1
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Gong XT, Zhuang J, Chong KC, Xu Q, Ling X, Cao L, Wu M, Yang J, Liu B. Far-Red Aggregation-Induced Emission Hydrogel-Reinforced Tissue Clearing for 3D Vasculature Imaging of Whole Lung and Whole Tumor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402853. [PMID: 39003614 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the vascular formation and distribution in metastatic lung tumors is a significant challenge due to autofluorescence, antibody/dye diffusion in dense tumor, and fluorophore stability when exposed to solvent-based clearing agents. Here, an approach is presented that redefines 3D vasculature imaging within metastatic tumor, peritumoral lung tissue, and normal lung. Specifically, a far-red aggregation-induced emission nanoparticle with surface amino groups (termed as TSCN nanoparticle, TSCNNP) is designed for in situ formation of hydrogel (TSCNNP@Gel) inside vasculatures to provide structural support and enhance the fluorescence in solvent-based tissue clearing method. Using this TSCNNP@Gel-reinforced tissue clearing imaging approach, the critical challenges are successfully overcome and comprehensive visualization of the whole pulmonary vasculature up to 2 µm resolution is enabled, including its detailed examination in metastatic tumors. Importantly, features of tumor-associated vasculature in 3D panoramic views are unveiled, providing the potential to determine tumor stages, predict tumor progression, and facilitate the histopathological diagnosis of various tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Gong
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Jiahao Zhuang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Kok Chan Chong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Qun Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xia Ling
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Lei Cao
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Min Wu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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2
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Stasyuk OA, Voityuk AA, Stasyuk AJ. Facilitating Electron Transfer by Resizing Cyclocarbon Acceptor from C 18 to C 16. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400215. [PMID: 38530218 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in synthetic methods, combined with tip-induced on-surface chemistry, have enabled the formation of numerous cyclocarbon molecules. Here, we investigate computationally the experimentally studied C16 and C18 molecules as well as their van der Waals (vdW) complexes with several typical donor and acceptor molecules. Our results demonstrate a remarkable electron-withdrawing ability of cyclocarbon molecules. The vdW complexes of C16 and C18 exhibit a thermodynamically favorable photoinduced electron transfer (ET) from the donor partner to the cyclocarbons that occurs on a picosecond time scale. The lower reorganization energy of C16 compared to C18 leads to a significant acceleration of the ET reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia, Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A A Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia, Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia, Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
- Departament de Farmàcia, i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Ivanov EN, Almeida-Marrero V, Koifman OI, Aleksandriiskii VV, Torres T, Islyaikin MK. Synthesis and Characterization of Bulky Substituted Hemihexaphyrazines Bearing 2,6-Diisopropylphenoxy Groups. Molecules 2023; 28:5740. [PMID: 37570710 PMCID: PMC10421089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
New substituted [30]trithiadodecaazahexaphyrines (hemihexaphyrazines) were synthesized by a crossover condensation of 2,5-diamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole with 4-chloro-5-(2,6-diisopropylphenoxy)- or 4,5-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenoxy)phthalonitriles. The compounds were characterized by 1H-, 13C-NMR, including COSY, HMBC, and HSQC spectroscopy, MALDI TOF spectrometry, elemental analysis, IR and UV-Vis absorbance and fluorescence techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii N. Ivanov
- IRLoN, Research Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 7, Sheremetievskiy Ave., 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (E.N.I.); (O.I.K.); (V.V.A.)
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya Str., 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Verónica Almeida-Marrero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Autonoma University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Oskar I. Koifman
- IRLoN, Research Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 7, Sheremetievskiy Ave., 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (E.N.I.); (O.I.K.); (V.V.A.)
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya Str., 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Viktor V. Aleksandriiskii
- IRLoN, Research Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 7, Sheremetievskiy Ave., 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (E.N.I.); (O.I.K.); (V.V.A.)
