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Adams CE, Spicer SK, Gaddy JA, Townsend SD. Synthesis of a Phosphoethanolamine Cellulose Mimetic and Evaluation of Its Unanticipated Biofilm Modulating Properties. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:3245-3255. [PMID: 39105738 PMCID: PMC11406534 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
When coordinating and adhering to a surface, microorganisms produce a biofilm matrix consisting of extracellular DNA, lipids, proteins, and polysaccharides that are intrinsic to the survival of bacterial communities. Indeed, bacteria produce a variety of structurally diverse polysaccharides that play integral roles in the emergence and maintenance of biofilms by providing structural rigidity, adhesion, and protection from environmental stressors. While the roles that polysaccharides play in biofilm dynamics have been described for several bacterial species, the difficulty in isolating homogeneous material has resulted in few structures being elucidated. Recently, Cegelski and co-workers discovered that uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) secrete a chemically modified cellulose called phosphoethanolamine cellulose (pEtN cellulose) that plays a vital role in biofilm assembly. However, limited chemical tools exist to further examine the functional role of this polysaccharide across bacterial species. To address this critical need, we hypothesized that we could design and synthesize an unnatural glycopolymer to mimic the structure of pEtN cellulose. Herein, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of a pEtN cellulose glycomimetic which was generated using ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Surprisingly, the synthetic polymers behave counter to native pEtN cellulose in that the synthetic polymers repress biofilm formation in E. coli laboratory strain 11775T and UPEC strain 700415 with longer glycopolymers displaying greater repression. To evaluate the mechanism of action, changes in biofilm and cell morphology were visualized using high resolution field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy which further revealed changes in cell surface appendages. Our results suggest synthetic pEtN cellulose glycopolymers act as an antiadhesive and inhibit biofilm formation across E. coli strains, highlighting a potential new inroad to the development of bioinspired, biofilm-modulating materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Elizabeth Adams
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Sabrina K Spicer
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Steven D Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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2
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Gu J, Li Y, Lu G, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Chen J. Glycopolymer-grafted nanoparticles as glycosaminoglycan mimics with cell proliferation and anti-tumor metastasis activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126975. [PMID: 37739278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are naturally existing extracellular components with a variety important biological functions. However, their heterogeneous chemical compositions and the challenges in purification have become the main disadvantages for clinical applications. Thus, various synthetic glycopolymers have been designed to mimic the structures and functions of natural GAGs. In the current study, glycopolymers from structurally simple glucose or N-acetylglucosamine monomers were synthesized, which were further subjected to sulfation of different degrees and grafting onto silica nanoparticles, leading to spherical-shaped nano-structures of uniform diameters. With the successively strengthened multivalent effect, the obtained glycopolymer nanoparticles not only showed excellent effects on promotion of cell proliferation by stabilizing growth factors, but also significantly inhibited tumor metastasis by weakening the adhesion between tumor cells and activated platelets. Among the prepared nanoparticles, S3-PGNAc@Si with N-acetylglucosamine segment and the highest sulfation degree exhibited the strongest bioactivities, which were even close to those of heparin. This work presents a novel approach for structural and functional mimicking of natural GAGs from simple and low-cost monosaccharides, holding great potential for a range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Guodong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yongxin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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3
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Mayo KH. Heterologous Interactions with Galectins and Chemokines and Their Functional Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14083. [PMID: 37762385 PMCID: PMC10531749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra- and intra-cellular activity occurs under the direction of numerous inter-molecular interactions, and in any tissue or cell, molecules are densely packed, thus promoting those molecular interactions. Galectins and chemokines, the focus of this review, are small, protein effector molecules that mediate various cellular functions-in particular, cell adhesion and migration-as well as cell signaling/activation. In the past, researchers have reported that combinations of these (and other) effector molecules act separately, yet sometimes in concert, but nevertheless physically apart and via their individual cell receptors. This view that each effector molecule functions independently of the other limits our thinking about functional versatility and cooperation, and, in turn, ignores the prospect of physiologically important inter-molecular interactions, especially when both molecules are present or co-expressed in the same cellular environment. This review is focused on such protein-protein interactions with chemokines and galectins, the homo- and hetero-oligomeric structures that they can form, and the functional consequences of those paired interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center, 6-155 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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4
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Lin CL, Sojitra M, Carpenter EJ, Hayhoe ES, Sarkar S, Volker EA, Wang C, Bui DT, Yang L, Klassen JS, Wu P, Macauley MS, Lowary TL, Derda R. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of genetically-encoded multivalent liquid N-glycan arrays. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5237. [PMID: 37640713 PMCID: PMC10462762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular glycosylation is characterized by chemical complexity and heterogeneity, which is challenging to reproduce synthetically. Here we show chemoenzymatic synthesis on phage to produce a genetically-encoded liquid glycan array (LiGA) of complex type N-glycans. Implementing the approach involved by ligating an azide-containing sialylglycosyl-asparagine to phage functionalized with 50-1000 copies of dibenzocyclooctyne. The resulting intermediate can be trimmed by glycosidases and extended by glycosyltransferases yielding a phage library with different N-glycans. Post-reaction analysis by MALDI-TOF MS allows rigorous characterization of N-glycan structure and mean density, which are both encoded in the phage DNA. Use of this LiGA with fifteen glycan-binding proteins, including CD22 or DC-SIGN on cells, reveals optimal structure/density combinations for recognition. Injection of the LiGA into mice identifies glycoconjugates with structures and avidity necessary for enrichment in specific organs. This work provides a quantitative evaluation of the interaction of complex N-glycans with GBPs in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Lan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Mirat Sojitra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Eric J Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Ellen S Hayhoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Susmita Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Volker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Duong T Bui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Loretta Yang
- Lectenz Bio, 111 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - John S Klassen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ratmir Derda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
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5
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Wang L, Sorum AW, Huang BS, Kern MK, Su G, Pawar N, Huang X, Liu J, Pohl NLB, Hsieh-Wilson LC. Efficient platform for synthesizing comprehensive heparan sulfate oligosaccharide libraries for decoding glycosaminoglycan-protein interactions. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1108-1117. [PMID: 37349377 PMCID: PMC10979459 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are abundant, ubiquitous carbohydrates in biology, yet their structural complexity has limited an understanding of their biological roles and structure-function relationships. Synthetic access to large collections of well defined, structurally diverse GAG oligosaccharides would provide critical insights into this important class of biomolecules and represent a major advance in glycoscience. Here we report a new platform for synthesizing large heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharide libraries displaying comprehensive arrays of sulfation patterns. Library synthesis is made possible by improving the overall synthetic efficiency through universal building blocks derived from natural heparin and a traceless fluorous tagging method for rapid purification with minimal manual manipulation. Using this approach, we generated a complete library of 64 HS oligosaccharides displaying all possible 2-O-, 6-O- and N-sulfation sequences in the tetrasaccharide GlcN-IdoA-GlcN-IdoA. These diverse structures provide an unprecedented view into the sulfation code of GAGs and identify sequences for modulating the activities of important growth factors and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Alexander W Sorum
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Bo-Shun Huang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Mallory K Kern
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Guowei Su
- Glycan Therapeutics Corp, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Nitin Pawar
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicola L B Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Linda C Hsieh-Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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6
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Kaffashi K, Dréau D, Nesmelova IV. Heterodimers Are an Integral Component of Chemokine Signaling Repertoire. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11639. [PMID: 37511398 PMCID: PMC10380872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of signaling proteins that play a crucial role in cell-cell communication, cell migration, and cell trafficking, particularly leukocytes, under both normal and pathological conditions. The oligomerization state of chemokines influences their biological activity. The heterooligomerization occurs when multiple chemokines spatially and temporally co-localize, and it can significantly affect cellular responses. Recently, obligate heterodimers have emerged as tools to investigate the activities and molecular mechanisms of chemokine heterodimers, providing valuable insights into their functional roles. This review focuses on the latest progress in understanding the roles of chemokine heterodimers and their contribution to the functioning of the chemokine network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Kaffashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
- Department of Physics and Optical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Didier Dréau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Irina V Nesmelova
- Department of Physics and Optical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
- School of Data Science, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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7
