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Kadhum WR, Majeed AA, Saleh RO, Ali E, Alhajlah S, Alwaily ER, Mustafa YF, Ghildiyal P, Alawadi A, Alsalamy A. Overcoming drug resistance with specific nano scales to targeted therapy: Focused on metastatic cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155137. [PMID: 38324962 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer, which accounts for the majority of cancer fatalities, is a difficult illness to treat. Currently used cancer treatments include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery, and targeted treatment (immune, gene, and hormonal). The disadvantages of these treatments include a high risk of tumor recurrence and surgical complications that may result in permanent deformities. On the other hand, most chemotherapy drugs are small molecules, which usually have unfavorable side effects, low absorption, poor selectivity, and multi-drug resistance. Anticancer drugs can be delivered precisely to the cancer spot by encapsulating them to reduce side effects. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers can be used for drug release at cancer sites and provide target-specific delivery. As previously stated, metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality. We have evaluated the usage of nano-medications in the treatment of some metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam R Kadhum
- Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Kut 52001, Wasit, Iraq; Advanced research center, Kut University College, Kut 52001, Wasit, Iraq.
| | - Ali A Majeed
- Department of Pathological Analyses, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | - Eyhab Ali
- Pharmacy Department, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Sharif Alhajlah
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Enas R Alwaily
- Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Pallavi Ghildiyal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
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Hani U, Gowda BHJ, Haider N, Ramesh K, Paul K, Ashique S, Ahmed MG, Narayana S, Mohanto S, Kesharwani P. Nanoparticle-Based Approaches for Treatment of Hematological Malignancies: a Comprehensive Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:233. [PMID: 37973643 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood cancer, also known as hematological malignancy, is one of the devastating types of cancer that has significantly paved its mortality mark globally. It persists as an extremely deadly cancer type and needs utmost attention owing to its negligible overall survival rate. Major challenges in the treatment of blood cancer include difficulties in early diagnosis, as well as severe side effects resulting from chemotherapy. In addition, immunotherapies and targeted therapies can be prohibitively expensive. Over the past two decades, scientists have devised a few nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems aimed at overcoming this challenge. These therapeutic strategies are engineered to augment the cellular uptake, pharmacokinetics, and effectiveness of anticancer drugs. However, there are still numerous types of nanoparticles that could potentially improve the efficacy of blood cancer treatment, while also reducing treatment costs and mitigating drug-related side effects. To the best of our knowledge, there has been limited reviews published on the use of nano-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Therefore, we have made a concerted effort to provide a comprehensive review that draws upon recent literature and patents, with a focus on the most promising results regarding the use of nanoparticle-based approaches for the treatment of hematological malignancies. All these crucial points covered under a common title would significantly help researchers and scientists working in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - B H Jaswanth Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India.
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Nazima Haider
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kvrns Ramesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, 11172, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Karthika Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pandaveswar School of Pharmacy, Pandaveswar, West Bengal, 713378, India
| | - Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Soumya Narayana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
- Center for Global health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Caminade AM. Interplay between Nanoparticles and Phosphorus Dendrimers, and Their Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:5739. [PMID: 37570709 PMCID: PMC10420008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents the state of the art of interactions between two different families of nanoobjects: nanoparticles-mainly metal nanoparticles, and dendrimers-mainly phosphorhydrazone dendrimers (or dendrons). The review firstly presents the encapsulation/protection of existing nanoparticles (organic or metallic) by phosphorus-based dendrimers and dendrons. In the second part, several methods for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, thanks to the dendrimer that acts as a template, are presented. The properties of the associations between dendrimers and nanoparticles are emphasized throughout the review. These properties mainly concern the elaboration of diverse types of hybrid materials, some of them being used as sensitive chemosensors or biosensors. Several examples concerning catalysis are also given, displaying in particular the efficient recovery and reuse of the catalytic entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France;
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France
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Mohajer F, Mirhosseini-Eshkevari B, Ahmadi S, Ghasemzadeh MA, Mohammadi Ziarani G, Badiei A, Farshidfar N, Varma RS, Rabiee N, Iravani S. Advanced Nanosystems for Cancer Therapeutics: A Review. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:7123-7149. [DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran 19938-93973, Iran
| | | | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | | | - Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran 19938-93973, Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14179-35840, Iran
| | - Nima Farshidfar
- Orthodontic Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CxI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
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Gaitsch H, Hersh AM, Alomari S, Tyler BM. Dendrimer Technology in Glioma: Functional Design and Potential Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1075. [PMID: 36831418 PMCID: PMC9954563 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel therapeutic and diagnostic methods are sorely needed for gliomas, which contribute yearly to hundreds of thousands of cancer deaths worldwide. Despite the outpouring of research efforts and funding aimed at improving clinical outcomes for patients with glioma, the prognosis for high-grade glioma, and especially glioblastoma, remains dire. One of the greatest obstacles to improving treatment efficacy and destroying cancer cells is the safe delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and biologics to the tumor site at a high enough dose to be effective. Over the past few decades, a burst of research has leveraged nanotechnology to overcome this obstacle. There has been a renewed interest in adapting previously understudied dendrimer nanocarriers for this task. Dendrimers are small, highly modifiable, branched structures featuring binding sites for a variety of drugs and ligands. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential for dendrimers and dendrimer conjugates to effectively shuttle therapeutic cargo to the correct tumor location, permeate the tumor, and promote apoptosis of tumor cells while minimizing systemic toxicity and damage to surrounding healthy brain tissue. This review provides a primer on the properties of dendrimers; outlines the mechanisms by which they can target delivery of substances to the site of brain pathology; and delves into current trends in the application of dendrimers to drug and gene delivery, and diagnostic imaging, in glioma. Finally, future directions for translating these in vitro and in vivo findings to the clinic are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie Gaitsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- NIH Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program, Wellcome—MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Andrew M. Hersh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Safwan Alomari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Betty M. Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Zhu R, Zhang F, Peng Y, Xie T, Wang Y, Lan Y. Current Progress in Cancer Treatment Using Nanomaterials. Front Oncol 2022; 12:930125. [PMID: 35912195 PMCID: PMC9330335 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.930125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological processes of cancer are complex. Current methods used for chemotherapy have various limitations, such as cytotoxicity, multi-drug resistance, stem-like cells growth, and lack of specificity. Several types of nanomaterials are used for cancer treatment. Nanomaterials 1–100 nm in size have special optical, magnetic, and electrical characteristics. Nanomaterials have been fabricated for cancer treatments to overcome cytotoxicity and low specificity, and improve drug capacity and bioavailability. Despite the increasing number of related studies, few nanodrugs have been approved for clinical use. To improve translation of these materials, studies of targeted drug delivery using nanocarriers are needed. Cytotoxicity, enhanced permeability and retention effects, and the protective role of the protein corona remain to be addressed. This mini-review summarizes new nanomaterials manufactured in studies and in clinical use, analyses current barriers preventing their translation to clinical use, and describes the effective application of nanomaterials in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yudong Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Tian Xie, ; Yi Wang, ; Yin Lan,
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Zhongnan of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Tian Xie, ; Yi Wang, ; Yin Lan,
| | - Yin Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Tian Xie, ; Yi Wang, ; Yin Lan,
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Gavas S, Quazi S, Karpiński TM. Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: Current Progress and Challenges. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:173. [PMID: 34866166 PMCID: PMC8645667 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity with a complex pathophysiology. Traditional cancer therapies include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. However, limitations such as lack of specificity, cytotoxicity, and multi-drug resistance pose a substantial challenge for favorable cancer treatment. The advent of nanotechnology has revolutionized the arena of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanoparticles (1-100 nm) can be used to treat cancer due to their specific advantages such as biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, more excellent stability, enhanced permeability and retention effect, and precise targeting. Nanoparticles are classified into several main categories. The nanoparticle drug delivery system is particular and utilizes tumor and tumor environment characteristics. Nanoparticles not only solve the limitations of conventional cancer treatment but also overcome multidrug resistance. Additionally, as new multidrug resistance mechanisms are unraveled and studied, nanoparticles are being investigated more vigorously. Various therapeutic implications of nanoformulations have created brand new perspectives for cancer treatment. However, most of the research is limited to in vivo and in vitro studies, and the number of approved nanodrugs has not much amplified over the years. This review discusses numerous types of nanoparticles, targeting mechanisms, and approved nanotherapeutics for oncological implications in cancer treatment. Further, we also summarize the current perspective, advantages, and challenges in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreelaxmi Gavas
- Department of Life Sciences, GenLab Biosolutions Private Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka 560043 India
| | - Sameer Quazi
- GenLab Biosolutions Private Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka 560043 India
| | - Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
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8
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Two Decades of Triazine Dendrimers. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164774. [PMID: 34443361 PMCID: PMC8401192 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For two decades, methods for the synthesis and characterization of dendrimers based on [1,3,5]-triazine have been advanced by the group. Motivated by the desire to generate structural complexity on the periphery, initial efforts focused on convergent syntheses, which yielded pure materials to generation three. To obtain larger generations of dendrimers, divergent strategies were pursued using iterative reactions of monomers, sequential additions of triazine and diamines, and ultimately, macromonomers. Strategies for the incorporation of bioactive molecules using non-covalent and covalent strategies have been explored. These bioactive materials included small molecule drugs, peptides, and genetic material. In some cases, these constructs were examined in both in vitro and in vivo models with a focus on targeting prostate tumor subtypes with paclitaxel conjugates. In the materials realm, the use of triazine dendrimers anchored on solid surfaces including smectite clay, silica, mesoporous alumina, polystyrene, and others was explored for the separation of volatile organics from gas streams or the sequestration of atrazine from solution. The combination of these organics with metal nanoparticles has been probed. The goal of this review is to summarize these efforts.
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Cheng Z, Li M, Dey R, Chen Y. Nanomaterials for cancer therapy: current progress and perspectives. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:85. [PMID: 34059100 PMCID: PMC8165984 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease with complex pathological process. Current chemotherapy faces problems such as lack of specificity, cytotoxicity, induction of multi-drug resistance and stem-like cells growth. Nanomaterials are materials in the nanorange 1–100 nm which possess unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties. Nanomaterials used in cancer therapy can be classified into several main categories. Targeting cancer cells, tumor microenvironment, and immune system, these nanomaterials have been modified for a wide range of cancer therapies to overcome toxicity and lack of specificity, enhance drug capacity as well as bioavailability. Although the number of studies has been increasing, the number of approved nano-drugs has not increased much over the years. To better improve clinical translation, further research is needed for targeted drug delivery by nano-carriers to reduce toxicity, enhance permeability and retention effects, and minimize the shielding effect of protein corona. This review summarizes novel nanomaterials fabricated in research and clinical use, discusses current limitations and obstacles that hinder the translation from research to clinical use, and provides suggestions for more efficient adoption of nanomaterials in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cheng
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Maoyu Li
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Raja Dey
- Department of Nucleotide Metabolism and Drug Discovery, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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10
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Mega macromolecules as single molecule lubricants for hard and soft surfaces. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2139. [PMID: 32358489 PMCID: PMC7195476 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A longstanding goal in science and engineering is to mimic the size, structure, and functionality present in biology with synthetic analogs. Today, synthetic globular polymers of several million molecular weight are unknown, and, yet, these structures are expected to exhibit unanticipated properties due to their size, compactness, and low inter-chain interactions. Here we report the gram-scale synthesis of dendritic polymers, mega hyperbranched polyglycerols (mega HPGs), in million daltons. The mega HPGs are highly water soluble, soft, nanometer-scale single polymer particles that exhibit low intrinsic viscosities. Further, the mega HPGs are lubricants acting as interposed single molecule ball bearings to reduce the coefficient of friction between both hard and soft natural surfaces in a size dependent manner. We attribute this result to their globular and single particle nature together with its exceptional hydration. Collectively, these results set the stage for new opportunities in the design, synthesis, and evaluation of mega polymers. Synthetic globular polymers of several million molecular weight are expected to exhibit unique properties but are difficult to synthesize. Here the authors synthesize such dendritic polymers that show unique lubrication properties and act as molecular ball bearings due to their 3D compact structure, size, solubility, hydration and low intrinsic viscosities.
