1
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Sinha P, Sharma A. The prospect of supercapacitors in integrated energy harvesting and storage systems. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:382001. [PMID: 38904267 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad5a7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Renewable energy sources, such as wind, tide, solar cells, etc, are the primary research areas that deliver enormous amounts of energy for our daily usage and minimize the dependency upon fossil fuel. Paralley, harnessing ambient energy from our surroundings must be prioritized for small powered systems. Nanogenerators, which use waste energy to generate electricity, are based on such concepts. We refer to these nanogenerators as energy harvesters. The purpose of energy harvesters is not to outcompete traditional renewable energy sources. It aims to reduce reliance on primary energy sources and enhance decentralized energy production. Energy storage is another area that needs to be explored for quickly storing the generated energy. Supercapacitor is a familiar device with a unique quick charging and discharging feature. Encouraging advancements in energy storage and harvesting technologies directly supports the efficient and comprehensive use of sustainable energy. Yet, self-optimization from independent energy harvesting and storage devices is challenging to overcome. It includes instability, insufficient energy output, and reliance on an external power source, preventing their direct application and future development. Coincidentally, integrating energy harvesters and storage devices can address these challenges, which demand their inherent action. This review intends to offer a complete overview of supercapacitor-based integrated energy harvester and storage systems and identify opportunities and directions for future research in this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Sinha
- Centre for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Centre for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- Materials Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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2
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Darvish F, Shumaly S, Li X, Dong Y, Diaz D, Khani M, Vollmer D, Butt HJ. Control of spontaneous charging of sliding water drops by plasma-surface treatment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10640. [PMID: 38724519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60595-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Slide electrification is the spontaneous separation of electric charges at the rear of water drops sliding over solid surfaces. This study delves into how surfaces treated with a low-pressure plasma impact water slide electrification. Ar, O2, and N2 plasma treatment reduced the drop charge and contact angles on glass, quartz, and SU-8 coated with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoroctyltrichlorosilane (PFOTS), and polystyrene. Conversely, 64% higher drop charge was achieved using electrode-facing treatment in plasma chamber. Based on the zeta potential, Kelvin potential, and XPS measurements, the plasma effects were attributed to alterations of the topmost layer's chemistry, such as oxidation and etching, and superficially charge deposition. The surface top layer charges were less negative after electrode-facing and more negative after bulk plasma treatment. As a result, the zeta potential was less negative after electrode-facing and more negative after bulk plasma treatment. Although the fluorinated layer was applied after plasma activation, we observed a discernible impact of plasma-glass treatment on drop charging. Plasma surface modification offers a means to adjust drop charges: electrode-facing treatment of the fluorinated layer leads to an enhanced drop charge, while plasma treatment on the substrate prior to fluorination diminishes drop charges, all without affecting contact angles or surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Darvish
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sajjad Shumaly
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yun Dong
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Diego Diaz
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohammadreza Khani
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Doris Vollmer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPI-P), Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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3
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Sobarzo JC, Waitukaitis S. Multiple charge carrier species as a possible cause for triboelectric cycles. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:L032108. [PMID: 38632754 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.l032108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The tendency of materials to order in triboelectric series has prompted suggestions that contact electrification might have a single, unified underlying description. However, the possibility of "triboelectric cycles," i.e., series that loop back onto themselves, is seemingly at odds with such a coherent description. In this work, we propose that if multiple charge carrying species are at play, both triboelectric series and cycles are possible. We show how series arise naturally if only a single charge carrier species is involved and if the driving mechanism is approach toward thermodynamic equilibrium, and simultaneously, that cycles are forbidden under such conditions. Suspecting multiple carriers might relax the situation, we affirm this is the case by explicit construction of a cycle involving two carriers, and then extend this to show how more complex cycles emerge. Our work highlights the importance of series and cycles towards determining the underlying mechanism(s) and carrier(s) in contact electrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Sobarzo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Scott Waitukaitis
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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4