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Lindsay SL, McCanney GA, Zhan J, Scheld M, Smith RS, Goodyear CS, Yates EA, Kipp M, Turnbull JE, Barnett SC. Low sulfated heparan sulfate mimetic differentially affects repair in immune-mediated and toxin-induced experimental models of demyelination. Glia 2023; 71:1683-1698. [PMID: 36945189 PMCID: PMC10952530 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for therapies that target the multicellular pathology of central nervous system (CNS) disease. Modified, nonanticoagulant heparins mimic the heparan sulfate glycan family and are known regulators of multiple cellular processes. In vitro studies have demonstrated that low sulfated modified heparin mimetics (LS-mHeps) drive repair after CNS demyelination. Herein, we test LS-mHep7 (an in vitro lead compound) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and cuprizone-induced demyelination. In EAE, LS-mHep7 treatment resulted in faster recovery and rapidly reduced inflammation which was accompanied by restoration of animal weight. LS-mHep7 treatment had no effect on remyelination or on OLIG2 positive oligodendrocyte numbers within the corpus callosum in the cuprizone model. Further in vitro investigation confirmed that LS-mHep7 likely mediates its pro-repair effect in the EAE model by sequestering inflammatory cytokines, such as CCL5 which are upregulated during immune-mediated inflammatory attacks. These data support the future clinical translation of this next generation modified heparin as a treatment for CNS diseases with active immune system involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. Lindsay
- School of Infection and ImmunityUniversity of Glasgow120 University PlaceGlasgowG12 8TAUK
| | - George A. McCanney
- School of Infection and ImmunityUniversity of Glasgow120 University PlaceGlasgowG12 8TAUK
| | - Jiangshan Zhan
- Institute of AnatomyUniversity of RostockGertrudenstrasse 918057RostockGermany
| | - Miriam Scheld
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of MedicineRWTH Aachen University52074AachenGermany
| | - Rebecca Sherrard Smith
- School of Infection and ImmunityUniversity of Glasgow120 University PlaceGlasgowG12 8TAUK
| | - Carl S. Goodyear
- School of Infection and ImmunityUniversity of Glasgow120 University PlaceGlasgowG12 8TAUK
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Institute of Systems, Molecules and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZBUK
| | - Markus Kipp
- Institute of AnatomyUniversity of RostockGertrudenstrasse 918057RostockGermany
| | - Jeremy E. Turnbull
- Institute of Systems, Molecules and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZBUK
- Centre for GlycosciencesKeele UniversityKeeleST5 5BGUK
| | - Susan C. Barnett
- School of Infection and ImmunityUniversity of Glasgow120 University PlaceGlasgowG12 8TAUK
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8
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Sun L, Chopra P, Boons G. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides having a Domain Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211112. [PMID: 36148891 PMCID: PMC9828060 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) has a domain structure in which regions that are modified by epimerization and sulfonation (NS domains) are interspersed by unmodified fragments (NA domains). There is data to support that domain organization of HS can regulate binding of proteins, however, such model has been difficult to probe. Here, we report a chemoenzymatic methodology that can provide HS oligosaccharides composed of two or more NS domains separated by NA domains of different length. It is based on the chemical synthesis of a HS oligosaccharide that enzymatically was extended by various GlcA-GlcNAc units and terminated in GlcNAc having an azido moiety at C-6 position. HS oligosaccharides having an azide and alkyne moiety could be assembled by copper catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition to give compounds having various NS domains separated by unsulfonated regions. Competition binding studies showed that the length of an NA domain modulates the binding of the chemokines CCL5 and CXCL8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Sun
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht University3584 CGUtrecht (TheNetherlands
| | - Pradeep Chopra
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA-30602USA
| | - Geert‐Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht University3584 CGUtrecht (TheNetherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA-30602USA
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular ResearchUtrecht UniversityUtrecht (TheNetherlands
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA-30602USA
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9
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Wang H, Wang J, Feng J, Rao Y, Xu Z, Zu J, Wang H, Zhang Z, Chen H. Artificial Extracellular Matrix Composed of Heparin-Mimicking Polymers for Efficient Anticoagulation and Promotion of Endothelial Cell Proliferation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50142-50151. [PMID: 36302722 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heparin-mimicking polymers have emerged as an alternative to heparin to construct effective and safe anticoagulant surfaces. However, the present heparin-mimicking polymers are usually limited to the combinations of glucose and sulfonic acid units, and the structure origin of their anticoagulant properties remains vague. Inspired by the structure of natural heparin, we synthesized a series of novel heparin-mimicking polymers (named GSAs) composed of three units, glucose, sulfonic acid, and carboxylic acid. Then, we constructed artificial extracellular matrices composed of GSAs and two typical cationic polymers, polyethyleneimine and chitosan, to investigate the anticoagulation and endothelialization of GSAs. By changing the ratio of the three units, their functions in the matrices were studied systematically. We found that an increase in the sulfonic acid content enhanced surface anticoagulant activity, an increase in glucose and sulfonic acid content promoted the proliferation of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells, and an increase in the carboxylic acid content inhibited the adherence of human umbilical vein vascular smooth muscle cells. This work uncovers the important role of the GSAs structure to the anticoagulation properties, which sheds new light on the design and preparation of heparin-mimicking polymers for practical engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| | - Jinghong Wang
- The SIP Biointerface Engineering Research Institute, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian Feng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| | - Yu Rao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| | - ZiYing Xu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| | - JunYi Zu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| | - Huaguang Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| | - Zexin Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
- The SIP Biointerface Engineering Research Institute, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
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10
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Shitrit A, Mardhekar S, Alshanski I, Jain P, Raigawali R, Shanthamurthy CD, Kikkeri R, Yitzchaik S, Hurevich M. Profiling Heparan Sulfate-Heavy Metal Ions Interaction Using Electrochemical Techniques. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202193. [PMID: 35904207 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans provides extracellular matrix defense against heavy metals cytotoxicity. Identifying the precise glycan sequences that bind a particular heavy metal ion is a key for understanding those interactions. Here, electrochemical and surface characterization techniques were used to elucidate the relation between the glycans structural motifs, uronic acid stereochemistry, and sulfation regiochemistry to heavy metal ions binding. A divergent strategy was employed to access a small library of structurally well-defined tetrasaccharides analogs with different sulfation patterns and uronic acid compositions. These tetrasaccharides were electrochemically grafted onto glassy carbon electrodes and their response to heavy metal ions was monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Key differences in the binding of Hg(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) were associated with a combination of the uronic acid type and the sulfation pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Shitrit
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Sandhya Mardhekar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Israel Alshanski
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Prashant Jain
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Rakesh Raigawali
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, 411008, India
| | | | | | - Shlomo Yitzchaik
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Mattan Hurevich
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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11
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Hoffmann M, Snyder NL, Hartmann L. Polymers Inspired by Heparin and Heparan Sulfate for Viral Targeting. Macromolecules 2022; 55:7957-7973. [PMID: 36186574 PMCID: PMC9520969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hoffmann
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole L. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, United States
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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12
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Hoffmann M, Snyder NL, Hartmann L. Glycosaminoglycan Mimetic Precision Glycomacromolecules with Sequence-Defined Sulfation and Rigidity Patterns. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4004-4014. [PMID: 35959886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) such as heparan sulfate (HS) are structurally diverse linear polysaccharides that are involved in many biological processes and have gained interest as antiviral compounds. Their recognition is driven by a complex orchestra of structural parameters that are still under intense investigation. One distinct characteristic is the incorporation of sulfation patterns including highly sulfated and non-sulfated sequences that provide variations in flexibility and conformation, which in turn impact the biological function of sGAGs. However, these distinct features have not yet been fully realized in the synthetic preparation of sGAG mimetics. Here, we present the synthesis of three groups of sulfated glycomacromolecules as sGAG mimetics: (i) globally sulfated glycooligomers, (ii) glycooligomers with sequence-defined sulfation patterns, and (iii) a globally sulfated glycooligomer-oligo-L-proline hybrid structure. The complete synthesis, including chemical sulfation, was conducted on solid support, enabled by the introduction of a commercially available photocleavable linker allowing for the preservation of sensitive sulfates during cleavage of the products. Structures were obtained in good purity and with high degrees of sulfation demonstrating the wide applicability of this methodology to prepare tailor-made sulfated glycomacromolecules and similar sGAG mimetics. Structures were tested for their anticoagulant properties showing activity similar to their natural HS counterpart and significantly lower than HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hoffmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole L Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, United States
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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13
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Griffin ME, Hsieh-Wilson LC. Tools for mammalian glycoscience research. Cell 2022; 185:2657-2677. [PMID: 35809571 PMCID: PMC9339253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular carbohydrates or glycans are critical mediators of biological function. Their remarkably diverse structures and varied activities present exciting opportunities for understanding many areas of biology. In this primer, we discuss key methods and recent breakthrough technologies for identifying, monitoring, and manipulating glycans in mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Linda C. Hsieh-Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 92115, USA,Correspondence: (L.C.H.W.)