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Tumor Uptake of Triazine Dendrimers Decorated with Four, Sixteen, and Sixty-Four PSMA-Targeted Ligands: Passive versus Active Tumor Targeting. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090421. [PMID: 31466360 PMCID: PMC6770530 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Various glutamate urea ligands have displayed high affinities to prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which is highly overexpressed in prostate and other cancer sites. The multivalent versions of small PSMA-targeted molecules are known to be even more efficiently bound to the receptor. Here, we employ a well-known urea-based ligand, 2-[3-(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-ureido] pentanedioic acid (DUPA) and triazine dendrimers in order to study the effect of molecular size on multivalent targeting in prostate cancer. The synthetic route starts with the preparation of a dichlorotriazine bearing DUPA in 67% overall yield over five steps. This dichlorotriazine reacts with G1, G3, and G5 triazine dendrimers bearing a 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) group for 64Cu-labeling at the core to afford poly(monochlorotriazine) intermediates. Addition of 4-aminomethylpiperidine (4-AMP) and the following deprotection produce the target compounds, G1-(DUPA)4, G3-(DUPA)16, and G5-(DUPA)64. These targets include 4/16/64 DUPA groups on the surface and a DOTA group at the core, respectively. In vitro cell assay using PC3-PIP (PSMA positive) and PC3-FLU (PSMA negative) cells reveals that G1-(DUPA)4 has the highest PC3-PIP to PC3-FLU uptake ratio (10-fold) through the PSMA-mediated specific uptake. While G5-(DUPA)64 displayed approximately 12 times higher binding affinity (IC50 23.6 nM) to PC3-PIP cells than G1-(DUPA)4 (IC50 282.3 nM) as evaluated in a competitive binding assay, the G5 dendrimer also showed high non-specific binding to PC3-FLU cells. In vivo uptake of the 64Cu-labeled dendrimers was also evaluated in severe combined inmmunodeficient (SCID) mice bearing PC3-PIP and PC3-FLU xenografts on each shoulder, respectively. Interestingly, quantitative imaging analysis of positron emission tomograph (PET) displayed the lowest tumor uptake in PC3-PIP cells for the midsize dendrimer G3-(DUPA)16 (19.4 kDa) (0.66 ± 0.15%ID/g at 1 h. p.i., 0.64 ± 0.11%ID/g at 4 h. p.i., and 0.67 ± 0.08%ID/g at 24 h. p.i.). Through the specific binding of G1-(DUPA)4 to PSMA, the smallest dendrimer (5.1 kDa) demonstrated the highest PC3-PIP to muscle and PC3-PIP to PC3-FLU uptake ratios (17.7 ± 5.5 and 6.7 ± 3.0 at 4 h p.i., respectively). In addition, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect appeared to be an overwhelming factor for tumor uptake of the largest dendrimer G5-(DUPA)64 as the uptake was at a similar level irrelevant to the PSMA expression.
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Benzodithiophenedione‐Based Conjugated Microporous Polymer Catalysts for Aerobic Oxidation Reactions Driven by Visible‐Light. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Ilinskaya AN, Shah A, Enciso AE, Chan KC, Kaczmarczyk JA, Blonder J, Simanek EE, Dobrovolskaia MA. Nanoparticle physicochemical properties determine the activation of intracellular complement. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2019; 17:266-275. [PMID: 30794962 PMCID: PMC6520145 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The complement system plays an essential role in both innate and adaptive immunity. The traditional understanding of this system comes from studies investigating complement proteins produced by the liver and present in plasma to "complement" the immune cell-mediated response to invading pathogens. Recently, it has been reported that immune cells including, but not limited to, T-cells and monocytes, express complement proteins. This complement is referred to as intracellular (IC) and implicated in the regulation of T-cell activation. The mechanisms and the structure-activity relationship between nanomaterials and IC, however, are currently unknown. Herein, we describe a structure-activity relationship study demonstrating that under in vitro conditions, only polymeric materials with cationic surfaces activate IC in T-cells. The effect also depends on particle size and occurs through a mechanism involving membrane damage, thereby IC on the cell surface serves as a self-opsonization marker in response to the nanoparticle-triggered danger affecting the cell integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Ilinskaya
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | - Ankit Shah
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | - Alan E Enciso
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX
| | - King C Chan
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | - Jan A Kaczmarczyk
- Antibody Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | - Josip Blonder
- Antibody Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | - Eric E Simanek
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD.
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Herma R, Wrobel D, Liegertová M, Müllerová M, Strašák T, Maly M, Semerádtová A, Štofik M, Appelhans D, Maly J. Carbosilane dendrimers with phosphonium terminal groups are low toxic non-viral transfection vectors for siRNA cell delivery. Int J Pharm 2019; 562:51-65. [PMID: 30877030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-viral gene delivery vectors studied in the gene therapy applications are often designed with the cationic nitrogen containing groups necessary for binding and cell release of nucleic acids. Disadvantage is a relatively high toxicity which restricts the in vivo use of such nanoparticles. Here we show, that the 3rd generation carbosilane dendrimers possessing (trimethyl)phosphonium (PMe3) groups on their periphery were able to effectively deliver the functional siRNA into the cells (B14, Cricetulus griseus), release it into the cytosol and finally to achieve up to 40% gene silencing of targeted gene (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)) with the comparable or, in some cases, even better effectivity as their ammonium counterparts. Moreover, such cationic dendrimers show relatively low in vivo toxicity as compared to their ammonium analogues when analyzed by standard fish embryo test (FET) on Danio rerio in vivo model, with LD50 = 6.26 µM after 48 h of incubation. This is more than 10-fold improvement as compared to published values for various other types of cationic dendrimers. We discuss the potential of further increase of the transfection efficiency, endosomal escape and decrease of toxicity of such non-viral vectors, based on the systematic screening of different types of substituents on central phosphonium atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Herma
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Wrobel
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Liegertová
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Müllerová
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Strašák
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Maly
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Semerádtová
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Štofik
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Maly
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic.
