1
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Sherborne GJ, Diène C, Kemmitt P, Smith AD. Access to a Diverse Array of Bridged Benzo[1,5]oxazocine and Benzo[1,4]diazepine Structures. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37996078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of bridged benzo[1,5]oxazocines and benzo[1,4]diazepines is demonstrated from simple aniline and aldehyde starting materials. A one-pot condensation/6π electrocyclization is followed by an intramolecular trapping of the 2,3-dihydroquinoline intermediate by nitrogen or oxygen nucleophiles to give bridged seven- and eight-membered products. Using 3-hydroxypyridinecarboxaldehydes results in a stable zwitterionic structure that can undergo a diastereoselective reduction under hydrogenative conditions. A similar cyclization/hydrogenation pathway with excellent diastereoselectivity is also demonstrated from 2-pyridyl-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant J Sherborne
- Medicinal Chemistry Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development, AstraZeneca, The Discovery Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K
| | - Coura Diène
- Medicinal Chemistry Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development, AstraZeneca, The Discovery Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K
| | - Paul Kemmitt
- Medicinal Chemistry Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development, AstraZeneca, The Discovery Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
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2
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Hudson L, Mason JW, Westphal MV, Richter MJR, Thielman JR, Hua BK, Gerry CJ, Xia G, Osswald HL, Knapp JM, Tan ZY, Kokkonda P, Tresco BIC, Liu S, Reidenbach AG, Lim KS, Poirier J, Capece J, Bonazzi S, Gampe CM, Smith NJ, Bradner JE, Coley CW, Clemons PA, Melillo B, Hon CSY, Ottl J, Dumelin CE, Schaefer JV, Faust AME, Berst F, Schreiber SL, Zécri FJ, Briner K. Diversity-oriented synthesis encoded by deoxyoligonucleotides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4930. [PMID: 37582753 PMCID: PMC10427684 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) is a powerful strategy to prepare molecules with underrepresented features in commercial screening collections, resulting in the elucidation of novel biological mechanisms. In parallel to the development of DOS, DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) have emerged as an effective, efficient screening strategy to identify protein binders. Despite recent advancements in this field, most DEL syntheses are limited by the presence of sensitive DNA-based constructs. Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and validation experiments performed for a 3.7 million-member DEL, generated using diverse skeleton architectures with varying exit vectors and derived from DOS, to achieve structural diversity beyond what is possible by varying appendages alone. We also show screening results for three diverse protein targets. We will make this DEL available to the academic scientific community to increase access to novel structural features and accelerate early-phase drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Hudson
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeremy W Mason
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthias V Westphal
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthieu J R Richter
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jonathan R Thielman
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bruce K Hua
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Christopher J Gerry
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Guoqin Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Heather L Osswald
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - John M Knapp
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Zher Yin Tan
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Praveen Kokkonda
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ben I C Tresco
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Andrew G Reidenbach
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Katherine S Lim
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jennifer Poirier
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - John Capece
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Simone Bonazzi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Christian M Gampe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nichola J Smith
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Connor W Coley
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Paul A Clemons
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bruno Melillo
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - C Suk-Yee Hon
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Johannes Ottl
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph E Dumelin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ann Marie E Faust
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Frédéric Berst
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Frédéric J Zécri
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Karin Briner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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3
