1
|
Mei P, Ma Z, Chen Y, Wu Y, Hao W, Fan QH, Zhang WX. Chiral bisphosphine Ph-BPE ligand: a rising star in asymmetric synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6735-6778. [PMID: 38826108 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Chiral 1,2-bis(2,5-diphenylphospholano)ethane (Ph-BPE) is a class of optimal organic bisphosphine ligands with C2-symmetry. Ph-BPE with its excellent catalytic performance in asymmetric synthesis has attracted much attention of chemists with increasing popularity and is growing into one of the most commonly used organophosphorus ligands, especially in asymmetric catalysis. Over two hundred examples have been reported since 2012. This review presents how Ph-BPE is utilized in asymmetric synthesis and how powerful it is as a chiral ligand or even a catalyst in a wide range of reactions including applications in the total synthesis of bioactive molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Mei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zibin Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yue Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Wei Hao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing-Hua Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Castanyer C, Pla-Quintana A, Roglans A, Artigas A, Solà M. Unveiling the regioselectivity of rhodium(I)-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions for open-cage C 70 production. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:272-279. [PMID: 38379734 PMCID: PMC10877076 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The regioselective functionalization of fullerenes holds significant promise for applications in the fields of medicinal chemistry, materials science, and photovoltaics. In this study, we investigate the regioselectivity of the rhodium(I)-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between diynes and C70 as a novel procedure for generating C70 bis(fulleroid) derivatives. The aim is to shed light on the regioselectivity of the process through both experimental and computational approaches. In addition, the photooxidation of one of the C-C double bonds in the synthesized bis(fulleroids) affords open-cage C70 derivatives having a 12-membered ring opening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Castanyer
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona 17003 Catalunya, Spain
| | - Anna Pla-Quintana
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona 17003 Catalunya, Spain
| | - Anna Roglans
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona 17003 Catalunya, Spain
| | - Albert Artigas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona 17003 Catalunya, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona 17003 Catalunya, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chang X, Liu XT, Li F, Yang Y, Chung LW, Wang CJ. Electron-rich benzofulvenes as effective dipolarophiles in copper(i)-catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5460-5469. [PMID: 37234882 PMCID: PMC10207880 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00435j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of benzofulvenes without any electron-withdrawing substituents were employed as 2π-type dipolarophiles for the first time to participate in Cu(i)-catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (1,3-DC) reactions of azomethine ylides. An intrinsic non-benzenoid aromatic characteristic from benzofulvenes serves as a key driving force for activation of the electron-rich benzofulvenes. Utilizing the current methodology, a wide range of multi-substituted chiral spiro-pyrrolidine derivatives containing two contiguous all-carbon quaternary centers were formed in good yield with exclusive chemo-/regioselectivity and high to excellent stereoselectivity. Computational mechanistic studies elucidate the origin of the stereochemical outcome and the chemoselectivity, in which the thermostability of these cycloaddition products is the major factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chang
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 230021 China
| | - Xue-Tao Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 230021 China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Chun-Jiang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 230021 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sabater E, Solà M, Salvador P, Andrada DM. Cage-size effects on the encapsulation of P 2 by fullerenes. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:268-277. [PMID: 35546081 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The classic pnictogen dichotomy stands for the great contrast between triply bonding very stable N2 molecules and its heavier congeners, which appear as dimers or oligomers. A banner example involves phosphorus as it occurs in nature as P4 instead of P2 , given its weak π-bonds or strong σ-bonds. The P2 synthetic value has brought Lewis bases and metal coordination stabilization strategies. Herein, we discuss the unrealized encapsulation alternative using the well-known fullerenes' capability to form endohedral and stabilize otherwise unstable molecules. We chose the most stable fullerene structures from Cn (n = 50, 60, 70, 80) and experimentally relevant from Cn (n = 90 and 100) to computationally study the thermodynamics and the geometrical consequences of encapsulating P2 inside the fullerene cages. Given the size differences between P2 and P4 , we show that the fullerenes C70 -C100 are suitable cages to side exclude P4 and host only one molecule of P2 with an intact triple bond. The thermodynamic analysis indicates that the process is favorable, overcoming the dimerization energy. Additionally, we have evaluated the host-guest interaction to explain the origins of their stability using energy decomposition analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enric Sabater