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15
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Abstract
Treatment of certain central nervous system disorders, including different types of cerebral malignancies, is limited by traditional oral or systemic administrations of therapeutic drugs due to possible serious side effects and/or lack of the brain penetration and, therefore, the efficacy of the drugs is diminished. During the last decade, several new technologies were developed to overcome barrier properties of cerebral capillaries. This review gives a short overview of the structural elements and anatomical features of the blood–brain barrier. The various in vitro (static and dynamic), in vivo (microdialysis), and in situ (brain perfusion) blood–brain barrier models are also presented. The drug formulations and administration options to deliver molecules effectively to the central nervous system (CNS) are presented. Nanocarriers, nanoparticles (lipid, polymeric, magnetic, gold, and carbon based nanoparticles, dendrimers, etc.), viral and peptid vectors and shuttles, sonoporation and microbubbles are briefly shown. The modulation of receptors and efflux transporters in the cell membrane can also be an effective approach to enhance brain exposure to therapeutic compounds. Intranasal administration is a noninvasive delivery route to bypass the blood–brain barrier, while direct brain administration is an invasive mode to target the brain region with therapeutic drug concentrations locally. Nowadays, both technological and mechanistic tools are available to assist in overcoming the blood–brain barrier. With these techniques more effective and even safer drugs can be developed for the treatment of devastating brain disorders.
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16
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Messmer D, Kröger M, Schlüter AD. Pushing Synthesis toward the Maximum Generation Range of Dendritic Macromolecules. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Burns KE, Delehanty JB. Cellular delivery of doxorubicin mediated by disulfide reduction of a peptide-dendrimer bioconjugate. Int J Pharm 2018; 545:64-73. [PMID: 29709616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a peptide-dendrimer-drug conjugate system for the pH-triggered direct cytosolic delivery of the cancer chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) using the pH Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP). We synthesized a pHLIP-dendrimer-DOX conjugate in which a single copy of pHLIP displayed a generation three dendrimer bearing multiple copies of DOX via disulfide linkages. Biophysical analysis showed that both the dendrimer and a single DOX conjugate inserted into membrane bilayers in a pH-dependent manner. Time-resolved confocal microscopy indicate the single DOX conjugate may undergo a faster rate of membrane translocation, due to greater nuclear localization of DOX at 24 h and 48 h post delivery. At 72 h, however, the levels of DOX nuclear accumulation for both constructs were identical. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that both constructs mediated ∼80% inhibition of cellular proliferation at 10 µM, the dendrimer complex exhibited a 17% greater cytotoxic effect at lower concentrations and greater than three-fold improvement in IC50 over free DOX. Our findings show proof of concept that the dendrimeric display of DOX on the pHLIP carrier (1) facilitates the pH-dependent and temporally-controlled release of DOX to the cytosol, (2) eliminates the endosomal sequestration of the drug cargo, and (3) augments DOX cytotoxicity relative to the free drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Burns
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Washington DC 20375, United States; National Research Council, Washington DC 20001, United States
| | - James B Delehanty
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Washington DC 20375, United States.
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18
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Interactions gold/phosphorus dendrimers. Versatile ways to hybrid organic–metallic macromolecules. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Servin P, Laurent R, Tristany M, Romerosa A, Peruzzini M, Garcia-Maroto F, Majoral JP, Caminade AM. Dual properties of water-soluble Ru-PTA complexes of dendrimers: Catalysis and interaction with DNA. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Kubo T, Easterling CP, Olson RA, Sumerlin BS. Synthesis of multifunctional homopolymers via sequential post-polymerization reactions. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01055b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This mini-review highlights recent developments in the synthesis of multifunctional homopolymers, i.e., homopolymers with multiple pendent functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kubo
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
| | - Charles P. Easterling
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
| | - Rebecca A. Olson
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
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21
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Gonzalez P, Pota K, Turan LS, da Costa VCP, Akkaraju G, Green KN. Synthesis, Characterization, and Activity of a Triazine Bridged Antioxidant Small Molecule. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2414-2423. [PMID: 28768410 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-ion misregulation and oxidative stress continue to be components of the continually evolving hypothesis describing the molecular origins of Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, these features are viable targets for synthetic chemists to explore through hybridizations of metal-binding ligands and antioxidant units. To date, the metal-binding unit in potential therapeutic small molecules has largely been inspired by clioquinol with the exception of a handful of heterocyclic small molecules and open-chain systems. Heterocyclic small molecules such as cyclen (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) have the advantage of straightforward N-based modifications, allowing the addition of functional groups. In this work, we report the synthesis of a triazine bridged system containing two cyclen metal-binding units and an antioxidant coumarin appendage inspired by nature. This new potential therapeutic molecule shows the ability to bind copper in a unique manner compared to other chelates proposed to treat Alzheimer's disease. DPPH and TEAC assays exploring the activity of N-(2-((4,6-di(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)ethyl)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxamide (molecule 1) show that the molecule is antioxidant. Cellular studies of molecule 1 indicate a low toxicity (EC50 = 80 μM) and the ability to protect HT-22 neuronal cells from cell death induced by Aβ + copper(II), thus demonstrating the potential for molecule 1 to serve as a multimodal therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Kristof Pota
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Lara Su Turan
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Viviana C. P. da Costa
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Giridhar Akkaraju
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Kayla N. Green
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
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22
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Pro-Inflammatory Versus Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Dendrimers: The Two Faces of Immuno-Modulatory Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7090251. [PMID: 28862693 PMCID: PMC5618362 DOI: 10.3390/nano7090251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are soft matter, hyperbranched, and multivalent nanoparticles whose synthesis theoretically affords monodisperse compounds. They are built from a core on which one or several successive series of branches are engrafted in an arborescent way. At the end of the synthesis, the tunable addition of surface groups gives birth to multivalent nano-objects which are generally intended for a specific use. For these reasons, dendrimers have received a lot of attention from biomedical researchers. In particular, some of us have demonstrated that dendrimers can be intrinsically drug-candidate for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, amongst others, using relevant preclinical animal models. These anti-inflammatory dendrimers are innovative in the pharmaceutical field. More recently, it has appeared that some dendrimers (even among those which have been described as anti-inflammatory) can promote inflammatory responses in non-diseased animals. The main corpus of this concise review is focused on the reports which describe anti-inflammatory properties of dendrimers in vivo, following which we review the few recent articles that show pro-inflammatory effects of our favorite molecules, to finally discuss this duality in immuno-modulation which has to be taken into account for the preclinical and clinical developments of dendrimers.