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya Str., 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Tomas Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Autonoma University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Autonoma University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)—Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikhail K. Islyaikin
- IRLoN, Research Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 7, Sheremetievskiy Ave., 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (E.N.I.); (O.I.K.); (V.V.A.)
- G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya Str., 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
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Ruidas S, Chowdhury A, Ghosh A, Ghosh A, Mondal S, Wonanke ADD, Addicoat M, Das AK, Modak A, Bhaumik A. Covalent Organic Framework as a Metal-Free Photocatalyst for Dye Degradation and Radioactive Iodine Adsorption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:4071-4081. [PMID: 36905363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Exploring a covalent organic framework (COF) material as an efficient metal-free photocatalyst and as an adsorbent for the removal of pollutants from contaminated water is very challenging in the context of sustainable chemistry. Herein, we report a new porous crystalline COF, C6-TRZ-TPA COF, via segregation of donor-acceptor moieties through the extended Schiff base condensation between tris(4-formylphenyl)amine and 4,4',4″-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)trianiline. This COF displayed a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 1058 m2 g-1 with a pore volume of 0.73 cc g-1. Again, extended π-conjugation, the presence of heteroatoms throughout the framework, and a narrow band gap of 2.2 eV, all these features collectively work for the environmental remediation in two different perspectives: it could harness solar energy for environmental clean-up, where the COF has been explored as a robust metal-free photocatalyst for wastewater treatment and as an adsorbent for iodine capture. In our endeavor of wastewater treatment, we have conducted the photodegradation of rose bengal (RB) and methylene blue (MB) as model pollutants since these are extremely toxic, are health hazard, and bioaccumulative in nature. The catalyst C6-TRZ-TPA COF showed a very high catalytic efficiency of 99% towards the degradation of 250 parts per million (ppm) of RB solution in 80 min under visible light irradiation with the rate constant of 0.05 min-1. Further, C6-TRZ-TPA COF is found to be an excellent adsorbent as it efficiently adsorbed radioactive iodine from its solution as well as from the vapor phase. The material exhibits a very rapid iodine capturing tendency with an outstanding iodine vapor uptake capacity of 4832 mg g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santu Ruidas
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Avik Chowdhury
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Anirban Ghosh
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Avik Ghosh
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sujan Mondal
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - A D Dinga Wonanke
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, U.K
| | - Matthew Addicoat
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, U.K
| | - Abhijit Kumar Das
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arindam Modak
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Amity Rd, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Asim Bhaumik
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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5
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Pykhova AD, Semivrazhskaya OO, Samoylova NA, Popov AA, Ioffe IN, Goryunkov AA. Regioselective CF 2 functionalization of Sc 3N@ D3h(5)-C 78. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1182-1190. [PMID: 34951436 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04031f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first synthesis and computational study of Sc3N@C78(CF2) - an analog of the previously reported Sc3N@C80(CF2) with a less common carbon cage whose chemical properties presently remain far less studied. Sc3N@C78 appears to be considerably more reactive toward CF2 addition than Sc3N@C80 and somewhat more reactive than C60. Even though the less symmetric D3h(5)-C78 carbon cage offers far broader opportunities for isomerism than Ih-C80, CF2 addition to Sc3N@C78 proceeds regioselectively, similarly to other common fullerene reactions. A DFT survey of the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of CF2 addition demonstrates that the regioselectivity is controlled kinetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia D Pykhova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Olesya O Semivrazhskaya
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nataliya A Samoylova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ilya N Ioffe
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey A Goryunkov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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6
