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Muangkaew P, Prasad D, De Roo V, Verleysen Y, Zhou L, De Mot R, Höfte M, Madder A, Geudens N, Martins JC. Breaking Cycles: Saponification-Enhanced NMR Fingerprint Matching for the Identification and Stereochemical Evaluation of Cyclic Lipodepsipeptides from Natural Sources. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400667. [PMID: 38647356 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
We previously described NMR based fingerprint matching with peptide backbone resonances as a fast and reliable structural dereplication approach for Pseudomonas cyclic lipodepsipeptides (CLiPs). In combination with total synthesis of a small library of configurational CLiP congeners this also allows unambiguous determination of stereochemistry, facilitating structure-activity relationship studies and enabling three-dimensional structure determination. However, the on-resin macrocycle formation in the synthetic workflow brings considerable burden and limits universal applicability. This drawback is here removed altogether by also transforming the native CLiP into a linearized analogue by controlled saponification of the ester bond. This eliminates the need for macrocycle formation, limiting the synthesis effort to linear peptide analogues. NMR fingerprints of such linear peptide analogues display a sufficiently distinctive chemical shift fingerprint to act as effective discriminators. The approach is developed using viscosin group CLiPs and subsequently demonstrated on putisolvin, leading to a structural revision, and tanniamide from Pseudomonas ekonensis COR58, a newly isolated lipododecapeptide that defines a new group characterized by a ten-residue large macrocycle, the largest to date in the Pseudomonas CLiP portfolio. These examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the saponification- enhanced approach that broadens applicability of NMR fingerprint matching for the determination of the stereochemistry of CLiPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penthip Muangkaew
- Organic Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Durga Prasad
- NMR and Structure Analysis Unit, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vic De Roo
- NMR and Structure Analysis Unit, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yentl Verleysen
- Organic Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lu Zhou
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - René De Mot
- Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KULeuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Organic Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niels Geudens
- NMR and Structure Analysis Unit, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - José C Martins
- NMR and Structure Analysis Unit, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Liu H, Chow HY, Liu J, Shi P, Li X. Prior disulfide bond-mediated Ser/Thr ligation. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04825c. [PMID: 39170718 PMCID: PMC11333947 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04825c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we developed a novel strategy, prior disulfide bond-mediated Ser/Thr ligation (PD-STL), for the chemical synthesis of peptides and proteins. This approach combines disulfide bond-forming chemistry with Ser/Thr ligation (STL), converting intermolecular STL into intramolecular STL to effectively proceed regardless of concentrations. We demonstrated the effectiveness of PD-STL under high dilution conditions, even for the relatively inert C-terminal proline at the ligation site. Additionally, we applied this method to synthesize the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain (2-104) of caveolin-1 and its Tyr14 phosphorylated form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Hoi Yee Chow
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Jiamei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
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3
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Ding Y, Lambden E, Peate J, Picken LJ, Rees TW, Perez-Ortiz G, Newgas SA, Spicer LAR, Hicks T, Hess J, Ulmschneider MB, Müller MM, Barry SM. Rapid Peptide Cyclization Inspired by the Modular Logic of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16787-16801. [PMID: 38842580 PMCID: PMC11191687 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Nonribosomal cyclic peptides (NRcPs) are structurally complex natural products and a vital pool of therapeutics, particularly antibiotics. Their structural diversity arises from the ability of the multidomain enzyme assembly lines, nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), to utilize bespoke nonproteinogenic amino acids, modify the linear peptide during elongation, and catalyze an array of cyclization modes, e.g., head to tail, side chain to tail. The study and drug development of NRcPs are often limited by a lack of easy synthetic access to NRcPs and their analogues, with selective macrolactamization being a major bottleneck. Herein, we report a generally applicable chemical macrocyclization method of unprecedented speed and selectivity. Inspired by biosynthetic cyclization, it combines the deprotected linear biosynthetic precursor peptide sequence with a highly reactive C-terminus to produce NRcPs and analogues in minutes. The method was applied to several NRcPs of varying sequences, ring sizes, and cyclization modes including rufomycin, colistin, and gramicidin S with comparable success. We thus demonstrate that the linear order of modules in NRPS enzymes that determines peptide sequence encodes the key structural information to produce peptides conformationally biased toward macrocyclization. To fully exploit this conformational bias synthetically, a highly reactive C-terminal acyl azide is also required, alongside carefully balanced pH and solvent conditions. This allows for consistent, facile cyclization of exceptional speed, selectivity, and atom efficiency. This exciting macrolactamization method represents a new enabling technology for the biosynthetic study of NRcPs and their development as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyu Ding
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Edward Lambden
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Jessica Peate
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Lewis J. Picken
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Thomas W. Rees
- The
Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K.
| | - Gustavo Perez-Ortiz
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Sophie A. Newgas
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Lucy A. R. Spicer
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Thomas Hicks
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Jeannine Hess
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
- The
Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K.