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Bagka M, Choi H, Héritier M, Schwaemmle H, Pasquer QTL, Braun SMG, Scapozza L, Wu Y, Hoogendoorn S. Targeted protein degradation reveals BET bromodomains as the cellular target of Hedgehog pathway inhibitor-1. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3893. [PMID: 37393376 PMCID: PMC10314895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Target deconvolution of small molecule hits from phenotypic screens presents a major challenge. Many screens have been conducted to find inhibitors for the Hedgehog signaling pathway - a developmental pathway with many implications in health and disease - yielding many hits but only few identified cellular targets. We here present a strategy for target identification based on Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs), combined with label-free quantitative proteomics. We develop a PROTAC based on Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitor-1 (HPI-1), a phenotypic screen hit with unknown cellular target. Using this Hedgehog Pathway PROTAC (HPP) we identify and validate BET bromodomains as the cellular targets of HPI-1. Furthermore, we find that HPP-9 is a long-acting Hedgehog pathway inhibitor through prolonged BET bromodomain degradation. Collectively, we provide a powerful PROTAC-based approach for target deconvolution, that answers the longstanding question of the cellular target of HPI-1 and yields a PROTAC that acts on the Hedgehog pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meropi Bagka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hyeonyi Choi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margaux Héritier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Schwaemmle
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Quentin T L Pasquer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simon M G Braun
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yibo Wu
- Chemical Biology Mass Spectrometry Platform (CHEMBIOMS), Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Hoogendoorn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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4
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Gataullin RR. Halolactonization of N-Acyl-N-(2-cyclohex-1-en-1-yl-6-methylphenyl)glycines: Towards Production of 4,1-Benzoxazoheterocycles. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
AbstractA significant influence of the nature of the acyl substituent at the nitrogen atom on the direction of the reaction in the interaction of N-acyl-N-(2-cyclohex-1-en-1-yl-6-methylphenyl)glycines with bromine was found. In the case of the N-benzoyl derivative, along with benzoxazocinone, which is formed through the stages of pseudoallyl halogenation and subsequent lactonization due to the replacement of the bromine atom by the oxygen atom of the carboxyl group, a mixture of axially chiral isomers of spiro-fused 2′-bromocyclohexane-benzoxazepin-3-ones was also obtained. The aR*,R*,R*-isomer of benzoxazepinone, which initially is four times predominant in the reaction mixture, upon dissolution in deuterochloroform, slowly transforms into aS*-conformer until a ratio of 2:1 is established. In the case of the N-acetyl analogue of this glycine, the only heterocycle is the product of 7-exo-halogenlactonization, the benzoxazepinone spiro-fused with 2′-bromocyclohexane and an undetermined configuration of the axial chirality.
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5
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Gataullin RR. The first synthesis of benzo[e]cycloalk[g]oxazocinone atropisomers via lactonization of N-mesyl- or N-arylsulfonyl-N-[2-(1-cycloalken-1-yl)-6-methylphenyl]glycines. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Liu W, Ge X, Zhou Z, Jiang D, Rong Y, Wang J, Ji C, Fan J, Yin G, Cai W. Deubiquitinase USP18 regulates reactive astrogliosis by stabilizing SOX9. Glia 2021; 69:1782-1798. [PMID: 33694203 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis is a pathological feature of spinal cord injury (SCI). The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a crucial role in maintaining protein homeostasis and has been widely studied in neuroscience. Little, however, is known about the underlying function of deubiquitinating enzymes in reactive astrogliosis following SCI. Here, we found that ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) was significantly upregulated in astrocytes following scratch injury, and in the injured spinal cord in mice. Knockdown of USP18 in vitro and conditional knockout of USP18 in astrocytes (USP18 CKO) in vivo significantly attenuated reactive astrogliosis. In mice, this led to widespread inflammation and poor functional recovery following SCI. In contrast, overexpression of USP18 in mice injected with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-USP18 had beneficial effects following SCI. We showed that USP18 binds, deubiquitinates, and thus, stabilizes SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), thereby regulating reactive astrogliosis. We also showed that the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway induces expression of USP18 through Gli2-mediated transcriptional activation after SCI. Administration of the Hh pathway activator SAG significantly increased reactive astrogliosis, reduced lesion area and promoted functional recovery in mice following SCI. Our results demonstrate that USP18 positively regulates reactive astrogliosis by stabilizing SOX9 and identify USP18 as a promising target for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuhui Ge
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongdong Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuluo Rong
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengyue Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihua Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Medulloblastoma drugs in development: Current leads, trials and drawbacks. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113268. [PMID: 33636537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Current treatment for MB includes surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite significant progress in its management, a portion of children relapse and tumor recurrence carries a poor prognosis. Based on their molecular and clinical characteristics, MB patients are clinically classified into four groups: Wnt, Hh, Group 3, and Group 4. With our increased understanding of relevant molecular pathways disrupted in MB, the development of targeted therapies for MB has also increased. Targeted drugs have shown unique privileges over traditional cytotoxic therapies in balancing efficacy and toxicity, with many of them approved and widely used clinically. The aim of this review is to present the recent progress on targeted chemotherapies for the treatment of all classes of MB.
