1
|
Erastova V, Evans IR, Glossop WN, Guryel S, Hodgkinson P, Kerr HE, Oganesyan VS, Softley LK, Wickins HM, Wilson MR. Unravelling Guest Dynamics in Crystalline Molecular Organics Using 2H Solid-State NMR and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18360-18369. [PMID: 38935813 PMCID: PMC11240262 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
2H solid-state NMR and atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to understand the disorder of guest solvent molecules in two cocrystal solvates of the pharmaceutical furosemide. Traditional approaches to interpreting the NMR data fail to provide a coherent model of molecular behavior and indeed give misleading kinetic data. In contrast, the direct prediction of the NMR properties from MD simulation trajectories allows the NMR data to be correctly interpreted in terms of combined jump-type and libration-type motions. Time-independent component analysis of the MD trajectories provides additional insights, particularly for motions that are invisible to NMR. This allows a coherent picture of the dynamics of molecules restricted in molecular-sized cavities to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Erastova
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster
Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Ivana R. Evans
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - William N. Glossop
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Songül Guryel
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Paul Hodgkinson
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Hannah E. Kerr
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | | | - Lorna K. Softley
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Helen M. Wickins
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Mark R. Wilson
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang B, Lu Y. Collective Molecular Machines: Multidimensionality and Reconfigurability. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:155. [PMID: 38499833 PMCID: PMC10948734 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Molecular machines are key to cellular activity where they are involved in converting chemical and light energy into efficient mechanical work. During the last 60 years, designing molecular structures capable of generating unidirectional mechanical motion at the nanoscale has been the topic of intense research. Effective progress has been made, attributed to advances in various fields such as supramolecular chemistry, biology and nanotechnology, and informatics. However, individual molecular machines are only capable of producing nanometer work and generally have only a single functionality. In order to address these problems, collective behaviors realized by integrating several or more of these individual mechanical units in space and time have become a new paradigm. In this review, we comprehensively discuss recent developments in the collective behaviors of molecular machines. In particular, collective behavior is divided into two paradigms. One is the appropriate integration of molecular machines to efficiently amplify molecular motions and deformations to construct novel functional materials. The other is the construction of swarming modes at the supramolecular level to perform nanoscale or microscale operations. We discuss design strategies for both modes and focus on the modulation of features and properties. Subsequently, in order to address existing challenges, the idea of transferring experience gained in the field of micro/nano robotics is presented, offering prospects for future developments in the collective behavior of molecular machines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Perego J, Daolio A, Bezuidenhout CX, Piva S, Prando G, Costarella B, Carretta P, Marchiò L, Kubicki D, Sozzani P, Bracco S, Comotti A. Solid State Machinery of Multiple Dynamic Elements in a Metal-Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317094. [PMID: 38236628 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Engineering coordinated rotational motion in porous architectures enables the fabrication of molecular machines in solids. A flexible two-fold interpenetrated pillared Metal-Organic Framework precisely organizes fast mobile elements such as bicyclopentane (BCP) (107 Hz regime at 85 K), two distinct pyridyl rotors and E-azo group involved in pedal-like motion. Reciprocal sliding of the two sub-networks, switched by chemical stimuli, modulated the sizes of the channels and finally the overall dynamical machinery. Actually, iodine-vapor adsorption drives a dramatic structural rearrangement, displacing the two distinct subnets in a concerted piston-like motion. Unconventionally, BCP mobility increases, exploring ultra-fast dynamics (107 Hz) at temperatures as low as 44 K, while the pyridyl rotors diverge into a faster and slower dynamical regime by symmetry lowering. Indeed, one pillar ring gained greater rotary freedom as carried by the azo-group in a crank-like motion. A peculiar behavior was stimulated by pressurized CO2, which regulates BCP dynamics upon incremental site occupation. The rotary dynamics is intrinsically coupled to the framework flexibility as demonstrated by complementary experimental evidence (multinuclear solid-state NMR down to very low temperatures, synchrotron radiation XRD, gas sorption) and computational modelling, which helps elucidate the highly sophisticated rotor-structure interplay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Daolio
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Piva
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Prando
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Benjamin Costarella
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pietro Carretta
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Dominik Kubicki
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stockerl WJ, Reißenweber L, Gerwien A, Bach NN, Thumser S, Mayer P, Gschwind RM, Dube H. Azotriptycenes: Photoswitchable Molecular Brakes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302267. [PMID: 37779321 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The control of molecular motions is a central topic of molecular machine research. Molecular brakes are fundamental building blocks towards such goal as they allow deliberately decelerating specific motions after an outside stimulus is applied. Here we present azotriptycenes as structural framework for light-controlled molecular brakes. The intrinsic kinetics and their changes upon azotriptycene isomerization are scrutinized comprehensively by a mixed theoretical and variable temperature NMR approach. With azotriptycenes C-N bond rotation rates can be decelerated or accelerated reversibly by up to five orders of magnitude. Rate change effects are highly localized and are strongest for the C-N bond connecting a triptycene rotor fragment to the central diazo group. The detailed mechanistic insights provide a solid basis for further conscious design and applications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willibald J Stockerl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lilli Reißenweber
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aaron Gerwien
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolai N Bach
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Thumser
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruth M Gschwind
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henry Dube