| | - Martin B. Ulmschneider
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Manuel M. Müller
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Sarah M. Barry
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
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4
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Wu H, Sun Z, Li X. Selective Peptide Cysteine Manipulation on Demand and Difficult Protein Chemical Synthesis Enabled by Controllable Acidolysis of N,S-Benzylidene Thioacetals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403396. [PMID: 38490953 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Although solid-phase peptide synthesis combining with chemical ligation provides a way to build up customized polypeptides in general, many targets are still presenting challenges for the conventional synthetic process, such as hydrophobic proteins. New methods and strategies are still required to overcome these obstacles. In this study, kinetic studies of Cys/Pen ligation and its acidolysis were performed, from which the fast acidolysis of substituted N,S-benzylidene thioacetals (NBTs) was discovered. The study demonstrates the potential of NBTs as a promising Cys switchable protection, facilitating the chemical synthesis of peptides and proteins by efficiently disrupting peptide aggregation. The compatibility of NBTs with other commonly adopted Cys protecting groups and their applications in sequential disulfide bond formation were also investigated. The first chemical synthesis of the native human programmed death ligand 1 immunoglobulin V-like (PD-L1 IgV) domain was achieved using the NBT strategy, showcasing its potential in difficult protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of, China
| | - Zhenquan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of, China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University China, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
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5
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Qiao S, Cheng Z, Li F. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of macrocyclic peptides and polyketides via thioesterase-catalyzed macrocyclization. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:721-733. [PMID: 38590533 PMCID: PMC10999997 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemoenzymatic strategies that combine synthetic and enzymatic transformations offer efficient approaches to yield target molecules, which have been increasingly employed in the synthesis of bioactive natural products. In the biosynthesis of macrocyclic nonribosomal peptides, polyketides, and their hybrids, thioesterase (TE) domains play a significant role in late-stage macrocyclization. These domains can accept mimics of native substrates in vitro and exhibit potential for use in total synthesis. This review summarizes the recent advances of TE domains in the chemoenzymatic synthesis for these natural products that aim to address the common issues in classical synthetic approaches and increase synthetic efficiencies, which have the potential to facilitate further pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senze Qiao
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhongyu Cheng
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fuzhuo Li
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
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6
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Guan D, Li J, Chen F, Li J, Bian X, Yu Y, Feng X, Lan L, Huang W. A facile and selective derivatization approach on kynurenine-NH 2 in daptomycin, leading to the discovery of hexakynomycin to combat multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens especially daptomycin-resistant bacteria. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115638. [PMID: 37482019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Wide-spread use of daptomycin unavoidably resulted in the emergence of daptomycin-resistant pathogens. In the hunt for more active daptomycin derivatives through medicinal chemistry studies, we established a concise semisynthetic approach to modify the L-Kyn13 on daptomycin specifically and effectively. Here, 19 novel derivatives with certain diversity were designed and synthesized to perform a comprehensive SAR study on this underestimated position. The optimal compound, termed "hexakynomycin", as the new generation of daptomycin-based antibiotic candidate exhibited 4->125-fold higher activity against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate resistant S. aureus (VISA), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), including daptomycin-resistant strains, compared with that of daptomycin. Greater membrane binding capacity rendered hexakynomycin better activity and special antibiotic property. Hexakynomycin also demonstrated a better pharmacokinetic profile, good safety features and good pharmacodynamics properties. This work provided an effective modification strategy aiming at daptomycin which provided significant insights and showed great promise for the next generation of daptomycin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Feifei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Xiaolei Bian
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, China
| | - Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Xinxin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
| | - Lefu Lan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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7
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Pilz M, Cavelius P, Qoura F, Awad D, Brück T. Lipopeptides development in cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications: A comprehensive review. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108210. [PMID: 37460047 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipopeptides are surface active, natural products of bacteria, fungi and green-blue algae origin, having diverse structures and functionalities. In analogy, a number of chemical synthesis techniques generated new designer lipopeptides with desirable features and functions. Lipopetides are self-assembly guided, supramolecular compounds which have the capacity of high-density presentation of the functional epitopes at the surface of the nanostructures. This feature contributes to their successful application in several industry sectors, including food, feed, personal care, and pharmaceutics. In this comprehensive review, the novel class of ribosomally synthesized lipopeptides is introduced alongside the more commonly occuring non-ribosomal lipopeptides. We highlight key representatives of the most researched as well as recently described lipopeptide families, with emphasis on structural features, self-assembly and associated functions. The common biological, chemical and hybrid production routes of lipopeptides, including prominent analogues and derivatives are also discussed. Furthermore, genetic engineering strategies aimed at increasing lipopeptide yields, diversity and biological activity are summarized and exemplified. With respect to application, this work mainly details the potential of lipopeptides in personal care and cosmetics industry as cleansing agents, moisturizer, anti-aging/anti-wrinkling, skin whitening and preservative agents as well as the pharmaceutical industry as anitimicrobial agents, vaccines, immunotherapy, and cancer drugs. Given that this review addresses human applications, we conclude on the topic of safety of lipopeptide formulations and their sustainable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Pilz
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Philipp Cavelius
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Farah Qoura
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dania Awad
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany.
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8
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Darbyshire AL, Wolthers KR. Expanding the β-substitution reactions of serine synthase through mutagenesis of aromatic active site residues. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 746:109727. [PMID: 37625767 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, possesses a fold II type pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible β-replacement of l-cysteine and l-serine, generating H2S and H2O, respectively. This enzyme, termed serine synthase (FN1055), contains an active site Asp232 that serves as a general base in the activation of a water molecule for nucleophilic attack of the ⍺-aminoacrylate intermediate. A network of hydrophobic residues surrounding Asp232 are key to catalysis as they increase the basicity of the side chain. However, these residues severely restrict the range of nucleophilic substrates that can react with the ⍺-aminoacrylate, making the enzyme an ineffective biocatalyst for noncanonical amino acid biosynthesis. Herein, we systematically substituted four aromatic active residues (Trp99, Phe125, Phe148 and Phe234) to an alanine to determine their catalytic importance in serine/cysteine synthase reactions and if their substitution could broaden the scope of nucleophiles that could react with the ⍺-aminoacrylate intermediate. All four single site mutants W99A, F125A, F148A, and F234A could form the ⍺-aminoacrylate intermediate upon reaction with either l-cysteine or l-serine; however, the rate constant associated with the elimination of the β-hydroxyl group from l-serine was 150 to 200-fold lower in the F125A and F148A variants. Substitution of Phe125 and Phe148, situated ∼3-4 Å from the general base, also abolished the serine synthase reaction due to their inability to activate a water molecule for nucleophilic attack of the ⍺-aminoacrylate. Overall, the mutational studies indicate that the clustering of aromatic residues disproportionately benefits the serine synthase reaction as they increase the binding affinity for l-cysteine, decrease the binding of the product, l-serine, and promote the activation of a water molecule. Notably, the aminoacrylate species present in F125A and F148A was able to react with thiophenol, signifying that serine synthase has biocatalytic potential in the synthesis of noncanonical amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten R Wolthers
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, Canada.