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8
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Kurouchi H, Ohwada T. Synthesis of Medium-Ring-Sized Benzolactams by Using Strong Electrophiles and Quantitative Evaluation of Ring-Size Dependency of the Cyclization Reaction Rate. J Org Chem 2020; 85:876-901. [PMID: 31800245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Benzolactams with medium-sized rings were synthesized via the electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction of carbamoyl cations (R1R2N+═C═O) in good to high yields without dilution. These reactions were utilized to quantitatively examine the extent of retardation of medium-sized ring formation, compared to five- or six-membered ring formation. The order of reaction rates of formation of cyclic benzolactams is six- > five- > seven- > eight- > nine-membered ring at 25 °C. The present reaction provides a route to eight- and nine-membered benzolactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kurouchi
- Research Foundation Itsuu Laboratory , C1232, Kanagawa Science Park R&D Building, 3-2-1 Sakado , Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki , Kanagawa 213-0012 , Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohwada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
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9
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Zhu M, Wang H, Wang C, Fang Y, Zhu T, Zhao W, Dong X, Zhang X. L-4, a Well-Tolerated and Orally Active Inhibitor of Hedgehog Pathway, Exhibited Potent Anti-tumor Effects Against Medulloblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:89. [PMID: 30846937 PMCID: PMC6393386 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of aberrant Hedgehog (Hh) pathway had been proved to be a promising therapeutic intervention in cancers like basal cell carcinoma (BCC), medulloblastoma (MB), and so on. Two drugs (Vismodegib, Sonidegib) were approved to treat BCC and more inhibitors are in clinical investigation. However, the adverse effects and drug resistance restricted the use of Hh inhibitors. In the present study, 61 synthesized compounds containing central backbone of phthalazine or dimethylpyridazine were screened as candidates of new Hh signaling inhibitors by performing dual luciferase reporter assay. Among the compounds, L-4 exhibited an IC50 value of 2.33 nM in the Shh-Light II assay. L-4 strongly inhibited the Hh pathway in vitro and blocked the Hh pathway by antagonizing the smoothened receptor (Smo). Remarkably, L-4 could significantly suppress the Hh pathway activity provoked by Smo mutant (D473H) which showed strong resistant properties to existing drugs such as Vismodegib. Orally administered L-4 exhibited prominent dose-dependent anti-tumor efficacy in vivo in Ptch+/-; p53-/- MB allograft model. Furthermore, L-4 showed good tolerance in acute toxicity test using ICR mice. These evidences indicated that L-4 was a potent, well-tolerated, orally active inhibitor of Hedgehog pathway, and might be a promising candidate in development of Hh-targeted anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfen Fang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongwen Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Bariwal J, Kumar V, Dong Y, Mahato RI. Design of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors for cancer treatment. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:1137-1204. [PMID: 30484872 DOI: 10.1002/med.21555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is involved in the initiation and progression of various cancers and is essential for embryonic and postnatal development. This pathway remains in the quiescent state in adult tissues but gets activated upon inflammation and injuries. Inhibition of Hh signaling pathway using natural and synthetic compounds has provided an attractive approach for treating cancer and inflammatory diseases. While the majority of Hh pathway inhibitors target the transmembrane protein Smoothened (SMO), some small molecules that target the signaling cascade downstream of SMO are of particular interest. Substantial efforts are being made to develop new molecules targeting various components of the Hh signaling pathway. Here, we have discussed the discovery of small molecules as Hh inhibitors from the diverse chemical background. Also, some of the recently identified natural products have been included as a separate section. Extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) of each chemical class is the focus of this review. Also, clinically advanced molecules are discussed from the last 5 to 7 years. Nanomedicine-based delivery approaches for Hh pathway inhibitors are also discussed concisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Bariwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Yuxiang Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ram I Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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11
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Guney T, Wenderski TA, Boudreau MW, Tan DS. Synthesis of Benzannulated Medium-ring Lactams via a Tandem Oxidative Dearomatization-Ring Expansion Reaction. Chemistry 2018; 24:13150-13157. [PMID: 29936701 PMCID: PMC6242278 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Medium-ring natural products exhibit diverse biological activities but such scaffolds are underrepresented in probe and drug discovery efforts due to the limitations of classical macrocyclization reactions. We report herein a tandem oxidative dearomatization-ring-expanding rearomatization (ODRE) reaction that generates benzannulated medium-ring lactams directly from simple bicyclic substrates. The reaction accommodates diverse aryl substrates (haloarenes, aryl ethers, aryl amides, heterocycles) and strategic incorporation of a bridgehead alcohol generates a versatile ketone moiety in the products amenable to downstream modifications. Cheminformatic analysis indicates that these medium rings access regions of chemical space that overlap with related natural products and are distinct from synthetic drugs, setting the stage for their use in discovery screening against novel biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tezcan Guney