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona
| | - Pedro Salvador
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona
| | - Diego M Andrada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sohail M, Bilal M, Maqbool T, Rasool N, Ammar M, Mahmood S, Malik A, Zubair M, Abbas Ashraf G. Iron-catalyzed synthesis of N-heterocycles via intermolecular and intramolecular cyclization reactions: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
6
|
Ghosh A, Banerjee S, Debnath T, Das AK. Dehydrogenation of ammonia-borane to functionalize neutral and Li +-encapsulated C 60, C 70 and C 36 fullerene cages: a DFT approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:4022-4041. [PMID: 35103266 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05770g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic investigations into the functionalization of three fullerene cages, viz. C60, C70, and C36 through dehydrogenation of ammonia-borane (AB) have been conducted using Density Functional Theory (DFT). In this process of functionalization, different ring fusions, namely (6-6), (6-5) positions for C60 and C70, and an additional (5-5) for C36 fullerene have been investigated. The optimized geometries of all the complexes and transition states have been characterized using the M06-2X functional in conjunction with the 6-31G(d) basis set. The effect of Li+-encapsulation on the energetics and activation barriers of H2 attachment has also been examined. Although the process of functionalization of neutral fullerenes proceeds extensively through concerted pathways, a step-wise route has been observed for the encapsulated systems. NPA charge analysis and Wiberg bond index (WBI) have been used in order to detect the change in the nature of participating hydrogen atoms and validate the variation in the bond order of the C-C connectivity respectively upon hydrogenation. GCRD parameters have also been calculated to explicate the electronic properties of the hydrogenated products. The (6-6) hydrogenation is observed to be favoured thermodynamically and kinetically for both neutral and Li+-encapsulated C60 and C70, while (5-5) is found to be the most preferred site for C36 systems. Our theoretical exploration suggests that the covalent functionalization of the fullerene cages can be done successfully viaAB resulting in the stabilization of these systems. In short, the present work will provide a general idea about the detailed mechanism related to the functionalization of fullerene cages, which will further motivate researchers in fullerene chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avik Ghosh
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Soumadip Banerjee
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Tanay Debnath
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Abhijit K Das
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
George G, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M. Reactivity of the superhalogen/superalkali ion encapsulating C 60 fullerenes. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:203-210. [PMID: 34881384 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03577k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction between 1,3-cyclohexadiene and a series of C60 fullerenes with encapsulated (super)alkali/(super)halogen species (Li+@C60, Li2F+@C60, Cl-@C60, and LiF2-@C60) was explored by means of DFT calculations. The reactivity of the ion encapsulating systems was compared to that of the parent C60 fullerene. Significant enhancement in reactivity was found for cation-encapsulating Li+/Li2F+@C60 complexes. The cycloadduct formed by LiF2-@C60 was found to be the most thermodynamically favorable among the studied ones. In contrast, encapsulation of Cl- anions disfavors the cycloaddition reaction both kinetically and thermodynamically. Higher activation energy barrier and less stability of the reaction product in the case of Cl-@C60 were associated with the higher deformation energies of the fullerene cage and the lower interaction energy between the reactants in comparison with the other studied complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gibu George