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9
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Lin S, Mo Z, Wang P, He C. Oxidation and Phenolysis of Peptide/Protein C-Terminal Hydrazides Afford Salicylaldehyde Ester Surrogates for Chemical Protein Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37470345 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
With the growing popularity of serine/threonine ligation (STL) and cysteine/penicillamine ligation (CPL) in chemical protein synthesis, facile and general approaches for the preparation of peptide salicylaldehyde (SAL) esters are urgently needed, especially those viable for obtaining expressed protein SAL esters. Herein, we report the access of SAL ester surrogates from peptide hydrazides (obtained either synthetically or recombinantly) via nitrite oxidation and phenolysis by 3-(1,3-dithian-2-yl)-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (SAL(-COOH)PDT). The resulting peptide SAL(-COOH)PDT esters can be activated to afford the reactive peptide SAL(-COOH) esters for subsequent STL/CPL. While being operationally simple for both synthetic peptides and expressed proteins, the current strategy facilitates convergent protein synthesis and combined application of STL with NCL. The generality of the strategy is showcased by the N-terminal ubiquitination of the growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein (Gadd45a), the efficient synthesis of ubiquitin-like protein 5 (UBL-5) via a combined N-to-C NCL-STL strategy, and the C-to-N semisynthesis of a myoglobin (Mb) variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zeyuan Mo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chunmao He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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10
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Costa L, Sousa E, Fernandes C. Cyclic Peptides in Pipeline: What Future for These Great Molecules? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:996. [PMID: 37513908 PMCID: PMC10386233 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic peptides are molecules that are already used as drugs in therapies approved for various pharmacological activities, for example, as antibiotics, antifungals, anticancer, and immunosuppressants. Interest in these molecules has been growing due to the improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the cyclic structure over linear peptides and by the evolution of chemical synthesis, computational, and in vitro methods. To date, 53 cyclic peptides have been approved by different regulatory authorities, and many others are in clinical trials for a wide diversity of conditions. In this review, the potential of cyclic peptides is presented, and general aspects of their synthesis and development are discussed. Furthermore, an overview of already approved cyclic peptides is also given, and the cyclic peptides in clinical trials are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Costa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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11
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Zhang S, Chen Y, Zhu J, Lu Q, Cryle MJ, Zhang Y, Yan F. Structural diversity, biosynthesis, and biological functions of lipopeptides from Streptomyces. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:557-594. [PMID: 36484454 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00044j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2022Streptomyces are ubiquitous in terrestrial and marine environments, where they display a fascinating metabolic diversity. As a result, these bacteria are a prolific source of active natural products. One important class of these natural products is the nonribosomal lipopeptides, which have diverse biological activities and play important roles in the lifestyle of Streptomyces. The importance of this class is highlighted by the use of related antibiotics in the clinic, such as daptomycin (tradename Cubicin). By virtue of recent advances spanning chemistry and biology, significant progress has been made in biosynthetic studies on the lipopeptide antibiotics produced by Streptomyces. This review will serve as a comprehensive guide for researchers working in this multidisciplinary field, providing a summary of recent progress regarding the investigation of lipopeptides from Streptomyces. In particular, we highlight the structures, properties, biosynthetic mechanisms, chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis, and biological functions of lipopeptides. In addition, the application of genome mining techniques to Streptomyces that have led to the discovery of many novel lipopeptides is discussed, further demonstrating the potential of lipopeptides from Streptomyces for future development in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songya Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yunliang Chen
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
- The Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 1000050, China.
| | - Jing Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiujie Lu
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Max J Cryle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800 Australia
- EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800 Australia
| | - Youming Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Fu Yan
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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12
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Kaguchi R, Katsuyama A, Sato T, Takahashi S, Horiuchi M, Yokota SI, Ichikawa S. Discovery of Biologically Optimized Polymyxin Derivatives Facilitated by Peptide Scanning and In Situ Screening Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3665-3681. [PMID: 36708325 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Peptides can be converted to highly active compounds by introducing appropriate substituents on the suitable amino acid residue. Although modifiable residues in peptides can be systematically identified by peptide scanning methodologies, there is no practical method for optimization at the "scanned" position. With the purpose of using derivatives not only for scanning but also as a starting point for further chemical functionalization, we herein report the "scanning and direct derivatization" strategy through chemoselective acylation of embedded threonine residues by a serine/threonine ligation (STL) with the help of in situ screening chemistry. We have applied this strategy to the optimization of the polymyxin antibiotics, which were selected as a model system to highlight the power of the rapid derivatization of active scanning derivatives. Using this approach, we explored the structure-activity relationships of the polymyxins and successfully prepared derivatives with activity against polymyxin-resistant bacteria and those with Pseudomonas aeruginosa selective antibacterial activity. This strategy opens up efficient structural exploration and further optimization of peptide sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Kaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
| | - Akira Katsuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0812, Japan.,Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
| | - Toyotaka Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School/Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0818, Japan.,Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0818, Japan.,One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0818, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Minami-1, Nishi-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo060-8543, Japan.,Division of Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Minami-1, Nishi-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo060-8543, Japan
| | - Motohiro Horiuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School/Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0818, Japan.,Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0818, Japan.,One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0818, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yokota
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Minami-1, Nishi-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo060-8556, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ichikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0812, Japan.,Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
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13
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A Comprehensive Overview of the Antibiotics Approved in the Last Two Decades: Retrospects and Prospects. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041762. [PMID: 36838752 PMCID: PMC9962477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the overuse of antibiotics, bacterial resistance has markedly increased to become a global problem and a major threat to human health. Fortunately, in recent years, various new antibiotics have been developed through both improvements to traditional antibiotics and the discovery of antibiotics with novel mechanisms with the aim of addressing the decrease in the efficacy of traditional antibiotics. This manuscript reviews the antibiotics that have been approved for marketing in the last 20 years with an emphasis on the antibacterial properties, mechanisms, structure-activity relationships (SARs), and clinical safety of these antibiotics. Furthermore, the current deficiencies, opportunities for improvement, and prospects of antibiotics are thoroughly discussed to provide new insights for the design and development of safer and more potent antibiotics.