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23
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da Costa VCP, Annunziata O. Formation of Dendrimer Nanoassemblies by Oligomerization-Induced Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:5482-5490. [PMID: 28460527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are hyperbranched macromolecules with applications in host-guest chemistry, self-assembly, nanocatalysis, and nanomedicine. We show that dendrimer-based globular nanoparticles are formed by using dendrimer oligomerization to isothermally induce liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). We first determined that LLPS of aqueous mixtures of the fourth-generation amino-functionalized poly(amido amine) dendrimer is observed by lowering temperature in the presence of sodium sulfate. In relation to LLPS, we experimentally characterized the effect of salt and dendrimer concentrations on the LLPS temperature and salt-dendrimer isothermal partitioning. Our results were theoretically examined using a two-parameter thermodynamic model. We then showed that the addition of a small amount of glutaraldehyde, which leads to the formation of soluble dendrimer oligomers by chemical cross-linking, increases the LLPS temperature. This implies that a dendrimer aqueous mixture, which is initially homogeneous at room temperature and exhibits LLPS only at relatively low temperatures, can exhibit LLPS at room temperature due to dendrimer oligomerization. The high dendrimer concentration inside the nanodroplets, produced from LLPS, accelerates dendrimer cross-linking, thereby yielding stable globular nanoparticles. These nanomaterials retain the host-guest properties of the initial dendrimers, indicating potential applications as nanocatalysts, extracting agents and drug carriers. Our work provides the basis for a new approach for obtaining dendrimer-based nanoassemblies by employing low-generation dendrimers as building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana C P da Costa
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University , Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Onofrio Annunziata
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University , Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
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24
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Enciso AE, Doni G, Nifosì R, Palazzesi F, Gonzalez R, Ellsworth AA, Coffer JL, Walker AV, Pavan GM, Mohamed AA, Simanek EE. Facile synthesis of stable, water soluble, dendron-coated gold nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:3128-3132. [PMID: 28211928 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09679d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Upon reduction with sodium borohydride, diazonium tetrachloroaurate salts of triazine dendrons yield dendron-coated gold nanoparticles connected by a gold-carbon bond. These robust nanoparticles are stable in water and toluene solutions for longer than one year and present surface groups that can be reacted to change surface chemistry and manipulate solubility. Molecular modeling was used to provide insight on the hydration of the nanoparticles and their observed solubilties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan E Enciso
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
| | - Giovanni Doni
- Department of Physics, King's College, London Strand, London WC2R 2NS, UK
| | - Riccardo Nifosì
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Palazzesi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland and Facoltá di Informatica, Istituto di Scienze Computazionali, Universitá della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
| | | | - Jeffery L Coffer
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
| | - Amy V Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed A Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA and Department of Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eric E Simanek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
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25
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Ramírez-Crescencio F, Enciso AE, Hasan M, da Costa VCP, Annunziata O, Redón R, Coffer JL, Simanek EE. Thermoregulated Coacervation, Metal-Encapsulation and Nanoparticle Synthesis in Novel Triazine Dendrimers. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050599. [PMID: 27187331 PMCID: PMC6273988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and solubility behaviors of four generation five (G5) triazine dendrimers are studied. While the underivatized cationic dendrimer is soluble in water, the acetylated and propanoylated derivatives undergo coacervation in water upon increasing temperature. Occurring around room temperature, this behavior is related to a liquid-liquid phase transition with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and is explained by differences in composition, notably, the hydrophobic nature of the terminal groups. Interestingly, the water solubility of the acetylated dendrimer is affected by the addition of selected metal ions. Titrating solutions of acetylated dendrimer at temperatures below the LCST with gold or palladium ions promoted precipitation, but platinum, iridium, and copper did not. Gold nanoparticles having diameters of 2.5 ± 0.8 nm can be obtained from solutions of the acetylated dendrimer at concentrations of gold less than that required to induce precipitation by treating the solution with sodium borohydride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fermín Ramírez-Crescencio
- Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, A.P. 70-186, C.P., Cd. Mx. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Alan E Enciso
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA.
| | - Mirza Hasan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA.
| | - Viviana C P da Costa
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA.
| | - Onofrio Annunziata
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA.
| | - Rocío Redón
- Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, A.P. 70-186, C.P., Cd. Mx. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Jeffery L Coffer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA.
| | - Eric E Simanek
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA.
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26
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Bifunctional Phosphorus Dendrimers and Their Properties. Molecules 2016; 21:538. [PMID: 27120586 PMCID: PMC6273332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are hyperbranched and monodisperse macromolecules, generally considered as a special class of polymers, but synthesized step-by-step. Most dendrimers have a uniform structure, with a single type of terminal function. However, it is often desirable to have at least two different functional groups. This review will discuss the case of bifunctional phosphorus-containing dendrimers, and the consequences for their properties. Besides the terminal functions, dendritic structures may have also a function at the core, or linked off-center to the core, or at the core of dendrons (dendritic wedges). Association of two dendrons having different terminal functions leads to Janus dendrimers (two faces). The internal structure can also possess functional groups on one layer, or linked to one layer, or on several layers. Finally, there are several ways to have two types of terminal functions, besides the case of Janus dendrimers: either each terminal function bears two functions sequentially, or two different functions are linked to each terminal branching point. Examples of each type of structure will be given in this review, as well as practical uses of such sophisticated structures in the fields of fluorescence, catalysis, nanomaterials and biology.