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Cruise RD, Starr SO, Hadler K, Cilliers JJ. Triboelectric charge saturation on single and multiple insulating particles in air and vacuum. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15178. [PMID: 37704706 PMCID: PMC10499910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Triboelectric charge transfer is complex and depends on contact properties such as material composition and contact area, as well as environmental factors including humidity, temperature, and air pressure. Saturation surface charge density on particles is inversely dependent on particle size and the number of nearby particles. Here we show that electrical breakdown of air is the primary cause of triboelectric charge saturation on single and multiple electrically insulating particles, which explains the inverse dependence of surface charge density on particle size and number of particles. We combine computational simulations with experiments under controlled humidity and pressure. The results show that the electric field contribution of multiple particles causes electrical breakdown of air, reducing saturation surface charge density for greater numbers of particles. Furthermore, these results show that particles can be discharged in a low pressure environment, yielding opportunities for improved industrial powder flows and dust mitigation from surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben D Cruise
- Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Stanley O Starr
- Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kathryn Hadler
- Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jan J Cilliers
- Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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5
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Yoo J, Gu Kang S, Hong Kim K, Jeong J. Effects of initial charge on triboelectrification of plastics. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 166:133-140. [PMID: 37172514 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastic recycling is one of the most economical and environment-friendly solutions for effective plastic waste management. Triboelectric separation is one of beneficial methods to accomplish this. A method and device capable of analyzing the triboelectrification of materials with specific initial charges are proposed in this study. The process of triboelectrification is experimentally analyzed for various initial-charge conditions using the proposed method and device. The triboelectrification process can be divided into two groups depending on the initial-charge conditions. For the specific initial conditions, termed Group 2 in this work, it is observed that the initial charge of one material is first released into the control volume, following which the two materials exchange charges, unlike in the conventional triboelectrification process. This study is expected to provide valuable insights into triboelectrification analysis, thereby advancing the multistage plastic-separation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongdeok Yoo
- Department of Electro-Mechanical Systems Engineering, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Gu Kang
- Institute of Science and Technology, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hong Kim
- Greenpol, 29 Baekja 1-gil, Susin-myeon, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31250, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehwa Jeong
- Department of Electro-Mechanical Systems Engineering, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City 30019, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Ruan X, Li S. Effect of electrostatic interaction on impact breakage of agglomerates formed by charged dielectric particles. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:034905. [PMID: 36266867 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.034905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the prototypical process of the normal impact of dense agglomerates is investigated using the discrete element method-boundary element method coupled simulations. The agglomerate consists of 50 charged particles with the surface energy equal to 10mJ/m^{2}. The particles are assumed to be tribocharged and follow an exponential charge distribution, while the varying levels of coupled polarization are also considered. Simulation results reveal that the presence of the electrostatic interactions due to particle charging and polarization could drive more pronounced re-agglomeration after the collision, which effectively reduces the degree of agglomerate fragmentation. Moreover, when quantifying the collision outcomes using the fragmentation ratio, the influence of the electrostatic force is most significant at a moderate incident velocity. This is because, at such incident velocities, the impact is violent enough to break the agglomerate, but many ejected fragments are usually at low velocities and are attracted back by the long-range electrostatic force. Furthermore, the electrostatic force between same-sign particles even becomes attractive when particles are strongly polarized, leading to qualitative changes in particle dynamics. Finally, by comparing the collision outcomes under different incident velocities, the contact interactions are found to prevail when particles are still bounded in the agglomerate, while the electrostatic interaction becomes dominant after particles detach from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ruan
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuiqing Li
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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7
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Wong WSY, Bista P, Li X, Veith L, Sharifi-Aghili A, Weber SAL, Butt HJ. Tuning the Charge of Sliding Water Drops. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6224-6230. [PMID: 35500291 PMCID: PMC9118544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
When a water drop slides over a hydrophobic surface, it usually acquires a positive charge and deposits the negative countercharge on the surface. Although the electrification of solid surfaces induced after contact with a liquid is intensively studied, the actual mechanisms of charge separation, so-termed slide electrification, are still unclear. Here, slide electrification is studied by measuring the charge of a series of water drops sliding down inclined glass plates. The glass was coated with hydrophobic (hydrocarbon/fluorocarbon) and amine-terminated silanes. On hydrophobic surfaces, drops charge positively while the surfaces charge negatively. Hydrophobic surfaces coated with a mono-amine (3-aminopropyltriethyoxysilane) lead to negatively charged drops and positively charged surfaces. When coated with a multiamine (N-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine), a gradual transition from positively to negatively charged drops is observed. We attribute this tunable drop charging to surface-directed ion transfer. Some of the protons accepted by the amine-functionalized surfaces (-NH2 with H+ acceptor) remain on the surface even after drop departure. These findings demonstrate the facile tunability of surface-controlled slide electrification.