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14
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Taylor SD. A Decade of Research on Daptomycin. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1885-4934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDaptomycin is a calcium-dependent cyclic lipodepsipeptide antibiotic that is used in the clinic for treating serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. In this account, I present a summary of the research that has been conducted in my group on daptomycin’s total chemical synthesis, its structure–activity relationships, and its mechanism of action, since we began our studies a decade ago.1 Introduction2 Solid-Phase Synthesis of Daptomycin by an On-Resin Cyclization3 α-Azido Acids and Alternative Routes to Daptomycin by On-Resin Cyclization4 Synthesis of Daptomycin by an Off-Resin Cyclization5 SAR Studies on Daptomycin6 Oligomerization of Daptomycin on Membranes7 The Chiral Target of Daptomycin8 SAR Studies on Phosphatidylglycerol9 Conclusions
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15
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Nakamuro T, Kamei K, Sun K, Bode JW, Harano K, Nakamura E. Time-Resolved Atomistic Imaging and Statistical Analysis of Daptomycin Oligomers with and without Calcium Ions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13612-13622. [PMID: 35857028 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Daptomycin (DP) is effective against multiple drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens because of its distinct mechanism of action. An accepted mechanism includes Ca2+-triggered aggregation of the DP molecule to form oligomers. DP and its oligomers have so far defied structural analysis at a molecular level. We studied the ability of DP molecule to aggregate by itself in water, the effects of Ca2+ ions to promote the aggregation, and the connectivity of the DP molecules in the oligomers by the combined use of dynamic light scattering in water and atomic-resolution cinematographic imaging of DP molecules captured on a carbon nanotube on which the DP molecule is installed as a fishhook. We found that the DP molecule aggregates weakly into dimers, trimers, and tetramers in water, and strongly in the presence of calcium ions, and that the tetramer is the largest oligomer in homogeneous aqueous solution. The dimer remains as the major species, and we propose a face-to-face stacked structure based on dynamic imaging using millisecond and angstrom resolution transmission electron microscopy. The tetramer in its cyclic form is the largest oligomer observed, while the trimer forms in its linear form. The study has shown that the DP molecule has an intrinsic property of forming tetramers in water, which is enhanced by the presence of calcium ions. Such experimental structural information will serve as a platform for future drug design. The data also illustrate the utility of cinematographic recording for the study of self-organization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nakamuro
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ko Kamei
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keyi Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jeffrey W Bode
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Koji Harano
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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16
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Chow HY, Po KHL, Chen S, Li X. Studies on daptomycin lactam-based analogues. J Pept Sci 2022; 28:e3430. [PMID: 35767148 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of a series of daptomycin lactam-based analogues. As compared with daptomycin, the daptomycin analogue with singly modified lactam has an eightfold increase in its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Incorporating effective modifications found in previous daptomycin structure-activity relationship studies to produce lactam-based analogues with multiple modifications did not improve the antibacterial activity of the analogues. Instead, the antibacterial activity was greatly reduced when a rather rigid 4-(phenylethynyl)benzoyl group replaced the flexible n-decanoyl group. The fact that the lactam analogue with the 4-(phenylethynyl)benzoyl group did not exhibit the antibacterial activity comparable to the two respective singly modified analogues showed that the inactivity was probably due to the deviation from the active conformation. This series of lactam analogues may generate insights on the importance of studying the active conformation of daptomycin and how the structural modifications affect the active conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Yee Chow
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Kathy Hiu Laam Po
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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17
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Wu J, Peng Z, Shen T, Liu ZQ. Electrosynthesis of ortho‐Amino Aryl Ketones by Aerobic Electrooxidative Cleavage of the C(2)=C(3)/C(2)‐N Bonds of N‐Boc Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Wu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine CHINA
| | - Zehui Peng
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine CHINA
| | - Tong Shen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine CHINA
| | - Zhong-Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University CHINA
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18
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Yan H, Chen F. Recent Progress in Solid‐Phase Total Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Small Peptides. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 People's Republic of China
| | - Fen‐Er Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 People's Republic of China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of Chemistry Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
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19
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Barnawi G, Noden M, Goodyear J, Marlyn J, Schneider O, Beriashvili D, Schulz S, Moreira R, Palmer M, Taylor SD. Discovery of Highly Active Derivatives of Daptomycin by Assessing the Effect of Amino Acid Substitutions at Positions 8 and 11 on a Daptomycin Analogue. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:778-789. [PMID: 35317552 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Daptomycin is an important antibiotic used for treating serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Establishing structure-activity relationships of daptomycin is important for developing new daptomycin-based antibiotics with expanded clinical applications and for tackling the ever-increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance. Toward this end, Dap-K6-E12-W13, an active analogue of daptomycin in which the uncommon amino acids in daptomycin are replaced with their common counterparts, was used as a model system for studying the effect of amino acid variation at positions 8 and 11 on in vitro biological activity against a model organism, Bacillus subtilis, and calcium-dependent insertion into model membranes. None of the new peptides were more active than Dap-K6-E12-W13; however, substitution at positions 8 and/or 11 with cationic residues resulted in little or no loss of activity, and some of these analogues were able to insert into model membranes at lower calcium ion concentrations than the parent peptide. Incorporation of these cationic residues into positions 8 and/or 11 of daptomycin itself yielded some derivatives that exhibited lower minimum inhibitory concentrations than daptomycin against B. subtilis 1046 as well as comparable and sometimes superior activity against clinical isolates of MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghufran Barnawi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michael Noden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jeremy Goodyear
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Julian Marlyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Olivia Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - David Beriashvili
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sarah Schulz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ryan Moreira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michael Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Scott D. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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20
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Ledger EVK, Sabnis A, Edwards AM. Polymyxin and lipopeptide antibiotics: membrane-targeting drugs of last resort. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168:001136. [PMID: 35118938 PMCID: PMC8941995 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The polymyxin and lipopeptide classes of antibiotics are membrane-targeting drugs of last resort used to treat infections caused by multi-drug-resistant pathogens. Despite similar structures, these two antibiotic classes have distinct modes of action and clinical uses. The polymyxins target lipopolysaccharide in the membranes of most Gram-negative species and are often used to treat infections caused by carbapenem-resistant species such as Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By contrast, the lipopeptide daptomycin requires membrane phosphatidylglycerol for activity and is only used to treat infections caused by drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. However, despite having distinct targets, both antibiotic classes cause membrane disruption, are potently bactericidal in vitro and share similarities in resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, there are concerns about the efficacy of these antibiotics, and there is increasing interest in using both polymyxins and daptomycin in combination therapies to improve patient outcomes. In this review article, we will explore what is known about these distinct but structurally similar classes of antibiotics, discuss recent advances in the field and highlight remaining gaps in our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V. K. Ledger
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Akshay Sabnis
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew M. Edwards
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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21
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Cheung CHP, Chow HY, Li C, Blasco P, Chen K, Chen S, Li X. Synthesis of a daptomycin thiolactone analogue via the
MeDbz
‐linker‐based cyclative‐cleavage approach. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoi Yee Chow
- Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Pilar Blasco
- Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Kaichao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health The City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health The City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
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22
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Li H, Li J, Chao J, Zhang Z, Qin C. Head-to-tail cyclization for the synthesis of naturally occurring cyclic peptides on organophosphorus small-molecular supports. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01362a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
4,4′-bis(diphenylphosphinyloxyl) diphenyl ketoxime and 4-diphenyl phospholoxy benzyl alcohol were designed and prepared as supports for peptide synthesis. The total synthesis of cyclic peptides in a resin-free manner was successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidi Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Special Functional & Intelligent Polymer materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Supernormal Material Physics & Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Polymer Science & Technology, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Junyou Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Special Functional & Intelligent Polymer materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Supernormal Material Physics & Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Polymer Science & Technology, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Special Functional & Intelligent Polymer materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Supernormal Material Physics & Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Polymer Science & Technology, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zixin Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Special Functional & Intelligent Polymer materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Supernormal Material Physics & Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Polymer Science & Technology, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Chuanguang Qin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Special Functional & Intelligent Polymer materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Supernormal Material Physics & Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Polymer Science & Technology, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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23
