1
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Truex N, Mohapatra S, Melo M, Rodriguez J, Li N, Abraham W, Sementa D, Touti F, Keskin DB, Wu CJ, Irvine DJ, Gómez-Bombarelli R, Pentelute BL. Design of Cytotoxic T Cell Epitopes by Machine Learning of Human Degrons. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:793-802. [PMID: 38680558 PMCID: PMC11046456 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Antigen processing is critical for therapeutic vaccines to generate epitopes for priming cytotoxic T cell responses against cancer and pathogens, but insufficient processing often limits the quantity of epitopes released. We address this challenge using machine learning to ascribe a proteasomal degradation score to epitope sequences. Epitopes with varying scores were translocated into cells using nontoxic anthrax proteins. Epitopes with a low score show pronounced immunogenicity due to antigen processing, but epitopes with a high score show limited immunogenicity. This work sheds light on the sequence-activity relationships between proteasomal degradation and epitope immunogenicity. We anticipate that future efforts to incorporate proteasomal degradation signals into vaccine designs will lead to enhanced cytotoxic T cell priming by these vaccines in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas
L. Truex
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Somesh Mohapatra
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Machine
Intelligence and Manufacturing Operations Group, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mariane Melo
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Ragon Institute
of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jacob Rodriguez
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Na Li
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Wuhbet Abraham
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Deborah Sementa
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Faycal Touti
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Derin B. Keskin
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Translational
Immunogenomics Laboratory (TIGL), Dana-Farber
Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department
of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Section
for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Ragon Institute
of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, United States
| | - Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Center
for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Truex NL, Mohapatra S, Melo M, Rodriguez J, Li N, Abraham W, Sementa D, Touti F, Keskin DB, Wu CJ, Irvine DJ, Gómez-Bombarelli R, Pentelute BL. Design of Cytotoxic T Cell Epitopes by Machine Learning of Human Degrons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.22.554289. [PMID: 37662211 PMCID: PMC10473641 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.22.554289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Antigen processing is critical for producing epitope peptides that are presented by HLA molecules for T cell recognition. Therapeutic vaccines aim to harness these epitopes for priming cytotoxic T cell responses against cancer and pathogens, but insufficient processing often reduces vaccine efficacy through limiting the quantity of epitopes released. Here, we set out to improve antigen processing by harnessing protein degradation signals called degrons from the ubiquitin-proteasome system. We used machine learning to generate a computational model that ascribes a proteasomal degradation score between 0 and 100. Epitope peptides with varying degron activities were synthesized and translocated into cells using nontoxic anthrax proteins: protective antigen (PA) and the N-terminus of lethal factor (LFN). Immunogenicity studies revealed epitope sequences with a low score (<25) show pronounced T-cell activation but epitope sequences with a higher score (>75) provide limited activation. This work sheds light on the sequence-activity relationships between proteasomal degradation and epitope immunogenicity, through conserving the epitope region but varying the flanking sequence. We anticipate that future efforts to incorporate proteasomal degradation signals into vaccine designs will lead to enhanced cytotoxic T cell priming by vaccine therapeutics in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L. Truex
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina; 631 Sumter St., Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Somesh Mohapatra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Machine Intelligence and Manufacturing Operations Group, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mariane Melo
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jacob Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Na Li
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Wuhbet Abraham
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Deborah Sementa
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Faycal Touti
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Derin B. Keskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory (TIGL), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby, DK
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; 4000 Jones Bridge Rd, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
| | - Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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3
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Otaka A. Development of Naturally Inspired Peptide and Protein Chemistry. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:748-764. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Otaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
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4
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Denda M, Otaka A. Advances in Preparation of Peptide and Protein Thioesters Aiming to Use in Medicinal Sciences. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:316-323. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Denda
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Akira Otaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
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5
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Mo Z, Lin S, Chen W, He C. Protein Ligation and Labeling Enabled by a C-Terminal Tetracysteine Tag. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115377. [PMID: 35060269 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The hydrazinolysis of S-cyanylated peptide provides an alternative way to afford protein α-hydrazide, a key reagent used in native chemical ligation (NCL), without the aid of any inteins or enzymes. The currently used non-selective S-cyanylation, however, allows no other cysteine in the protein besides the one at the cleavage site. Herein, we report a regioselective S-cyanylation and hydrazinolysis strategy achieved via the fusion of a tetracysteine tag to the C-terminal of the protein of interest. We term it tetracysteine enabled protein ligation (TCEPL). While highly selective, the strategy is applicable for proteins expressed as inclusion bodies, and this was showcased by the efficient semi-synthesis of an iron-sulfur protein rubredoxin and the catalytic and hinge domains of matrix metalloprotease-14 (MMP-14) containing 207 amino acid residues. Furthermore, the TCEPL strategy was exploited for protein C-terminal labeling with amino reagents bearing a variety of functional groups, demonstrating its versatility and generality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Mo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chunmao He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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6
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Mo Z, Lin S, Chen W, He C. Protein Ligation and Labeling Enabled by a C‐Terminal Tetracysteine Tag. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Mo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Wentao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Chunmao He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
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7
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Nomura K, Liu Y, Kajihara Y. Synthesis of homogeneous glycoproteins with diverse N-glycans. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2022; 81:57-93. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Chong YK, Chandrashekar C, Zhao D, Maki Y, Okamoto R, Kajihara Y. Optimization of Semisynthetic Approach for Glycosyl Interferon-β-polypeptide by Utilizing Bacterial Protein Expression and Chemical Modification. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1907-1915. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02391h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a sufficient amount of homogenous glycoprotein is of great interest because the natural glycoproteins show a considerable heterogeneity in oligosaccharide structures making the studies of glycan structure-function relationship...