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14
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Loka RS, Song Z, Sletten ET, Kayal Y, Vlodavsky I, Zhang K, Nguyen HM. Heparan Sulfate Mimicking Glycopolymer Prevents Pancreatic β Cell Destruction and Suppresses Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Islets under the Challenge of Upregulated Heparanase. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1387-1400. [PMID: 35658404 PMCID: PMC9251817 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the levels of blood glucose are too high because the body does not effectively produce insulin to meet its needs or is resistant to insulin. β Cells in human pancreatic islets produce insulin, which signals glucogen production by the liver and causes muscles and fat to uptake glucose. Progressive loss of insulin-producing β cells is the main cause of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Heparan sulfate (HS) is a ubiquitous polysaccharide found at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of a variety of tissues. HS binds to and assembles proteins in ECM, thus playing important roles in the integrity of ECM (particularly basement membrane), barrier function, and ECM-cell interactions. Islet HS is highly expressed by the pancreatic β cells and critical for the survival of β cells. Heparanase is an endoglycosidase and cleaves islet HS in the pancreas, resulting in β-cell death and oxidative stress. Heparanase could also accelerate β-cell death by promoting cytokine release from ECM and secretion by activated inflammatory and endothelial cells. We demonstrate that HS-mimicking glycopolymer, a potent heparanase inhibitor, improves the survival of cultured mouse pancreatic β cells and protects HS contents under the challenge of heparanase in human pancreatic islets. Moreover, this HS-mimicking glycopolymer reduces the expression levels of cytokines (IL8, IL1β, and TNFα) and the gene encoding Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) in human pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S Loka
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Zhenfeng Song
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Eric T Sletten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Yasmin Kayal
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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15
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Varghese M, Haque F, Lu W, Grinstaff MW. Synthesis and Characterization of Regioselectively Functionalized Mono-Sulfated and -Phosphorylated Anionic Poly-Amido-Saccharides. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2075-2088. [PMID: 35420791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are abundant in nature and employed in various biomedical applications ranging from scaffolds for tissue engineering to carriers for drug delivery systems. However, drawbacks such as tedious isolation protocols, contamination, batch-to-batch consistency, and lack of compositional control with regards to stereo- and regioselectivity impede the development and utility of polysaccharides, and thus mimetics are highly sought after. We report a synthetic strategy to regioselectively functionalize poly-amido-saccharides with sulfate or phosphate groups using post-polymerization modification reactions. Orthogonally protected β-lactam monomers, synthesized from D-glucal, undergo anionic ring-opening polymerization to yield polymers with degrees of polymerization of 12, 25, and 50. Regioselective deprotection followed by functionalization and global deprotection affords the sulfated and phosphorylated poly-amido-saccharides. The resulting anionic polymers are water soluble and non-cytotoxic and adopt helical conformations. This new methodology provides access to otherwise inaccessible functional polysaccharide mimetics for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Varghese
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Farihah Haque
- Tosoh Bioscience LLC, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-4705, United States
| | - Wei Lu
- Tosoh Bioscience LLC, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-4705, United States
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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16
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Smith MM, Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Pentosan Polysulphate (PPS), a Semi-Synthetic Heparinoid DMOAD With Roles in Intervertebral Disc Repair Biology emulating The Stem Cell Instructive and Tissue Reparative Properties of Heparan Sulphate. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:406-430. [PMID: 35102748 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the attributes of pentosan polysulphate (PPS) in the promotion of intervertebral disc (IVD) repair processes. PPS has been classified as a disease modifying osteoarthritic drug (DMOAD) and many studies have demonstrated its positive attributes in the countering of degenerative changes occurring in cartilaginous tissues during the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Degenerative changes in the IVD also involve inflammatory cytokines, degradative proteases and cell signalling pathways similar to those operative in the development of OA in articular cartilage. PPS acts as a heparan sulphate (HS) mimetic to effect its beneficial effects in cartilage. The IVD contains small cell membrane HS-proteoglycans (HSPGs) such as syndecan, and glypican and a large multifunctional HS/chondroitin sulphate (CS) hybrid proteoglycan (HSPG2/perlecan) that have important matrix stabilising properties and sequester, control and present growth factors from the FGF, VEGF, PDGF and BMP families to cellular receptors to promote cell proliferation, differentiation and matrix synthesis. HSPG2 also has chondrogenic properties and stimulates the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, expansion of cartilaginous rudiments and has roles in matrix stabilisation and repair. Perlecan is a perinuclear and nuclear proteoglycan in IVD cells with roles in chromatin organisation and control of transcription factor activity, immunolocalises to stem cell niches in cartilage, promotes escape of stem cells from quiescent recycling, differentiation and attainment of pluripotency and migratory properties. These participate in tissue development and morphogenesis, ECM remodelling and repair. PPS also localises in the nucleus of stromal stem cells, promotes development of chondroprogenitor cell lineages, ECM synthesis and repair and discal repair by resident disc cells. The availability of recombinant perlecan and PPS offer new opportunities in repair biology. These multifunctional agents offer welcome new developments in repair strategies for the IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Smith
- The University of Sydney Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, 247198, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Anthony J Hayes
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, UK, Bioimaging Unit, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - James Melrose
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Raymond Purves Lab, Sydney Medical School Northern, Level 10, Kolling Institute B6, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia, 2065.,University of New South Wales, 7800, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2052;
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17
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Rojo J, Nieto PM, de Paz JL. GAG Multivalent Systems to interact with Langerin. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1173-1192. [PMID: 34225602 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210705143102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Langerin is a C-type Lectin expressed at the surface of Langerhans cells, which play a pivotal role in protecting organisms against pathogen infections. To address this aim, Langerin presents at least two recognition sites, one Ca2+-dependent and another one independent, capable of recognizing a variety of carbohydrate ligands. In contrast to other lectins, Langerin recognizes sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), a family of complex and heterogeneous polysaccharides present in the cell membrane and the extracellular matrix at the interphase generated in the trimeric form of Langerin but absent in the monomeric form. The complexity of these oligosaccharides has impeded the development of well-defined monodisperse structures to study these interaction processes. However, in the last few decades, an improvement of synthetic developments to achieve the preparation of carbohydrate multivalent systems mimicking the GAGs has been described. Despite all these contributions, very few examples are reported where the GAG multivalent structures are used to evaluate the interaction with Langerin. These molecules should pave the way to explore these GAG-Langerin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Pedro M Nieto
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - José Luis de Paz
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain
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18
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Naticchia MR, Laubach LK, Honigfort DJ, Purcell SC, Godula K. Spatially controlled glycocalyx engineering for growth factor patterning in embryoid bodies. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1652-1659. [PMID: 33409513 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01434f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Growth factor (GF) patterning in stem cell spheroids, such as embryoid bodies (EBs), has been sought to guide their differentiation and organization into functional 3D tissue models and organoids. Current approaches relying on exposure of EBs to gradients of GFs suffer from poor molecular transport in the spheroid microenvironment and from high cost of production and low stability of recombinant GFs. We have developed an alternative method for establishing GF gradients in EBs utilizing stem cell surface engineering with membrane-targeting heparan sulfate-glycomimetic co-receptors for GFs. We have capitalized on the ability of amphiphilic lipid-functionalized glycopolymers with affinity for FGF2 to assemble into nanoscale vesicles with tunable dimensions and extracellular matrix penetrance. Upon size-dependent diffusion into EBs, the vesicles fused with the plasma membranes of stem cells, giving rise to concentric gradients of cells with enhanced FGF2-binding. The extracellular matrix-assisted cell surface remodeling process described is the first example of spatially-targeted glycocalyx engineering in multicellular systems to control GF localization. The glycopolymer structure, vesicle dimensions, and remodeling conditions determine the level of FGF2 adhesion and gradient slope. The increased chemical and thermal stability of the synthetic glycomimetics and the tunability of their GF-binding profile, which is defined by their glycosylation and may be extended to other recombinant or endogenous morphogens beyond FGF2, further increase the versatility of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Naticchia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Logan K Laubach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Daniel J Honigfort
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Sean C Purcell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Kamil Godula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA. and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
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19
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What Are the Potential Roles of Nuclear Perlecan and Other Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycans in the Normal and Malignant Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094415. [PMID: 33922532 PMCID: PMC8122901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of nuclear and perinuclear perlecan in annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus cells and its known matrix stabilizing properties in tissues introduces the possibility that perlecan may also have intracellular stabilizing or regulatory roles through interactions with nuclear envelope or cytoskeletal proteins or roles in nucleosomal-chromatin organization that may regulate transcriptional factors and modulate gene expression. The nucleus is a mechano-sensor organelle, and sophisticated dynamic mechanoresponsive cytoskeletal and nuclear envelope components support and protect the nucleus, allowing it to perceive and respond to mechano-stimulation. This review speculates on the potential roles of perlecan in the nucleus based on what is already known about nuclear heparan sulphate proteoglycans. Perlecan is frequently found in the nuclei of tumour cells; however, its specific role in these diseased tissues is largely unknown. The aim of this review is to highlight probable roles for this intriguing interactive regulatory proteoglycan in the nucleus of normal and malignant cell types.