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Anton J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain. .,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hashikawa Y, Hasegawa S, Murata Y. Photochemical Orifice Expansion of a Cage-Opened C 60 Derivative. Org Lett 2021; 23:3854-3858. [PMID: 33847507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Upon light irradiation, a tetraketosulfoxide derivative of C60 was transformed into a diketosulfide carboxylic anhydride via intermolecular nucleophilic addition of the sulfoxide moiety. The thus-formed 18-membered ring enables a spontaneous insertion of an Ar atom. In this encapsulation/release process, the phenyl ring on the orifice works as a dynamic stopper, which potentially adopts three conformations: an open form reduces distortion energy at the transition state while semiopen and closed forms reduce the orifice size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Hashikawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shota Hasegawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hashikawa Y, Kizaki K, Murata Y. Pressure-induced annulative orifice closure of a cage-opened C 60 derivative. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5322-5325. [PMID: 33928322 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01662h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cage-opened C60 derivative was found to undergo an unusual annulative orifice-closure reaction under high-pressure conditions, in which the orifice size changed from a 16- to a 13-membered ring. The structure was different from that obtained by the reaction at 1 atm. The theoretical calculations suggested that the formation of the former one is thermodynamically favored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Hashikawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazuro Kizaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu C, Liu TX, Zhang P, Zhu X, Zhang G. Iron-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral Radical Cascade Reaction of [60]Fullerene with γ,δ-Unsaturated Oxime Esters: Preparation of Free (N-H) Pyrrolidino[2',3':1,2]fullerenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:7327-7332. [PMID: 32897079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein an unprecedented iron(II)-catalyzed redox-neutral radical cascade reaction of [60]fullerene with γ,δ-unsaturated oxime esters is reported for the preparation of novel free (N-H) pyrrolidino[2',3':1,2]fullerenes. The transformation undergoes an intramolecular cyclization/intermolecular cyclization/oxidation/hydrolysis cascade, and features simple operation, broad substrate scope/high functional group compatibility as well as suitable for scale-up synthesis, providing a facile and practical access to a range of free pyrrolidino[2',3':1,2]fullerenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Tong-Xin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Pengling Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yamada M, Liu MTH, Nagase S, Akasaka T. New Horizons in Chemical Functionalization of Endohedral Metallofullerenes. Molecules 2020; 25:E3626. [PMID: 32784953 PMCID: PMC7463479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This overview explains some new aspects of chemical functionalization of endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) that have been unveiled in recent years. After differences in chemical reactivity between EMFs and the corresponding empty fullerenes are discussed, cage-opening reactions of EMFs are examined. Then, the selective bisfunctionalization of EMFs is explained. Finally, single-bonding derivatization of EMFs is addressed. The diversity and applicability of the chemical functionalization of endohedral metallofullerenes are presented to readers worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - Michael T. H. Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A4P3, Canada;
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan;
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
- TARA Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0821, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Dye and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alipour M, Kargar K. Anionic behavior and single-molecule crystal in fullerene confinements: A contribution from DFT energy decomposition and cooperativity analyses. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:1912-1920. [PMID: 32506442 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The recently proposed systems of various anions (A) confined inside C60 , A- @ C60 , which in turn behave as large and stable anions, (A @ C60 )- , can find potential applications in various fields. On the other hand, it has earlier been shown that from the dihalogens (X2 ) encapsulated C60 , X2 @ C60 , only F2 @ C60 can be introduced as a system in which the cage acts as a cation C60 + and interacts with an endohedral anion, F2 - , forming the F2 - @ C60 + as a single-molecule crystal compound. In this work, two density functional theory energy decomposition analysis (EDA) schemes, where in one of them the noninteracting kinetic, electrostatic, and exchange-correlation energies come into play while another scheme, called as EDA-SBL, includes the steric, electrostatic, and quantum effects as essential ingredients (S. Liu, J. Chem. Phys. 2007, 126, 244103), are utilized to find out what