- Dr. T. Guney, Dr. T. A. W enderski, Prof. Dr. D. S. Tan,
Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 422, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Todd A. Wenderski
- Dr. T. Guney, Dr. T. A. W enderski, Prof. Dr. D. S. Tan,
Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 422, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Matthew W. Boudreau
- M. W. Boudreau, Gerstner Sloan Kettering Summer
Undergraduate Research Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York
Avenue, Box 422, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Derek S. Tan
- Dr. T. Guney, Dr. T. A. W enderski, Prof. Dr. D. S. Tan,
Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 422, New York, New York, 10065, USA
- Prof. Dr. D. S. Tan, Tri-Institutional Research Program,
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 422, New York, New
York, 10065, USA
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12
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Gerry CJ, Schreiber SL. Chemical probes and drug leads from advances in synthetic planning and methodology. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018; 17:333-352. [PMID: 29651105 PMCID: PMC6707071 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2018.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Screening of small-molecule libraries is a productive method for identifying both chemical probes of disease-related targets and potential starting points for drug discovery. In this article, we focus on strategies such as diversity-oriented synthesis that aim to explore novel areas of chemical space efficiently by populating small-molecule libraries with compounds containing structural features that are typically under-represented in commercially available screening collections. Drawing from more than a decade's worth of examples, we highlight how the design and synthesis of such libraries have been enabled by modern synthetic chemistry, and we illustrate the impact of the resultant chemical probes and drug leads in a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Gerry
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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13
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Helgren TR, Xu LL, Sotelo D, Mehta YR, Korkmaz MA, Pavlinov I, Aldrich LN. Microwave‐Assisted, Asymmetric Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐2,3‐Dihydrobenzofuran Flavonoid Derivatives from Chalcones. Chemistry 2018; 24:4509-4514. [PMID: 29446184 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Travis R. Helgren
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Lianyan L. Xu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Daniel Sotelo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Yash R. Mehta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Melissa A. Korkmaz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Ivan Pavlinov
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Leslie N. Aldrich
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60607 USA
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14
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Xin M, Ji X, De La Cruz LK, Thareja S, Wang B. Strategies to target the Hedgehog signaling pathway for cancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:870-913. [PMID: 29315702 DOI: 10.1002/med.21482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is an essential pathway in the human body, and plays a major role in embryo development and tissue patterning. Constitutive activation of the Hh signaling pathway through sporadic mutations or other mechanisms is explicitly associated with cancer development and progression in various solid malignancies. Therefore, targeted inhibition of the Hh signaling pathway has emerged as an attractive and validated therapeutic strategy for the treatment of a wide range of cancers. Vismodegib, a first-in-class Hh signaling pathway inhibitor was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2012, and sonidegib, another potent Hh pathway inhibitor, received FDA's approval in 2015 as a new treatment of locally advanced or metastatic basal cell carcinoma. The clinical success of vismodegib and sonidegib provided strong support for the development of Hh signaling pathway inhibitors via targeting the smoothened (Smo) receptor. Moreover, Hh signaling pathway inhibitors aimed to target proteins, which are downstream or upstream of Smo, have also been pursued based on the identification of additional therapeutic benefits. Recently, much progress has been made in Hh singling and inhibitors of this pathway. Herein, medicinal chemistry strategies, especially the structural optimization process of different classes of Hh inhibitors, are comprehensively summarized. Further therapeutic potentials and challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhang Xin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xinyue Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ladie Kimberly De La Cruz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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15