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27
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Enciso AE, Neun B, Rodriguez J, Ranjan AP, Dobrovolskaia MA, Simanek EE. Nanoparticle Effects on Human Platelets in Vitro: A Comparison between PAMAM and Triazine Dendrimers. Molecules 2016; 21:428. [PMID: 27043508 PMCID: PMC6273833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triazine and PAMAM dendrimers of similar size and number of cationic surface groups were compared for their ability to promote platelet aggregation. Triazine dendrimers (G3, G5 and G7) varied in molecular weight from 8 kDa-130 kDa and in surface groups 16-256. PAMAM dendrimers selected for comparison included G3 (7 kDa, 32 surface groups) and G6 (58 kDa, 256 surface groups). The treatment of human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with low generation triazine dendrimers (0.01-1 µM) did not show any significant effect in human platelet aggregation in vitro; however, the treatment of PRP with larger generations promotes an effective aggregation. These results are in agreement with studies performed with PAMAM dendrimers, where large generations promote aggregation. Triazine dendrimers promote aggregation less aggressively than PAMAM dendrimers, a factor attributed to differences in cationic charge or the formation of supramolecular assemblies of dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan E Enciso
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA.
| | - Barry Neun
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Jamie Rodriguez
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Amalendu P Ranjan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics & Institute of Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA.
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Eric E Simanek
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA.
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28
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Kubo T, Figg CA, Swartz JL, Brooks WLA, Sumerlin BS. Multifunctional Homopolymers: Postpolymerization Modification via Sequential Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kubo
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - C. Adrian Figg
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Jeremy L. Swartz
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - William L. A. Brooks
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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29
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Marine JE, Song S, Liang X, Rudick JG. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Bundle-Forming α-Helical Peptide-Dendron Hybrids. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:336-44. [PMID: 26674475 PMCID: PMC4710556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dendronized helix bundle assemblies combine the sequence diversity and folding properties of proteins with the tailored physical properties of dendrimers. Assembly of peptide-dendron hybrids into α-helical bundles encapsulates the helix bundle motif in a dendritic sheath that will allow the functional, protein-like domain to be transplanted to nonbiological environments. A bioorthogonal graft-to synthetic strategy for preparing helix bundle-forming peptide-dendron hybrids is described herein for hybrids 1a, 1b, and 2. Titration experiments monitored by circular dichroism spectroscopy support our self-assembly model for how the peptide-dendron hybrids self-assemble into α-helical bundles with the dendrons on outside of the bundle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette E. Marine
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Shuang Song
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Jonathan G. Rudick
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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30
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Maly J, Stanek O, Frolik J, Maly M, Ennen F, Appelhans D, Semeradtova A, Wrobel D, Stofik M, Knapova T, Kuchar M, Stastna LC, Cermak J, Sebo P, Maly P. Biocompatible Size-Defined Dendrimer-Albumin Binding Protein Hybrid Materials as a Versatile Platform for Biomedical Applications. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:553-66. [PMID: 26748571 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For the design of a biohybrid structure as a ligand-tailored drug delivery system (DDS), it is highly sophisticated to fabricate a DDS based on smoothly controllable conjugation steps. This article reports on the synthesis and the characterization of biohybrid conjugates based on noncovalent conjugation between a multivalent biotinylated and PEGylated poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer and a tetrameric streptavidin-small protein binding scaffold. This protein binding scaffold (SA-ABDwt) possesses nM affinity toward human serum albumin (HSA). Thus, well-defined biohybrid structures, finalized by binding of one or two HSA molecules, are available at each conjugation step in a controlled molar ratio. Overall, these biohybrid assemblies can be used for (i) a controlled modification of dendrimers with the HSA molecules to increase their blood-circulation half-life and passive accumulation in tumor; (ii) rendering dendrimers a specific affinity to various ligands based on mutated ABD domain, thus replacing tedious dendrimer-antibody covalent coupling and purification procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Maly
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of J.E. Purkinje, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Stanek
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, v. v. i, Pru˚myslová 595, Vestec, ,252 42, Jesenice u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Frolik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of J.E. Purkinje, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Maly
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of J.E. Purkinje, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Franka Ennen
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alena Semeradtova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of J.E. Purkinje, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Wrobel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of J.E. Purkinje, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Stofik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of J.E. Purkinje, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Knapova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of J.E. Purkinje, 400 96, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kuchar
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, v. v. i, Pru˚myslová 595, Vestec, ,252 42, Jesenice u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Cervenkova Stastna
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, v. v. i, Rozvojová 135, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Cermak
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, v. v. i, Rozvojová 135, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Sebo
- Institute of Microbiology CAS, v. v. i, Vídeˇnská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Maly
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, v. v. i, Pru˚myslová 595, Vestec, ,252 42, Jesenice u Prahy, Czech Republic
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31
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Torras J, Zanuy D, Aradilla D, Alemán C. Solvent effects on the properties of hyperbranched polythiophenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:24610-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04812a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
QM/MM-MD simulations of dendrimers using explicit solvent molecules capture the conformational flexibility and microfluctuations induced by different types of solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Torras
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- EEI
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- 08700 Igualada
- Spain
| | - David Zanuy
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- E.T.S. d'Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - David Aradilla
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- E.T.S. d'Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- E.T.S. d'Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
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32
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Figg CA, Kubo T, Sumerlin BS. Efficient and Chemoselective Synthesis of ω,ω-Heterodifunctional Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1114-1118. [PMID: 35614814 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a strategy for the preparation of semitelechelic polymers containing two distinct functionalities at one chain end by consecutive and chemoselective nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions on 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT). Because of its commercial availability, well-defined nature, and ubiquity in biological applications, monomethyl ether poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) was chosen to demonstrate the utility of this ω,ω-heterodifunctional end-group modification strategy. TCT-functionalized mPEG underwent highly efficient ω,ω-heterodisubstitution via sequential chemoselective substitution with model thiols and amines. The efficiency of nucleophile conjugation to the polymer end group was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and matrix assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In addition, density functional theory calculations provided insight into the importance of nucleophile addition order. This route introduces TCT derivatization as a powerful and facile tool to achieve specific polymeric end-group complexity and efficient heterogeneous functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Adrian Figg
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Tomohiro Kubo
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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33
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Baczko K, Fensterbank H, Berini B, Bordage N, Clavier G, Méallet-Renault R, Larpent C, Allard E. Azide-functionalized nanoparticles as quantized building block for the design of soft-soft fluorescent polystyrene core-PAMAM shell nanostructures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Baczko
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles UMR-CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines; 45 avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles cedex France
| | - Hélène Fensterbank
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles UMR-CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines; 45 avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles cedex France
| | - Bruno Berini
- Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée UMR-CNRS 8635, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines; 45 avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles cedex France
| | - Nadège Bordage
- P.P.S.M., CNRS UMR 8531, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan; 61 Avenue du Président Wilson 94235 Cachan Cedex France