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8
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Cheedarala RK, Song JI. Harvesting of flow current through implanted hydrophobic PTFE surface within silicone-pipe as liquid nanogenerator. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3700. [PMID: 35260622 PMCID: PMC8904805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Harvesting of flow current through implanted hydrophobic surface within silicone pipe as liquid nanogenerators where Tap water (TW), and DI water (DIw) as liquid reservoirs to successfully convert induced mechanical energy into electrical energy. Here, we used a commercial PTFE film for the generation of a hydrophobic surface as a source of mechanical energy. The surface roughness of the hydrophobic surface is confirmed using atomic force microscopy, and contact angle analyses. The generation of power through the interaction of TW and DI with inbuilt PTFE in silicone tube is described. The higher output voltage (Voc), and short circuit currents (Isc) were attained through an interaction of TW and DIw with N-PTFE. The lower Voc, and Isc's were produced when DI water interacts with N-PTFE electrode, whereas TW produced higher Voc and Isc's, respectively, due to a lack of free mobile ions in DIw than TW. The TW-Sh-TENG and DIw-Sh-TENG are produced the maximum peak-to-peak Voc, and Isc of 29.5 V and 17.4 V and 3.7 μA, and 2.9 μA, respectively. Significant power output enhancement of ~ 300% from TW-Sh-TENG from DIw-N-TENG due to the formation of higher surface roughness and lead to the slipping of water droplets by super-hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Cheedarala
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Research Institute of Mechatronics, Changwon National University, Changwon City, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Il Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Research Institute of Mechatronics, Changwon National University, Changwon City, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Sherrell PC, Sutka A, Shepelin NA, Lapcinskis L, Verners O, Germane L, Timusk M, Fenati RA, Malnieks K, Ellis AV. Probing Contact Electrification: A Cohesively Sticky Problem. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44935-44947. [PMID: 34498850 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Contact electrification and the triboelectric effect are complex processes for mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion, particularly for highly deformable polymers. While generating relatively low power density, contact electrification can occur at the contact-separation interface between nearly any two polymer surfaces. This ubiquitousness of surfaces enables contact electrification to be an important phenomenon to understand energy conversion and harvesting applications. The mechanism of charge generation between polymeric materials remains ambiguous, with electron transfer, material (also known as mass) transfer, and adsorbed chemical species transfer (including induced ionization of water and other molecules) all being proposed as the primary source of the measured charge. Often, all sources of charge, except electron transfer, are dismissed in the case of triboelectric energy harvesters, leading to the generation of the "triboelectric series", governed by the ability of a polymer to lose, or accept, an electron. Here, this sole focus on electron transfer is challenged through rigorous experiments, measuring charge density in polymer-polymer (196 polymer combinations), polymer-glass (14 polymers), and polymer-liquid metal (14 polymers) systems. Through the investigation of these interfaces, clear evidence of material transfer via heterolytic bond cleavage is provided. Based on these results, a generalized model considering the cohesive energy density of polymers as the critical parameter for polymer contact electrification is discussed. This discussion clearly shows that material transfer must be accounted for when discussing the source of charge generated by polymeric mechanical energy harvesters. Thus, a correlated physical property to understand the triboelectric series is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Sherrell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andris Sutka
- Research Laboratory of Functional Materials Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Nick A Shepelin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Linards Lapcinskis
- Research Laboratory of Functional Materials Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Technical Physics, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Osvalds Verners
- Research Laboratory of Functional Materials Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Liva Germane
- Institute of Technical Physics, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Martin Timusk
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi Street 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Renzo A Fenati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaspars Malnieks
- Research Laboratory of Functional Materials Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Amanda V Ellis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Pandey R, Ao CK, Lim W, Sun Y, Di X, Nakanishi H, Soh S. The Relationship between Static Charge and Shape. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:704-714. [PMID: 32490187 PMCID: PMC7256945 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The amount of charge of a material has always been regarded as a property (or state) of materials and can be measured precisely and specifically. This study describes for the first time a fundamental physical-chemical phenomenon in which the amount of charge of a material is actually a variable-it depends on the shape of the material. Materials are shown to have continuously variable and reversible ranges of charge states by changing their shapes. The phenomenon was general for different shapes, transformations, materials, atmospheric conditions, and methods of charging. The change in charge was probably due to a dynamic exchange of charge from the material to the surrounding atmosphere as the shape changed via the reversible ionization and deposition of air molecules. Similar changes in charge were observed for self-actuating materials that changed their shapes autonomously. This fundamental relationship between geometry and electrostatics via chemistry is important for the broad range of applications related to the charge of flexible materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh
K. Pandey
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science
and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Chi Kit Ao
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Weichun Lim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Yajuan Sun
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Xin Di
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Hideyuki Nakanishi
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science
and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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11