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9
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Sapra R, Rajora AK, Kumar P, Maurya GP, Pant N, Haridas V. Chemical Biology of Sortase A Inhibition: A Gateway to Anti-infective Therapeutic Agents. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13097-13130. [PMID: 34516107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. The enzyme sortase A, present on the cell surface of S. aureus, plays a key role in bacterial virulence without affecting the bacterial viability. Inhibition of sortase A activity offers a powerful but clinically less explored therapeutic strategy, as it offers the possibility of not inducing any selective pressure on the bacteria to evolve drug-resistant strains. In this Perspective, we offer a chemical space narrative for the design of sortase A inhibitors, as delineated into three broad domains: peptidomimetics, natural products, and synthetic small molecules. This provides immense opportunities for medicinal chemists to alleviate the ever-growing crisis of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Sapra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Amit K Rajora
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Govind P Maurya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Nalin Pant
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - V Haridas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
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10
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Wang Z, Zhang D, Hemu X, Hu S, To J, Zhang X, Lescar J, Tam JP, Liu CF. Engineering protein theranostics using bio-orthogonal asparaginyl peptide ligases. Theranostics 2021; 11:5863-5875. [PMID: 33897886 PMCID: PMC8058723 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Protein theranostics integrate both diagnostic and treatment functions on a single disease-targeting protein. However, the preparation of these multimodal agents remains a major challenge. Ideally, conventional recombinant proteins should be used as starting materials for modification with the desired detection and therapeutic functionalities, but simple chemical strategies that allow the introduction of two different modifications into a protein in a site-specific manner are not currently available. We recently discovered two highly efficient peptide ligases, namely butelase-1 and VyPAL2. Although both ligate at asparaginyl peptide bonds, these two enzymes are bio-orthogonal with distinguishable substrate specificities, which can be exploited to introduce distinct modifications onto a protein. Methods: We quantified substrate specificity differences between butelase-1 and VyPAL2, which provide orthogonality for a tandem ligation method for protein dual modifications. Recombinant proteins or synthetic peptides engineered with the preferred recognition motifs of butelase-1 and VyPAL2 at their respective C- and N-terminal ends could be modified consecutively by the action of the two ligases. Results: Using this method, we modified an EGFR-targeting affibody with a fluorescein tag and a mitochondrion-lytic peptide at its respective N- and C-terminal ends. The dual-labeled protein was found to be a selective bioimaging and cytotoxic agent for EGFR-positive A431 cancer cells. In addition, the method was used to prepare a cyclic form of the affibody conjugated with doxorubicin. Both modified affibodies showed increased cytotoxicity to A431 cells by 10- and 100-fold compared to unconjugated doxorubicin and the free peptide, respectively. Conclusion: Bio-orthogonal tandem ligation using two asparaginyl peptide ligases with differential substrate specificities is a straightforward approach for the preparation of multifunctional protein biologics as potential theranostics.
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11
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Lu Z, Truex NL, Melo MB, Cheng Y, Li N, Irvine DJ, Pentelute BL. IgG-Engineered Protective Antigen for Cytosolic Delivery of Proteins into Cancer Cells. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:365-378. [PMID: 33655074 PMCID: PMC7908032 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic immunotoxins composed of antibodies and bacterial toxins provide potent activity against malignant cells, but joining them with a defined covalent bond while maintaining the desired function is challenging. Here, we develop novel immunotoxins by dovetailing full-length immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and nontoxic anthrax proteins, in which the C terminus of the IgG heavy chain is connected to the side chain of anthrax toxin protective antigen. This strategy enabled efficient conjugation of protective antigen variants to trastuzumab (Tmab) and cetuximab (Cmab) antibodies. The conjugates effectively perform intracellular delivery of edema factor and N terminus of lethal factor (LFN) fused with diphtheria toxin and Ras/Rap1-specific endopeptidase. Each conjugate shows high specificity for cells expressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), respectively, and potent activity across six Tmab- and Cmab-resistant cell lines. The conjugates also exhibit increased pharmacokinetics and pronounced in vivo safety, which shows promise for further therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nicholas L. Truex
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mariane B. Melo
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Ragon
Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yiran Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Na Li
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Ragon
Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, 4000
Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, United
States
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Center
for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- E-mail:
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12
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Recent Advances in the Application of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Polymerization and Oligomerization Reactions. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10121441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers have become one of the major types of materials that are essential in our daily life. The controlled synthesis of value-added polymers with unique mechanical and chemical properties have attracted broad research interest. Metal–organic framework (MOF) is a class of porous material with immense structural diversity which offers unique advantages for catalyzing polymerization and oligomerization reactions including the uniformity of the catalytic active site, and the templating effect of the nano-sized channels. We summarized in this review the important recent progress in the field of MOF-catalyzed and MOF-templated polymerizations, to reveal the chemical principle and structural aspects of these systems and hope to inspire the future design of novel polymerization systems with improved activity and specificity.