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Perego J, Bezuidenhout CX, Bracco S, Piva S, Prando G, Aloisi C, Carretta P, Kaleta J, Le TP, Sozzani P, Daolio A, Comotti A. Benchmark Dynamics of Dipolar Molecular Rotors in Fluorinated Metal-Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215893. [PMID: 36469012 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), comprising a wheel-shaped ligand with geminal rotating fluorine atoms, produced benchmark mobility of correlated dipolar rotors at 2 K, with practically null activation energy (Ea =17 cal mol-1 ). 1 H T1 NMR revealed multiple relaxation phenomena due to the exchange among correlated dipole-rotor configurations. Synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction at 4 K, Density Functional Theory, Molecular Dynamics and phonon calculations showed the fluid landscape and pointed out a cascade mechanism converting dipole configurations into each other. Gas accessibility, shown by hyperpolarized-Xe NMR, allowed for chemical stimuli intervention: CO2 triggered dipole reorientation, reducing their collective dynamics and stimulating a dipole configuration change in the crystal. Dynamic materials under limited thermal noise and high responsiveness enable the fabrication of molecular machines with low energy dissipation and controllable dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Charl X Bezuidenhout
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Piva
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Prando
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristian Aloisi
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Carretta
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jiří Kaleta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thi Phuong Le
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Daolio
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bastien G, Nováková Lachmanová Š, Tarábek J, Rončević I, Hromadová M, Kaleta J, Pospíšil L. Electrochemical test of flexibility of pyridine terminated molecular rods. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Li W, Liu D, Hu W, Liu Q, Du Z, He C, Zhang W, Chen X. A Crystalline Supramolecular Rotor Functioned by Dual Ultrasmall Polar Rotators. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - De‐Xuan Liu
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Wei‐Yu Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Qing‐Yan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Zi‐Yi Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Chun‐Ting He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Wei‐Xiong Zhang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Xiao‐Ming Chen
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Photogearing as a concept for translation of precise motions at the nanoscale. Nat Chem 2022; 14:670-676. [PMID: 35437331 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges for harnessing the true potential of functional nano-machinery is integrating and transmitting motion with great precision. Molecular gearing systems enable the integration of multiple motions in a correlated fashion to translate motions from one locality to another and to change their speed and direction. However, currently no powerful methods exist to implement active driving of gearing motions at the molecular scale. Here we present a light-fuelled molecular gearing system and demonstrate its superiority over passive thermally activated gearing. Translation of a 180° rotation into a 120° rotation is achieved while at the same time the direction of the rotation axis is shifted by 120°. Within such photogearing processes, precise motions at the nanoscale can be changed in direction and decelerated in a manner similar to macroscopic bevel-gear operations in an energy consuming way-a necessary prerequisite to employ gearing as an active component in future mechanical nano-systems.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kaletová E, Santos Hurtado C, Císařová I, Teat SJ, Kaleta J. Triptycene-Based Molecular Rods for Langmuir-Blodgett Monolayers. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200023. [PMID: 35195369 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Herein we introduce fully modular synthesis leading to three representative examples of rigid molecular rods that are intended to form sturdy monolayers on various surfaces. These molecules contain two triptycene units that are designed to interlock into a compact "double-decker" structure. Two of the three final products provided suitable crystals for X-ray diffraction (analyzed on synchrotron), allowing deeper insight into packing in the 3-D crystal lattice. The acidity of all three compounds were determined by capillary electrophoresis, and the pKa values ranged between 2.06-2.53. All three rigid rods easily formed Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers (LBMs) on the water-air interfaces, with the area per molecule equal to 55-59 Å2 /molecule, suggesting tight intermolecular packing. The thickness of all three films reached ∼19 Å after transfer to a gold (111) surface, meaning that individual molecules are tilted maximally 38° from the axis perpendicular to the surface. The structure of one of these films on a gold (111) surface was visualized by AFM. These geometrically unique molecules represent promising platforms with a wide scope of applicability in the supramolecular architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kaletová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Carina Santos Hurtado
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jiří Kaleta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lasányi D, Máth D, Tolnai GL. Synthesis and Use of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylaldehyde Building Blocks. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2393-2401. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Lasányi
- Institute of Chemistry, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. stny. 1/a, Budapest H1117, Hungary
| | - Dániel Máth
- Institute of Chemistry, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. stny. 1/a, Budapest H1117, Hungary
| | - Gergely L. Tolnai
- Institute of Chemistry, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. stny. 1/a, Budapest H1117, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yu R, Xu S, Wang MH, Yang T, Cui ZH. Metallocene: multi-layered molecular rotors. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14156-14162. [PMID: 34549756 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02291a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The electronic and structural prerequisites for a multi-layered molecular rotor have been demonstrated herein in terms of nine 18-valence-electron metallocene sandwich complexes. First, the lack of strong covalent bonds between layers is a key issue to obtain a barrier-free rotation of one layer relative to other layers, where the considerable energetic but unidirectional (such as electrostatic interactions) interactions are needed between layers to keep the structural integrity against fragment separation and structural distortion in a rotation process. Second, one or more layers should possess continuous and delocalized π electron clouds to provide a driving force for the barrier-free rotation. More importantly, besides a negligible rotation barrier, the reasonable rotational period associated with the ultra-soft rotation mode is a critical point for the observability of dynamical behavior in multi-layered molecular rotors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
| | - Song Xu
- Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Meng-Hui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Zhong-Hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China. .,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gonzalez-Nelson A, Mula S, Šimėnas M, Balčiu Nas S, Altenhof AR, Vojvodin CS, Canossa S, Banys JR, Schurko RW, Coudert FX, van der Veen MA. Emergence of Coupled Rotor Dynamics in Metal-Organic Frameworks via Tuned Steric Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12053-12062. [PMID: 34324323 PMCID: PMC8361432 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The organic components