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Stetten AZ, Golovko DS, Weber SAL, Butt HJ. Slide electrification: charging of surfaces by moving water drops. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:8667-8679. [PMID: 31528956 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01348b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the charge separation caused by the motion of a water drop across a hydrophobic, insulating solid surface. Although the phenomenon of liquid charging has been consistently reported, these reports are primarily observational, results are difficult to reproduce, and no quantitative theory has been developed. In this work, we address both the experimental and theoretical sides of this problem. We reproducibly measure the charge gained by water drops sliding down a substrate, and we outline an analytical theory to describe this charging process. As an experimental system, we choose water drops moving down an inclined plane of glass hydrophobized with perfluoro octadecyltrichlorosilane (PFOTS). On this surface, sliding drops gain a positive charge. We observe charge saturation in three variables: increasing drop number, increasing interval between drops, and increasing drop-sliding length. These charge saturations indicate a limited "storage capacity" of the system, as well as a gradual discharging of the surface. To explain these results, we theorize that some fraction of the charge in the Debye layer is transferred to the surface rather than being neutralized as the drop passes. This fraction, or "transfer coefficient", is dependent on the electric potentials of surface and drop. All of our experimental charge saturation results can be interpreted based on the proposed theory. Given that nearly every surface in our lives comes in contact with water, this water-dependent surface charging may be a ubiquitous process that we can begin to understand through the proposed theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Z Stetten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Dmytro S Golovko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Stefan A L Weber
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany. and Department of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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12
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Kolehmainen J, Ceresiat L, Ozel A, Sundaresan S. 110th Anniversary: Effect of System Size on Boundary-Driven Contact Charging in Particulate Flows. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jari Kolehmainen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University,Princeton, New Jersey 08542, United States
| | - Lise Ceresiat
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Ozel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University,Princeton, New Jersey 08542, United States
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Sankaran Sundaresan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University,Princeton, New Jersey 08542, United States
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13
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14
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Lin S, Xu L, Zhu L, Chen X, Wang ZL. Electron Transfer in Nanoscale Contact Electrification: Photon Excitation Effect. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901418. [PMID: 31095783 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Contact electrification (CE) (or triboelectrification) is a well-known phenomenon, and the identity of the charge carriers and their transfer mechanism have been discussed for decades. Recently, the species of transferred charges in the CE between a metal and a ceramic was revealed as electron transfer and its subsequent release is dominated by the thermionic emission process. Here, the release of CE-induced electrostatic charges on a dielectric surface under photon excitation is studied by varying the light intensity and wavelength, but under no significant raise in temperature. The results suggest that there exists a threshold photon energy for releasing the triboelectric charges from the surface, which is 4.1 eV (light wavelength at 300 nm) for SiO2 and 3.4 eV (light wavelength at 360 nm) for PVC; photons with energy smaller than this cannot effectively excite the surface electrostatic charges. This process is attributed to the photoelectron emission of the charges trapped in the surface states of the dielectric material. Further, a photoelectron emission model is proposed to describe light-induced charge decay on a dielectric surface. The findings provide an additional strong evidence about the electron transfer process in the CE between metals and dielectrics as well as polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan Lin
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Laipan Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
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15
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Siek M, Adamkiewicz W, Sobolev YI, Grzybowski BA. The Influence of Distant Substrates on the Outcome of Contact Electrification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Siek
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter andDepartment of ChemistryUNIST 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun Ulsan South Korea
| | - Witold Adamkiewicz
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter andDepartment of ChemistryUNIST 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun Ulsan South Korea
| | - Yaroslav I. Sobolev
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter andDepartment of ChemistryUNIST 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun Ulsan South Korea
| | - Bartosz A. Grzybowski
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter andDepartment of ChemistryUNIST 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun Ulsan South Korea
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16
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Siek M, Adamkiewicz W, Sobolev YI, Grzybowski BA. The Influence of Distant Substrates on the Outcome of Contact Electrification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15379-15383. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Siek
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter andDepartment of ChemistryUNIST 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun Ulsan South Korea
| | - Witold Adamkiewicz
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter andDepartment of ChemistryUNIST 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun Ulsan South Korea
| | - Yaroslav I. Sobolev
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter andDepartment of ChemistryUNIST 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun Ulsan South Korea
| | - Bartosz A. Grzybowski
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter andDepartment of ChemistryUNIST 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun Ulsan South Korea
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17
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Surface functionalization of coal and quartz with aniline: A study on work function and frictional charge. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Pandey RK, Sun Y, Nakanishi H, Soh S. Reversible and Continuously Tunable Control of Charge of Close Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:6142-6147. [PMID: 29206045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces of almost all types of materials are often charged easily by contact electrification or deposition of ions; hence, surface charge is ubiquitous and has a vast range of influences in our lives and in industry. Since the 19th century, scientists have been measuring the charge of multiple materials collectively. The common expectation is that the total charge of multiple materials is equal to the sum of the charges of the individual materials. This study describes a previously unreported phenomenon in which the total charge of two insulating surfaces decreases when the surfaces are brought close to each other. The charge varies continuously and reversibly depending on the distance of separation between the surfaces. Experimental results derived from analyzing the movement of charge suggest that the changes are due to a rapid exchange of charge between the surfaces and their surrounding air. This change can be used to control the surface charge of the materials flexibly and reversibly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Pandey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yajuan Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Hideyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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19