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13
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Ueda M, Komiya C, Arii S, Kusumoto K, Denda M, Okuhira K, Shigenaga A, Otaka A. Sequence-Independent Traceless Method for Preparation of Peptide/Protein Thioesters Using CPaseY-Mediated Hydrazinolysis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:1226-1232. [PMID: 33028801 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proteins incorporating artificial moieties such as fluorophores and drugs have enjoyed increasing use in chemical biology and drug development research. Preparation of such artificial protein derivatives has relied mainly on native chemical ligation in which peptide/protein thioesters chemoselectively react with N-terminal cysteine (Cys) peptides to afford protein molecules. The protein thioesters derived from expressed proteins represent thioesters that are very useful for the preparation of artificial proteins by native chemical ligation with synthetic peptides with N-terminal Cys. We recently have developed a traceless thioester-producing protocol using carboxypeptidase Y (CPaseY) which is compatible with an expressed protein. The traceless character is ensured by CPaseY-mediated hydrazinolysis of C-terminal Xaa (X)-Cys-proline (Pro)-leucine (Leu)-OH sequence followed by an auto-processing of the Cys-Pro (CP) dipeptide unit, affording the corresponding X-thioester (X-SR). However, hydrazinolysis of the amide bond in the prolyl leucine junction depends significantly on the nature of X. In the case of hydrophobic X residues, the hydrazinolysis overreacts to give several hydrazides while the reaction of hydrophilic X residues proceeds slowly. In this research, we attempted to develop an X-independent CPaseY-mediated protocol and found that the incorporation of a triple CP sequence into the C-terminal end (X-(CP)3-Leu-OH) allows for efficient X-SR formation in a manner that is independent of X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ueda
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Chiaki Komiya
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Sayuki Arii
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Kohshi Kusumoto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Masaya Denda
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Keiichiro Okuhira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University.,Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Akira Shigenaga
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University
| | - Akira Otaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
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14
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Martin V, Egelund PHG, Johansson H, Thordal Le Quement S, Wojcik F, Sejer Pedersen D. Greening the synthesis of peptide therapeutics: an industrial perspective. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42457-42492. [PMID: 35516773 PMCID: PMC9057961 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07204d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is generally the method of choice for the chemical synthesis of peptides, allowing routine synthesis of virtually any type of peptide sequence, including complex or cyclic peptide products. Importantly, SPPS can be automated and is scalable, which has led to its widespread adoption in the pharmaceutical industry, and a variety of marketed peptide-based drugs are now manufactured using this approach. However, SPPS-based synthetic strategies suffer from a negative environmental footprint mainly due to extensive solvent use. Moreover, most of the solvents used in peptide chemistry are classified as problematic by environmental agencies around the world and will soon need to be replaced, which in recent years has spurred a movement in academia and industry to make peptide synthesis greener. These efforts have been centred around solvent substitution, recycling and reduction, as well as exploring alternative synthetic methods. In this review, we focus on methods pertaining to solvent substitution and reduction with large-scale industrial production in mind, and further outline emerging technologies for peptide synthesis. Specifically, the technical requirements for large-scale manufacturing of peptide therapeutics are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Martin
- Novo Nordisk A/S, CMC API Development Smørmosevej 17-19 DK-2880 Bagsværd Denmark +45 4444 8888
| | - Peter H G Egelund
- Novo Nordisk A/S, CMC API Development Smørmosevej 17-19 DK-2880 Bagsværd Denmark +45 4444 8888
| | - Henrik Johansson
- Novo Nordisk A/S, CMC API Development Smørmosevej 17-19 DK-2880 Bagsværd Denmark +45 4444 8888
| | | | - Felix Wojcik
- Novo Nordisk A/S, CMC API Development Smørmosevej 17-19 DK-2880 Bagsværd Denmark +45 4444 8888
| | - Daniel Sejer Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, CMC API Development Smørmosevej 17-19 DK-2880 Bagsværd Denmark +45 4444 8888
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15
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Vamisetti GB, Satish G, Sulkshane P, Mann G, Glickman MH, Brik A. On-Demand Detachment of Succinimides on Cysteine to Facilitate (Semi)Synthesis of Challenging Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19558-19569. [PMID: 33136379 PMCID: PMC7705887 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
maleimide group is a widely used reagent for bioconjugation
of peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides employing Michael addition
and Diels–Alder cycloaddition reactions. However, the utility
of this functionality in chemical synthesis of peptides and proteins
remains unexplored. We report, for the first time that PdII complexes can mediate the efficient removal of various succinimide
derivatives in aqueous conditions. Succinimide removal by PdII was applied for the synthesis of two ubiquitin activity-based probes
(Ub-ABPs) employing solid phase chemical ligation (SPCL). SPCL was
achieved through a sequential three segment ligation on a polymer
support via a maleimide anchor. The obtained probes successfully formed
the expected covalent complexes with deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs)
USP2 and USP7, highlighting the use of our new method for efficient
preparation of unique synthetic proteins. Importantly, we demonstrate
the advantages of our newly developed method for the protection and
deprotection of native cysteine with a succinimide group in a peptide
fragment derived from thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) obtained via intein based
expression to enable ligation/desulfurization and subsequent disulfide
bond formation in a one-pot process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganga B Vamisetti
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Gandhesiri Satish
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Prasad Sulkshane
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Guy Mann
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Michael H Glickman
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
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16
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Lu Z, Paolella BR, Truex NL, Loftis AR, Liao X, Rabideau AE, Brown MS, Busanovich J, Beroukhim R, Pentelute BL. Targeting Cancer Gene Dependencies with Anthrax-Mediated Delivery of Peptide Nucleic Acids. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1358-1369. [PMID: 32348107 PMCID: PMC7521945 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotide therapies are important cancer treatments, which can suppress genes in cancer cells that are critical for cell survival. SF3B1 has recently emerged as a promising gene target that encodes a key splicing factor in the SF3B protein complex. Over 10% of cancers have lost one or more copies of the SF3B1 gene, rendering these cancers vulnerable after further suppression. SF3B1 is just one example of a CYCLOPS (Copy-number alterations Yielding Cancer Liabilities Owing to Partial losS) gene, but over 120 additional candidate CYCLOPS genes are known. Antisense oligonucleotide therapies for cancer offer the promise of effective suppression for CYCLOPS genes, but developing these treatments is difficult due to their limited permeability into cells and poor cytosolic stability. Here, we develop an effective approach to suppress CYCLOPS genes by delivering antisense peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) into the cytosol of cancer cells. We achieve efficient cytosolic PNA delivery with the two main nontoxic components of the anthrax toxin: protective antigen (PA) and the 263-residue N-terminal domain of lethal factor (LFN). Sortase-mediated ligation readily enables the conjugation of PNAs to the C terminus of the LFN protein. LFN and PA work together in concert to translocate PNAs into the cytosol of mammalian cells. Antisense SF3B1 PNAs delivered with the LFN/PA system suppress the SF3B1 gene and decrease cell viability, particularly of cancer cells with partial copy-number loss of SF3B1. Moreover, antisense SF3B1 PNAs delivered with a HER2-binding PA variant selectively target cancer cells that overexpress the HER2 cell receptor, demonstrating receptor-specific targeting of cancer cells. Taken together, our efforts illustrate how PA-mediated delivery of PNAs provides an effective and general approach for delivering antisense PNA therapeutics and for targeting gene dependencies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Brenton R. Paolella
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Nicholas L. Truex
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Alexander R. Loftis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Xiaoli Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Amy E. Rabideau
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Meredith S. Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - John Busanovich
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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17