| | - Gilles Clavier
- P.P.S.M., CNRS UMR 8531, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan; 61 Avenue du Président Wilson 94235 Cachan Cedex France
| | - Rachel Méallet-Renault
- P.P.S.M., CNRS UMR 8531, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan; 61 Avenue du Président Wilson 94235 Cachan Cedex France
| | - Chantal Larpent
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles UMR-CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines; 45 avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles cedex France
| | - Emmanuel Allard
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles UMR-CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines; 45 avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles cedex France
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34
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Välimäki S, Mikkilä J, Liljeström V, Rosilo H, Ora A, Kostiainen MA. Hierarchically ordered supramolecular protein-polymer composites with thermoresponsive properties. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:10201-13. [PMID: 25950765 PMCID: PMC4463641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160510201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic macromolecules that can bind and co-assemble with proteins are important for the future development of biohybrid materials. Active systems are further required to create materials that can respond and change their behavior in response to external stimuli. Here we report that stimuli-responsive linear-branched diblock copolymers consisting of a cationic multivalent dendron with a linear thermoresponsive polymer tail at the focal point, can bind and complex Pyrococcus furiosus ferritin protein cages into crystalline arrays. The multivalent dendron structure utilizes cationic spermine units to bind electrostatically on the surface of the negatively charged ferritin cage and the in situ polymerized poly(di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) linear block enables control with temperature. Cloud point of the final product was determined with dynamic light scattering (DLS), and it was shown to be approximately 31 °C at a concentration of 150 mg/L. Complexation of the polymer binder and apoferritin was studied with DLS, small-angle X-ray scattering, and transmission electron microscopy, which showed the presence of crystalline arrays of ferritin cages with a face-centered cubic (fcc, Fm3m)) Bravais lattice where lattice parameter a=18.6 nm. The complexation process was not temperature dependent but the final complexes had thermoresponsive characteristics with negative thermal expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla Välimäki
- Biohybrid Materials Group, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Joona Mikkilä
- Biohybrid Materials Group, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Ville Liljeström
- Biohybrid Materials Group, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
- Molecular Materials Group, Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Henna Rosilo
- Molecular Materials Group, Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Ari Ora
- Biohybrid Materials Group, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
- Molecular Materials Group, Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Mauri A Kostiainen
- Biohybrid Materials Group, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
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35
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Caminade AM, Ouali A, Laurent R, Majoral JP. Phosphorus dendrimers as supports of transition metal catalysts. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Molla MR, Rangadurai P, Pavan GM, Thayumanavan S. Experimental and theoretical investigations in stimuli responsive dendrimer-based assemblies. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:3817-37. [PMID: 25260107 PMCID: PMC4336240 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04563g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive macromolecular assemblies are of great interest in drug delivery applications, as it holds the promise to keep the drug molecules sequestered under one set of conditions and release them under another. The former set of conditions could represent circulation, while the latter could represent a disease location. Over the past two decades, sizeable contributions to this field have come from dendrimers, which along with their monodispersity, provide great scope for structural modifications at the molecular level. In this paper, we briefly discuss the various synthetic strategies that have been developed so far to obtain a range of functional dendrimers. We then discuss the design strategies utilized to introduce stimuli responsive elements within the dendritic architecture. The stimuli itself are broadly classified into two categories, viz. extrinsic and intrinsic. Extrinsic stimuli are externally induced such as temperature and light variations, while intrinsic stimuli involve physiological aberrations such as variations in pH, redox conditions, proteins and enzyme concentrations in pathological tissues. Furthermore, the unique support from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations has been highlighted. MD simulations have helped back many of the observations made from assembly formation properties to rationalized the mechanism of drug release and this has been illustrated with discussions on G4 PPI (Poly propylene imine) dendrimers and biaryl facially amphiphilic dendrimers. The synergy that exists between experimental and theoretical studies open new avenues for the use of dendrimers as versatile drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijanur Rahaman Molla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. Fax: + 1 413 545 4490; Tel: + 1 413 545 1313
| | - Poornima Rangadurai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. Fax: + 1 413 545 4490; Tel: + 1 413 545 1313
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Science of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Manno 6928, Switzerland. Tel: + 41 58 666 6676
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. Fax: + 1 413 545 4490; Tel: + 1 413 545 1313
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37
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Shao N, Wang H, He B, Wang Y, Xiao J, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Li Y, Cheng Y. Hydrogen-bonding dramatically modulates the gene transfection efficacy of surface-engineered dendrimers. Biomater Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00335g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen-bond modulation strategy represents a promising tool in the design of highly efficient and less cytotoxic gene materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimin Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P.R. China
| | - Bingwei He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- The Second Military Medical University
- Changzheng Hospital
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- The Second Military Medical University
- Changzheng Hospital
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P.R. China
| | - Yujia Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P.R. China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P.R. China
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38
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Enciso AE, Garzoni M, Pavan GM, Simanek EE. Influence of linker groups on the solubility of triazine dendrimers. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00917g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The choice of linking diamine has profound influence on the solubility of triazine dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan E. Enciso
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas Christian University
- Fort Worth
- USA
| | - Matteo Garzoni
- Department of Innovative Technologies
- University of Applied Science of Southern Switzerland
- 6962 Manno
- Switzerland
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies
- University of Applied Science of Southern Switzerland
- 6962 Manno
- Switzerland
| | - Eric E. Simanek
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas Christian University
- Fort Worth
- USA
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39
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Sharma R, Zhang I, Abbassi L, Rej R, Maysinger D, Roy R. A fast track strategy toward highly functionalized dendrimers with different structural layers: an “onion peel approach”. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01761g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy is described for the rapid syntheses of polyhydroxylated dendrimers in which the layer by layer building blocks are different from one another. The resulting dendrimers showed no cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Sharma
- Pharmaqam and Nanoqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Issan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - Leïla Abbassi
- Pharmaqam and Nanoqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Rabindra Rej
- Pharmaqam and Nanoqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - René Roy
- Pharmaqam and Nanoqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
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40
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Hatton FL, Tatham LM, Tidbury LR, Chambon P, He T, Owen A, Rannard SP. Hyperbranched polydendrons: a new nanomaterials platform with tuneable permeation through model gut epithelium. Chem Sci 2015; 6:326-334. [PMID: 28966760 PMCID: PMC5586204 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02889a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of nanomaterials for advanced therapies requires the formation of versatile platforms that may be tuned to maximize beneficial attributes and minimize unwanted negative behaviour. Additionally, the optimum route of administration is a key consideration of any new treatment and much work has been focused on direct injection into the systemic circulation rather than oral delivery. Here we describe a new approach to polymeric nanoparticle design and present initial results showing the potential for tuneable permeation through a gut epithelium model. Through the use of mixed initiators and branched vinyl polymerization, a series of systematically varying branched polymers have been synthesized and nanoprecipitated. The surprisingly uniform structures have undergone preliminary pharmacological evaluation to establish low cytotoxicity and enhanced permeation through model intestinal epithelial cells. This presents potential opportunities for future developments that may allow oral dosing to result in circulating polymeric nanoparticles; behaviour that may prove clinically desirable to many non-terminal or chronic diseases that utilise nanomedicines but wish to avoid regular or repeated intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L Hatton
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , L69 7ZD , UK .