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20
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Jain P, Shanthamurthy CD, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Woods RJ, Kikkeri R, Padler-Karavani V. Discovery of rare sulfated N-unsubstituted glucosamine based heparan sulfate analogs selectively activating chemokines. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3674-3681. [PMID: 33889380 PMCID: PMC8025211 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05862a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving selective inhibition of chemokines with structurally well-defined heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharides can provide important insights into cancer cell migration and metastasis. However, HS is highly heterogeneous in chemical composition, which limits its therapeutic use. Here, we report the rational design and synthesis of N-unsubstituted (NU) and N-acetylated (NA) heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides that selectively inhibit structurally homologous chemokines. HS analogs were produced by divergent synthesis, where fully protected HS tetrasaccharide precursor was subjected to selective deprotection and regioselectively O-sulfated, and O-phosphorylated to obtain 13 novel HS tetrasaccharides. HS microarray and SPR analysis with a wide range of chemokines revealed the structural significance of sulfation patterns and NU domain in chemokine activities for the first time. Particularly, HT-3,6S-NH revealed selective recognition by CCL2 chemokine. Further systematic interrogation of the role of HT-3,6S-NH in cancer demonstrated an effective blockade of CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 interactions, thereby impairing cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, a step towards designing novel drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Jain
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Pune-411008 , India .
| | - Chethan D Shanthamurthy
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Pune-411008 , India .
| | - Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology , The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research , The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , 69978 , Israel .
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens 30606 , GA , USA
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Pune-411008 , India .
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology , The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research , The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , 69978 , Israel .
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21
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Jain P, Shanthamurthy CD, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Yehuda S, Nandikol SS, Thulasiram HV, Padler-Karavani V, Kikkeri R. Synthetic heparan sulfate ligands for vascular endothelial growth factor to modulate angiogenesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3516-3519. [PMID: 33704312 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00964h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the discovery of a potential heparan sulfate (HS) ligand to target several growth factors using 13 unique HS tetrasaccharide ligands. By employing an HS microarray and SPR, we deciphered the crucial structure-binding relationship of these glycans with the growth factors BMP2, VEGF165, HB-EGF, and FGF2. Notably, GlcNHAc(6-O-SO3-)-IdoA(2-O-SO3-) (HT-2,6S-NAc) tetrasaccharide showed strong binding with the VEGF165 growth factor. In vitro vascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis was inhibited in the presence of VEGF165 and HT-2,6S-NAc or HT-6S-NAc, revealing the potential therapeutic role of these synthetic HS ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Jain
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India.
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22
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Shanthamurthy CD, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Kumar NV, Yehuda S, Amon R, Woods RJ, Padler-Karavani V, Kikkeri R. Heparan Sulfate Mimetics Differentially Affect Homologous Chemokines and Attenuate Cancer Development. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3367-3380. [PMID: 33683903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Achieving selective inhibition of chemokine activity by structurally well-defined heparan sulfate (HS) or HS mimetic molecules can provide important insights into their roles in individual physiological and pathological cellular processes. Here, we report a novel tailor-made HS mimetic, which furnishes an exclusive iduronic acid (IdoA) scaffold with different sulfation patterns and oligosaccharide chain lengths as potential ligands to target chemokines. Notably, highly sulfated-IdoA tetrasaccharide (I-45) exhibited strong binding to CCL2 chemokine thereby blocking CCL2/CCR2-mediated in vitro cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Taken together, IdoA-based HS mimetics offer an alternative HS substrate to generate selective and efficient inhibitors for chemokines and pave the way to a wide range of new therapeutic applications in cancer biology and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethan D Shanthamurthy
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, the Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | - Sharon Yehuda
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, the Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ron Amon
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, the Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens 306062 Georgia, United States
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, the Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
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23
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Cai Z, Yan Y, Zhou J, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Chen J. Multifunctionalized Brush-Like Glycopolymers with High Affinity to P-Selectin and Antitumor Metastasis Activity. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1177-1185. [PMID: 33586430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycopolymers that can mimic natural glycosaminoglycan, such as heparin, have shown great potentials in inhibition of cancer metastasis. In the current work, a novel series of brush-like glycopolymers (BGPs) with simultaneous functionalization of various monosaccharide or disaccharide compositions have been synthesized through a new grafting-polymerization strategy, in order to mimic the activities of both heparin and P-selectin ligand PSGL-1. In the subsequent in vitro assays of antiadhesion, platelets activation, heparanase inhibition, and so on, BGP-SFH, as one of the BGPs with the composition of the combined three sugar units, sialic acids, fucoses, and heparin disaccharides, showed the highest antimetastasis ability, similar to its prototype heparin. Moreover, in a mouse metastatic melanoma model, the BGP-SFH also inhibited B16 cell metastasis effectively. Thus, the current work not only demonstrated a type of promising antimetastasis glycopolymer BGPs, but also illustrated an easy synthetic approach to multifunctionalized glycopolymers, leading to potential applications for broader biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
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24
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Atallah J, Khachfe HH, Berro J, Assi HI. The use of heparin and heparin-like molecules in cancer treatment: a review. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2020; 24:100192. [PMID: 32673846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparin and heparin-like molecules have shown some promise in the treatment of several cancers. These molecules have roles in angiogenesis, cell proliferation, immune system modulation, cell migration, and cellular invasion. The pathways and mechanisms used by these molecules to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells aid in understanding the utilization of these molecules in potential treatments. Our aim is to review the use of heparin and heparin-like molecules in cancer treatment, explore the results, and discuss their potential downfalls. METHODS Publications on heparin and heparin-like molecules and compounds were collected from the PubMed and EMBASE databases. Boolean operators and MeSH terms related to heparin, heparin-like molecules, and cancer were used to conduct this search. The articles were reviewed by the authors. RESULTS Several heparin mimetics are showing promise in cancer treatment. Various studies using mimetics alone or in combination with chemotherapy have been conducted and have yielded mixed results. They work on multiple target molecules, mostly receptors such as fibroblast growth factor and endothelial growth factor. The main types of cancers targeted by these drugs are multiple myeloma, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and other solid tumors. CONCLUSION Although limited clinical evidence of efficacy and potential pitfalls are present, heparin and heparin-like molecules have shown potential in the management of cancer patients. Additional research is required to fully understand the biological mechanisms utilized by these molecules in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Atallah