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Hu Y, Yao YR, Liu X, Yu A, Xie X, Abella L, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Poblet JM, Akasaka T, Peng P, Zhang Q, Xie SY, Li FF, Lu X. Unexpected formation of 1,2- and 1,4-bismethoxyl Sc 3N@ I h-C 80 derivatives via regioselective anion addition: an unambiguous structural identification and mechanism study. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8123-8130. [PMID: 34194702 PMCID: PMC8208303 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An attempt to achieve heterocyclic cycloadducts of Sc3N@I h-C80 via reaction with Ph2C[double bond, length as m-dash]O, PhC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh or PhC[triple bond, length as m-dash]N in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) stored in CH3OH led to the formation of the unexpected bismethoxyl adducts of Sc3N@I h-C80 (1 and 2). Further studies reveal that TBAOH in CH3OH can boost the CH3O- addition efficiently, regardless of the presence of other reagents. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction results firmly assign the molecular structures of 1 and 2 as respective 1,4- and 1,2-bismethoxyl adducts, and reveal unusual relationships between the internal Sc3N cluster and the addition modes, in addition to the unusual packing mode in view of the orientation of the methoxyl groups. Electrochemical results demonstrate smaller electrochemical gaps for 1 and 2, relative to that of Sc3N@I h-C80, confirming their better electroactive properties. Finally, a plausible reaction mechanism involving anion addition and a radical reaction was proposed, presenting new insights into the highly selective reactions between the methoxyl anion and metallofullerenes. 1 and 2 represent the first examples of methoxyl derivatives of metallofullerenes. This work not only presents a novel and facile strategy for the controllable synthesis of alkoxylated metallofullerene derivatives, but also provides new non-cycloadducts for the potential applications of EMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xuechen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Ao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Laura Abella
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Marcel·lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Marcel·lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Josep M Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Marcel·lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Ping Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Fang-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
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7
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Zalibera M, Ziegs F, Schiemenz S, Dubrovin V, Lubitz W, Savitsky A, Deng SHM, Wang XB, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Metallofullerene photoswitches driven by photoinduced fullerene-to-metal electron transfer. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7818-7838. [PMID: 34168836 PMCID: PMC8188499 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc07045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the discovery and detailed exploration of the unconventional photo-switching mechanism in metallofullerenes, in which the energy of the photon absorbed by the carbon cage π-system is transformed to mechanical motion of the endohedral cluster accompanied by accumulation of spin density on the metal atoms. Comprehensive photophysical and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies augmented by theoretical modelling are performed to address the phenomenon of the light-induced photo-switching and triplet state spin dynamics in a series of Y x Sc3-x N@C80 (x = 0-3) nitride clusterfullerenes. Variable temperature and time-resolved photoluminescence studies revealed a strong dependence of their photophysical properties on the number of Sc atoms in the cluster. All molecules in the series exhibit temperature-dependent luminescence assigned to the near-infrared thermally-activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and phosphorescence. The emission wavelengths and Stokes shift increase systematically with the number of Sc atoms in the endohedral cluster, whereas the triplet state lifetime and S1-T1 gap decrease in this row. For Sc3N@C80, we also applied photoelectron spectroscopy to obtain the triplet state energy as well as the electron affinity. Spin distribution and dynamics in the triplet states are then studied by light-induced pulsed EPR and ENDOR spectroscopies. The spin-lattice relaxation times and triplet state lifetimes are determined from the temporal evolution of the electron spin echo after the laser pulse. Well resolved ENDOR spectra of triplets with a rich structure caused by the hyperfine and quadrupolar interactions with 14N, 45Sc, and 89Y nuclear spins are obtained. The systematic increase of the metal contribution to the triplet spin density from Y3N to Sc3N found in the ENDOR study points to a substantial fullerene-to-metal charge transfer in the excited state. These experimental results are rationalized with the help of ground-state and time-dependent DFT calculations, which revealed a substantial variation of the endohedral cluster position in the photoexcited states driven by the predisposition of Sc atoms to maximize their spin population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Zalibera
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Radlinského 9 81237 Bratislava Slovakia .,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Mülheim (Ruhr) Germany
| | - Frank Ziegs
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Sandra Schiemenz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lubitz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Mülheim (Ruhr) Germany
| | - Anton Savitsky
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Mülheim (Ruhr) Germany.,Faculty of Physics, Technical University Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Shihu H M Deng
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 USA
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 USA
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
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8