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Liu J, Wei T, Tan Y, Liu H, Li X. Enabling chemical protein (semi)synthesis via reducible solubilizing tags (RSTs). Chem Sci 2022; 13:1367-1374. [PMID: 35222920 PMCID: PMC8809390 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06387a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The reducible solubilizing tag strategy served as a simple and powerful method for the chemical synthesis and semi-synthesis via Ser/Thr ligation and Cys/Pen ligation of extensive self-assembly peptides, membrane proteins with poor solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tongyao Wei
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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24
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Liu J, Li X. Serine/Threonine Ligation and Cysteine/Penicillamine Ligation. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2530:33-43. [PMID: 35761040 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2489-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Serine/threonine ligation (STL) and cysteine/penicillamine ligation (CPL) are highly chemo- and regioselective reactions between unprotected peptides with C-terminus salicylaldehyde esters and unprotected peptides with N-terminus serine/threonine or cysteine/penicillamine, which serve as powerful tools for cyclic peptide natural product and chemical protein synthesis. Herein, we introduce the preparation of C-terminal peptide salicylaldehyde esters, serine/threonine ligation, cysteine/penicillamine ligation, and subsequent acidolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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25
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Complex cyclic peptide synthesis via serine/threonine ligation chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 54:128430. [PMID: 34757215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-ribosomal cyclic peptides are abundant in natural sources, exhibiting attractive bioactivities and favorable pharmacological properties. Furthermore, their structural complexity renders them as attractive synthetic targets. A general task for cyclic peptide synthesis is the peptide cyclization. Compared to the traditional dehydration-based peptide macrolactamization, chemoselective peptide ligation provides an alternative, sometimes advantageous, strategy to cyclize peptides. Herein, we provide a series of structurally complex cyclic peptide examples whose total syntheses were achieved via peptide ligation-mediated peptide cyclization. The special features of these strategies for achieving the total synthesis are highlighted.
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26
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Zhou Y, Liang XW. Recent applications of solid-phase strategy in total synthesis of antibiotics. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37942-37951. [PMID: 35498098 PMCID: PMC9043915 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics produced by soil microorganisms have been widespread and have cured the most prevalent diseases since 1940s. However, recent bacterial resistance to existing antibacterial drugs is causing a public health crisis. The structure-activity relationship of antibiotics needs to be established to search for existing antibiotics-based next-generation drug candidates that can conquer the challenge of bacterial resistance preparedness, which relies on the development of highly efficient total synthesis strategies. The solid-phase strategy has become important to circumvent tedious intermediate isolation and purification procedures with simple filtrations. This review will give a brief overview of recent applications of solid-phase strategy in the total synthesis of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhou
- Jinling High School 169 Zhongshan Road Nanjing Jiangsu 210005 China
| | - Xiao-Wei Liang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410008 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410013 China
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27
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Ma J, Luo J, Jiang K, Zhang G, Liu S, Yin B. Access to Polycyclic Thienoindolines via Formal [2+2+1] Cyclization of Alkynyl Indoles with S 8 and K 2S. Org Lett 2021; 23:8033-8038. [PMID: 34617760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of polycyclic thienoindolines bearing a dihydrothiophene or tetrahydrothiophene subunit have not been reported, despite the fact that such compounds may have interesting medicinal properties. Herein, we report a protocol for accessing polycyclic dihydrothiophenes by means of formal [2+2+1] intramolecular dearomatizing cyclization of alkynyl indoles with K2S and S8 as the sources of sulfide. In addition, tetrahydrothienoindolines were stereoselectively synthesized via a one-pot, two-step protocol involving AgNO3-catalyzed alkenyl dearomatization followed by two nucleophilic addition reactions involving K2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Ma
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guangwen Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shubin Liu
- Research Computing Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3420, United States
| | - Biaolin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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28
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Abstract
AbstractOver the past more than ten years, my laboratory has been engaged in the total synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and chemical biology studies on daptomycin. Our efforts are expected to advance new understanding of this effective cyclic lipodepsipeptide antibiotic. In this Account, this long journey is presented.1 Introduction2 Total Synthesis of Daptomycin3 Medicinal Chemistry of Daptomycin4 Molecular Comparison of Daptomycin and Kynomycin5 New Insight into How Daptomycin Exerts Bactericidal Effect6 Conclusion
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29
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Wu CH, Chu J. Total Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Pagoamide A. Front Chem 2021; 9:741290. [PMID: 34595153 PMCID: PMC8476950 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.741290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are often the starting point for drug development and also the testing ground for synthetic methods. Herein we describe the total synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of a marine natural product, pagoamide A, which is a macrocyclic depsipeptide with two backbone thiazole units and a dimethylated N-terminus. The two thiazole building blocks were synthesized from commercially available materials in four or fewer steps and employed directly in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) to afford pagoamide A. The use of SPPS ensured that the synthetic sequence is operationally straightforward and, if needed, permits modular substitution of building blocks to easily access diverse structural analogs. Our antimicrobial assays showed that pagoamide A has moderate activity against Bacillus subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - John Chu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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30
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Kotsogianni I, Wood TM, Alexander FM, Cochrane SA, Martin NI. Binding Studies Reveal Phospholipid Specificity and Its Role in the Calcium-Dependent Mechanism of Action of Daptomycin. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2612-2619. [PMID: 34406007 PMCID: PMC8438661 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria pose a serious global health threat as antibiotics are increasingly losing their clinical efficacy. A molecular level understanding of the mechanism of action of antimicrobials plays a key role in developing new agents to combat the threat of antimicrobial resistance. Daptomycin, the only clinically used calcium-dependent lipopeptide antibiotic, selectively disrupts Gram-positive bacterial membranes to illicit its bactericidal effect. In this study, we use isothermal titration calorimetry to further characterize the structural features of the target bacterial phospholipids that drive daptomycin binding. Our studies reveal that daptomycin shows a clear preference for the phosphoglycerol headgroup. Furthermore, unlike other calcium-dependent lipopeptide antibiotics, calcium binding by daptomycin is strongly dependent on the presence of phosphatidylglycerol. These investigations provide new insights into daptomycin's phospholipid specificity and calcium binding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioli Kotsogianni
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas M. Wood
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca M. Alexander
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A. Cochrane
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Nathaniel I. Martin
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
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31
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Wang J, Lin D, Liu M, Liu H, Blasco P, Sun Z, Cheung YC, Chen S, Li X. Total Synthesis of Mannopeptimycin β via β-Hydroxyenduracididine Ligation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12784-12790. [PMID: 34352177 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonribosomal peptide synthesis in bacteria has endowed cyclic peptides with fascinating structural complexity via incorporating nonproteinogenic amino acids. These bioactive cyclic peptides provide interesting structural motifs for exploring total synthesis and medicinal chemistry studies. Cyclic glycopeptide mannopeptimycins exhibit antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive pathogens and act as the lipid II binder to stop bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Here, we report a strategy streamlining solution phase-solid phase synthesis and chemical ligation-mediated peptide cyclization for the total synthesis of mannopeptimycin β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Du'an Lin
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Pilar Blasco
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhenquan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chu Cheung
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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32
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Hayes HC, Luk LYP, Tsai YH. Approaches for peptide and protein cyclisation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3983-4001. [PMID: 33978044 PMCID: PMC8114279 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00411e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The cyclisation of polypeptides can play a crucial role in exerting biological functions, maintaining stability under harsh conditions and conferring proteolytic resistance, as demonstrated both in nature and in the laboratory. To date, various approaches have been reported for polypeptide cyclisation. These approaches range from the direct linkage of N- and C- termini to the connection of amino acid side chains, which can be applied both in reaction vessels and in living systems. In this review, we categorise the cyclisation approaches into chemical methods (e.g. direct backbone cyclisation, native chemical ligation, aldehyde-based ligations, bioorthogonal reactions, disulphide formation), enzymatic methods (e.g. subtiligase variants, sortases, asparaginyl endopeptidases, transglutaminases, non-ribosomal peptide synthetases) and protein tags (e.g. inteins, engineered protein domains for isopeptide bond formation). The features of each approach and the considerations for selecting an appropriate method of cyclisation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Hayes
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Louis Y P Luk
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK and Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK and Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.