energetic components govern the unique characteristics of the (A @ C60 )- and X2 @ C60 confinements. It is shown that the noninteracting kinetic energy and steric energies have important contributions to the total interaction energies for the considered systems. However, there are other confinements for which the electrostatic and exchange-correlation contributions play also imperative roles. Furthermore, we find reasonable correlations between interaction energies and their components as well as the energetic components themselves, leading to an alternative EDA scheme including the noninteracting kinetic, steric, and electrostatic energies for investigations on other endohedral fullerenes. Extending our analyses to large size confinements, Cl- @ Cn with n up to 90 as illustrative examples, the quantitative cooperativity concept is also explored, where the positive and negative cooperativity profiles unveil a specific size of the anionic confinements to form the most stable large anion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Alipour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kimia Kargar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Luo J, Ye S, Ustriyana P, Wei B, Chen J, Raee E, Hu Y, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Wesdemiotis C, Sahai N, Liu T. Unraveling Chiral Selection in the Self-assembly of Chiral Fullerene Macroions: Effects of Small Chiral Components Including Counterions, Co-ions, or Neutral Molecules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4702-4710. [PMID: 32293900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid-functionalized chiral fullerene (C60) molecules are used as models to understand chiral selection in macroionic solutions involving chiral macroions, chiral counterions, and/or chiral co-ions. With the addition of Zn2+ cations, the C60 macroions exhibit slow self-assembly behavior into hollow, spherical, blackberry-type structures, as confirmed by laser light scattering (LLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. Chiral counterions with high charge density show no selection to the chirality of AC60 macroions (LAC60 and DAC60) during their self-assembly process, while obvious chiral discrimination between the assemblies of LAC60 and DAC60 is observed when chiral counterions with low charge density are present. Compared with chiral counterions, chiral co-ions show weaker effects on chiral selection with larger amounts needed to trigger the chiral discrimination between LAC60 and DAC60. However, they can induce a higher degree of discrimination when abundant chiral co-ions are present in solution. Furthermore, the self-assembly of chiral AC60 macroions is fully suppressed by adding significant amounts of neutral molecules with opposite chirality. Thermodynamic parameters from isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) reveal that chiral selection is controlled by the ion pairing and the destruction of solvent shells between ions, and meanwhile originates from the delicate balance between electrostatic interaction and molecular chirality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Luo
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Songtao Ye
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Putu Ustriyana
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Benqian Wei
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Ehsan Raee
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Yinghe Hu
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Nita Sahai
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Tianbo Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Niu C, Chen XP, Yin ZC, Wang GW. Multicomponent Synthesis of 2-Arylvinyl-Substituted Fulleropyrrolidines from [60]Fullerene, Amines and Aldehydes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Niu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; 230026 Hefei Anhui P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; 230026 Hefei Anhui P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Chun Yin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; 230026 Hefei Anhui P. R. China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; 230026 Hefei Anhui P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; 730000 Lanzhou Gansu P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fernández-García JM, Evans PJ, Filippone S, Herranz MÁ, Martín N. Chiral Molecular Carbon Nanostructures. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:1565-1574. [PMID: 31181912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a fascinating property present in naturally occurring and artificial molecules and materials, observable as chiroptical behavior. The emerging area of carbon nanostructures has undergone tremendous development, with a wide variety of carbon nanoforms reported over the last two decades. However, despite interest in merging chirality and nanocarbons, this has been successfully achieved only in empty fullerenes, whereas in other kinds of fullerenes or carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), to name the most popular systems, it is almost unknown. Therefore, controlling chirality in carbon nanostructures currently represents a major challenge for the chemical community. In this Account, we show our progress in the synthesis of chiral molecular carbon nanostructures, namely, metallofullerenes, endohedral fullerenes, GQDs, and curved molecular nanographenes, by using asymmetric catalysis and both top-down and bottom-up chemical approaches. Furthermore, we bring in a new family of lesser-known molecular chiral bilayer nanographenes, where chirality is introduced from the starting helicene moiety and a single enantiomer of the nanographene is synthesized. Some important landmarks in the development of chiral molecular carbon nanostructures shown in this Account are the application of synthesis-tailored, enantiomerically pure metallofullerenes as catalysts for hydrogen transfer reactions and the use of endohedral fullerenes to determine the effect of the incarcerated molecule in the carbon cage on the cis-trans stereoisomerization of optically active pendent moieties. Furthermore, the first top-down synthesis of chiral GQDs by functionalization with chiral alcohols is also presented. An emerging alternative to GQDs, when the desire for purity and atomistic control outweighs the cost of multistep synthesis, is the bottom-up approach, in which molecular nanographenes are formed in precise sizes and shapes and enantiomeric control is feasible. In this regard, a singular and amazing example is given by our synthesis of a single enantiomer of the first chiral bilayer nanographene, which formally represents a new family of molecular nanographenes with chirality controlled and maintained throughout their syntheses. The aforementioned synthetic chiral nanostructures represent groundbreaking nanocarbon systems where chirality is a further dimension of structural control, paving the way to a new scenario for carbon nanoforms in which chirality selection determines the properties of these novel carbon-based materials. Fine-tuning of such properties is envisioned to impact biomedical and materials science applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M. Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul J. Evans
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvatore Filippone
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Herranz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bloodworth S, Sitinova G, Alom S, Vidal S, Bacanu GR, Elliott SJ, Light ME, Herniman JM, Langley GJ, Levitt MH, Whitby RJ. First Synthesis and Characterization of CH 4 @C 60. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5038-5043. [PMID: 30773760 PMCID: PMC6492075 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The endohedral fullerene CH4 @C60 , in which each C60 fullerene cage encapsulates a single methane molecule, has been synthesized for the first time. Methane is the first organic molecule, as well as the largest, to have been encapsulated in C60 to date. The key orifice contraction step, a photochemical desulfinylation of an open fullerene, was completed, even though it is inhibited by the endohedral molecule. The crystal structure of the nickel(II) octaethylporphyrin/ benzene solvate shows no significant distortion of the carbon cage, relative to the C60 analogue, and shows the methane hydrogens as a shell of electron density around the central carbon, indicative of the quantum nature of the methane. The 1 H spin-lattice relaxation times (T1 ) for endohedral methane are similar to those observed in the gas phase, indicating that methane is freely rotating inside the C60 cage. The synthesis of CH4 @C60 opens a route to endofullerenes incorporating large guest molecules and atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Bloodworth
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Gabriela Sitinova
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Shamim Alom
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Sara Vidal
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - George R. Bacanu
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Stuart J. Elliott
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
- Current address: Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts ChampsFRE 2034 Université de LyonCNRSUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1ENS de Lyon5 Rue de la Doua69100VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Mark E. Light
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Julie M. Herniman
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - G. John Langley
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Malcolm H. Levitt
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Richard J. Whitby
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bloodworth S, Sitinova G, Alom S, Vidal S, Bacanu GR, Elliott SJ, Light ME, Herniman JM, Langley GJ, Levitt MH, Whitby RJ. First Synthesis and Characterization of CH
4
@C
60. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Bloodworth
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Gabriela Sitinova
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Shamim Alom
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Sara Vidal