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A cell based, high throughput assay for quantitative analysis of Hedgehog pathway activation using a Smoothened activation sensor. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14341. [PMID: 29085027 PMCID: PMC5662767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signalling cascade plays an important role in development and disease. In the absence of Hh ligand, activity of the key signal transducer Smoothened (Smo) is downregulated by the Hh receptor Patched (Ptc). However, the mechanisms underlying this inhibition, and especially its release upon ligand stimulation, are still poorly understood, in part because tools for following Smo activation at the subcellular level were long lacking. To address this deficit we have developed a high throughput cell culture assay based on a fluorescent sensor for Drosophila Smo activation. We have screened a small molecule inhibitor library, and observed increased Smo sensor fluorescence with compounds aimed at two major target groups, the MAPK signalling cascade and polo and aurora kinases. Biochemical validation for selected inhibitors (dobrafenib, tak-733, volasertib) confirmed the screen results and revealed differences in the mode of Smo activation. Furthermore, monitoring Smo activation at the single cell level indicated that individual cells exhibit different threshold responses to Hh stimulation, which may be mechanistically relevant for the formation of graded Hh responses. Together, these results thus provide proof of principle that our assay may become a valuable tool for dissecting the cell biological basis of Hh pathway activation.
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16
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Liu G, Huang W, Wang J, Liu X, Yang J, Zhang Y, Geng Y, Tan W, Zhang A. Discovery of Novel Macrocyclic Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors Acting by Suppressing the Gli-Mediated Transcription. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8218-8245. [PMID: 28873303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A systemic medicinal chemistry campaign was conducted based on a literature hit compound 5 bearing the 4,5-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,5]oxazocin-6(3H)-one core through cyclization of two side substituents of the bicyclic skeleton combined with N-atom walking or ring walking and the central ring expansion or extraction approaches, leading to several series of structurally unique tricyclic compounds. Among these, compound 29a was identified as the most potent against the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway showing an IC50 value of 23 nM. Mechanism studies indicated that compound 29a inhibited the Hh signaling pathway by suppressing the expression of the transcriptional factors Gli rather than by interrupting the binding of Gli with DNA. We further observed that 29a was equally potent against both Smo wild type and the two major resistant mutants (Smo D473H and Smo W535L). It potently inhibited the proliferation of medulloblastoma cells and showed significant tumor growth inhibition in the ptch± ;p53-/- medulloblastoma allograft mice model. Though more studies are needed to clarify the precise interaction pattern of 29a with Gli, its promising in vitro and in vivo properties encourage further profiling as a new-generation Hh signaling inhibitor to treat tumors primarily or secondarily resistant to current Smo inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM) , Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM) , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yong Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM) , Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenfu Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM) , Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Effiom OA, Ogundana OM, Akinshipo AO, Akintoye SO. Ameloblastoma: current etiopathological concepts and management. Oral Dis 2017; 24:307-316. [PMID: 28142213 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin. It is locally aggressive with unlimited growth capacity and has a high potential for malignant transformation as well as metastasis. Ameloblastoma has no established preventive measures although majority of patients are between ages 30 and 60 years. Molecular and genetic factors that promote oncogenic transformation of odontogenic epithelium to ameloblastoma are strongly linked to dysregulation of multiple genes associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase, sonic hedgehog, and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways. Treatment of ameloblastoma is focused on surgical resection with a wide margin of normal tissue because of its high propensity for locoregional invasion; but this is often associated with significant patient morbidity. The relatively high recurrence rate of ameloblastoma is influenced by the type of molecular etiological factors, the management approach, and how early the patient presents for treatment. It is expected that further elucidation of molecular factors that orchestrate pathogenesis and recurrence of ameloblastoma will lead to new diagnostic markers and targeted drug therapies for ameloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Effiom
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology/Biology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O M Ogundana
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology/Biology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A O Akinshipo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology/Biology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - S O Akintoye
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Targeting the hedgehog signaling pathway for cardiac repair and regeneration. Herz 2016; 42:662-668. [PMID: 27878328 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-016-4500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is involved in the angiogenesis and development of the coronary vasculature in the embryonic heart. Recently, the Hh signal pathway has emerged as an important regulator that can increase cardiomyocyte proliferation, inhibit cardiomyocyte death and apoptosis, recruit endothelial progenitor cell (EPCs) into sites of myocardial ischemia, and direct stem cells to differentiate into cardiac muscle lineage. Experimental studies have tried to target the Hh signaling pathway for cardiac repair and regeneration. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of the Hh signal pathway in cardiac repair and regeneration as well as the current strategies targeting the Hh signaling pathway and its potential in heart diseases.