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Hartrampf N, Saebi A, Poskus M, Gates ZP, Callahan AJ, Cowfer AE, Hanna S, Antilla S, Schissel CK, Quartararo AJ, Ye X, Mijalis AJ, Simon MD, Loas A, Liu S, Jessen C, Nielsen TE, Pentelute BL. Synthesis of proteins by automated flow chemistry. Science 2020; 368:980-987. [PMID: 32467387 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb2491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomes can produce proteins in minutes and are largely constrained to proteinogenic amino acids. Here, we report highly efficient chemistry matched with an automated fast-flow instrument for the direct manufacturing of peptide chains up to 164 amino acids long over 327 consecutive reactions. The machine is rapid: Peptide chain elongation is complete in hours. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by the chemical synthesis of nine different protein chains that represent enzymes, structural units, and regulatory factors. After purification and folding, the synthetic materials display biophysical and enzymatic properties comparable to the biologically expressed proteins. High-fidelity automated flow chemistry is an alternative for producing single-domain proteins without the ribosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hartrampf
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A Saebi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - M Poskus
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Z P Gates
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A J Callahan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A E Cowfer
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - S Hanna
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - S Antilla
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - C K Schissel
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A J Quartararo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - X Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A J Mijalis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - M D Simon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A Loas
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - S Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - C Jessen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - T E Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - B L Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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18
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Luo Y, Jiang C, Yu L, Yang A. Chemical Biology of Autophagy-Related Proteins With Posttranslational Modifications: From Chemical Synthesis to Biological Applications. Front Chem 2020; 8:233. [PMID: 32309274 PMCID: PMC7145982 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation pathway in all eukaryotic cells, which is critical for maintaining cell homeostasis. A series of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins are involved in the regulation of autophagy. The activities of ATG proteins are mainly modulated by posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, lipidation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation. To tackle molecular mechanisms of autophagy, more and more researches are focusing on the roles of PTMs in regulation of the activity of ATG proteins and autophagy process. The protein ligation techniques have emerged as powerful tools for the chemical engineering of proteins with PTMs, and provided effective methods to elucidate the molecular mechanism and physiological significance of PTMs. Recently, several ATG proteins with PTM were prepared by protein ligation techniques such as native chemical ligation (NCL), expressed protein ligation (EPL), peptide hydrazide-based NCL, and Sortase A-mediated ligation (SML). More importantly, the synthesized ATG proteins are successfully used to probe the mechanism of autophagy. In this review, we summarize protein ligation techniques for the preparation of ATG proteins with PTMs. In addition, we highlight the biological applications of synthetic ATG proteins to probe the autophagy mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lihua Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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19
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Abstract
Protein semisynthesis-defined herein as the assembly of a protein from a combination of synthetic and recombinant fragments-is a burgeoning field of chemical biology that has impacted many areas in the life sciences. In this review, we provide a comprehensive survey of this area. We begin by discussing the various chemical and enzymatic methods now available for the manufacture of custom proteins containing noncoded elements. This section begins with a discussion of methods that are more chemical in origin and ends with those that employ biocatalysts. We also illustrate the commonalities that exist between these seemingly disparate methods and show how this is allowing for the development of integrated chemoenzymatic methods. This methodology discussion provides the technical foundation for the second part of the review where we cover the great many biological problems that have now been addressed using these tools. Finally, we end the piece with a short discussion on the frontiers of the field and the opportunities available for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom W. Muir
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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20
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Tian F, Li G, Zheng B, Liu Y, Shi S, Deng Y, Zheng P. Verification of sortase for protein conjugation by single-molecule force spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3943-3946. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00714e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SMFS and MD simulations revealed a closed conformation and a decreased stability of sortase-mediated polyprotein I27 when a linker with a high content of glycine is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Bin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yutong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Shengchao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yibing Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Peng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
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21
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Nuijens T, Toplak A, Schmidt M, Ricci A, Cabri W. Natural Occurring and Engineered Enzymes for Peptide Ligation and Cyclization. Front Chem 2019; 7:829. [PMID: 31850317 PMCID: PMC6895249 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The renaissance of peptides as prospective therapeutics has fostered the development of novel strategies for their synthesis and modification. In this context, besides the development of new chemical peptide ligation approaches, especially the use of enzymes as a versatile tool has gained increased attention. Nowadays, due to their inherent properties such as excellent regio- and chemoselectivity, enzymes represent invaluable instruments in both academic and industrial laboratories. This mini-review focuses on natural- and engineered peptide ligases that can form a new peptide (amide) bond between the C-terminal carboxy and N-terminal amino group of a peptide and/or protein. The pro's and cons of several enzyme classes such as Sortases, Asparaginyl Endoproteases, Trypsin related enzymes and as a central focus subtilisin-derived variants are summarized. Most recent developments with regards to ligation and cyclization are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Nuijens
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, I&D Center EnzyPep B.V., Geleen, Netherlands
| | - Ana Toplak
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, I&D Center EnzyPep B.V., Geleen, Netherlands
| | - Marcel Schmidt
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, I&D Center EnzyPep B.V., Geleen, Netherlands
| | | | - Walter Cabri
- Fresenius Kabi iPSUM, I&D Center EnzyPep B.V., Geleen, Netherlands.,Fresenius Kabi iPSUM Srl, Villadose, Italy
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22
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Komiya C, Shigenaga A, Tsukimoto J, Ueda M, Morisaki T, Inokuma T, Itoh K, Otaka A. Traceless synthesis of protein thioesters using enzyme-mediated hydrazinolysis and subsequent self-editing of the cysteinyl prolyl sequence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7029-7032. [PMID: 31140482 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03583d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A traceless thioester-producing protocol featuring carboxypeptidase Y-mediated hydrazinolysis of cysteinyl prolyl leucine-tagged peptides has been developed. The hydrazinolysis followed by thioesterification affords cysteinyl prolyl thioesters. Self-editing of the tag and subsequent trans-thioesterification yields peptide thioesters. The developed protocol was successfully applied to the conversion of recombinant proteins to thioesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Komiya
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Akira Shigenaga
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Jun Tsukimoto
- Institute of Medicinal Resources, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ueda
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Takuya Morisaki
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Tsubasa Inokuma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Kohji Itoh
- Institute of Medicinal Resources, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Otaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
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23