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - George R. Bacanu
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Stuart J. Elliott
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
- Current address: Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts ChampsFRE 2034 Université de LyonCNRSUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1ENS de Lyon 5 Rue de la Doua 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Mark E. Light
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Julie M. Herniman
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - G. John Langley
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Malcolm H. Levitt
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Richard J. Whitby
- Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bennia S, Milad R, Messaoudi S, de Person M, Moussa F, Abderrabba M, Merlet D. Density Functional Theory based study on structural, vibrational and NMR properties of cis - trans fulleropyrrolidine mono-adducts. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207635. [PMID: 30452478 PMCID: PMC6242360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the early nineties, countless publications have been devoted to the study of possible uses of [60] fullerene (C60) and its derivatives in the fields of materials and nano-biomedical sciences. However, in spite of the importance of conformers notably from the pharmacological point of view, the cis/trans isomerization of C60 mono-adducts has been rarely seldom investigated. Here we present the results of DFT calculations of the structural, vibrational and NMR properties of both cis and trans isomers of fulleropyrrolidine mono-adduct obtained by photo-addition of glycine methyl ester to C60. Taken together, our results have shown that the cis isomer is more stable than the trans one. For the cis conformation, the simulated vibrational spectrum shows a more intense peak at 1298 cm-1. While 13C spectra revealed no significant differences between the two isomers as compared to experimental results, the calculated 1H chemical shifts show a significant difference between the two conformers in both the gas phase and in solution. The trans isomer presents a proton at 5.86 ppm, which is more deshielded than the proton of the cis conformer (5.24 ppm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seif Bennia
- Laboratoire Matériaux Molécules et Applications, IPEST, Université de Carthage, Route Sidi Bou Said, La Marsa, Tunisie
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisie
- Equipe RMN en Milieux Orienté (ERMN) ICMMO—UMR 8182—Bât, Université Paris-Sud Université Paris) France
| | - Rim Milad
- Laboratoire Matériaux Molécules et Applications, IPEST, Université de Carthage, Route Sidi Bou Said, La Marsa, Tunisie
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisie
| | - Sabri Messaoudi
- Laboratoire Matériaux Molécules et Applications, IPEST, Université de Carthage, Route Sidi Bou Said, La Marsa, Tunisie
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisie
| | - Marine de Person
- LETIAM, Lip(Sys) EA, Université Paris Sud Université Paris Saclay, IUT d’Orsay Plateau de Moulon, Orsay, France
| | - Fathi Moussa
- LETIAM, Lip(Sys) EA, Université Paris Sud Université Paris Saclay, IUT d’Orsay Plateau de Moulon, Orsay, France
| | - Manef Abderrabba
- Laboratoire Matériaux Molécules et Applications, IPEST, Université de Carthage, Route Sidi Bou Said, La Marsa, Tunisie
| | - Denis Merlet
- Equipe RMN en Milieux Orienté (ERMN) ICMMO—UMR 8182—Bât, Université Paris-Sud Université Paris) France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhu GZ, Liu Y, Hashikawa Y, Zhang QF, Murata Y, Wang LS. Probing the interaction between the encapsulated water molecule and the fullerene cages in H 2O@C 60- and H 2O@C 59N . Chem Sci 2018; 9:5666-5671. [PMID: 30062000 PMCID: PMC6050629 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01031e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a high-resolution photoelectron imaging study of cryogenically-cooled H2O@C60- and H2O@C59N- endohedral fullerene anions. The electron affinity (EA) of H2O@C60 is measured to be 2.6923 ± 0.0008 eV, which is 0.0088 eV higher than the EA of C60, while the EA of H2O@C59N is measured to be 3.0058 eV ± 0.0007 eV, which is 0.0092 eV lower than the EA of C59N. The opposite shifts are found to be due to the different electrostatic interactions between the encapsulated water molecule and the fullerene cages in the two systems. There is a net coulombic attraction between the guest and host in H2O@C60-, but a repulsive interaction in H2O@C59N-. We have also observed low-frequency features in the photoelectron spectra tentatively attributed to the hindered rotational excitations of the encapsulated H2O molecule, providing further insights into the guest-host interactions in H2O@C60- and H2O@C59N-.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Zhu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , USA .
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , USA .
| | - Yoshifumi Hashikawa
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Qian-Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , USA .