| | - Lee M Tatham
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology , University of Liverpool , Block H, 70 Pembroke Place , Liverpool L69 3GF , UK
| | - Louise R Tidbury
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology , University of Liverpool , Block H, 70 Pembroke Place , Liverpool L69 3GF , UK
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , L69 7ZD , UK .
| | - Tao He
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences , Agency for Science , Technology and Research (ASTAR) , 1, Pesek Road, Jurong Island , 627833 , Singapore
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology , University of Liverpool , Block H, 70 Pembroke Place , Liverpool L69 3GF , UK
| | - Steven P Rannard
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , L69 7ZD , UK .
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41
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Shao N, Dai T, Liu Y, Li L, Cheng Y. Evidence of guest encapsulation within G8 and G10 dendrimers using NMR techniques. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:9153-9158. [PMID: 25318023 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01381f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of guest molecules within the interior cavities of dendrimers is promising, but high generation dendrimers show limited encapsulation capacity due to their dense surface shell. Here, for the first time, we prove that high generation polyamidoamine dendrimers, such as generation 8 and generation 10, are able to encapsulate hydrophobic guests using NMR spectroscopy. Guest molecules such as phenylbutazone, dexamethasone sodium phosphate and 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid with molecular weights up to 516 Da are in close proximity to the interior scaffold protons of high generation dendrimers. This encapsulation behavior depends on guest hydrophobicity. Chemical defects and back-folding of terminal groups make it possible for these guest molecules to penetrate through the dense surface shell of high generation dendrimers. These results provide new insights into the host-guest chemistry of dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimin Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P.R. China.
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42
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Schlüter AD, Halperin A, Kröger M, Vlassopoulos D, Wegner G, Zhang B. Dendronized Polymers: Molecular Objects between Conventional Linear Polymers and Colloidal Particles. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:991-998. [PMID: 35610802 DOI: 10.1021/mz500376e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The term molecular object (MO) is introduced to describe single, shape persistent macromolecules that retain their form and mesoscopic dimensions irrespective of solvent quality and adsorption onto a surface. The concept is illustrated with results concerning homologous series of dendronized polymers (DP). In particular, we discuss imaging experiments quantifying deformation upon adsorption, defect characterization, and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of DP structure. We argue that MOs such as high generation DP, with their large dimensions and high internal density, provide an opportunity to address fundamental questions regarding the onset of bulk-like behavior in single molecules. Illustrative examples of such questions concern the smallest MO exhibiting a glass transition, glassy behavior or a constant bulk density. The characteristics of DP MO are highlighted by comparison to polymer beads, polymeric micelles, globular proteins, and carbon nanotubes. We discuss future research directions and speculate on possibilities involving multiarmed and toroid DP and the effect of DP on friction and rheology, as well as their utilization for nanoconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Dieter Schlüter
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Avraham Halperin
- Laboratoire
de Spectrométrie Physique (LSP), CNRS Université Joseph Fourier, BP 87, 38402 Saint Martin d‘Hères
cedex, France
| | - Martin Kröger
- Polymer
Physics, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitris Vlassopoulos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation
for Research and Technology (FORTH), 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Gerhard Wegner
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Baozhong Zhang
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Lund University, Centre of Analysis and Synthesis, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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43
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Koskela JE, Liljeström V, Lim J, Simanek EE, Ras RH, Priimagi A, Kostiainen MA. Light-Fuelled Transport of Large Dendrimers and Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6850-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja502623m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jongdoo Lim
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Eric E. Simanek
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
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44
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Wu W, Driessen W, Jiang X. Oligo(ethylene glycol)-Based Thermosensitive Dendrimers and Their Tumor Accumulation and Penetration. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3145-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ja411457r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Xiqun Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
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45
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Hatton FL, Chambon P, McDonald TO, Owen A, Rannard SP. Hyperbranched polydendrons: a new controlled macromolecular architecture with self-assembly in water and organic solvents. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00360h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A new macromolecular architecture comprising multiple linear-dendritic hybrid copolymer sub-units is presented – hyperbranched polydendrons. The materials are very high molecular weight and disperse but undergo extremely uniform self-assembly behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 3GF, UK
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Enciso AE, Abid ZM, Simanek EE. Rapid, semi-automated convergent synthesis of low generation triazine dendrimers using microwave assisted reactions. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00349g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microwave assisted synthesis allows for the rapid access of low generation triazine dendrimers in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan E. Enciso
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas Christian University
- Fort Worth, USA
| | - Zachary M. Abid
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas Christian University
- Fort Worth, USA
| | - Eric E. Simanek
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas Christian University
- Fort Worth, USA
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Tomalia DA. Twenty-First Century Polymer Science After Staudinger: The Emergence of Dendrimers/Dendritic Polymers as a Fourth Major Architecture and Window to a New Nano-periodic System. HIERARCHICAL MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES: 60 YEARS AFTER THE STAUDINGER NOBEL PRIZE I 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2013_252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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