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Dai X, Böker A, Glebe U. Broadening the scope of sortagging. RSC Adv 2019; 9:4700-4721. [PMID: 35514663 PMCID: PMC9060782 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06705h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sortases are enzymes occurring in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. Sortase A (SrtA), the best studied sortase class, plays a key role in anchoring surface proteins with the recognition sequence LPXTG covalently to oligoglycine units of the bacterial cell wall. This unique transpeptidase activity renders SrtA attractive for various purposes and motivated researchers to study multiple in vivo and in vitro ligations in the last decades. This ligation technique is known as sortase-mediated ligation (SML) or sortagging and developed to a frequently used method in basic research. The advantages are manifold: extremely high substrate specificity, simple access to substrates and enzyme, robust nature and easy handling of sortase A. In addition to the ligation of two proteins or peptides, early studies already included at least one artificial (peptide equipped) substrate into sortagging reactions - which demonstrates the versatility and broad applicability of SML. Thus, SML is not only a biology-related technique, but has found prominence as a major interdisciplinary research tool. In this review, we provide an overview about the use of sortase A in interdisciplinary research, mainly for protein modification, synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates and immobilization of proteins on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Dai
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologie, Universität Potsdam 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Alexander Böker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologie, Universität Potsdam 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Ulrich Glebe
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
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24
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Otaka A, Shigenaga A. Protein Synthetic Chemistry Inspired by Intein-mediated Protein Splicing. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2018. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.76.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Otaka
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
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25
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Tan XL, Pan M, Zheng Y, Gao S, Liang LJ, Li YM. Sortase-mediated chemical protein synthesis reveals the bidentate binding of bisphosphorylated p62 with K63 diubiquitin. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6881-6887. [PMID: 29147513 PMCID: PMC5636944 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02937c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of S403 or S407 of the autophagic receptor protein p62 has recently been discovered to enhance the binding of p62 with ubiquitinated protein substrates to upregulate selective autophagy. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of how phosphorylation regulates the recruitment of ubiquitinated proteins, we report the first chemical synthesis of homogeneously phosphorylated p62, which enables the setting up of accurate in vitro systems for biochemical studies. Our synthesis employs the technology of sortase A-mediated protein hydrazide ligation, which successfully affords three types of phosphorylated p62 at the multi-milligram scale. Quantitative biochemical measurements show that the binding affinity of S403/S407-bisphosphorylated p62 to K63 diubiquitin is significantly higher than that of mono-phosphorylated p62. This finding suggests that phosphorylated S403 and S407 sites should bind to different epitopes on the ubiquitin chain. Furthermore, glutamate mutation is found to give a significantly impaired binding affinity, implying the necessity of using chemically synthesized phosphorylated p62 for the biochemical study of selective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Long Tan
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences , Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China.,School of Biological and Medical Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , Anhui 230009 , China .
| | - Man Pan
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences , Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yong Zheng
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , Anhui 230009 , China . .,High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031 , China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences , Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Lu-Jun Liang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences , Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , Anhui 230009 , China .
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26
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Zhao X, Hong H, Cheng X, Liu S, Deng T, Guo Z, Wu Z. One-step purification and immobilization of extracellularly expressed sortase A by magnetic particles to develop a robust and recyclable biocatalyst. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6561. [PMID: 28747746 PMCID: PMC5529518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sortase A (SrtA) is a transpeptidase widely used to site-specifically modify peptides and proteins and shows promise for industrial applications. In this study, a novel strategy was developed for constructing immobilized-SrtA as a robust and recyclable enzyme via direct immobilization of extracellularly expressed SrtA in the fermentation supernatant using magnetic particles. Efficient extracellular SrtA expression was achieved in Escherichia coli through molecular engineering, including manipulation of the protein transport pathway, codon optimization, and co-expression of molecular chaperones to promote expressed SrtA secretion into the medium at high levels. Subsequently, a simple one-step protocol was established for the purification and immobilization of SrtA containing a His-tag from the fermentation supernatant onto a nickel-modified magnetic particle. The immobilized SrtA was proved to retain full enzymatic activity for peptide-to-peptide ligation and protein modification, and was successfully reused for five cycles without obvious activity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haofei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaozhong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shaozhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, United States of America
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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27
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White DR, Khedri Z, Kiptoo P, Siahaan TJ, Tolbert TJ. Synthesis of a Bifunctional Peptide Inhibitor-IgG1 Fc Fusion That Suppresses Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1867-1877. [PMID: 28581731 PMCID: PMC5659714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that is estimated to affect over 2.3 million people worldwide. The exact cause for this disease is unknown but involves immune system attack and destruction of the myelin protein surrounding the neurons in the central nervous system. One promising class of compounds that selectively prevent the activation of immune cells involved in the pathway leading to myelin destruction are bifunctional peptide inhibitors (BPIs). Treatment with BPIs reduces neurodegenerative symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. In this work, as an effort to further improve the bioactivity of BPIs, BPI peptides were conjugated to the N- and C-termini of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of the human IgG1 antibody. Initially, the two peptides were conjugated to IgG1 Fc using recombinant DNA technology. However, expression in yeast resulted in low yields and one of the peptides being heavily proteolyzed. To circumvent this problem, the poorly expressed peptide was instead produced by solid phase peptide synthesis and conjugated enzymatically using a sortase-mediated ligation. The sortase-mediated method showed near-complete conjugation yield as observed by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry in small-scale reactions. This method was scaled up to obtain sufficient quantities for testing the BPI-Fc fusion in mice induced with EAE. Compared to the PBS-treated control, mice treated with the BPI-Fc fusion showed significantly reduced disease symptoms, did not experience weight loss, and showed reduced de-myelination. These results demonstrate that the BPI peptides were highly active at suppressing EAE when conjugated to the large Fc scaffold in this manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek R. White
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Zahra Khedri
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
- Ajinomoto Althea Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Paul Kiptoo
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
- Sekisui XenoTech, LLC, Kansas City, Kansas 66103, United States
| | - Teruna J. Siahaan
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Thomas J. Tolbert
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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28
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Milczek EM. Commercial Applications for Enzyme-Mediated Protein Conjugation: New Developments in Enzymatic Processes to Deliver Functionalized Proteins on the Commercial Scale. Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Enzyme-mediated ligation technologies for peptides and proteins. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 38:1-7. [PMID: 28229906 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the steadily increasing complexity and quantity requirements for peptides in industry and academia, the efficient and site-selective ligation of peptides and proteins represents a highly desirable goal. Within this context, enzyme-mediated ligation technologies for peptides and proteins have attracted great interest in recent years as they represent an extremely powerful extension to the scope of chemical methodologies (e.g. native chemical ligation) in basic and applied research. Compared to chemical ligation methods, enzymatic strategies using ligases such as sortase, butelase, peptiligase or omniligase generally feature excellent chemoselectivity, therefore making them valuable tools for protein and peptide chemists.