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Bottari G, de la Torre G, Guldi DM, Torres T. An exciting twenty-year journey exploring porphyrinoid-based photo- and electro-active systems. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Chen XR, Zhang QW, Tao GG, Xuan J, Zhou HP, Tian YP, Li F. One-pot, three-component regioselective coupling reaction of triphenylamine/carbazole derivatives with [60]fullerene and indoles via an “umpolung relay” strategy. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01058a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An “umpolung relay” three-component regioselective coupling reaction of triphenylamine/carbazole derivatives with C60 and indoles was developed, which features high regioselectivity, broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Rui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University; Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Qian-Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University; Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Ge-Ge Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University; Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University; Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Hong-Ping Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University; Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yu-Peng Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University; Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University; Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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10
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Zhang C, Bao H, Chen X, Liu X, Xu S. Arylamine organic dye-functionalized g-C 3N 4 formed through cycloaddition reactions and its application in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01398j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The arylamine organic dye grafted g-C3N4 by covalent azomethine ylide bonds via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is successfully prepared, which is the as-obtained g-C3N4/TPA-CNCHO photocatalyst with much enhanced photocatalytic activity for H2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Hailian Bao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaodi Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Xingliang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Shiai Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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11
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Chai Y, Liu X, Wu B, Liu L, Wang Z, Weng Y, Wang C. In Situ Switching of Photoinduced Electron Transfer Direction by Regulating the Redox State in Fullerene-Based Dyads. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4411-4418. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Chai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuxiang Weng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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12
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Zhang C, Liu J, Liu X, Xu S. D–π–A-type triphenylamine dye covalent-functionalized g-C3N4 for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00013b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction mechanism for the higher photocatalytic performance of H2 production of g-C3N4NSs/TC1 under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 400 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Qinghai University
- Xining 810016
- China
| | - Jiandong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Qinghai University
- Xining 810016
- China
| | - Xingliang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Qinghai University
- Xining 810016
- China
| | - Shiai Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Qinghai University
- Xining 810016
- China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
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13
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Caballero R, Servián LD, Gobeze HB, Fernandez-Delgado O, Echegoyen L, D'Souza F, Langa F. Sc 3N@ Ih-C 80 based donor–acceptor conjugate: role of thiophene spacer in promoting ultrafast excited state charge separation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19861-19866. [PMID: 35520425 PMCID: PMC9054176 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04379f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoinduced charge separation and dark charge recombination occurring within picoseconds is observed in newly synthesized triphenylamine–thiophene-Sc3N@Ih-C80 and triphenylamine–thiophene-C60 conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Caballero
- Instituto de Nanociencia Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL)
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- 45071 Toledo
- Spain
| | - Luis David Servián
- Instituto de Nanociencia Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL)
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- 45071 Toledo
- Spain
| | | | | | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas at El Paso
- El Paso
- USA
| | | | - Fernando Langa
- Instituto de Nanociencia Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL)
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- 45071 Toledo
- Spain
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14
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Jin P, Li Y, Magagula S, Chen Z. Exohedral functionalization of endohedral metallofullerenes: Interplay between inside and outside. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Liu X, Chai Y, Wu B, Liu L, Wang C. A novel empirical method for quickly estimating the charge-transfer state of fullerene-donor derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24291-24295. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05257g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new convenient equivalent conjugated electron number technique is put forward to predict the charge-transfer state in fullerene-donor derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Yongqiang Chai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Bo Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Liping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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16