in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)
are unique: they are embedded in a crystalline lattice, yet, as they
are separated from each other by tunable free space, a large variety
of dynamic behavior can emerge. These rotational dynamics of the organic
linkers are especially important due to their influence over properties
such as gas adsorption and kinetics of guest release. To fully exploit
linker rotation, such as in the form of molecular machines, it is
necessary to engineer correlated linker dynamics to achieve their
cooperative functional motion. Here, we show that for MIL-53, a topology
with closely spaced rotors, the phenylene functionalization allows
researchers to tune the rotors’ steric environment, shifting
linker rotation from completely static to rapid motions at frequencies
above 100 MHz. For steric interactions that start to inhibit independent
rotor motion, we identify for the first time the emergence of coupled
rotation modes in linker dynamics. These findings pave the way for
function-specific engineering of gear-like cooperative motion in MOFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Gonzalez-Nelson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.,DPI, P.O.Box 92, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Srinidhi Mula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mantas Šimėnas
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Adam R Altenhof
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States.,National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Cameron S Vojvodin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States.,National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Stefano Canossa
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ju Ras Banys
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Robert W Schurko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States.,National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - François-Xavier Coudert
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Monique A van der Veen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Roque JPL, Nunes CM, Viegas LP, Pereira NAM, Pinho E Melo TMVD, Schreiner PR, Fausto R. Switching on H-Tunneling through Conformational Control. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8266-8271. [PMID: 34048232 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
H-tunneling is a ubiquitous phenomenon, relevant to fields from biochemistry to materials science, but harnessing it for mastering the manipulation of chemical structures still remains nearly illusory. Here, we demonstrate how to switch on H-tunneling by conformational control using external radiation. This is outlined with a triplet 2-hydroxyphenylnitrene generated in an N2 matrix at 10 K by UV-irradiation of an azide precursor. The anti-orientation of the nitrene's OH moiety was converted to syn by selective vibrational excitation at the 2ν(OH) frequency, thereby moving the H atom closer to the vicinal nitrene center. This triggers spontaneous H-tunneling to a singlet 6-imino-2,4-cyclohexadienone. Computations reveal that such fast H-tunneling occurs through crossing the triplet-to-singlet potential energy surfaces. Our experimental realization provides an exciting novel strategy to attain control over tunneling, opening new avenues for directing chemical transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José P L Roque
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudio M Nunes
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís P Viegas
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nelson A M Pereira
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Rui Fausto
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Half-Sandwich LaBn−/0 (n = 14–17): π Dually Aromatic Lanthanide Boride Complexes with Multicenter Fluxional Bonds. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
Zarcone SR, Chu GM, Ehnbom A, Cardenal A, Fiedler T, Bhuvanesh N, Hall MB, Gladysz JA. Toward Frameworks with Multiple Aligned and Interactive Fe(CO) 3 Rotators: Syntheses and Structures of Diiron Complexes Linked by Two trans-Diaxial α,ω-Diphosphine Ligands Ar 2P(CH 2) nPAr 2. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3314-3330. [PMID: 33571407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of (η4-benzylideneacetone)Fe(CO)3 and the α,ω-diphosphines Ar2P(CH2)nPAr2 afford the trigonal bipyramidal diiron tetraphosphorus complexes trans,trans-(CO)3Fe[Ar2P(CH2)nPAr2]2Fe(CO)3 (n/Ar = 3/Ph 3, 4/Ph 4a, 4/p-tol 4b; 56-19%). Crystal structures establish essentially parallel P-Fe-P axes, iron-iron distances of 5.894(9)-5.782(1) Å (3) and 6.403(1)-6.466(1) Å (4a,b), and van der Waals radii of 4.45 Å for the Fe(CO)3 rotators, the planes of which are offset by 0.029-1.665 Å. Analogous reactions of Ph2P(CH2)6PPh2 yield the square pyramidal monoiron complex trans-(CO)3Fe[Ph2P(CH2)6PPh2] (6', 31%), a rare case where a diphosphine spans trans basal positions (∠P-Fe-P 147.4(2)°). Both 3 and 6' exhibit two CO 13C NMR signals at room temperature, indicating slow exchange on the NMR time scale, which in the former could entail Fe(CO)3/Fe(CO)3 gearing. Under analogous conditions, 4a,b exhibit one signal. Previously reported adducts of Fe(CO)3 and Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 are surveyed (1:1, n = 1-5; 2:2, n = 5), and the IR νC≡O band patterns and energies of all complexes analyzed with the aid of DFT calculations. The diiron complexes are preferred thermodynamically. Attention is given to limiting types of Fe(CO)3/Fe(CO)3 interactions in the diiron complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Zarcone
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Gong M Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Andreas Ehnbom
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Ashley Cardenal
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Tobias Fiedler
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Michael B Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - John A Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Miao LP, Qi Q, Zhang W. Solvent-Induced Structural Transformation and Luminescence Response in a Dumbbell-Shaped Crystalline Molecular Rotor. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3149-3155. [PMID: 33570918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline molecular rotors constitute a new class of stimuli-responsive molecular materials owing to inherent molecular dynamics. However, beyond the molecular level, the role of molecular packings on the bulk structures and related properties has yet to be fully understood. Herein, we report a crystalline molecular rotor showing solvent-induced structural transformation and luminescence response. The molecular rotor has a dumbbell shape with two plates as the stators and one axial bridging ligand as the rotator. The crystals adopt solvated and desolvated forms with strikingly different packing structures. The solvated forms can easily transform into the desolvated form. During the structure transformation, the butterfly-like conformation of the stator undergoes a drastic dihedral angle change of about 30°, resulting in a luminescent change of about 10 nm. These findings afford a new aspect for functional molecular rotor materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le-Ping Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Miao LP, Chu LL, Han XB, Liang BD, Chai CY, Fan CC, Wang XX, Yao YF, Zhang W. A ferroelastic molecular rotor crystal showing inverse temperature symmetry breaking. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00309g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A molecular rotor crystal shows a ferroelastic phase transition with unique inverse temperature symmetry breaking which is a result of concerted molecular movement triggered by anisotropic steric repulsion among adjacent molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le-Ping Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Lin-Lin Chu