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Shrestha BK, Mousa HM, Tiwari AP, Ko SW, Park CH, Kim CS. Development of polyamide-6,6/chitosan electrospun hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering application. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 148:107-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Mirkowska M, Kratzer M, Teichert C, Flachberger H. Principal Factors of Contact Charging of Minerals for a Successful Triboelectrostatic Separation Process – a Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00501-016-0515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Sun Y, Huang X, Soh S. Solid-to-Liquid Charge Transfer for Generating Droplets with Tunable Charge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
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22
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Sun Y, Huang X, Soh S. Solid-to-Liquid Charge Transfer for Generating Droplets with Tunable Charge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9956-60. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
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23
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Zhang X, Huang X, Kwok SW, Soh S. Designing Non-charging Surfaces from Non-conductive Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:3024-3029. [PMID: 26923196 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201506177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymers that prevent the generation of static charge by contact electrification can be fabricated by copolymerizing an appropriate proportion of a molecule that has the tendency to charge positively, and a molecule that has the tendency to charge negatively, against a reference material. These non-conductive polymers resist charging by contact or rubbing, and prevent the adhesion of microscopic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and BiomolecularEngineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Chemical and BiomolecularEngineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Sen Wai Kwok
- Department of Chemical and BiomolecularEngineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department of Chemical and BiomolecularEngineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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24
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Zhang L, Zhang B, Chen J, Jin L, Deng W, Tang J, Zhang H, Pan H, Zhu M, Yang W, Wang ZL. Lawn Structured Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Scavenging Sweeping Wind Energy on Rooftops. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1650-6. [PMID: 26669627 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is designed, based on flexible and transparent vertical-strip arrays, for environmental wind-energy harvesting. Given the low cost, simple structure, and wide applicability, the TENGs present a green alternative to traditional methods used for large-scale wind-energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Long Jin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Weili Deng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Junfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Minhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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25
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Goswami S, Nandy S, Calmeiro TR, Igreja R, Martins R, Fortunato E. Stress Induced Mechano-electrical Writing-Reading of Polymer Film Powered by Contact Electrification Mechanism. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19514. [PMID: 26786701 PMCID: PMC4726212 DOI: 10.1038/srep19514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechano-electrical writing and reading in polyaniline (PANI) thin film are demonstrated via metal-polymer contact electrification mechanism (CEM). An innovative conception for a non-destructive self-powered writable-readable data sheet is presented which can pave the way towards new type of stress induced current harvesting devices. A localized forced deformation of the interface has been enacted by pressing the atomic force microscopic probe against the polymer surface, allowing charge transfer between materials interfaces. The process yields a well-defined charge pattern by transmuting mechanical stress in to readable information. The average of output current increment has been influenced from 0.5 nA to 15 nA for the applied force of 2 nN to 14 nN instead of electrical bias. These results underscore the importance of stress-induced current harvesting mechanism and could be scaled up for charge patterning of polymer surface to writable-readable data sheet. Time evolutional current distribution (TECD) study of the stress-induced patterned PANI surface shows the response of readability of the recorded data with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Goswami
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Suman Nandy
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Tomás R Calmeiro
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rui Igreja
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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26
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Dong K, Zhang Q, Huang Z, Liao Z, Wang J, Yang Y, Wang F. Experimental investigation of electrostatic effect on particle motions in gas-solid fluidized beds. AIChE J 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kezeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhengliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zuwei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Jingdai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yongrong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
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27
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Sun Y, Huang X, Soh S. Using the gravitational energy of water to generate power by separation of charge at interfaces. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3347-3353. [PMID: 28706699 PMCID: PMC5490415 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00473j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
When a fluid comes into contact with a solid surface, charge separates at the interface. This study describes a method that harvests the gravitational energy of water-available in abundance naturally, such as in rain and rivers-through the separation of charge at the interface. Essentially, it is found that water can be charged by flowing it across a solid surface under its own weight; thus, a continuous flow of water can produce a constant supply of power. After optimizing the system, a power of up to ∼170 μW (per Teflon tube of 2 mm in diameter) can be generated. The efficiency, defined as the energy generated by the system over the gravitational energy that the water losses, can reach up to ∼3-4%. In order to generate a continuous stream of positively-charged water, there should also be a constant production of negatively-charged species in the system. Experimental results suggest that the negative charge transfers constantly to the atmosphere due to dielectric breakdown of air. With regards to applications related to high electrical potential of water droplets, the amount of charge generated in a single water droplet is found to be equivalent to that produced by charging the water droplet with a high-voltage power supply operated at ∼5 kV. In general, the energy generated is clean, renewable, and technically simple and inexpensive to produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 , Singapore .