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Amerikheirabadi F, Diaz C, Mohan N, Zope RR, Baruah T. A DFT analysis of the ground and charge-transfer excited states of Sc 3N@I h-C 80 fullerene coupled with metal-free and zinc-phthalocyanine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:25841-25848. [PMID: 30288541 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03849j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes and phthalocyanine derivatives are recognized as excellent active materials in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The tri-metallic nitride endohedral C80 fullerenes have greater absorption coefficients in the visible region and electron-accepting abilities similar to C60, which can allow for higher efficiencies in OPV devices. In this work, we have investigated the ground and charge transfer excited states of two co-facial donor-acceptor (D-A) molecular conjugates formed by the non-covalent coupling of trimetallic nitride endohedral fullerene (Sc3N@Ih-C80) with metal-free (H2Pc) and zinc-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) chromophores using DFT calculations. The charge transfer (CT) excitation energies are calculated using the perturbative delta-SCF method that enforces orthogonality between the ground and excited states. The binding energies calculated using the PBE and DFT-D3 methods indicate that the dispersion effects play an important role in the stabilization of these complexes. The ground state dipole moment of the Sc3N@C80-H2Pc dyad is much larger than that of Sc3N@C80-ZnPc, but this is reversed in the excited state where the dipole moment of Sc3N@C80-ZnPc increases significantly. The lowest few excitation energies in the gas phase for the two complexes are very close, in the range of 1.51-2.66 eV for Sc3N@C80-ZnPc and 1.51-2.71 eV for the Sc3N@C80-H2Pc complex. However, the lower ionization potential and lower exciton binding energy make the Sc3N@C80-ZnPc dyad a better candidate for OPVs as compared to the Sc3N@C80-H2Pc dyad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Amerikheirabadi
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA.
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17
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Luo Y, Wächtler M, Barthelmes K, Winter A, Schubert US, Dietzek B. Coexistence of distinct intramolecular electron transfer pathways in polyoxometalate based molecular triads. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11740-11748. [PMID: 29651486 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyoxometalate (POM)-associated charge-separated states, formed by the photoinduced oxidation of a covalently attached photosensitizer and reduction of the POM, have attracted much attention due to the remarkable catalytic properties of the reduced POMs. However, short lifetimes of the POM-associated charge-separated state, which in some cases lead to the backward electron transfer being more rapid than the formation of the charge-separated state itself, are generally observed. Recently, we reported on the first example of a relative long-lived (τ = 470 ns) charge-separated state in a Ru(ii) bis(terpyridine)-POM molecular dyad. In this manuscript, further studies on extended molecular structures - two molecular triads - which contain an additional electron donor, phenothiazine (PTZ) or π-extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF), are discussed. We show that the excitation of the photosensitizer leads to the population of two distinct MLCT states, which differ in the distribution of excess electron density on the two distinct tpy ligands. These two MLCT states decay separately and, thus, constitute the starting points for distinct intramolecular electron-transfer pathways leading to the simultaneous population of two partially charge-separated states, i.e. PTZ˙+-Ru(tpy)2˙--POM and PTZ-RuIII(tpy)2-POM˙-. These independent decay pathways are unaffected by the choice of the electron donor. Thus, the initial charge distribution within the coordination environment of the photocenter determines the nature of the subsequent (partially) charge separated state that is formed in the triads. These results might open new avenues to design molecular interfaces, in which the directionality of electron transfer can be tuned by the choice of initial excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusen Luo
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
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18
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Yang S, Wei T, Jin F. When metal clusters meet carbon cages: endohedral clusterfullerenes. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:5005-5058. [PMID: 28681052 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00498a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fullerenes have the characteristic of a hollow interior, and this unique feature triggers intuitive inspiration to entrap atoms, ions or clusters inside the carbon cage in the form of endohedral fullerenes. In particular, upon entrapping an otherwise unstable metal cluster into a carbon cage, the so-called endohedral clusterfullerenes fulfil the mutual stabilization of the inner metal cluster and the outer fullerene cage with a specific isomeric structure which is often unstable as an empty fullerene. A variety of metal clusters have been reported to form endohedral clusterfullerenes, including metal nitrides, carbides, oxides, sulfides, cyanides and so on, making endohedral clusterfullerenes the most variable and intriguing branch of endohedral fullerenes. In this review article, we present an exhaustive review on all types of endohedral clusterfullerenes reported to date, including their discoveries, syntheses, separations, molecular structures and properties as well as their potential applications in versatile fields such as biomedicine, energy conversion, and so on. At the end, we present an outlook on the prospect of endohedral clusterfullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China.