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30
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Schmohl L, Bierlmeier J, Gerth F, Freund C, Schwarzer D. Engineering sortase A by screening a second-generation library using phage display. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:631-635. [PMID: 28185387 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sortase-mediated ligation is one of the most commonly used chemo-enzymatic techniques for the site-specific modification of proteins. We have established a new library of sortase mutants for directed evolution of sortase substrate selectivity. Phage display screens of this second-generation library yielded sortase mutants that ligate substrate proteins containing an APxTG or FPxTG recognition sequence instead of the canonical LPxTG sorting motif. These findings indicate that the second-generation sortase library is well suited for sortase engineering in order to increase the versatility of sortase-mediated ligation. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Schmohl
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Bierlmeier
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Gerth
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
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31
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Miyajima R, Tsuda Y, Inokuma T, Shigenaga A, Imanishi M, Futaki S, Otaka A. Preparation of peptide thioesters from naturally occurring sequences using reaction sequence consisting of regioselective S-cyanylation and hydrazinolysis. Biopolymers 2017; 106:531-46. [PMID: 26501985 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The vital roles of peptide/protein thioesters in protein chemistry, including chemical or semi-synthesis of proteins, have encouraged studies on the development of methods for the preparation of such chemical units. Biochemical protocols using intein or sortase have proved to be useful in protein chemistry as methods suitable for naturally occurring sequences, including recombinant proteins. Although chemical protocols are potential options for thioester preparation, only a few are applicable to naturally occurring sequences, because standard chemical protocols require an artificial chemical device for producing thioesters. In this context, the chemical preparation of thioesters based on a reaction sequence consisting of regioselective S-cyanylation and hydrazinolysis was investigated. Regioselective S-cyanylation, which is required for cysteine-containing thioesters, was achieved with the aid of a zinc-complex formation of a CCHH-type zinc-finger sequence. Free cysteine residues that are not involved in complex formation were selectively protected with a 6-nitroveratryl group followed by S-cyanylation of the zinc-binding cysteine. Hydrazinolysis of the resulting S-cyanopeptide and subsequent photo-removal of the 6-nitroveratryl group yielded the desired peptide hydrazide, which was then converted to the corresponding thioester. The generated thioester was successfully used in N-to-C-directed one-pot/sequential native chemical ligation using an N-sulfanylethylanilide peptide to give a 64-residue peptide toxin. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 531-546, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rin Miyajima
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsuda
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Inokuma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Shigenaga
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Miki Imanishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Akira Otaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
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32
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Cao Y, Nguyen GKT, Tam JP, Liu CF. Butelase-mediated synthesis of protein thioesters and its application for tandem chemoenzymatic ligation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:17289-92. [PMID: 26462854 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07227a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using a recently discovered peptide ligase, butelase 1, we developed a novel method to access protein thioesters in good yield. We successfully combined it with native chemical ligation and sortase-mediated ligation in tandem for protein C-terminal labeling and dual-terminal labeling to exploit the orthogonality of these three ligation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551.
| | - Giang K T Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551.
| | - James P Tam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551.
| | - Chuan-Fa Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551.