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33
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Hanna CC, Hermant YO, Harris PWR, Brimble MA. Discovery, Synthesis, and Optimization of Peptide-Based Antibiotics. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1878-1890. [PMID: 33750106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The rise of multidrug resistant bacteria has significantly compromised our supply of antibiotics and poses an alarming medical and economic threat to society. To combat this problem, it is imperative that new antibiotics and treatment modalities be developed, especially those toward which bacteria are less capable of developing resistance. Peptide natural products stand as promising candidates to meet this need as bacterial resistance is typically slow in response to their unique modes of action. They also have additional benefits including favorable modulation of host immune responses and often possess broad-spectrum activity against notoriously treatment resistant bacterial biofilms. Moreover, nature has provided a wealth of peptide-based natural products from a range of sources, including bacteria and fungi, which can be hijacked in order to combat more dangerous clinically relevant infections.This Account highlights recent advances in the total synthesis and development of a range of peptide-based natural product antibiotics and details the medicinal chemistry approaches used to optimize their activity.In the context of antibiotics with potential to treat Gram-positive bacterial infections, this Account covers the synthesis and optimization of the natural products daptomycin, glycocin F, and alamethicin. In particular, the reported synthesis of daptomycin highlights the utility of on-resin ozonolysis for accessing a key kynurenine residue from the canonical amino acid tryptophan. Furthermore, the investigation into glycocin F analogues uncovered a potent lead compound against Lactobacillus plantarum that bears a non-native thioacetal linkage to a N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) sugar, which is otherwise O-linked in its native form.For mycobacterial infections, this Account covers the synthesis and optimization of teixobactin, callyaerin A, lassomycin, and trichoderin A. The synthesis of callyaerin A, in particular, highlighted the importance of a (Z)-2,3-diaminoacrylamide motif for antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while the synthesis of trichoderin A highlighted the importance of (R)-stereoconfiguration in a key 2-amino-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-8-oxodecanoic acid (AHMOD) residue.Lastly, this Account covers lipopeptide antibiotics bearing activity toward Gram-negative bacterial infections, namely, battacin and paenipeptin C. In both cases, optimization of the N-terminal lipid tails led to the identification of analogues with potent activity toward Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron C. Hanna
- School of Chemical Sciences The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yann O. Hermant
- School of Chemical Sciences The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds St, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds St, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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34
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Moreira R, Wolfe J, Taylor SD. A high-yielding solid-phase total synthesis of daptomycin using a Fmoc SPPS stable kynurenine synthon. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3144-3153. [PMID: 33508054 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02504f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A high-yielding total synthesis of daptomycin, an important clinical antibiotic, is described. Key to the development of this synthesis was the elucidation of a Camps cyclization reaction that occurs in the solid-phase when conventionally used kynurenine (Kyn) synthons, such as Fmoc-l-Kyn(Boc,CHO)-OH and Fmoc-l-Kyn(CHO,CHO)-OH, are exposed to 20% 2-methylpiperidine (2MP)/DMF. During the synthesis of daptomycin, this side reaction was accompanied by intractable peptide decomposition, which resulted in a low yield of Dap and a 4-quinolone containing peptide. The Camps cyclization was found to occur in solution when Boc-l-Kyn(Boc,CHO)-Ot-Bu and Boc-l-Kyn(CHO,CHO)-OMe were exposed to 20% 2MP/DMF giving the corresponding 4-quinolone amino acid. In contrast, Boc-l-Kyn(CHO)-OMe was stable under these conditions, demonstrating that removing one of the electron withdrawing groups from the aforementioned building blocks prevents enolization in 2MP/DMF. Hence, a new synthesis of daptomycin was developed using Fmoc-l-Kyn(Boc)-OH, which is prepared in two steps from Fmoc-l-Trp(Boc)-OH, that proceeded with an unprecedented 22% overall yield. The simplicity and efficiency of this synthesis will facilitate the preparation of analogs of daptomycin. In addition, the elucidation of this side reaction will simplify preparation of other Kyn-containing natural products via Fmoc SPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Moreira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, CanadaN2L 3G1.