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19
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Li QZ, Zheng JJ, He L, Nagase S, Zhao X. La–La bonded dimetallofullerenes [La2@C2n]−: species for stabilizing C2n (2n = 92–96) besides La2C2@C2n. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:14671-14678. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01371c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical investigations suggest that carbon cages C2n could be captured as both electron reduced [La2@C2n]− with La–La bonding and pristine La2C2@C2n forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Zhi Li
- Institute for Chemical Physics and Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
| | - Jia-Jia Zheng
- Institute for Chemical Physics and Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
| | - Ling He
- Institute for Chemical Physics and Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8103
- Japan
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics and Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
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20
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Navalón S, Herance JR, Álvaro M, García H. Covalently Modified Graphenes in Catalysis, Electrocatalysis and Photoresponsive Materials. Chemistry 2017; 23:15244-15275. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Navalón
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIC-UPV); Universitad Politécnica de Valencia; C/ Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - José Raúl Herance
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Research Center for Nanomedicine; Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN; Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 119-129 08035 Barcelona Spain
| | - Mercedes Álvaro
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIC-UPV); Universitad Politécnica de Valencia; C/ Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Hermenegildo García
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIC-UPV); Universitad Politécnica de Valencia; C/ Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
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21
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Kako M, Sugiura T, Miyabe K, Yasui M, Yamada M, Maeda Y, Guo JD, Nagase S, Akasaka T. Preparation, Structural Determination, and Characterization of Electronic Properties of [5,6]- and [6,6]-Carbosilylated Sc 3 N@I h -C 80. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1391-1399. [PMID: 28452140 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical carbosilylation of Sc3 N@Ih -C80 with silirane 1 afforded two corresponding [5,6]-adducts, 2 and 3, and a [6,6]-adduct, 4. The structural and electronic properties of these products were characterized by means of spectroscopic, electrochemical, and theoretical methods. The structure of 2 was disclosed by means of single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis. Thermal isomerization of 3 to 2 was observed, whereas that of 2 to 3 proceeded less efficiently at 100 °C. Upon heating under the same conditions, adduct 4 underwent facile decomposition to afford Sc3 N@Ih -C80 , or isomerized into small amounts of 2 and 3. The relative stabilities of 2, 3, and 4 were rationalized through the results of theoretical calculations. In contrast, adducts 2, 3, and 4 were stable under the photolytic conditions employed for carbosilylation. The photochemical functionalization of Sc3 N@Ih -C80 represents a convenient synthetic method to obtain thermally labile fullerene-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kako
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugiura
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Miyabe
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Masanori Yasui
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan
| | - Jing-Dong Guo
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan.,Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.,Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Ibaraki 3, 05-0821, Japan.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
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22
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Strauss V, Radhakrishnan SG, Malig J, Jux N, Guldi DM. Catching metallic nitride endohedral fullerenes in organic and aqueous media. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616500711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two bis-tetraphenylporphyrin tweezers-like conjugates bearing different linkers have been characterized by means of electrochemical and photophysical methods. The thrust of this work was the complexation of these bis-porphyrins with C[Formula: see text] and metallic nitride endohedral fullerenes (MNEF) like Sc3N@C[Formula: see text] in organic and in aqueus media — studied by a combination of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies. In the context of charge separation evidence for the formation of the 1a[Formula: see text]-Sc3N@C[Formula: see text] and 1c[Formula: see text]-Sc3N@C[Formula: see text] charge separated states in organic and aqueous media, respectively, came from transient absorption spectroscopy. Multi-wavelength analyses afforded charge separated state lifetimes of around 400 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Strauss
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chair of Physical Chemistry I, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shankara Gayathri Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chair of Physical Chemistry I, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Jenny Malig
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chair of Physical Chemistry I, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Henkestr., 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Henkestr., 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chair of Physical Chemistry I, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Rodríguez-Morgade MS, Kobayashi N. Preface — Special Issue in Honor of Professor Tomás Torres. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Martínez JP, Solà M, Voityuk AA. The Driving Force of Photoinduced Charge Separation in Metal-Cluster-Encapsulated Triphenylamine-[80]fullerenes. Chemistry 2016; 22:17305-17310. [PMID: 27778398 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Understanding photoinduced charge separation in fullerene-based dye-sensitized solar cells is crucial for the development of photovoltaic devices. We investigate here how the driving force of the charge separation process in conjugates of M@C80 (M=Sc3 N, Sc3 CH, Sc3 NC, Sc4 O2 , and Sc4 O3 ) with triphenylamine (TPA) depends on the nature of the metal cluster. Both singlet and triplet excited-state electron-transfer reactions are considered. These results based on TD-DFT calculations demonstrate that the driving force of charge separation in TPA-M@C80 can be tuned well by varying the structure of the metal cluster encapsulated inside the fullerene cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Martínez