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 , Singapore .
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 , Singapore .
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28
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Highly transparent triboelectric nanogenerator for harvesting water-related energy reinforced by antireflection coating. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9080. [PMID: 25765205 PMCID: PMC4357854 DOI: 10.1038/srep09080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-related energy is an inexhaustible and renewable energy resource in our environment, which has huge amount of energy and is not largely dictated by daytime and sunlight. The transparent characteristic plays a key role in practical applications for some devices designed for harvesting water-related energy. In this paper, a highly transparent triboelectric nanogenerator (T-TENG) was designed to harvest the electrostatic energy from flowing water. The instantaneous output power density of the T-TENG is 11.56 mW/m(2). Moreover, with the PTFE film acting as an antireflection coating, the maximum transmittance of the fabricated T-TENG is 87.4%, which is larger than that of individual glass substrate. The T-TENG can be integrated with silicon-based solar cell, building glass and car glass, which demonstrates its potential applications for harvesting waste water energy in our living environment and on smart home system and smart car system.
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29
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Wang S, Niu S, Yang J, Lin L, Wang ZL. Quantitative measurements of vibration amplitude using a contact-mode freestanding triboelectric nanogenerator. ACS NANO 2014; 8:12004-12013. [PMID: 25386799 DOI: 10.1021/nn5054365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A vibration sensor is usually designed to measure the vibration frequency but disregard the vibration amplitude, which is rather challenging to be quantified due to the requirement of linear response. Here, we show the application of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) as a self-powered tool for quantitative measurement of vibration amplitude based on an operation mode, the contact-mode freestanding triboelectric nanogenerator (CF-TENG). In this mode, the triboelectrically charged resonator can be agitated to vibrate between two stacked stationary electrodes. Under the working principle with a constant capacitance between two electrodes, the amplitudes of the electric signals are proportional to the vibration amplitude of the resonator (provided that the resonator plate is charged to saturation), which has been illuminated both theoretically and experimentally. Together with its capability in monitoring the vibration frequency, the CF-TENG appears as the triboelectrification-based active sensor that can give full quantitative information about a vibration. In addition, the CF-TENG is also demonstrated as a power source for electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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30
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Soh S, Liu H, Cademartiri R, Yoon HJ, Whitesides GM. Charging of multiple interacting particles by contact electrification. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13348-54. [PMID: 25171262 DOI: 10.1021/ja506830p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many processes involve the movement of a disordered collection of small particles (e.g., powders, grain, dust, and granular foods). These particles move chaotically, interact randomly among themselves, and gain electrical charge by contact electrification. Understanding the mechanisms of contact electrification of multiple interacting particles has been challenging, in part due to the complex movement and interactions of the particles. To examine the processes contributing to contact electrification at the level of single particles, a system was constructed in which an array of millimeter-sized polymeric beads of different materials were agitated on a dish. The dish was filled almost completely with beads, such that beads did not exchange positions. At the same time, during agitation, there was sufficient space for collisions with neighboring beads. The charge of the beads was measured individually after agitation. Results of systematic variations in the organization and composition of the interacting beads showed that three mechanisms determined the steady-state charge of the beads: (i) contact electrification (charging of beads of different materials), (ii) contact de-electrification (discharging of beads of the same charge polarity to the atmosphere), and (iii) a long-range influence across beads not in contact with one another (occurring, plausibly, by diffusion of charge from a bead with a higher charge to a bead with a lower charge of the same polarity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siowling Soh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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31