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein H Khachfe
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Juliett Berro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hazem I Assi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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25
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El Masri R, Crétinon Y, Gout E, Vivès RR. HS and Inflammation: A Potential Playground for the Sulfs? Front Immunol 2020; 11:570. [PMID: 32318065 PMCID: PMC7147386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a complex polysaccharide abundantly found in extracellular matrices and cell surfaces. HS participates in major cellular processes, through its ability to bind and modulate a wide array of signaling proteins. HS/ligand interactions involve saccharide domains of specific sulfation pattern. Assembly of such domains is orchestrated by a complex biosynthesis machinery and their structure is further regulated at the cell surface by post-synthetic modifying enzymes. Amongst them, extracellular sulfatases of the Sulf family catalyze the selective removal of 6-O-sulfate groups, which participate in the binding of many proteins. As such, increasing interest arose on the regulation of HS biological properties by the Sulfs. However, studies of the Sulfs have so far been essentially restricted to the fields of development and tumor progression. The aim of this review is to survey recent data of the literature on the still poorly documented role of the Sulfs during inflammation, and to widen the perspectives for the study of this intriguing regulatory mechanism toward new physiopathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana El Masri
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France
| | - Yoann Crétinon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France
| | - Evelyne Gout
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France
| | - Romain R Vivès
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France
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26
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Li J, Cai C, Wang L, Yang C, Jiang H, Li M, Xu D, Li G, Li C, Yu G. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Heparan Sulfate Mimetic Glycopolymers and Their Interactions with the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Product. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1570-1574. [PMID: 35619400 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a sulfated polysaccharide presenting on the animal cell surface and in the extracellular matrix that plays a critical role in a range of different biological processes. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), as a major receptor linked to numerous diseases, can interact with HS to activate signaling of RAGE ligands in the disease process. We herein report a concise chemoenzymatic approach for the synthesis of HS-mimetic glycopolymers as RAGE antagonists. Glycopolymer with GlcA units was chemically synthesized and subsequently modified by enzymatic elongation and chemical sulfation. Six HS-mimetic glycopolymers with pendant sulfated di-, tri-, or tetrasaccharides were successfully prepared for evaluation of their interaction with RAGE. Upon evaluation, the HS-mimetic glycopolymer decorated with overall sulfated trisaccharides was determined to have the highest binding affinity with RAGE. These findings would promote the further exploration of HS-RAGE interactions and the development of RAGE antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chendong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Guoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Xu K, Jin L. The role of heparin/heparan sulphate in the IFN-γ-led Arena. Biochimie 2019; 170:1-9. [PMID: 31794784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
IFN-γ (Interferon-gamma) is a pleiotropic cytokine. It is often involved in a variety of physiological processes by binding to the cell surface transmembrane receptor (IFN-γR) to initiate a series of signalling pathways that transmit external signals from cell surface receptors to the cell nucleus. Heparan sulphate (HS), a highly sulphated linear polysaccharide, is ubiquitous on the mammalian cell surface and extracellular matrix. Electrostatic interactions can be generated between the highly sulphated HS region and specific basic amino acid residues in the IFN-γ structure, thereby detaining IFN-γ on the cell surface, and the concentration of IFN-γ on the cell surface is thus, changed. IFN-γ retained on the cell surface will optimize the binding of IFN-γ to the transmembrane receptor resulting in high efficiency signalling. Heparin is a glycosaminoglycan with a structure similar to HS. The structural similarity provides a basis for modelling exogenous heparin dependence for interference with IFN-γ function. This model can be summarized as follows: First, the competitive binding effect; heparin bound to cytokines by competing with membrane-associated HS, causes a decrease in cytokine concentration on the cell surface. Second, the principle of priority occupancy; heparin can occupy the receptor binding site on cytokines, partially preventing the IFN-γ-IFN-γR interaction. These two models interfere with IFN-γ signal transmission. To decipher the mechanism by which heparin influences IFN-γ activity, studies of the structure-activity relationship are in progress. This paper summarizes research progress on the IFN-γ signalling pathway, heparin interference with IFN-γ activity and the structure-activity relationship between heparin and IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kening Xu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lan Jin
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, PR China.
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28
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Shu M, Long S, Huang Y, Li D, Li H, Li X. High strength and antibacterial polyelectrolyte complex CS/HS hydrogel films for wound healing. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:7686-7694. [PMID: 31498364 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01380f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple and facile self-assembly approach to fabricate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) hydrogel films with positively charged chitosan (CS) and negatively charged heparin sodium (HS) by combining hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. The CS/HS hydrogel films exhibited excellent tensile strength and toughness, good self-recovery ability, superior water absorbency, and pH-dependent surface charge characteristics. The gelation mechanism was investigated by zeta potential measurements. The CS/HS hydrogel films exhibited high antibacterial efficacy against E. coli at selected pHs or when coordinated with various metal ions and a significant effect on accelerating wound healing. The self-assembly approach presented in this work may serve as a generic strategy for the fabrication of novel multi-functional PEC hydrogels for broad biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Shu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Shijun Long
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yiwan Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Bioengineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747-2300, USA
| | - Haiyan Li
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China. and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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29
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Kohout VR, Pohl NLB. Automated solution-phase syntheses of alpha 1 → 2, 1 → 3 type rhamnans and rhamnan sulfate fragments. Carbohydr Res 2019; 486:107829. [PMID: 31614269 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rhamnan and rhamnan sulfate are naturally occurring carbohydrates that have important biological functions and possible therapeutic applications, but studies are limited to the microheterogeneous mixtures from natural sources. This work reports the first synthesis of any sulfated rhamnan fragments and successful automation of the process with a recently developed automated solution-phase approach using N-iodosuccinimide/trimethylsilyl triflate (NIS/TMSOTf) promotor and levulinoyl ester deprotection conditions. The automated solution-phase activation/deprotection approach was initially able to create alpha 1 → 2, 1 → 3 type rhamnan di- and trisaccharide in moderate yields. Once these targets were achieved, a process to use SO3•pyridine complex in DMF for sulfation compatible with an automated solution-phase liquid handling system was developed and successfully applied to carbohydrate sulfation to create two rhamnan sulfate fragments with differing monosulfation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Kohout
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 212 S. Hawthorne Drive, Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States
| | - Nicola L B Pohl
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 212 S. Hawthorne Drive, Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States.