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alexander A Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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25
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Saha A, Chen M, Lederer M, Kahnt A, Lu X, Guldi DM. Sulfur rich electron donors - formation of singlet versus triplet radical ion pair states featuring different lifetimes in the same conjugate. Chem Sci 2016; 8:1360-1368. [PMID: 28451277 PMCID: PMC5361866 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03207a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented family of novel electron-donor acceptor conjugates based on fullerenes as electron acceptors, on one hand, and triphenyl amines as electron donors, on the other hand, have been synthesized and characterized in a variety of solvents using steady state absorption/emission as well as transient absorption spectroscopy. These are unprecedented in terms of their outcome of radical ion pair formation, that is, the singlet versus triplet excited state. This was corroborated by femto/nanosecond pump probe experiments and by molecular orbital calculations. Not only has the donor strength of the triphenylamines been systematically altered by appending one or two sulfur rich dithiafulvenes, but the presence of the latter changed the nature of the radical ion pair state. Importantly, depending on the excitation wavelength, that is, either where the fullerenes or where the triphenylamines absorb, short-lived or long-lived radical ion pair states, respectively, are formed. The short-lived component with a lifetime as short as 6 ps has singlet character and stems from a fullerene singlet excited state precursor. In contrast, the long-lived component has a lifetime of up to 130 ns in THF, has triplet character, and evolves from a triplet excited state precursor. Key in forming more than three orders of magnitude longer lived radical ion pair states is the presence of sulfur atoms, which enhance spin-orbit coupling and, in turn, intersystem crossing. Independent confirmation for the singlet versus triplet character came from temperature dependent measurements with a focus on the radical ion pair state lifetimes. Here, activation barriers of 2.4 and 10.0 kJ mol-1 for the singlet and triplet radical ion pair state, respectively, were established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Muqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing , School of Material Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , 430074 Wuhan , China .
| | - Marcus Lederer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing , School of Material Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , 430074 Wuhan , China .
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany .
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26
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Akasaka T, Nakata A, Rudolf M, Wang WW, Yamada M, Suzuki M, Maeda Y, Aoyama R, Tsuchiya T, Nagase S, Guldi DM. Synthesis and Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Reactions in a La 2 @I h -C 80 -Phenoxazine Conjugate. Chempluschem 2016; 82:1067-1072. [PMID: 31961617 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A newly designed electron donor-acceptor conjugate consisting of an endohedral dimetallofullerene (La2 @Ih -C80 ) and phenoxazine (POZ) was successfully synthesized under Prato conditions. Our results document that the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition took place across the [5,6] junction to afford exclusively the corresponding [5,6] cycloadduct. The structure of the conjugate was characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical studies. Computational calculations suggest that the electron density of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is distributed on the POZ moiety, whereas that of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is located at the endohedral La atoms, leading to efficient separation of the HOMO and LUMO in the conjugate. Time-resolved absorption spectroscopic investigations and spectroelectrochemical measurements corroborate the formation of the energetically low-lying (La2 @Ih -C80 ).- -(POZ).+ radical-ion-pair state by means of ultrafast through-space electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Akasaka
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.,Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Ibaraki, 305-0821, Japan.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukui Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Nakata
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Marc Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8104, Japan
| | - Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukui Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukui Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukui Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Aoyama
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuchiya
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8104, Japan
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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27
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Rodríguez-Morgade MS. A Colorful Life: Scientific Achievements of Tomás Torres in the Fields of Phthalocyanines, Molecular Materials and Nanoscience. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Some of the most important achievements of Tomás Torres in the last few decades within the fields of Phthalocyanines and related compounds, Molecular Materials and Nanoscience are revised and his recognized international prestige in these areas highlighted on the occasion of his 65th birthday.