- Department of Physics & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Xiang-Bin Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Bei-Dou Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Chao-Yang Chai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Chang-Chun Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Xiao-Xu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cloud Computing Key Technology and Application
- Beijing Computing Center
- Beijing Academy of Science and Technology
- Beijing 100094
- China
| | - Ye-Feng Yao
- Department of Physics & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Quantum spin-liquid states in an organic magnetic layer and molecular rotor hybrid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:29555-29560. [PMID: 33154159 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000188117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The exotic properties of quantum spin liquids (QSLs) have continually been of interest since Anderson's 1973 ground-breaking idea. Geometrical frustration, quantum fluctuations, and low dimensionality are the most often evoked material's characteristics that favor the long-range fluctuating spin state without freezing into an ordered magnet or a spin glass at low temperatures. Among the few known QSL candidates, organic crystals have the advantage of having rich chemistry capable of finely tuning their microscopic parameters. Here, we demonstrate the emergence of a QSL state in [EDT-TTF-CONH2]2 +[[Formula: see text]] (EDT-BCO), where the EDT molecules with spin-1/2 on a triangular lattice form layers which are separated by a sublattice of BCO molecular rotors. By several magnetic measurements, we show that the subtle random potential of frozen BCO Brownian rotors suppresses magnetic order down to the lowest temperatures. Our study identifies the relevance of disorder in the stabilization of QSLs.
Collapse
|
19
|
Liepuoniute I, Jellen MJ, Garcia-Garibay MA. Correlated motion and mechanical gearing in amphidynamic crystalline molecular machines. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12994-13007. [PMID: 34094484 PMCID: PMC8163207 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04495d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we highlight the recent efforts towards the development of molecular gears with an emphasis on building molecular gears in the solid state and the role that molecular gearing and correlated motions may play in the function of crystalline molecular machines. We discuss current molecular and crystal engineering strategies, challenges associated with engineering correlated motion in crystals, and outline experimental and theoretical tools to explore gearing dynamics while highlighting key advances made to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Liepuoniute
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Marcus J Jellen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Miguel A Garcia-Garibay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liepuoniute I, Sanders JN, Garcia-Garibay MA, Houk KN. Computational Investigation into Ligand Effects on Correlated Geared Dynamics in Dirhodium Supramolecular Gears-Insights Beyond the NMR Experimental Window. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8695-8701. [PMID: 32478513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The rotational dynamics of dirhodium supramolecular gears, formed with four 9-triptycene carboxylates cyclically arranged around a dirhodium core with variable axial ligands as originally designed by Shionoya et al., provide an excellent opportunity to evaluate the potential of computational methods and expand our understanding of the factors determining geared dynamics. Rotational dynamic rates in these structures depend on the nature of the axial ligand as shown by simulations over timescales that are not accessible experimentally. Molecular dynamics simulations gave information on the gearing mechanism, and the activation barriers to gearing were calculated using density functional theory. Steric demands imposed by the axial ligand were quantified using buried volume analysis. We found that gearing takes place in all six dirhodium-gear complexes with different axial ligands and that rotational barriers depend on their steric size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Liepuoniute
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jacob N Sanders
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Miguel A Garcia-Garibay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xiong R, Lu S, Zhang Z, Cheng H, Li P, Liao W. A Chiral Thermochromic Ferroelastic with Seven Physical Channel Switches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren‐Gen Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular FerroelectricsSoutheast University Nanjing 211189 P. R. China
| | - Si‐Qi Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular FerroelectricsSoutheast University Nanjing 211189 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular FerroelectricsSoutheast University Nanjing 211189 P. R. China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Peng‐Fei Li
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Qiang Liao
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xiong R, Lu S, Zhang Z, Cheng H, Li P, Liao W. A Chiral Thermochromic Ferroelastic with Seven Physical Channel Switches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9574-9578. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren‐Gen Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular FerroelectricsSoutheast University Nanjing 211189 P. R. China
| | - Si‐Qi Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular FerroelectricsSoutheast University Nanjing 211189 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular FerroelectricsSoutheast University Nanjing 211189 P. R. China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Peng‐Fei Li
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Qiang Liao
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rodríguez-Fortea A, Canadell E, Wzietek P, Lemouchi C, Allain M, Zorina L, Batail P. Nanoscale rotational dynamics of four independent rotators confined in crowded crystalline layers. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:8294-8302. [PMID: 32236227 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00858c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a study where Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations and variable-temperature (30-300 K) 1H spin-lattice relaxation time experiments nicely complement each other to characterize the dynamics within a set of four crystalline 1,4-diethynylbicyclo[2.2.2]octane (BCO) rotors assembled in the metal-organic rotor, {Li+4(-CO2-Ph-BCO-py)4(H2O)8}·2DMF. The remarkable finding of this work is that, despite the individual rotational barriers of four rotors being indiscernible and superimposed in a broad relaxation process, we were able to unravel a strongly interrelated series of rotational motions involving disrotatory and conrotatory motions in pairs as well as rotational steps of single rotators, all three processes with similar, sizeable rotational barriers of 6 kcal mol-1. It is noteworthy that DFT molecular dynamics simulations and variable-temperature (30-300 K) proton spin-lattice relaxation time experiments deliver the same high value for the rotational barriers stressing the potential of the combined use of the two techniques in understanding rotational motion at the nanoscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. antonio.rodriguezf@urv