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33
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Hou Y, Yuan J, Zhou Y, Yu J, Lu H. A Concise Approach to Site-Specific Topological Protein–Poly(amino acid) Conjugates Enabled by in Situ-Generated Functionalities. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10995-1000. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingqin Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering,
Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingsong Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering,
Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering,
Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering,
Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering,
Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
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34
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Rabideau AE, Pentelute BL. Delivery of Non-Native Cargo into Mammalian Cells Using Anthrax Lethal Toxin. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1490-501. [PMID: 27055654 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular delivery of peptide and protein therapeutics is a major challenge due to the plasma membrane, which acts as a barrier between the extracellular environment and the intracellular milieu. Over the past two decades, a nontoxic PA/LFN delivery platform derived from anthrax lethal toxin has been developed for the transport of non-native cargo into the cytosol of cells in order to understand the translocation process through a protective antigen (PA) pore and to probe intracellular biological functions. Enzyme-mediated ligation using sortase A and native chemical ligation are two facile methods used to synthesize these non-native conjugates, inaccessible by recombinant technology. Cargo molecules that translocate efficiently include enzymes from protein toxins, antibody mimic proteins, and peptides of varying lengths and non-natural amino acid compositions. The PA pore has been found to effectively convey over 30 known cargos other than native lethal factor (LF; i.e., non-native) with diverse sequences and functionalities on the LFN transporter protein. All together these studies demonstrated that non-native cargos must adopt an unfolded or extended conformation and contain a suitable charge composition in order to efficiently pass through the PA pore. This review provides insight into design parameters for the efficient delivery of new cargos using PA and LFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Rabideau
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley Lether Pentelute
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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35
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Glasgow JE, Salit ML, Cochran JR. In Vivo Site-Specific Protein Tagging with Diverse Amines Using an Engineered Sortase Variant. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7496-9. [PMID: 27280683 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemoenzymatic modification of proteins is an attractive option to create highly specific conjugates for therapeutics, diagnostics, or materials under gentle biological conditions. However, these methods often suffer from expensive specialized substrates, bulky fusion tags, low yields, and extra purification steps to achieve the desired conjugate. Staphylococcus aureus sortase A and its engineered variants are used to attach oligoglycine derivatives to the C-terminus of proteins expressed with a minimal LPXTG tag. This strategy has been used extensively for bioconjugation in vitro and for protein-protein conjugation in living cells. Here we show that an enzyme variant recently engineered for higher activity on oligoglycine has promiscuous activity that allows proteins to be tagged using a diverse array of small, commercially available amines, including several bioorthogonal functional groups. This technique can also be carried out in living Escherichia coli, enabling simple, inexpensive production of chemically functionalized proteins with no additional purification steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff E Glasgow
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Marc L Salit
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jennifer R Cochran
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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36
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Rosen CB, Kwant RL, MacDonald JI, Rao M, Francis MB. Capture and Recycling of Sortase A through Site-Specific Labeling with Lithocholic Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8585-9. [PMID: 27239057 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-mediated protein modification often requires large amounts of biocatalyst, adding significant costs to the process and limiting industrial applications. Herein, we demonstrate a scalable and straightforward strategy for the efficient capture and recycling of enzymes using a small-molecule affinity tag. A proline variant of an evolved sortase A (SrtA 7M) was N-terminally labeled with lithocholic acid (LA)-an inexpensive bile acid that exhibits strong binding to β-cyclodextrin (βCD). Capture and recycling of the LA-Pro-SrtA 7M conjugate was achieved using βCD-modified sepharose resin. The LA-Pro-SrtA 7M conjugate retained full enzymatic activity, even after multiple rounds of recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B Rosen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Richard L Kwant
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - James I MacDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Meera Rao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Matthew B Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA. .,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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37
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Rosen CB, Kwant RL, MacDonald JI, Rao M, Francis MB. Capture and Recycling of Sortase A through Site‐Specific Labeling with Lithocholic Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian B. Rosen
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Richard L. Kwant
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - James I. MacDonald
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Meera Rao
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Matthew B. Francis
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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38
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Qiao Z, Jiang X. Ligand-Controlled Divergent Cross-Coupling Involving Organosilicon Compounds for Thioether and Thioester Synthesis. Org Lett 2016; 18:1550-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongjun Qiao
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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39
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Wang L, Jiang R, Wang L, Liu Y, Sun XL. Preparation of chain-end clickable recombinant protein and its bio-orthogonal modification. Bioorg Chem 2016; 65:159-66. [PMID: 26953841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Introducing unique functional group into protein is an attractive approach for site-selective protein modification applications. In this report, we systemically investigated four site-selective strategies to introduce azide functionality into recombinant thrombomodulin (TM456), via direct recombinant expression with unnatural amino acid, chemical, and enzymatic modification for its bio-orthogonal modification application. First, a straightforward recombinant method to express TM456 with azide functionality near C-terminus by replacing methionine with azidohomoanlanine from methionine auxotroph Escherichia coli cell was investigated. Next, a sortase-mediated ligation (SML) method to incorporate azide functionality into the C-terminus of recombinant TM456 was demonstrated. The third is to add azide functionality to the N-terminal amine of recombinant TM456via amidation chemistry, and the fourth is tyrosine selective three-component Mannich reaction to introduce azide functionality to recombinant TM456. Overall, SML of recombinant protein affords the highest overall yield for incorporating azide functionality into the C-terminus recombinant TM456 since the key protein expression step uses natural amino acids. Also, single site modification facilitates the highest TM456 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA; College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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40
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Huang H, Yang X, Wang K, Wang Q, Guo Q, Huang J, Liu J, Song C. Amplified fluorescence detection of adenosine via catalyzed hairpin assembly and host–guest interactions between β-cyclodextrin polymer and pyrene. Analyst 2016; 141:2502-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02658j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We introduce an enzyme-free amplified detection strategy for the small molecule adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
| | - Xiaohai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
| | - Qiuping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
| | - Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
| | - Jianbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
| | - Chunxia Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
- Hunan University
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41
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Abstract
Directed evolution has proved to be an effective strategy for improving or altering the activity of biomolecules for industrial, research and therapeutic applications. The evolution of proteins in the laboratory requires methods for generating genetic diversity and for identifying protein variants with desired properties. This Review describes some of the tools used to diversify genes, as well as informative examples of screening and selection methods that identify or isolate evolved proteins. We highlight recent cases in which directed evolution generated enzymatic activities and substrate specificities not known to exist in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Packer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - David R Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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42