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Chopra P, Logun MT, White EM, Lu W, Locklin J, Karumbaiah L, Boons GJ. Fully Synthetic Heparan Sulfate-Based Neural Tissue Construct That Maintains the Undifferentiated State of Neural Stem Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1921-1929. [PMID: 31389687 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are attractive components for constructing biomaterials due to their ability to recruit and regulate the activity of growth factors. The structural and functional heterogeneity of naturally derived heparin and HS is, however, an impediment for the preparation of biomaterials for regenerative medicine. To address this problem, we have prepared hydrogels modified by well-defined synthetic HS-derived disaccharides. Human induced pluripotent cell-derived neural stem cells (HIP-NSCs) encapsulated in a polyethylene glycol-based hydrogel modified by a pendent HS disaccharide that is a known ligand for fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) exhibited a significant increase in proliferation and self-renewal. This observation is important because evidence is emerging that undifferentiated stems cells can yield significant therapeutic benefits via their paracrine signaling mechanisms. Our data indicate that the HS disaccharide protects FGF-2, which has a very short biological half-live, from degradation. It is anticipated that, by careful selection of a synthetic HS oligosaccharide, it will be possible to control retention and release of specific growth factor, which in turn will provide control over cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Chopra
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Meghan T. Logun
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, ADS Complex, University of Georgia, 422 River Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Evan M. White
- New Material Institute, University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Weigang Lu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jason Locklin
- New Material Institute, University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Lohitash Karumbaiah
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, ADS Complex, University of Georgia, 422 River Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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McCanney GA, Lindsay SL, McGrath MA, Willison HJ, Moss C, Bavington C, Barnett SC. The Use of Myelinating Cultures as a Screen of Glycomolecules for CNS Repair. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8030052. [PMID: 31261710 PMCID: PMC6784161 DOI: 10.3390/biology8030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In vitro cell-based assays have been fundamental in modern drug discovery and have led to the identification of novel therapeutics. We have developed complex mixed central nervous system (CNS) cultures, which recapitulate the normal process of myelination over time and allow the study of several parameters associated with CNS damage, both during development and after injury or disease. In particular, they have been used as a reliable screen to identify drug candidates that may promote (re)myelination and/or neurite outgrowth. Previously, using these cultures, we demonstrated that a panel of low sulphated heparin mimetics, with structures similar to heparan sulphates (HSs), can reduce astrogliosis, and promote myelination and neurite outgrowth. HSs reside in either the extracellular matrix or on the surface of cells and are thought to modulate cell signaling by both sequestering ligands, and acting as co-factors in the formation of ligand-receptor complexes. In this study, we have used these cultures as a screen to address the repair potential of numerous other commercially available sulphated glycomolecules, namely heparosans, ulvans, and fucoidans. These compounds are all known to have certain characteristics that mimic cellular glycosaminoglycans, similar to heparin mimetics. We show that the N-sulphated heparosans promoted myelination. However, O-sulphated heparosans did not affect myelination but promoted neurite outgrowth, indicating the importance of structure in HS function. Moreover, neither highly sulphated ulvans nor fucoidans had any effect on remyelination but CX-01, a low sulphated porcine intestinal heparin, promoted remyelination in vitro. These data illustrate the use of myelinating cultures as a screen and demonstrate the potential of heparin mimetics as CNS therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A McCanney
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Susan L Lindsay
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Michael A McGrath
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Hugh J Willison
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Claire Moss
- GlycoMar Limited, Malin House, European Marine Science Park, Dunbeg, Oban Argyll, Scotland PA37 1SZ, UK
| | - Charles Bavington
- GlycoMar Limited, Malin House, European Marine Science Park, Dunbeg, Oban Argyll, Scotland PA37 1SZ, UK
| | - Susan C Barnett
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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Besednova N, Zaporozhets T, Kuznetsova T, Makarenkova I, Fedyanina L, Kryzhanovsky S, Malyarenko O, Ermakova S. Metabolites of Seaweeds as Potential Agents for the Prevention and Therapy of Influenza Infection. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E373. [PMID: 31234532 PMCID: PMC6627559 DOI: 10.3390/md17060373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Seaweed metabolites (fucoidans, carrageenans, ulvans, lectins, and polyphenols) are biologically active compounds that target proteins or genes of the influenza virus and host components that are necessary for replication and reproduction of the virus. OBJECTIVE This review gathers the information available in the literature regarding to the useful properties of seaweeds metabolites as potential agents for the prevention and therapy of influenza infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sources of scientific literature were found in various electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect) and library search. The retrospective search depth is 25 years. RESULTS Influenza is a serious medical and social problem for humanity. Recently developed drugs are quite effective against currently circulating influenza virus strains, but their use can lead to the selection of resistant viral strains. In this regard, new therapeutic approaches and drugs with a broad spectrum of activity are needed. Metabolites of seaweeds fulfill these requirements. This review presents the results of in vitro and in vivo experimental and clinical studies about the effectiveness of these compounds in combating influenza infection and explains the necessity of their use as a potential basis for the creation of new drugs with a broad spectrum of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Besednova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Sel'skaya street, 1, Vladivostok 690087, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Zaporozhets
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Sel'skaya street, 1, Vladivostok 690087, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Sel'skaya street, 1, Vladivostok 690087, Russia.
| | - Ilona Makarenkova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Sel'skaya street, 1, Vladivostok 690087, Russia.
| | - Lydmila Fedyanina
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine, bldg. M25 FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay, Russky Isl., Vladivostok 690922, Russia.
| | - Sergey Kryzhanovsky
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine, bldg. M25 FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay, Russky Isl., Vladivostok 690922, Russia.
| | - Olesya Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
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Besednova NN, Zvyagintseva TN, Kuznetsova TA, Makarenkova ID, Smolina TP, Fedyanina LN, Kryzhanovsky SP, Zaporozhets TS. Marine Algae Metabolites as Promising Therapeutics for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS. Metabolites 2019; 9:E87. [PMID: 31052506 PMCID: PMC6572556 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9050087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents an analysis of works devoted to the anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity of algae metabolites-sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidans, carrageenans), lectins, laminarans, and polyphenols. Despite the presence of a significant number of antiretroviral drugs, the development of new therapeutic and prophylactic agents against this infection remains very urgent problem. This is due to the variability of HIV, the absence of an animal model (except monkeys) and natural immunity to this virus and the toxicity of therapeutic agents and their high cost. In this regard, the need for new therapeutic approaches and broad-spectrum drugs, which in addition to antiviral effects can have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects, and to which the minimum resistance of HIV strains would be formed. These requirements meet the biologically active substances of marine algae. The results of experimental and clinical studies conducted in vitro and in vivo are presented, and the issues of the anti-HIV activity of these compounds are considered depending on their structural features. On the whole, the presented data prove the high efficiency of seaweed metabolites and justify the possibility of their use as a potential basis for the development of new drugs with a wide spectrum of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya N Besednova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Sel'skaya street, 1, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Tatyana N Zvyagintseva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Tatyana A Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Sel'skaya street, 1, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Ilona D Makarenkova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Sel'skaya street, 1, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Tatyana P Smolina
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Sel'skaya street, 1, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Ludmila N Fedyanina
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine, bldg. M25 FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay, Russky Isl., 690922 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | | | - Tatyana S Zaporozhets
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Sel'skaya street, 1, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia.
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Synthesis of a Fluorous-Tagged Hexasaccharide and Interaction with Growth Factors Using Sugar-Coated Microplates. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 24:molecules24081591. [PMID: 31013665 PMCID: PMC6515340 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the synthesis of a sulfated, fully protected hexasaccharide as a glycosaminoglycan mimetic and the study of its interactions with different growth factors: midkine, basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Following a fluorous-assisted approach, monosaccharide building blocks were successfully assembled and the target oligosaccharide was prepared in excellent yield. The use of more acid stable 4,6-O-silylidene protected glucosamine units was crucial for the efficiency of this strategy because harsh reaction conditions were needed in the glycosylations to avoid the formation of orthoester side products. Fluorescence polarization experiments demonstrated the strong interactions between the synthesized hexamer, and midkine and FGF-2. In addition, we have developed an alternative assay to analyse these molecular recognition events. The prepared oligosaccharide was non-covalently attached to a fluorous-functionalized microplate and the direct binding of the protein to the sugar-immobilized surface was measured, affording the corresponding KD,surf value.