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Expeditious Preparation of Open-Cage Fullerenes by Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Diynes and C60
: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2018; 24:10653-10661. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
21
|
Vidal S, Izquierdo M, Alom S, Garcia-Borràs M, Filippone S, Osuna S, Solà M, Whitby RJ, Martín N. Effect of incarcerated HF on the exohedral chemical reactivity of HF@C 60. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:10993-10996. [PMID: 28835947 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05987f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The first chemical modification on the brand new endohedral HF@C60 is reported. In particular, the isomerization from optically pure (2S,5S)-cis-pyrrolidino[3,4:1,2][60]fullerene 2b to (2S,5R)-trans-pyrrolidino[3,4:1,2][60]fullerene 2b has been studied and compared with empty C60 (2a) and endohedral H2O@C60 (3). The comparative study shows a kinetic order for the isomerization process of H2O@C60 > HF@C60 > C60, thus confirming the effect of the incarcerated species on the zwitterionic intermediate stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vidal
- Dep. Química Orgánica I, UCM, Avda. Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jaroš A, Badri Z, Bora PL, Bonab EF, Marek R, Straka M, Foroutan-Nejad C. How Does a Container Affect Acidity of its Content: Charge-Depletion Bonding Inside Fullerenes. Chemistry 2018; 24:4245-4249. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jaroš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, of the; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2. 16610 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zahra Badri
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5/A4 62500 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Pankaj Lochan Bora
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5/A4 62500 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; 62500 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Esmaeil Farajpour Bonab
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5/A4 62500 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; 62500 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Radek Marek
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5/A4 62500 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; 62500 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Michal Straka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, of the; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2. 16610 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5/A4 62500 Brno Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cui CX, Zhang ZP, Zhu L, Qu LB, Zhang YP, Lan Y. Reactivity and regioselectivity in Diels-Alder reactions of anion encapsulated fullerenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:30393-30401. [PMID: 29119190 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06365b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation and surface chemical modification are methodologies to enhance the properties of fullerenes for various applications. Herein, density functional theory calculations are performed to study the Diels-Alder (DA) reactivity of anion encapsulated C60, including [X@C60]- (X = F, Cl, Br, or I), [S@C60]2-, and [N@C60]3-. Computational results reveal that encapsulated Cl-, Br-, I-, or S2- anions are located close to the center of the C60 molecule; however, encapsulated F- is displaced from the center. Encapsulated N3- bonds to the inner surface of the carbon cage, which leads to a negative charge transfer to the C60. In [N@C60]3-, C-C bonds near to the encapsulated N atom are more reactive. Our calculations reveal that encapsulated halogen or S anions decrease the DA reactivity because of the stronger closed-shell repulsion of the encapsulated anion. However, encapsulated N3- increases the DA reactivity. The higher distortion energy of the halogen- or S2--anion encapsulated C60 leads to lower reactivity of the 6-5 bond. Opposite regioselectivity of the DA reaction with [N@C60]3- is attributed to distortion energy of the cyclopentadiene (CPD) moiety. The asymmetrical transition state geometry leads to a lower distortion energy of the CPD moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xing Cui
- Postdoctoral Research Base, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Junghans K, Rosenkranz M, Popov AA. Sc3CH@C80: selective (13)C enrichment of the central carbon atom. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 52:6561-4. [PMID: 27109443 PMCID: PMC4902131 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc10025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sc3CH@C80 is synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C, and 45Sc NMR. A large negative chemical shift of the proton, −11.73 ppm in the Ih and −8.79 ppm in the D5h C80 cage isomers, is found. 13C satellites in the 1H NMR spectrum enabled indirect determination of the 13C chemical shift for the central carbon at 173 ± 1 ppm. Intensity of the satellites allowed determination of the 13C content for the central carbon atom. This unique possibility is applied to analyze the cluster/cage 13C distribution in mechanistic studies employing either 13CH4 or 13C powder to enrich Sc3CH@C80 with 13C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Junghans
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hashikawa Y, Murata Y. Facile Access to Azafullerenyl Cation C59N+ and Specific Interaction with Entrapped Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:18468-18471. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Hashikawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
García-Rodeja Y, Solà M, Bickelhaupt FM, Fernández I. Understanding the Reactivity of Ion-Encapsulated Fullerenes. Chemistry 2017; 23:11030-11036. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yago García-Rodeja