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Colin-Molina A, Velázquez-Chávez D, Jellen MJ, Rodríguez-Cortés LA, Cifuentes-Quintal ME, Merino G, Rodríguez-Molina B. Dynamic characterization of crystalline fluorophores with conformationally flexible tetrahydrocarbazole frameworks. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00423e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent compounds 2 and 3 have been prepared by using Ullmann-type coupling reactions. Solid-state NMR (13C CPMAS and 2H) and periodic DFT computations were used to determine that intramolecular motion coexists with emission in these crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Colin-Molina
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Ciudad de México
| | - Diego Velázquez-Chávez
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Ciudad de México
| | - Marcus J. Jellen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Lizbeth A. Rodríguez-Cortés
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Ciudad de México
| | | | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados
- Mérida
- México
| | - Braulio Rodríguez-Molina
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Ciudad de México
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dattler D, Fuks G, Heiser J, Moulin E, Perrot A, Yao X, Giuseppone N. Design of Collective Motions from Synthetic Molecular Switches, Rotors, and Motors. Chem Rev 2019; 120:310-433. [PMID: 31869214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Precise control over molecular movement is of fundamental and practical importance in physics, biology, and chemistry. At nanoscale, the peculiar functioning principles and the synthesis of individual molecular actuators and machines has been the subject of intense investigations and debates over the past 60 years. In this review, we focus on the design of collective motions that are achieved by integrating, in space and time, several or many of these individual mechanical units together. In particular, we provide an in-depth look at the intermolecular couplings used to physically connect a number of artificial mechanically active molecular units such as photochromic molecular switches, nanomachines based on mechanical bonds, molecular rotors, and light-powered rotary motors. We highlight the various functioning principles that can lead to their collective motion at various length scales. We also emphasize how their synchronized, or desynchronized, mechanical behavior can lead to emerging functional properties and to their implementation into new active devices and materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Dattler
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Gad Fuks
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Joakim Heiser
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Emilie Moulin
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Alexis Perrot
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Xuyang Yao
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jiang X, Duan HB, Jellen MJ, Chen Y, Chung TS, Liang Y, Garcia-Garibay MA. Thermally Activated Transient Dipoles and Rotational Dynamics of Hydrogen-Bonded and Charge-Transferred Diazabicyclo [2.2.2]Octane Molecular Rotors. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16802-16809. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hai-Bao Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiao Zhuang University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211171, P. R. China
| | - Marcus J. Jellen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Tim S. Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Miguel A. Garcia-Garibay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Meenu K, Bag DS, Lagarkha R, Tomar R, Gupta AK. Functional Polysilanes and their Optical, Chiroptical and Photoluminescence Properties. CURRENT ORGANOCATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2213337206666190415124549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
‘Polysilanes’ is an important class of inorganic polymers having Si-Si σ-conjugation along the backbone. They exhibit extraordinary electronic and photophysical properties and find suitable optoelectronics applications. They are typically synthesized by Wurtz coupling reaction of dichlorodialkylsilane or dichlorodiphenylsilane or dichloroalkylphenylsilane and their combinations under drastic reaction conditions by using sodium dispersion in boiling toluene. In such a drastic condition, no functional groups sustain with polysilane polymer. In order to achieve such functional materials, researchers have been interested in synthesizing functional polysilane with a different functional group like a chiral group, azobenzene containing chromophore and other heteroatoms in their main chain or side chain. Therefore, it is a very challenging task to synthesize polysilanes having effective functionality integrated with their structures. However, the modern technological demand of materials leads to efforts to obtain polymers having functional and multifunctional activity in a single material. In this review article, we cover the synthesis of polysilane with functional activity via pre-polymerization and post-polymerization with a functional group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Km. Meenu
- Defence Material and Stores Research and Development Establishment (DMSRDE) DMSRDE P.O., G.T. Road, Kanpur-208013, India
| | - Dibyendu S. Bag
- Defence Material and Stores Research and Development Establishment (DMSRDE) DMSRDE P.O., G.T. Road, Kanpur-208013, India
| | - Rekha Lagarkha
- Department of Chemistry Bundelkhand University Jhansi-284128, India
| | - Radha Tomar
- SOS in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior-474011, India
| | - Arvind K. Gupta
- Defence Research and Development Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior- 474001, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kaleta J, Bastien G, Wen J, Dračínský M, Tortorici E, Císařová I, Beale PD, Rogers CT, Michl J. Bulk Inclusions of Double Pyridazine Molecular Rotors in Hexagonal Tris(o-phenylene)cyclotriphosphazene. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8449-8467. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Kaleta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Guillaume Bastien
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jin Wen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Edward Tortorici
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Paul D. Beale
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Charles T. Rogers
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Josef Michl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Overview of Low-Temperature Heat Capacity Data for Zn2(C8H4O4)2.C6H12N2 and the Salam Hypothesis. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11050657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The review presents the progress in the analysis of low-temperature heat capacity of the metal-organic framework Zn2(C8H4O4)2.C6H12N2 (Zn-DMOF). In Zn-DMOF, left-twisted D3(S) and right-twisted D3(R) DABCO molecules (C6H12N2) can transform into each other by tunneling to form a racemate. Termination of tunneling leads to a phase transition in the subsystem of twisted molecules. It is suggested that Zn-DMOF may be considered a model system to study the mechanisms of phase transitions belonging to the same type as hypothetical Salam phase transitions.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kaleta J, Rončević I, Císařová I, Dračínský M, Šolínová V, Kašička V, Michl J. Bridge-Chlorinated Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-dicarboxylic Acids. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2448-2461. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Kaleta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Igor Rončević