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19
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Garcia A, Drown BS, Hergenrother PJ. Access to a Structurally Complex Compound Collection via Ring Distortion of the Alkaloid Sinomenine. Org Lett 2016; 18:4852-4855. [PMID: 27650404 PMCID: PMC5479067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many compound collections used in high-throughput screening are composed of members whose structural complexity is considerably lower than that of natural products. We previously reported a strategy for the synthesis of complex and diverse small molecules from natural products using ring-distortion reactions, called complexity-to-diversity (CtD), and herein, CtD is applied in the synthesis of 16 diverse scaffolds and 65 total compounds from the alkaloid natural product sinomenine. Chemoinformatic analysis shows that these compounds possess complex ring systems and marked three-dimensionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Garcia
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Bryon S. Drown
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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20
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Maschinot CA, Pace JR, Hadden MK. Synthetic Small Molecule Inhibitors of Hh Signaling As Anti-Cancer Chemotherapeutics. Curr Med Chem 2016; 22:4033-57. [PMID: 26310919 DOI: 10.2174/0929867322666150827093904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a developmental signaling pathway that is essential to the proper embryonic development of many vertebrate systems. Dysregulation of Hh signaling has been implicated as a causative factor in the development and progression of several forms of human cancer. As such, the development of small molecule inhibitors of Hh signaling as potential anti-cancer chemotherapeutics has been a major area of research interest in both academics and industry over the past ten years. Through these efforts, synthetic small molecules that target multiple components of the Hh pathway have been identified and advanced to preclinical or clinical development. The goal of this review is to provide an update on the current status of several synthetic small molecule Hh pathway inhibitors and explore the potential of several recently disclosed inhibitory scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M K Hadden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Rd, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA.
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21
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Wu C, Cheng J, Hu S, Deng R, Muangu YW, Shi L, Wu K, Zhang P, Chang W, Wang G, Tao K. Reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis of the SGC‑7901 gastric cancer cell line on exposure to GDC‑0449. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1434-40. [PMID: 26676867 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is known to be vital in embryonic development and cancer propagation due to its irreplaceable role in cell proliferation and differentiation. GDC‑0449, a basal cell skin cancer target drug approved by the Food and Drugs Administration, is a smoothened (Smo)-specific antagonist. Although it has been clinically verified as a valid drug for the treatment of skin and pancreatic cancer, the application of GDC‑0449 in gastric cancer requires further investigation. In the present study, high-glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 10% fetal bovine serum was used for routine SGC‑7901 cell line culture. A Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay was employed for determination of the reproductive rate of the cells. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the apoptosis status of the SGC‑7901 cell line through Q4 analysis. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses were used as target molecule detection vehicles. As expected, GDC‑0449 reduced the expression levels of Shh‑associated molecules, including Smo and gli1, compared with the blank group. The rate of cell proliferation was markedly limited and was accompanied by an increase in the apoptotic rate following GDC‑0449 exposure. In addition, further investigations confirmed B cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2) as the downstream molecular mechanism of GDC‑0449 efficacy. Of note, representatives of the cancer stem cell (CSC) surface marker, CD44 and CD133, demonstrated a similar trend to the Smo restriction observed. By repressing the expression of Bcl‑2, GDC‑0449 inhibited the normal proliferation of SGC‑7901 cells, and accelerated the apoptotic rate of the cells. It may also alter CSC properties due to the reduction in the expression of surface markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqing Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shaobo Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Rui Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yamba Willy Muangu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Weilong Chang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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22