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35
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Cheung CHP, Xu J, Lee CL, Zhang Y, Wei R, Bierer D, Huang X, Li X. Construction of diverse peptide structural architectures via chemoselective peptide ligation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7091-7097. [PMID: 34123337 PMCID: PMC8153220 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01174j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the development of a facile synthetic strategy for constructing diverse peptide structural architectures via chemoselective peptide ligation. The key advancement involved is to utilize the benzofuran moiety as the peptide salicylaldehyde ester surrogate, and Dap-Ser/Lys-Ser dipeptide as the hydroxyl amino functionality, which could be successfully introduced at the side chain of peptides enabling peptide ligation. With this method, the side chain-to-side chain cyclic peptide, branched/bridged peptides, tailed cyclic peptides and multi-cyclic peptides have been designed and successfully synthesized with native peptidic linkages at the ligation sites. This strategy has provided an alternative strategic opportunity for synthetic peptide development. It also serves as an inspiration for the structural design of PPI inhibitors with new modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Hey Pui Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Jianchao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Chi Lung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Ruohan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Donald Bierer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Bayer AG Aprather Weg 18A 42096 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Xuhui Huang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
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36
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Yuan X, Cui Y, Zhang X, Qin L, Sun Q, Duan X, Chen L, Li G, Qiu J, Guo K. Electrochemical Tri‐ and Difluoromethylation‐Triggered Cyclization Accompanied by the Oxidative Cleavage of Indole Derivatives. Chemistry 2021; 27:6522-6528. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Rd S Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Sheng Cui
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Rd S Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Xin‐Peng Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Rd S Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Long‐Zhou Qin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Rd S Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Rd S Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Xiu Duan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Rd S Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Rd S Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Guigen Li
- Institute of Chemistry & Biomedical Science Nanjing University No.163, Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech University Lubbock TX 79409-1061 USA
| | - Jiang‐Kai Qiu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Rd S Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Rd S Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
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37
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A versatile resin for the generation of thioether-bonded head-to-tail cyclized peptides. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.152867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Ahangarpour M, Kavianinia I, Harris PWR, Brimble MA. Photo-induced radical thiol-ene chemistry: a versatile toolbox for peptide-based drug design. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:898-944. [PMID: 33404559 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00354a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While the global market for peptide/protein-based therapeutics is witnessing significant growth, the development of peptide drugs remains challenging due to their low oral bioavailability, poor membrane permeability, and reduced metabolic stability. However, a toolbox of chemical approaches has been explored for peptide modification to overcome these obstacles. In recent years, there has been a revival of interest in photoinduced radical thiol-ene chemistry as a powerful tool for the construction of therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ahangarpour
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
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39
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Watkins-Dulaney E, Straathof S, Arnold F. Tryptophan Synthase: Biocatalyst Extraordinaire. Chembiochem 2021; 22:5-16. [PMID: 32677310 PMCID: PMC7935429 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan synthase (TrpS) has emerged as a paragon of noncanonical amino acid (ncAA) synthesis and is an ideal biocatalyst for synthetic and biological applications. TrpS catalyzes an irreversible, C-C bond-forming reaction between indole and serine to make l-tryptophan; native TrpS complexes possess fairly broad specificity for indole analogues, but are difficult to engineer to extend substrate scope or to confer other useful properties due to allosteric constraints and their heterodimeric structure. Directed evolution freed the catalytically relevant TrpS β-subunit (TrpB) from allosteric regulation by its TrpA partner and has enabled dramatic expansion of the enzyme's substrate scope. This review examines the long and storied career of TrpS from the perspective of its application in ncAA synthesis and biocatalytic cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Watkins-Dulaney
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, MC 210-41, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sabine Straathof
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, MC 210-41, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Frances Arnold
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, MC 210-41, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, MC 210-41, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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40
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Tan Y, Wu H, Wei T, Li X. Chemical Protein Synthesis: Advances, Challenges, and Outlooks. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20288-20298. [PMID: 33211477 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary chemical protein synthesis has been dramatically advanced over the past few decades, which has enabled chemists to reach the landscape of synthetic biomacromolecules. Chemical synthesis can produce synthetic proteins with precisely controlled structures which are difficult or impossible to obtain via gene expression systems. Herein, we summarize the key enabling ligation technologies, major strategic developments, and some selected representative applications of synthetic proteins and provide an outlook for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China SAR
| | - Hongxiang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China SAR
| | - Tongyao Wei
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China SAR
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China SAR
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41
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Moreira R, Noden M, Taylor SD. Synthesis of Azido Acids and Their Application in the Preparation of Complex Peptides. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAzido acids are important synthons for the synthesis of complex peptides. As a protecting group, the azide moiety is atom-efficient, easy to install and can be reduced in the presence of many other protecting groups, making it ideal for the synthesis of branched and/or cyclic peptides. α-Azido acids are less bulky than urethane-protected counterparts and react more effectively in coupling reactions of difficult-to-form peptide and ester bonds. Azido acids can also be used to form azoles on complex intermediates. This review covers the synthesis of azido acids and their application to the total synthesis of complex peptide natural products.1 Introduction2 Synthesis of α-Azido Acids2.1 From α-Amino Acids or Esters2.2 Via α-Substitution2.3 Via Electrophilic Azidation2.4 Via Condensation of N-2-Azidoacetyl-4-Phenylthiazolidin- 2-Thi one Enolates with Aldehydes and Acetals2.5 Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated α-Azido Acids and Esters3 Synthesis of β-Azido Acids3.1 Preparation of Azidoalanine and 3-Azido-2-aminobutanoic Acids3.2 General Approaches to Preparing β-Azido Acids Other Than Azi doalanine and AABA4 Azido Acids in Total Synthesis4.1 α-Azido Acids4.2 β-Azido Acids and Azido Acids Containing an Azide on the Side
Chain5 Conclusions
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42
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Raj M, Wills RD, Adebomi VT. Peptide Cyclization at High Concentration. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of cyclic peptides as pharmaceuticals has led to an eruption of new methodologies for macrocyclization. However, the cyclization of peptides at high concentrations presents a challenge due to the production of side products like dimers and oligomers. This factor is more pronounced with the cyclization of peptides composed of fewer than seven amino acids, thus has created a need for a new synthetic strategy. Herein, we will elucidate a new chemoselective method termed ‘CyClick’ that works in an exclusively intramolecular fashion preventing the formation of commonly occurring side products such as dimers and oligomers, even at relatively high concentration.1 Introduction2 Known Methodologies3 Novel CyClick Chemistry4 Conclusion and Outlook
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Raj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn