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Šolínová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Michl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Locke GM, Bernhard SSR, Senge MO. Nonconjugated Hydrocarbons as Rigid-Linear Motifs: Isosteres for Material Sciences and Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry. Chemistry 2019; 25:4590-4647. [PMID: 30387906 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nonconjugated hydrocarbons, like bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, triptycene, and cubane are a unique class of rigid linkers. Due to their similarity in size and shape they are useful mimics of classic benzene moieties in drugs, so-called bioisosteres. Moreover, they also fulfill an important role in material sciences as linear linkers, in order to arrange various functionalities in a defined spatial manner. In this Review article, recent developments and usages of these special, rectilinear systems are discussed. Furthermore, we focus on covalently linked, nonconjugated linear arrangements and discuss the physical and chemical properties and differences of individual linkers, as well as their application in material and medicinal sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma M Locke
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Stefan S R Bernhard
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Huang RK, Xiao ZF, Liu DX, Zhang WX, Chen XM. Unprecedented water-controlled rotator–stator conversion of supramolecular rotors in crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7159-7162. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03267c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A supramolecular rotor exhibits two switchable rotational states controlled by guest water in crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Kang Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Zhi-Feng Xiao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - De-Xuan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Wei-Xiong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Xiao-Ming Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Kaleta J, Bastien G, Císařová I, Batail P, Michl J. Molecular Rods: Facile Desymmetrization of 1,4-Diethynylbicyclo[2.2.2]octane. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Kaleta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Praha 6 Czech Republic
| | - Guillaume Bastien
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Praha 6 Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 2030 12840 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Batail
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou; CNRS UMR 6200; Université d'Angers; 49045 Angers France
| | - Josef Michl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Praha 6 Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado; 80309-0215 Boulder CO United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Simonov S, Zorina L, Wzietek P, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Canadell E, Mézière C, Bastien G, Lemouchi C, Garcia-Garibay MA, Batail P. Static Modulation Wave of Arrays of Halogen Interactions Transduced to a Hierarchy of Nanoscale Change Stimuli of Crystalline Rotors Dynamics. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3780-3784. [PMID: 29737859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a study where what can be seen as a static modulation wave encompassing four successive arrays of interacting iodine atoms in crystalline 1,4-Bis((4'-(iodoethynyl)phenyl) ethynyl)bicyclo[2,2,2]octane rotors changes the structure from one-half molecule to three-and-a-half molecules in the asymmetric unit below a phase transition at 105 K. The remarkable finding is that the total 1H spin-lattice relaxation rate, T1-1, of unprecedented complexity to date in molecular rotors, is the weighted sum of the relaxation rates of the four contributing rotors relaxation rates, each with distinguishable exchange frequencies reflecting Arrhenius parameters with different activation barriers ( Ea) and attempt frequencies (τo-1). This allows us to show in tandem with rotor-environment interaction energy calculations how the dynamics of molecular rotors are able to decode structural information from their surroundings with remarkable nanoscale precision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Simonov
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, CNRS UMR 6200 , Université d'Angers , 49045 Angers , France
- Institute of Solid State Physics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Chernogolovka, Moscow District 142432 Russia
| | - Leokadiya Zorina
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, CNRS UMR 6200 , Université d'Angers , 49045 Angers , France
- Institute of Solid State Physics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Chernogolovka, Moscow District 142432 Russia
| | - Pawel Wzietek
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 6502 , Université de Paris-Sud , 91405 Orsay , France
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Marcel.li Domingo 1 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Enric Canadell
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus de la UAB , 08193 Bellaterra , Spain
| | - Cécile Mézière
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, CNRS UMR 6200 , Université d'Angers , 49045 Angers , France
| | - Guillaume Bastien
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, CNRS UMR 6200 , Université d'Angers , 49045 Angers , France
| | - Cyprien Lemouchi
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, CNRS UMR 6200 , Université d'Angers , 49045 Angers , France
| | - Miguel A Garcia-Garibay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Patrick Batail
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, CNRS UMR 6200 , Université d'Angers , 49045 Angers , France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rodríguez-Fortea A, Kaleta J, Mézière C, Allain M, Canadell E, Wzietek P, Michl J, Batail P. Asymmetric Choreography in Pairs of Orthogonal Rotors. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:1293-1297. [PMID: 29399655 PMCID: PMC5793037 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
An asymmetric mechanism for correlated motion occurring in noninteracting pairs of adjacent orthogonal 1,4-bis(carboxyethynyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) rotators 1 in the solid state is unraveled and shown to play an important role in understanding the dynamics in the crystalline rotor, Bu4N+[1-]·H2O. Single crystal X-ray diffraction and calculation of rotor-rotor interaction energies combined with variable-temperature, variable-field 1H spin-lattice relaxation experiments led to the identification and microscopic rationalization of two distinct relaxation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Departament
de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jiří Kaleta
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy
of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam, 2, Prague 6, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cécile Mézière
- Laboratoire
MOLTECH-Anjou, CNRS UMR 6200, Université d’Angers, 49045 Angers, France
| | - Magali Allain
- Laboratoire
MOLTECH-Anjou, CNRS UMR 6200, Université d’Angers, 49045 Angers, France
| | - Enric Canadell
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- E-mail: (E.C.)