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Blanco-Canosa JB, Nardone B, Albericio F, Dawson PE. Chemical Protein Synthesis Using a Second-Generation N-Acylurea Linker for the Preparation of Peptide-Thioester Precursors. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7197-209. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brunello Nardone
- Departments
of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Philip E. Dawson
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), 10550 N. Torrey
Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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43
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Tsuda Y, Shigenaga A, Tsuji K, Denda M, Sato K, Kitakaze K, Nakamura T, Inokuma T, Itoh K, Otaka A. Development of a Chemical Methodology for the Preparation of Peptide Thioesters Applicable to Naturally Occurring Peptides Using a Sequential Quadruple Acyl Transfer System. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:448-52. [PMID: 26478838 PMCID: PMC4603404 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide thioesters are very useful in protein chemistry, and chemistry- and biochemistry-based protocols are used for the preparation of thioesters. Among such protocols, only a few biochemistry-based approaches have been use for naturally occurring peptide sequences. The development of chemistry-based protocols applicable to natural sequences remains a challenge, and the development of such methods would be a major contribution to protein science. Here, we describe the preparation of peptide thioesters using innovative methodology that features nickel(II)-mediated alcoholysis of a naturally occurring peptide sequence, followed by O−N and N−S acyl transfers. This protocol involves sequential quadruple acyl transfer, termed SQAT. Notably, the SQAT system consists of sequential chemical reactions that allow naturally occurring peptide sequences to be converted to thioesters without requiring an artificial chemical unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tsuda
- Institute of Health Bioscience, Graduate School of PharmaceuticalSciences, Tokushima University Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Shigenaga
- Institute of Health Bioscience, Graduate School of PharmaceuticalSciences, Tokushima University Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kohei Tsuji
- Institute of Health Bioscience, Graduate School of PharmaceuticalSciences, Tokushima University Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Masaya Denda
- Institute of Health Bioscience, Graduate School of PharmaceuticalSciences, Tokushima University Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kohei Sato
- Institute of Health Bioscience, Graduate School of PharmaceuticalSciences, Tokushima University Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kitakaze
- Institute of Health Bioscience, Graduate School of PharmaceuticalSciences, Tokushima University Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakamura
- Institute of Health Bioscience, Graduate School of PharmaceuticalSciences, Tokushima University Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Inokuma
- Institute of Health Bioscience, Graduate School of PharmaceuticalSciences, Tokushima University Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kohji Itoh
- Institute of Health Bioscience, Graduate School of PharmaceuticalSciences, Tokushima University Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Otaka
- Institute of Health Bioscience, Graduate School of PharmaceuticalSciences, Tokushima University Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
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44
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Liao X, Rabideau AE, Pentelute BL. Delivery of antibody mimics into mammalian cells via anthrax toxin protective antigen. Chembiochem 2014; 15:2458-66. [PMID: 25250705 PMCID: PMC4498471 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antibody mimics have significant scientific and therapeutic utility for the disruption of protein-protein interactions inside cells; however, their delivery to the cell cytosol remains a major challenge. Here we show that protective antigen (PA), a component of anthrax toxin, efficiently transports commonly used antibody mimics to the cytosol of mammalian cells when conjugated to the N-terminal domain of LF (LFN). In contrast, a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) was not able to deliver any of these antibody mimics into the cell cytosol. The refolding and binding of a transported tandem monobody to Bcr-Abl (its protein target) in chronic myeloid leukemia cells were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. We also observed inhibition of Bcr-Abl kinase activity and induction of apoptosis caused by the monobody. In a separate case, we show disruption of key interactions in the MAPK signaling pathway after PA-mediated delivery of an affibody binder that targets hRaf-1. We show for the first time that PA can deliver bioactive antibody mimics to disrupt intracellular protein-protein interactions. This technology adds a useful tool to expand the applications of these modern agents to the intracellular milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Avenue 18-596, Cambridge, MA 02193 (USA) E-mail:
| | - Amy E Rabideau
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Avenue 18-596, Cambridge, MA 02193 (USA) E-mail:
| | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Avenue 18-596, Cambridge, MA 02193 (USA) E-mail:
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45
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Bellucci JJ, Bhattacharyya J, Chilkoti A. A Noncanonical Function of Sortase Enables Site-Specific Conjugation of Small Molecules to Lysine Residues in Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Bellucci JJ, Bhattacharyya J, Chilkoti A. A noncanonical function of sortase enables site-specific conjugation of small molecules to lysine residues in proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:441-5. [PMID: 25363491 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We provide the first demonstration that isopeptide ligation, a noncanonical activity of the enzyme sortase A, can be used to modify recombinant proteins. This reaction was used in vitro to conjugate small molecules to a peptide, an engineered targeting protein, and a full-length monoclonal antibody with an exquisite level of control over the site of conjugation. Attachment to the protein substrate occurred exclusively through isopeptide bonds at a lysine ε-amino group within a specific amino acid sequence. This reaction allows more than one molecule to be site-specifically conjugated to a protein at internal sites, thereby overcoming significant limitations of the canonical native peptide ligation reaction catalyzed by sortase A. Our method provides a unique chemical ligation procedure that is orthogonal to existing methods, supplying a new method to site-specifically modify lysine residues that will be a valuable addition to the protein conjugation toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Bellucci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 (USA) http://www.chilkotilab.pratt.duke.edu
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Schmohl L, Schwarzer D. Sortase-mediated ligations for the site-specific modification of proteins. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 22:122-8. [PMID: 25299574 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sortase-mediated ligation (SML) is one of the most commonly used techniques for the site-specific modification of proteins. Here, a brief overview on advantages and limitations of this technology in comparison with other chemoselective protein modification techniques is provided and successful approaches that extend the application range of SML are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Schmohl
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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Haridas V, Sadanandan S, Dheepthi NU. Sortase-based bio-organic strategies for macromolecular synthesis. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1857-67. [PMID: 25111709 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein ligation sorted: SrtA is one of the molecules nature uses to perform chemoselective ligation on amazingly complex protein molecules. Sortase-mediated ligation (SML) with chemoselective reactions will find a variety of applications in chemistry, biology, and medicine in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Haridas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016 (India).
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Policarpo RL, Kang H, Liao X, Rabideau AE, Simon MD, Pentelute BL. Flow-based enzymatic ligation by sortase A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9203-8. [PMID: 24989829 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sortase-mediated ligation (sortagging) is a versatile, powerful strategy for protein modification. Because the sortase reaction reaches equilibrium, a large excess of polyglycine nucleophile is often employed to drive the reaction forward and suppress sortase-mediated side reactions. A flow-based sortagging platform employing immobilized sortase A within a microreactor was developed that permits efficient sortagging at low nucleophile concentrations. The platform was tested with several reaction partners and used to generate a protein bioconjugate inaccessible by solution-phase batch sortagging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco L Policarpo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
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Policarpo RL, Kang H, Liao X, Rabideau AE, Simon MD, Pentelute BL. Flow-Based Enzymatic Ligation by Sortase A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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