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Cai Z, Teng L, Zhou J, Yan Y, Zhang Y, Lv G, Chen J. Design and synthesis of a native heparin disaccharide grafted poly‑2‑aminoethyl methacrylate glycopolymer for inhibition of melanoma cell metastasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:612-619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Loka RS, Sletten ET, Barash U, Vlodavsky I, Nguyen HM. Specific Inhibition of Heparanase by a Glycopolymer with Well-Defined Sulfation Pattern Prevents Breast Cancer Metastasis in Mice. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:244-254. [PMID: 30543095 PMCID: PMC6512314 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase, the heparan sulfate polysaccharide degrading endoglycosidase enzyme, has been correlated with tumor angiogenesis and metastasis and therefore has become a potential target for anticancer drug development. In this systematic study, the sulfation pattern of the pendant disaccharide moiety on synthetic glycopolymers was synthetically manipulated to achieve optimal heparanase inhibition. Upon evaluation, a glycopolymer with 12 repeating units was determined to be the most potent inhibitor of heparanase (IC50 = 0.10 ± 0.36 nM). This glycopolymer was further examined for cross-bioactivity using a solution-based competitive biolayer interferometry assay with other HS-binding proteins (growth factors, P-selectin, and platelet factor 4), which are responsible for mediating angiogenic activity, cell metastasis, and antibody-induced thrombocytopenia. The synthetic glycopolymer has low affinity for these HS-binding proteins in comparison to natural heparin. In addition, the glycopolymer possessed no proliferative properties toward human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) and a potent antimetastatic effect against 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells. Thus, our study not only establishes a specific inhibitor of heparanase with high affinity but also illustrates the high effectiveness of this multivalent heparanase inhibitor in inhibiting experimental metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S Loka
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Eric T Sletten
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242 , United States
| | - Uri Barash
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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Minoda M, Otsubo T, Yamamoto Y, Zhao J, Honda Y, Tanaka T, Motoyanagi J. The First Synthesis of Periodic and Alternating Glycopolymers by RAFT Polymerization: A Novel Synthetic Pathway for Glycosaminoglycan Mimics. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E70. [PMID: 30960054 PMCID: PMC6401991 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study concerned the controlled synthesis of periodic glycopolymers by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization. To this end, maltose- and lactose-substituted vinyl ethers (MalVE and LacVE, respectively) and maltose-substituted maleimide (MalMI) were newly synthesized. RAFT copolymerization of MalVE and ethyl maleimide (EtMI) (monomer feed ratio: MalVE:EtMI = 1:1) afforded periodic glycopolymers (poly(MalVE-co-EtMI)) consisting of major parts of alternating structure (-(MalVE-EtMI)n-) and a small part of consecutive sequences of EtMI (⁻EtMI-EtMI-). Occurrence of the latter sequences was caused by the homopolymerizability of maleimide under the present polymerization condition, and the formation of the consecutive sequences of EtMI was successfully suppressed by varying the monomer feed ratio. RAFT copolymerization of LacVE and EtMI was also found to proceed and similarly yielded periodic glycopolymers (poly(LacVE-co-EtMI)). Moreover, RAFT copolymerization of LacVE and MalMI (monomer feed ratio: LacVE:MalMI = 1:1) was performed to give copolymers (poly(LacVE-co-MalMI)) having composition ratio of LacVE/MalMI ≈ 36/64. The resultant periodic glycopolymers poly(MalVE-co-EtMI) and poly(LacVE-co-EtMI) were subjected to lectin binding assay using concanavalin A and peanut agglutinin, exhibiting the glycocluster effect. Moreover, these glycopolymers obtained from the copolymerization of VE and MI were found to be non-cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Minoda
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Otsubo
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Yoshitomo Honda
- Institute of Dental Research, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Tomonari Tanaka
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Jin Motoyanagi
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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38
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Koffi Teki DSE, Bil A, Moreau V, Chagnault V, Fanté B, Adjou A, Kovensky J. Synthesis of multivalent S-glycoside analogs of a heparan sulfate sequence. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00581a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report on the synthesis of new glycoclusters with thiodisaccharide units, S-analogs of heparan sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dindet Steve-Evanes Koffi Teki
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles
- UFR SSMT
- Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny
- 22 B.P. 582 Abidjan 22
- Republic of Ivory Coast
| | - Abed Bil
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie
- des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A)
- UMR 7378 CNRS
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne
- F-80039 Amiens Cedex
| | - Vincent Moreau
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie
- des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A)
- UMR 7378 CNRS
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne
- F-80039 Amiens Cedex
| | - Vincent Chagnault
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie
- des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A)
- UMR 7378 CNRS
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne
- F-80039 Amiens Cedex
| | - Bamba Fanté
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles
- UFR SSMT
- Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny
- 22 B.P. 582 Abidjan 22
- Republic of Ivory Coast
| | - Ané Adjou
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles
- UFR SSMT
- Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny
- 22 B.P. 582 Abidjan 22
- Republic of Ivory Coast
| | - José Kovensky
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie
- des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A)
- UMR 7378 CNRS
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne
- F-80039 Amiens Cedex
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39
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Abstract
This review describes several general chemical approaches for the preparation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-mimetic polymers based on different backbones and sidechains, and highlights the importance of these synthetic GAG-mimetic polymers in controlling key biofunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Gaojian Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
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40
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Revuelta J, Fuentes R, Lagartera L, Hernáiz MJ, Bastida A, García-Junceda E, Fernández-Mayoralas A. Assembly of glycoamino acid building blocks: a new strategy for the straightforward synthesis of heparan sulfate mimics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13455-13458. [PMID: 30431033 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08067d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy that enables a modular straightforward synthesis of heparan sulfate oligosaccharide mimics by the assembly of simple glycoamino acid building blocks is described. The coupling between units is readily carried out by an amidation reaction. Several glycoamino acid oligomers were prepared and their interaction with the FGF2 protein was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Revuelta
- Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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41
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Majmudar H, Hao M, Sankaranarayanan NV, Zanotti B, Volin MV, Desai UR, Tiwari V. A synthetic glycosaminoglycan mimetic blocks HSV-1 infection in human iris stromal cells. Antiviral Res 2018; 161:154-162. [PMID: 30481525 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) is a significant pathogen that affects vision by targeting multiple regions in the human eye including iris. Using a focused library of synthetic non-saccharide glycosaminoglycan mimetics (NSGMs), we identified sulfated pentagalloylglucoside (SPGG) as a potent inhibitor of HSV-1 entry and cell-to-cell spread in the primary cultures of human iris stromal (HIS) cells isolated from eye donors. Using in vitro β-galactosidase reporter assay and plaque reduction assay, SPGG was found to inhibit HSV-1 entry in a dosage-dependent manner (IC50 ∼6.0 μM). Interestingly, a pronounced inhibition in HSV-1 entry and spread was observed in HIS cells, or a cell line expressing specific gD-receptor, when virions were pre-treated with mimetics suggesting a possible interaction between SPGG and the HSV-1 glycoprotein. To examine the significance of gD-SPGG interaction, HIS cells were pretreated with SPGG, which showed a significant reduction in gD binding. Taken together, our results provide strong evidence of SPGG being a novel viral entry inhibitor against ocular HSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Majmudar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Meng Hao
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Nehru Viji Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Brian Zanotti
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Michael V Volin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Umesh R Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Vaibhav Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
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42
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Lanzi C, Cassinelli G. Heparan Sulfate Mimetics in Cancer Therapy: The Challenge to Define Structural Determinants and the Relevance of Targets for Optimal Activity. Molecules 2018; 23:E2915. [PMID: 30413079 PMCID: PMC6278363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond anticoagulation, the therapeutic potential of heparin derivatives and heparan sulfate (HS) mimetics (functionally defined HS mimetics) in oncology is related to their ability to bind and modulate the function of a vast array of HS-binding proteins with pivotal roles in cancer growth and progression. The definition of structural/functional determinants and the introduction of chemical modifications enabled heparin derivatives to be identified with greatly reduced or absent anticoagulant activity, but conserved/enhanced anticancer activity. These studies paved the way for the disclosure of structural requirements for the inhibitory effects of HS mimetics on heparanase, selectins, and growth factor receptor signaling, as well as for the limitation of side effects. Actually, HS mimetics affect the tumor biological behavior via a multi-target mechanism of action based on their effects on tumor cells and various components of the tumor microenvironment. Emerging evidence indicates that immunomodulation can participate in the antitumor activity of these agents. Significant ability to enhance the antitumor effects of combination treatments with standard therapies was shown in several tumor models. While the first HS mimetics are undergoing early clinical evaluation, an improved understanding of the molecular contexts favoring the antitumor action in certain malignancies or subgroups is needed to fully exploit their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Lanzi