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43
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Wills R, Adebomi V, Raj M. Site-Selective Peptide Macrocyclization. Chembiochem 2020; 22:52-62. [PMID: 32794268 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclized peptides have seen a rise in popularity in the pharmaceutical industry as drug molecules. As such, new macrocyclization methodologies have become abundant in the last several decades. However, efficient methods of cyclization without the formation of side products remain a great challenge. Herein, we review cyclization approaches that focus on site-selective chemistry. Site selectivity in macrocyclization decreases the generation of side products, leading to a greater yield of the desired peptide macrocycles. We will also take an in-depth look at the new exclusively intramolecular N-terminal site-selective CyClick strategy for the synthesis of cyclic peptides. The CyClick method uses imine formation between an aldehyde and the N terminus. The imine is then trapped by a nucleophilic attack from the second amidic nitrogen in an irreversible site-selective fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Wills
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Victor Adebomi
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Monika Raj
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Chen D, Tian L, Po KHL, Chen S, Li X. Total synthesis and a systematic structure-activity relationship study of WAP-8294A2. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115677. [PMID: 32828420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
WAP-8294A2 is a cyclic peptide antibiotic with novel structure and excellent activity against Gram-positive pathogens. Herein, we report the total synthesis of complex macrocyclic peptide WAP-8294A2 (W1), ent-analogue W2, deoxy analogue W3 and de-methyl analogue W4 using a solid-phase synthetic route followed by a final stage solution-phase cyclization reaction. Exploitation of this process allowed the synthesis of eleven alanine-scanning analogues and eight lysine-scanning analogues. The antimicrobial activity of these analogues was evaluated in vitro against Gram-positive bacteria. Based on the MIC results, a primary systematic structure-activity relationship has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Tian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathy Hiu Laam Po
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, The City University of Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, The City University of Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Chemoenzymatic synthesis of daptomycin analogs active against daptomycin-resistant strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7853-7865. [PMID: 32725322 PMCID: PMC7447621 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Daptomycin is a last resort antibiotic for the treatment of infections caused by many Gram-positive bacterial strains, including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) and methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and VRSA). However, the emergence of daptomycin-resistant strains of S. aureus and Enterococcus in recent years has renewed interest in synthesizing daptomycin analogs to overcome resistance mechanisms. Within this context, three aromatic prenyltransferases have been shown to accept daptomycin as a substrate, and the resulting prenylated analog was shown to be more potent against Gram-positive strains than the parent compound. Consequently, utilizing prenyltransferases to derivatize daptomycin offered an attractive alternative to traditional synthetic approaches, especially given the molecule’s structural complexity. Herein, we report exploiting the ability of prenyltransferase CdpNPT to synthesize alkyl-diversified daptomycin analogs in combination with a library of synthetic non-native alkyl-pyrophosphates. The results revealed that CdpNPT can transfer a variety of alkyl groups onto daptomycin’s tryptophan residue using the corresponding alkyl-pyrophosphates, while subsequent scaled-up reactions suggested that the enzyme can alkylate the N1, C2, C5, and C6 positions of the indole ring. In vitro antibacterial activity assays using 16 daptomycin analogs revealed that some of the analogs displayed 2–80-fold improvements in potency against MRSA, VRE, and daptomycin-resistant strains of S. aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Thus, along with the new potent analogs, these findings have established that the regio-chemistry of alkyl substitution on the tryptophan residue can modulate daptomycin’s potency. With additional protein engineering to improve the regio-selectivity, the described method has the potential to become a powerful tool for diversifying complex indole-containing molecules. Key points • CdpNPT displays impressive donor promiscuity with daptomycin as the acceptor. • CdpNPT catalyzes N1-, C2-, C5-, and C6-alkylation on daptomycin’s tryptophan residue. • Differential alkylation of daptomycin’s tryptophan residue modulates its activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00253-020-10790-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Wu Y, Liao H, Liu LY, Sun F, Chen HF, Jiao WH, Zhu HR, Yang F, Huang G, Zeng DQ, Zhou M, Wang SP, Lin HW. Phakefustatins A–C: Kynurenine-Bearing Cycloheptapeptides as RXRα Modulators from the Marine Sponge Phakellia fusca. Org Lett 2020; 22:6703-6708. [PMID: 32701300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hongze Liao
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Li-Yun Liu
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hai-Feng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jiao
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hong-Rui Zhu
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - De-Quan Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Shu-Ping Wang
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hou-Wen Lin
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
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Karas JA, Carter GP, Howden BP, Turner AM, Paulin OKA, Swarbrick JD, Baker MA, Li J, Velkov T. Structure–Activity Relationships of Daptomycin Lipopeptides. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13266-13290. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Karas
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Glen P. Carter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Benjamin P. Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Adrianna M. Turner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Olivia K. A. Paulin
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - James D. Swarbrick
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mark. A. Baker
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Chow HY, Po KHL, Jin K, Qiao G, Sun Z, Ma W, Ye X, Zhou N, Chen S, Li X. Establishing the Structure-Activity Relationship of Daptomycin. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1442-1449. [PMID: 32676152 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Daptomycin is effective in treating infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA). Due to its distinct mechanism of action toward multidrug-resistant bacteria, daptomycin provides an attractive structural motif to generate new daptomycin-based antibiotics to combat the problem of bacterial resistance. In this study, we used the total synthesis method to produce daptomycin analogues with a variety in terms of types and sites of modifications. Five classes of daptomycin analogues were synthesized, and the antimicrobial activities of the analogues were analyzed by several biological assays. From this study, we established a comprehensive structure-activity relationship of daptomycin which will lay the foundation for the further development of daptomycin-based antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Yee Chow
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Kathy Hiu Laam Po
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kang Jin
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Guanlin Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Zhenquan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Xiyun Ye
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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Highly efficient and enantioselective syntheses of (2S,3R)-3-alkyl- and alkenylglutamates from Fmoc-protected Garner's aldehyde. Amino Acids 2020; 52:987-998. [PMID: 32621203 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A 6-step enantioselective synthesis of (2S,3R)-3-alkyl/alkenylglutamates, including the biologically significant amino acid, (2S,3R)-3-methylglutamate, protected for Fmoc SPPS, is reported. Overall yields range from 52-65%. Key to the success of these syntheses was the development of a high-yielding 2-step synthesis of Fmoc Garner's aldehyde followed by a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction to give the corresponding Fmoc Garner's enoate in a 94% yield. The diastereoselective 1,4-addition of lithium dialkylcuprates to the Fmoc Garner's enoate was explored. Significant decomposition occurred when using lithium diethylcuprate and conditions previously reported for the 1,4-addition of lithium dialkylcuprates to Boc or Cbz-protected Garner's enoate. An optimization study of this reaction resulted in a robust set of conditions that addressed the shortcomings of previously reported conditions. Under these conditions, highly diastereoselective (> 20:1 in most cases) 1,4-addition reactions of lithium dialkyl/dialkenylcuprates to the Fmoc Garner's enoate were achieved in 76-99% yield. The resulting 1,4-addition products were easily converted into the Fmoc-(2S,3R)-3-alkyl/alkenylglutamates in two steps.
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