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Lubinsky M. Sonic Hedgehog, VACTERL, and Fanconi anemia: Pathogenetic connections and therapeutic implications. Am J Med Genet A 2015. [PMID: 26198446 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Three systems with VACTERL association findings- mutations of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway in mice, murine adriamycin teratogenicity, and human Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway mutations, may all involve a similar mechanism. SHH is up-regulated in irradiated cells, and DNA breaks common with radiation damage in the adriamycin and FA systems are plausible signals for such effects, which would affect development. Since FA related DNA breakage occurs throughout life, SHH disturbances may account for later FA related findings involving hematopoietic and malignancy issues. In support, androgen, a standard treatment for FA hematologic failure, down-regulates SHH, and common FA malignancies such as squamous cell carcinomas and acute myeloid leukemia have been linked to enhanced SHH function. This suggests that interventions lowering SHH levels may be useful therapeutically. Also supporting a connection between pre- and post- natal findings, the frequency and number of VACTERL anomalies with FA correlate with the severity and onset of hematopoietic and malignancy issues. In FA, radial anomalies are the most common of these defects, followed by renal findings, while vertebral and gastrointestinal anomalies are relatively uncommon, a pattern that differs from observations of the VACTERL association. Genes with more severe effects also show a greatly increased incidence of brain abnormalities, and a paucity of such findings with other FA genes suggests that brain development is relatively refractory to SHH related effects, accounting for the rarity of such findings with the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lubinsky
- 6003 W. Washington Blvd., Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, 53213
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23
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Nagiec MM, Skepner AP, Negri J, Eichhorn M, Kuperwasser N, Comer E, Muncipinto G, Subramanian A, Clish C, Musunuru K, Duvall JR, Foley M, Perez JR, Palmer MAJ. Modulators of hepatic lipoprotein metabolism identified in a search for small-molecule inducers of tribbles pseudokinase 1 expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120295. [PMID: 25811180 PMCID: PMC4374785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome wide association studies have linked tribbles pseudokinase 1 (TRIB1) to the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Based on the observations that increased expression of TRIB1 reduces secretion of VLDL and is associated with lower plasma levels of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, higher plasma levels of HDL cholesterol and reduced risk for myocardial infarction, we carried out a high throughput phenotypic screen based on quantitative RT-PCR assay to identify compounds that induce TRIB1 expression in human HepG2 hepatoma cells. In a screen of a collection of diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS)-derived compounds, we identified a series of benzofuran-based compounds that upregulate TRIB1 expression and phenocopy the effects of TRIB1 cDNA overexpression, as they inhibit triglyceride synthesis and apoB secretion in cells. In addition, the compounds downregulate expression of MTTP and APOC3, key components of the lipoprotein assembly pathway. However, CRISPR-Cas9 induced chromosomal disruption of the TRIB1 locus in HepG2 cells, while confirming its regulatory role in lipoprotein metabolism, demonstrated that the effects of benzofurans persist in TRIB1-null cells indicating that TRIB1 is sufficient but not necessary to transmit the effects of the drug. Remarkably, active benzofurans, as well as natural products capable of TRIB1 upregulation, also modulate hepatic cell cholesterol metabolism by elevating the expression of LDLR transcript and LDL receptor protein, while reducing the levels of PCSK9 transcript and secreted PCSK9 protein and stimulating LDL uptake. The effects of benzofurans are not masked by cholesterol depletion and are independent of the SREBP-2 regulatory circuit, indicating that these compounds represent a novel class of chemically tractable small-molecule modulators that shift cellular lipoprotein metabolism in HepG2 cells from lipogenesis to scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek M. Nagiec
- Therapeutics Platform, Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Adam P. Skepner
- Therapeutics Platform, Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph Negri
- Therapeutics Platform, Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michelle Eichhorn
- Therapeutics Platform, Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Kuperwasser
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eamon Comer
- Therapeutics Platform, Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Giovanni Muncipinto
- Therapeutics Platform, Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aravind Subramanian
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Clary Clish
- Metabolite Profiling Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kiran Musunuru
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeremy R. Duvall
- Therapeutics Platform, Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Foley
- Therapeutics Platform, Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jose R. Perez
- Therapeutics Platform, Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. J. Palmer
- Therapeutics Platform, Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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24