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona; C/ Maria Aurèlia Campany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM); Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM); Radboud University; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hashikawa Y, Murata M, Wakamiya A, Murata Y. Orientation of a Water Molecule: Effects on Electronic Nature of the C 59N Cage. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4465-4469. [PMID: 28383266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A hydrogen-bonding network is a key impelling force for an assembly in bulk water. The fullerene cage can incarcerate a water molecule without hydrogen-bonding. Herein, we focused on spin system H2O@C59N·. The 1H NMR relaxation time of entrapped H2O was significantly reduced by the paramagnetic effect. Interestingly, the electron affinity and ionization energy were suggested to vary depending on the orientation of entrapped H2O owing to the degree of the partial charge transfer from entrapped H2O to C59N·.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Hashikawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Michihisa Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Stasyuk AJ, Solà M. Does the endohedral borospherene supersalt FLi2@B39maintain the “super” properties of its subunits? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:21276-21281. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02550e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of the entirely unique system represented by superalkaline species incorporated into a superhalogen cage has been studied using density functional theory. The calculations revealed that superhalogen and superalkaline properties inherent in the separated fragments are lost in FLi2@B39complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| | - M. Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kuznetsov VV. The effect of chemical composition of the fullerene on the conformational preference of the encapsulated hexafluoroethane molecule. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363216050212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
30
|
Hashikawa Y, Murata M, Wakamiya A, Murata Y. Synthesis and Properties of Endohedral Aza[60]fullerenes: H2O@C59N and H2@C59N as Their Dimers and Monomers. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4096-104. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Hashikawa
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Michihisa Murata
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
García-Rodeja Y, Solà M, Bickelhaupt FM, Fernández I. Reactivity and Selectivity of Bowl-Shaped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Relationship to C60. Chemistry 2015; 22:1368-78. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yago García-Rodeja
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Universidad Complutense; 28040 Madrid Spain), Fax: (+34)913944310
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi; 17071 Girona Spain
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam; Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM); VU University; De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM); Radboud University Nijmegen; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Universidad Complutense; 28040 Madrid Spain), Fax: (+34)913944310
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Martínez JP, Solà M, Poater A. On the Reaction Mechanism of the Rhodium-Catalyzed Arylation of Fullerene (C60) with Organoboron Compounds in the Presence of Water. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:774-8. [PMID: 27308203 PMCID: PMC4906499 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to study the reaction mechanism of the Suzuki-Miyaura rhodium-catalyzed hydroarylation of fullerene (C60) by phenylboronic acid in the presence of water. As found experimentally, our results confirm that addition of the phenyl group and the hydrogen atom in C60 occurs at the [6,6] bond. The rate-determining step corresponds to the simultaneous transfer of a hydrogen atom from a water molecule to C60 and the recovery of the active species. The use of 2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane and the 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-phenyl-1,3,2,-dioxaborolane instead of phenylboronic acid as organoborate agents does not lead to great modifications of the energy profile. The possible higher steric hindrance of 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-phenyl-1,3,2,-dioxaborolane should not inhibit its use in the hydroarylation of C60. Overall, we show how organoboron species arylate C60 in rhodium-based catalysis assisted by water as a source of protons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Martínez
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaCampus Montilivi17071GironaCataloniaSpain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaCampus Montilivi17071GironaCataloniaSpain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaCampus Montilivi17071GironaCataloniaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cerón MR, Izquierdo M, Garcia-Borràs M, Lee SS, Stevenson S, Osuna S, Echegoyen L. Bis-1,3-dipolar Cycloadditions on Endohedral Fullerenes M3N@Ih-C80 (M = Sc, Lu): Remarkable Endohedral-Cluster Regiochemical Control. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11775-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maira R. Cerón
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University
Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Marta Izquierdo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University
Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Marc Garcia-Borràs
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Facultat de Ciències, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Sarah S. Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University
Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Steven Stevenson
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana-Purdue University at Fort Wayne, 2101 East
Coliseum Boulevard, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Sílvia Osuna
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Facultat de Ciències, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University
Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xu L, Ren H, Liang S, Sun J, Liu Y, Gan L. Release of the Water Molecule Encapsulated Inside an Open-Cage Fullerene through Hydrogen Bonding Mediated by Hydrogen Fluoride. Chemistry 2015; 21:13539-43. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
35
|
Yang T, Nagase S, Akasaka T, Poblet JM, Houk KN, Ehara M, Zhao X. (2 + 2) Cycloaddition of Benzyne to Endohedral Metallofullerenes M3N@C80 (M = Sc, Y): A Rotating-Intermediate Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6820-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - Josep M. Poblet
- Department
de Química Físicai Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| |
Collapse
|