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Ghori MU, Supuk E, Conway BR. Tribo-electric charging and adhesion of cellulose ethers and their mixtures with flurbiprofen. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 65:1-8. [PMID: 25193137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The pervasiveness of tribo-electric charge during pharmaceutical processing can lead to the exacerbation of a range of problems including segregation, content heterogeneity and particle surface adhesion. The excipients, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and methylcellulose (MC), are often used in drug delivery systems and so it is important to understand the impact of associated factors on their charging and adhesion mechanisms, however, little work has been reported in this area. Such phenomena become more prominent when excipients are introduced to a powder mixture alongside the active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) (APIs) with inter- and intra-particulate interactions giving rise to electrification and surface adhesion of powder particles. The aim of this study was to understand the impact of material attributes (particle size, hydroxypropyl (Hpo) to methoxyl (Meo) ratio and molecular size) on the charging and adhesion characteristics of cellulose ethers. Furthermore, a poorly compactible and highly electrostatically charged drug, flurbiprofen, was used to develop binary powder mixtures having different polymer to drug ratios and the relationship between tribo-electric charging and surface adhesion was studied. Charge was induced on powder particles and measured using a custom built device based on a shaking concept, consisting of a Faraday cup connected to an electrometer. The diversity in physicochemical properties has shown a significant impact on the tribo-electric charging and adhesion behaviour of MC and HPMC. Moreover, the adhesion and electrostatic charge of the API was significantly reduced when MC and HPMC were incorporated and tribo-electric charging showed a linear relationship (R(2)=0.81-0.98) with particle surface adhesion, however, other factors were also involved. It is anticipated that such a reduction in charge and particle surface adhesion would improve flow and compaction properties during processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad U Ghori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Enes Supuk
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara R Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, United Kingdom.
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32
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Zhu G, Zhou YS, Bai P, Meng XS, Jing Q, Chen J, Wang ZL. A shape-adaptive thin-film-based approach for 50% high-efficiency energy generation through micro-grating sliding electrification. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:3788-96. [PMID: 24692147 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Effectively harvesting ambient mechanical energy is the key for realizing self-powered and autonomous electronics, which addresses limitations of batteries and thus has tremendous applications in sensor networks, wireless devices, and wearable/implantable electronics, etc. Here, a thin-film-based micro-grating triboelectric nanogenerator (MG-TENG) is developed for high-efficiency power generation through conversion of mechanical energy. The shape-adaptive MG-TENG relies on sliding electrification between complementary micro-sized arrays of linear grating, which offers a unique and straightforward solution in harnessing energy from relative sliding motion between surfaces. Operating at a sliding velocity of 10 m/s, a MG-TENG of 60 cm(2) in overall area, 0.2 cm(3) in volume and 0.6 g in weight can deliver an average output power of 3 W (power density of 50 mW cm(-2) and 15 W cm(-3)) at an overall conversion efficiency of ∼ 50%, making it a sufficient power supply to regular electronics, such as light bulbs. The scalable and cost-effective MG-TENG is practically applicable in not only harvesting various mechanical motions but also possibly power generation at a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Materials Science an Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Yang W, Chen J, Wen X, Jing Q, Yang J, Su Y, Zhu G, Wu W, Wang ZL. Triboelectrification based motion sensor for human-machine interfacing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:7479-84. [PMID: 24779702 DOI: 10.1021/am500864t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present triboelectrification based, flexible, reusable, and skin-friendly dry biopotential electrode arrays as motion sensors for tracking muscle motion and human-machine interfacing (HMI). The independently addressable, self-powered sensor arrays have been utilized to record the electric output signals as a mapping figure to accurately identify the degrees of freedom as well as directions and magnitude of muscle motions. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique was employed to analyse the frequency spectra of the obtained electric signals and thus to determine the motion angular velocities. Moreover, the motion sensor arrays produced a short-circuit current density up to 10.71 mA/m(2), and an open-circuit voltage as high as 42.6 V with a remarkable signal-to-noise ratio up to 1000, which enables the devices as sensors to accurately record and transform the motions of the human joints, such as elbow, knee, heel, and even fingers, and thus renders it a superior and unique invention in the field of HMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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Yang W, Chen J, Zhu G, Yang J, Bai P, Su Y, Jing Q, Cao X, Wang ZL. Harvesting energy from the natural vibration of human walking. ACS NANO 2013; 7:11317-11324. [PMID: 24180642 DOI: 10.1021/nn405175z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), a unique technology for harvesting ambient