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Scully SS, Zheng SL, Wagner BK, Schreiber SL. Synthesis of oxazocenones via gold(I)-catalyzed 8-endo-dig hydroalkoxylation of alkynamides. Org Lett 2015; 17:418-21. [PMID: 25569027 PMCID: PMC4323038 DOI: 10.1021/ol503273v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Several benzoxazocenones have been found to exhibit novel cellular activities. In the present study, we report a gold(I)-catalyzed 8-endo-dig hydroalkoxylation reaction of alkynamides to access analogous oxazocenone scaffolds. This methodology provided an advanced intermediate, which was elaborated to a des-benzo analog of a bioactive benzoxazocenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Scully
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute , 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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25
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Banerjee U, Hadden MK. Recent advances in the design of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors for the treatment of malignancies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:751-71. [PMID: 24850423 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.920817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is known to be dysregulated in several forms of cancer. Hence, specifically targeting this signaling cascade is a valid and promising strategy for successful therapeutic intervention. Several components within the Hh pathway have been proven to be druggable; however, challenges in the discovery and development process for small molecules targeting this pathway have been identified. AREAS COVERED This review details both the current state and future potential of Hh pathway inhibitors as anticancer chemotherapeutics that target a variety of human malignancies. EXPERT OPINION The initial development of Hh pathway inhibitors focused on small-molecule antagonists of Smoothened, a transmembrane protein that is a key regulator of pathway signaling. More recently, efforts to identify and develop inhibitors of pathway signaling that function through alternate mechanisms have been increasing. However, none of these have advanced into clinical trials. Further, early evidence suggesting the broad application of Hh pathway inhibitors as a monotherapy in a wide range of human cancers has not been validated. The potential for Hh pathway inhibitors as combination therapy has demonstrated promising preclinical results. However, more research to identify rational drug combinations to fully explore the potential of this anticancer drug class is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Banerjee
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 69 N Eagleville Rd, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269-3092 , USA +1 860 486 8446 ;
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26
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Milroy LG, Grossmann TN, Hennig S, Brunsveld L, Ottmann C. Modulators of Protein–Protein Interactions. Chem Rev 2014; 114:4695-748. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400698c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lech-Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech
2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tom N. Grossmann
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn Straße 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sven Hennig
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn Straße 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech
2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech
2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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27
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Xin M, Wen J, Tang F, Tu C, Huang W, Shen H, Zhao X, Cheng L, Wang M, Zhang L. Synthesis and evaluation of 4-(2-pyrimidinylamino) benzamides inhibitors of hedgehog signaling pathway. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:983-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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28
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Morrison KC, Hergenrother PJ. Natural products as starting points for the synthesis of complex and diverse compounds. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:6-14. [PMID: 24219884 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2013. Natural products and their derivatives are used as treatments for numerous diseases. Many of these compounds are structurally complex, possessing a high percentage of sp(3) hybridized carbons and multiple stereogenic centers. Due to the difficulties associated with the isolation of large numbers of novel natural products, lead discovery efforts over the last two decades have shifted toward the screening of less structurally complex synthetic compounds. While there have been many success stories from these campaigns, the modulation of certain biological targets (e.g. protein-protein interactions) and disease areas (e.g. antibacterials) often require complex molecules. Thus, there is considerable interest in the development of strategies to construct large collections of compounds that mimic the complexity of natural products. Several of these strategies focus on the conversion of simple starting materials to value-added products and have been reviewed elsewhere. Herein we review the use of natural products as starting points for the generation of complex compounds, discussing both early ad hoc efforts and a more recent systematization of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801.
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Manetti F, Taddei M, Petricci E. Structure–Activity Relationships and Mechanism of Action of Small Molecule Smoothened Modulators Discovered by High-Throughput Screening and Rational Design. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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