| | - Pawel Wzietek
- Laboratoire
de Physique des Solides, CNRS & Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
- E-mail: (P.W.)
| | - Josef Michl
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy
of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nam, 2, Prague 6, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
- E-mail: (J.M.)
| | - Patrick Batail
- Laboratoire
MOLTECH-Anjou, CNRS UMR 6200, Université d’Angers, 49045 Angers, France
- E-mail: (P.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fan GM, Gao JX, Shi C, Yu H, Ye L, Jiang JY, Shuai C, Zhang Y, Ye HY. [C7H14NO][ClO4]: order–disorder structural change induced sudden switchable dielectric behaviour at room temperature. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01461b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Static-to-dynamic transition in organic–inorganic hybrid [C7H14NO][ClO4] exhibits switch-type characteristics during the dielectric transitions between high- and low-dielectric states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Meng Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Ji-Xing Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Chao Shi
- Chaotic Matter Science Research Center
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Hui Yu
- Chaotic Matter Science Research Center
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Le Ye
- Chaotic Matter Science Research Center
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Jia-Ying Jiang
- Chaotic Matter Science Research Center
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Cijun Shuai
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
- Central South University
| | - Yi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
- Chaotic Matter Science Research Center
| | - Heng-Yun Ye
- Chaotic Matter Science Research Center
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Rotational motion within molecular crystals is a prototypical concept to build future functional materials and solid-state molecular machines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Catalano
- New York University Abu Dhabi
- Abu Dhabi
- United Arab Emirates
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi
- Abu Dhabi
- United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hughes AR, Brownbill NJ, Lalek RC, Briggs ME, Slater AG, Cooper AI, Blanc F. Ultra-Fast Molecular Rotors within Porous Organic Cages. Chemistry 2017; 23:17217-17221. [PMID: 29053892 PMCID: PMC5813266 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Using variable temperature 2 H static NMR spectra and 13 C spin-lattice relaxation times (T1 ), we show that two different porous organic cages with tubular architectures are ultra-fast molecular rotors. The central para-phenylene rings that frame the "windows" to the cage voids display very rapid rotational rates of the order of 1.2-8×106 Hz at 230 K with low activation energy barriers in the 12-18 kJ mol-1 range. These cages act as hosts to iodine guest molecules, which dramatically slows down the rotational rates of the phenylene groups (5-10×104 Hz at 230 K), demonstrating potential use in applications that require molecular capture and release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashlea R. Hughes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Nick J. Brownbill
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Rachel C. Lalek
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Michael E. Briggs
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
- Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - Anna G. Slater
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
- Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
- Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable EnergyUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lee SC, Lee CL, Heo J, Jeong CU, Lee GH, Kim S, Yoon W, Yun H, Park SO, Kwak SK, Park SH, Kwon OP. Molecular Viscosity Sensors with Two Rotators for Optimizing the Fluorescence Intensity-Contrast Trade-Off. Chemistry 2017; 24:2888-2897. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Chul Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Lyoul Lee
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI); Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyun Heo
- Center for Theragnosis; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Uk Jeong
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Hui Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Center for Theragnosis; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Yoon
- Department of Chemistry & Department of Energy Systems Research; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Hoseop Yun
- Department of Chemistry & Department of Energy Systems Research; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung O. Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology; 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kwak
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology; 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ha Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Republic of Korea
| | - O-Pil Kwon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Kaleta J, Chen J, Bastien G, Dračínský M, Mašát M, Rogers CT, Feringa BL, Michl J. Surface Inclusion of Unidirectional Molecular Motors in Hexagonal Tris(o-phenylene)cyclotriphosphazene. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10486-10498. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Kaleta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Department
of Organic and Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Bastien
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Mašát
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Charles T. Rogers
- Department
of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Department
of Organic and Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Josef Michl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li W, He CT, Zeng Y, Ji CM, Du ZY, Zhang WX, Chen XM. Crystalline Supramolecular Gyroscope with a Water Molecule as an Ultrasmall Polar Rotator Modulated by Charge-Assisted Hydrogen Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8086-8089. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- Key
Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Functional Materials Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Chun-Ting He
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of
Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Key
Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Functional Materials Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Cheng-Min Ji
- Fujian
Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zi-Yi Du
- Key
Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Functional Materials Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wei-Xiong Zhang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of
Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Chen
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of
Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Iida H, Ohmura K, Noda R, Iwahana S, Katagiri H, Ousaka N, Hayashi T, Hijikata Y, Irle S, Yashima E. Double-Stranded Helical Oligomers Covalently Bridged by Rotary Cyclic Boronate Esters. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:927-935. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Iida
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku; Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
- Department of Chemistry; Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Shimane University; 1060 Nishikawatsu Matsue 690-8504 Japan
| | - Kenji Ohmura
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku; Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Ryuta Noda