mechanical energy based on the triboelectric effect, has been proven to be a cost-effective, simple, and robust approach for self-powered systems. However, a general challenge is that the output current is usually low. Here, we demonstrated a rationally designed TENG with integrated rhombic gridding, which greatly improved the total current output owing to the structurally multiplied unit cells connected in parallel. With the hybridization of both the contact-separation mode and sliding electrification mode among nanowire arrays and nanopores fabricated onto the surfaces of two contact plates, the newly designed TENG produces an open-circuit voltage up to 428 V, and a short-circuit current of 1.395 mA with the peak power density of 30.7 W/m(2). Relying on the TENG, a self-powered backpack was developed with a vibration-to-electric energy conversion efficiency up to 10.62(±1.19) %. And it was also demonstrated as a direct power source for instantaneously lighting 40 commercial light-emitting diodes by harvesting the vibration energy from natural human walking. The newly designed TENG can be a mobile power source for field engineers, explorers, and disaster-relief workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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Izadi H, Penlidis A. Polymeric Bio-Inspired Dry Adhesives: Van der Waals or Electrostatic Interactions? MACROMOL REACT ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201300146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Izadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute for Polymer Research (IPR), University of Waterloo; Waterloo ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Alexander Penlidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute for Polymer Research (IPR), University of Waterloo; Waterloo ON, Canada N2L 3G1
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Persson BNJ, Scaraggi M, Volokitin AI, Chaudhury MK. Contact electrification and the work of adhesion. EPL (EUROPHYSICS LETTERS) 2013; 103:36003. [DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/103/36003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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Bai P, Zhu G, Liu Y, Chen J, Jing Q, Yang W, Ma J, Zhang G, Wang ZL. Cylindrical rotating triboelectric nanogenerator. ACS NANO 2013; 7:6361-6. [PMID: 23799926 DOI: 10.1021/nn402491y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a cylindrical rotating triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on sliding electrification for harvesting mechanical energy from rotational motion. The rotating TENG is based on a core-shell structure that is made of distinctly different triboelectric materials with alternative strip structures on the surface. The charge transfer is strengthened with the formation of polymer nanoparticles on surfaces. During coaxial rotation, a contact-induced electrification and the relative sliding between the contact surfaces of the core and the shell result in an "in-plane" lateral polarization, which drives the flow of electrons in the external load. A power density of 36.9 W/m(2) (short-circuit current of 90 μA and open-circuit voltage of 410 V) has been achieved by a rotating TENG with 8 strip units at a linear rotational velocity of 1.33 m/s (a rotation rate of 1000 r/min). The output can be further enhanced by integrating more strip units and/or applying larger linear rotational velocity. This rotating TENG can be used as a direct power source to drive small electronics, such as LED bulbs. This study proves the possibility to harvest mechanical energy by TENGs from rotational motion, demonstrating its potential for harvesting the flow energy of air or water for applications such as self-powered environmental sensors and wildlife tracking devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, USA
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Zhu G, Chen J, Liu Y, Bai P, Zhou YS, Jing Q, Pan C, Wang ZL. Linear-grating triboelectric generator based on sliding electrification. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:2282-9. [PMID: 23577639 DOI: 10.1021/nl4008985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The triboelectric effect is known for many centuries and it is the cause of many charging phenomena. However, it has not been utilized for energy harvesting until very recently. (1-5) Here we developed a new principle of triboelectric generator (TEG) based on a fully contacted, sliding electrification process, which lays a fundamentally new mechanism for designing universal, high-performance TEGs to harvest diverse forms of mechanical energy in our daily life. Relative displacement between two sliding surfaces of opposite triboelectric polarities generates uncompensated surface triboelectric charges; the corresponding polarization created a voltage drop that results in a flow of induced electrons between electrodes. Grating of linear rows on the sliding surfaces enables substantial enhancements of total charges, output current, and current frequency. The TEG was demonstrated to be an efficient power source for simultaneously driving a number of small electronics. The principle established in this work can be applied to TEGs of different configurations that accommodate the needs of harvesting energy and/or sensing from diverse mechanical motions, such as contacted sliding, lateral translation, and rotation/rolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, USA
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