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Cassinelli
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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43
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Naticchia MR, Laubach LK, Tota EM, Lucas TM, Huang ML, Godula K. Embryonic Stem Cell Engineering with a Glycomimetic FGF2/BMP4 Co-Receptor Drives Mesodermal Differentiation in a Three-Dimensional Culture. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2880-2887. [PMID: 30157624 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface glycans, such as heparan sulfate (HS), are increasingly identified as co-regulators of growth factor signaling in early embryonic development; therefore, chemical tailoring of HS activity within the cellular glycocalyx of stem cells offers an opportunity to control their differentiation. The growth factors FGF2 and BMP4 are involved in mediating the exit of murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs) from their pluripotent state and their differentiation toward mesodermal cell types, respectively. Here, we report a method for remodeling the glycocalyx of mutant Ext1-/- mESCs with defective biosynthesis of HS to drive their mesodermal differentiation in an embryoid body culture. Lipid-functionalized synthetic HS-mimetic glycopolymers with affinity for both FGF2 and BMP4 were introduced into the plasma membrane of Ext1-/- mESCs, where they acted as functional co-receptors of these growth factors and facilitated signal transduction through associated MAPK and Smad signaling pathways. We demonstrate that these materials can be employed to remodel Ext1-/- mESCs within three-dimensional embryoid body structures, providing enhanced association of BMP4 at the cell surface and driving mesodermal differentiation. As a more complete understanding of the function of HS in regulating development continues to emerge, this simple glycocalyx engineering method is poised to enable precise control over growth factor signaling activity and outcomes of differentiation in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Naticchia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Logan K. Laubach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Ember M. Tota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Taryn M. Lucas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Mia L. Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Kamil Godula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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44
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Preparation and evaluation of a self-anticlotting dialyzer via an interface crosslinking approach. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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45
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Loka RS, Yu F, Sletten ET, Nguyen HM. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of heparan sulfate mimicking glycopolymers for inhibiting heparanase activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:9163-9166. [PMID: 28766595 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04156j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase is an enzyme which cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides of the extracellular matrix. It is a regulator of tumor behavior, plays a key role in kidney related diseases and autoimmune diabetes. We report herein the use of computational studies to extract the natural HS-heparanase interactions as a template for the design of HS mimicking glycopolymers. Upon evaluation, a glycopolymer with 12 repeating units was determined to be the most potent inhibitor and to have tight-binding characteristics. This glycopolymer also lacks anticoagulant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S Loka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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46
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Lim TC, Cai S, Huber RG, Bond PJ, Siew Chia PX, Khou SL, Gao S, Lee SS, Lee SG. Facile saccharide-free mimetics that recapitulate key features of glycosaminoglycan sulfation patterns. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7940-7947. [PMID: 30429999 PMCID: PMC6201788 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02303d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a new class of saccharide-free glycosaminoglycan (GAG) mimetics where polyproline imparts facilely-made sulfation patterns with GAG-like structure, function and tunability.
Controlling glycosaminoglycan (GAG) activity to exploit its immense potential in biology ultimately requires facile manipulation of sulfation patterns associated with GAGs. However, satisfying this requirement in full remains challenging, given that synthesis of GAGs is technically arduous while convenient GAG mimetics often produce sulfation patterns that are uncharacteristic of GAGs. To overcome this, we develop saccharide-free polyproline-based GAG mimetics (PGMs) that can be facilely assembled via amide coupling chemistry. Molecular dynamics simulations show that PGMs recapitulate key GAG structural features (i.e. ∼9 Å-sized repeating units, periodicity and helicity) and as with GAGs, can be tuned to introduce systematic variations in sulfate clustering and spacing. Functionally, a variety of PGMs control various GAG activities (concerning P-selectin, neurotrophic factors and heparinase) and exhibit GAG-like characteristics such as progressive modulation, comparable effectiveness with heparins, need for different sequences to suit different activities and the presence of a “minimal bioactive length”. Furthermore, PGMs produce consistent effects in vivo and successfully provide therapeutic benefits over cancer metastasis. Taken together with their high level of biosafety, PGMs answer the long-standing need for an effective and practicable strategy to manipulate GAG-appropriate sulfation patterns and exploit GAG activity in medicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teck Chuan Lim
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos , Singapore 138669 , Singapore .
| | - Shuting Cai
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos , Singapore 138669 , Singapore .
| | - Roland G Huber
- Bioinformatics Institute , 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix , Singapore 138671 , Singapore
| | - Peter J Bond
- Bioinformatics Institute , 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix , Singapore 138671 , Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences , National University of Singapore , 14 Science Drive 4 , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Priscilla Xian Siew Chia
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos , Singapore 138669 , Singapore .
| | - Siv Ly Khou
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos , Singapore 138669 , Singapore .
| | - Shujun Gao
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos , Singapore 138669 , Singapore .
| | - Su Seong Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos , Singapore 138669 , Singapore .
| | - Song-Gil Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos , Singapore 138669 , Singapore .
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47
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Xiao R, Zeng J, Grinstaff MW. Biologically Active Branched Polysaccharide Mimetics: Synthesis via Ring-Opening Polymerization of a Maltose-Based β-Lactam. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:772-777. [PMID: 35650766 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Stereoregular poly-amido-saccharides bearing α-glucopyranose branches (Mal-PASs) are synthesized by anionic ring-opening polymerization of a maltose-based β-lactam monomer followed by debenzylation. The polymerization affords high molecular weight polymers (up to 31500 g/mol) with narrow dispersities (Đ < 1.1). Deprotected Mal-PASs are highly soluble in water and adopt a left-handed helical conformation in solution. Turbidimetric assay shows that Mal-PASs are multivalent ligands to lectin Concanavalin A.
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48
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Maza S, Gandia-Aguado N, de Paz JL, Nieto PM. Fluorous-tag assisted synthesis of a glycosaminoglycan mimetic tetrasaccharide as a high-affinity FGF-2 and midkine ligand. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1076-1085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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49
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Sun C, Li X, Du X, Wang T. Redox-responsive micelles for triggered drug delivery and effective laryngopharyngeal cancer therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:65-73. [PMID: 29371149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we reported a redox-responsive drug delivery system (DDS) based on heparosan and deoxycholic acid conjugates (HSDs) for effective treatment of laryngopharyngeal carcinoma. The amphiphilic HSDs can self-assemble into stable nanoscale micelles in aqueous medium with favorable drug loading capacity for doxorubicin (DOX). The HSD micelles can exhibit glutathione (GSH)-triggered drug release behavior and reach a nearly 100% release rate in a high GSH level (10 mM) environment. Moreover, FaDu cancer cells can internalize HSD micelles by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which is energy dependent, fast, and effective. The DOX@HSD induced inhibition of FaDu cancer cells can achieve a minimum of 10-fold selectivity relative to that of COS-7 normal cells. Overall, the redox-responsive DDSs show good biocompatibility and are promising in the clinical treatment of laryngopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changling Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, The Fourth People's Hospital, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Xiaodong Du
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, The Fourth People's Hospital, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China.
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50
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Liu F, Wu Y, Bai L, Peng X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, An P, Wang S, Ma G, Ba X. Facile preparation of hyperbranched glycopolymers via an AB3* inimer promoted by a hydroxy/cerium(iv) redox process. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01134f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The facile preparation of hyperbranched glycopolymers was performed without protecting group chemistry, where the methyl-6-O-methacryloyl-α-d-glucoside (6-O-MMAGlc) monomer was adopted as an AB3*-type inimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding
- P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding
- P.R. China
| | - Libin Bai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding
- P.R. China
| | - Xixi Peng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding
- P.R. China
| | - Hailei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding
- P.R. China
| | - Yuangong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding
- P.R. China
| | - Puying An
- Medical College
- Hebei University
- Baoding
- P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding
- P.R. China
| | - Gang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding
- P.R. China
| | - Xinwu Ba
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding
- P.R. China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University
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