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku; Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Soichiro Iwahana
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku; Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katagiri
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Yamagata University; 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Naoki Ousaka
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku; Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Taku Hayashi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Yuh Hijikata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Stephan Irle
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Eiji Yashima
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku; Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yang Y, Jia D, Wang YJ, Zhai HJ, Man Y, Li SD. A universal mechanism of the planar boron rotors B 11-, B 13+, B 15+, and B 19-: inner wheels rotating in pseudo-rotating outer bearings. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:1443-1448. [PMID: 28094386 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09074e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Planar boron clusters B11-, B13+, B15+, and B19- have been introduced recently as molecular Wankel motors or tank treads. Here we present a universal mechanism for these dynamically fluxional clusters; that is, they are molecular rotors with inner wheels that rotate almost freely in pseudo-rotating outer bearings, analogous to rotating molecules trapped in pseudo-rotating cages. This mechanism has significant quantum mechanical consequences: the global-minimum structures of the clusters have C2v symmetry, whereas the wheels rotating in pseudo-rotating bearings generate rosette-type shapes with D9h, D10h, D11h, and D13h symmetries. The related rotational/pseudo-rotational energies appear with characteristic band structures, effecting the dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Dongming Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Ying-Jin Wang
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Yuan Man
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Catalano L, Perez-Estrada S, Wang HH, Ayitou AJL, Khan SI, Terraneo G, Metrangolo P, Brown S, Garcia-Garibay MA. Rotational Dynamics of Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane in Isomorphous Halogen-Bonded Co-crystals: Entropic and Enthalpic Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:843-848. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Catalano
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Laboratory of Nanostructured
Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Salvador Perez-Estrada
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hsin-Hua Wang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anoklase J.-L. Ayitou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Saeed I. Khan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Laboratory of Nanostructured
Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Nanostructured
Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Biologinkuja 7, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Stuart Brown
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Miguel A. Garcia-Garibay
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sun YL, Shi C, Zhang W. Distinct room-temperature dielectric transition in a perchlorate-based organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:16774-16778. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03798h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Distinct room-temperature dielectric transition is realized in a perchlorate-based organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite with the introduction of a polar cationic guest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Sun
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Chao Shi
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fujiwara A, Inagaki Y, Momma H, Kwon E, Yamaguchi K, Kanno M, Kono H, Setaka W. A crystalline molecular gyrotop with a biphenylene dirotor and its temperature-dependent birefringence. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01081h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A crystalline molecular gyrotop with a biphenylene dirotor showed a reduction in the birefringence with increasing temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Fujiwara
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Yusuke Inagaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Momma
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Eunsang Kwon
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus
- Tokushima Bunri University
- Sanuki
- Japan
| | - Manabu Kanno
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Hirohiko Kono
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Wataru Setaka
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Colin-Molina A, Pérez-Estrada S, Roa AE, Villagrana-Garcia A, Hernández-Ortega S, Rodríguez M, Brown SE, Rodríguez-Molina B. Isotropic rotation in amphidynamic crystals of stacked carbazole-based rotors featuring halogen-bonded stators. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12833-12836. [PMID: 27722595 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07379d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-like dynamics of a covalent 1,4-phenylene rotator have been unveiled in 1 with a brominated stator showing type-II halogen bonds. This singular rotation is favored by synergistic molecular changes in stacked molecules, according to VT solid state NMR, 1H T1 relaxometry and VT X-ray experiments of this highly crystalline compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Colin-Molina
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Salvador Pérez-Estrada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Arian E Roa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.P. 1-948, 37000 León, GTO, Mexico
| | - Alvin Villagrana-Garcia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Simón Hernández-Ortega
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Mario Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.P. 1-948, 37000 León, GTO, Mexico
| | - Stuart E Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Braulio Rodríguez-Molina
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sun YZ, Huang B, Xu WJ, Zhou DD, Chen SL, Zhang SY, Du ZY, Xie YR, He CT, Zhang WX, Chen XM. Plastic Crystals with Polar Halochromate Anion: Thermosensitive Dielectrics Based upon Plastic Transition and Dipole Rotation. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:11418-11425. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhi Sun
- Key
Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Functional Materials Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Bo Huang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wei-Jian Xu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dong-Dong Zhou
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shao-Li Chen
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shi-Yong Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Functional Materials Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zi-Yi Du
- Key
Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Functional Materials Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yong-Rong Xie
- Key
Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Functional Materials Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Chun-Ting He
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wei-Xiong Zhang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Chen
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|