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28
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Martínez JP, Solà M, Voityuk AA. Theoretical estimation of the rate of photoinduced charge transfer reactions in triphenylamine C60 donor-acceptor conjugate. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:1396-405. [PMID: 26992355 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fullerene-based molecular heterojunctions such as the [6,6]-pyrrolidine-C60 donor-acceptor conjugate containing triphenylamine (TPA) are potential materials for high-efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. In this work, we estimate the rate constants for the photoinduced charge separation and charge recombination processes in TPA-C60 using the unrestricted and time-dependent DFT methods. Different schemes are applied to evaluate excited state properties and electron transfer parameters (reorganization energies, electronic couplings, and Gibbs energies). The use of open-shell singlet or triplet states, several density functionals, and continuum solvation models is discussed. Strengths and limitations of the computational approaches are highlighted. The present benchmark study provides an overview of the expected performance of DFT-based methodologies in the description of photoinduced charge transfer reactions in fullerene heterojunctions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Martínez
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alexander A Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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29
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Martínez JP, Garcia-Borràs M, Osuna S, Poater J, Bickelhaupt FM, Solà M. Reaction Mechanism and Regioselectivity of the Bingel-Hirsch Addition of Dimethyl Bromomalonate to La@C2v -C82. Chemistry 2016; 22:5953-62. [PMID: 26991842 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We quantum chemically explore the thermodynamics and kinetics of all 65 possible mechanistic pathways of the Bingel-Hirsch addition of dimethyl bromomalonate to the endohedral metallofullerene La@C2v -C82 that result from the combination of 24 nonequivalent carbon atoms and 35 different bonds present in La@C2v -C82 by using dispersion-corrected DFT calculations. Experimentally, this reaction leads to four singly bonded derivatives and one fulleroid adduct. Of these five products, only the singly bonded derivative on C23 could be experimentally identified unambiguously. Our calculations show that La@C2v -C82 is not particularly regioselective under Bingel-Hirsch conditions. From the obtained results, however, it is possible to make a tentative assignment of the products observed experimentally. We propose that the observed fulleroid adduct results from the attack at bond 19 and that the singly bonded derivatives correspond to the C2, C19, C21, and C23 initial attacks. However, other possibilities cannot be ruled out completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Martínez
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marc Garcia-Borràs
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sílvia Osuna
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Poater
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boeleaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Departament de Química Orgànica & IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boeleaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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30
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Rudolf M, Kirner SV, Guldi DM. A multicomponent molecular approach to artificial photosynthesis – the role of fullerenes and endohedral metallofullerenes. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:612-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00774g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, we highlight recent advances in the field of solar energy conversion at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - S. V. Kirner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - D. M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Physical Biosciences Division
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31
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Antony MP, Moehl T, Wielopolski M, Moser JE, Nair S, Yu YJ, Kim JH, Kay KY, Jung YS, Yoon KB, Grätzel C, Zakeeruddin SM, Grätzel M. Long-Range π-Conjugation in Phenothiazine-containing Donor-Acceptor Dyes for Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:3859-3868. [PMID: 26616683 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Four organic donor-π-bridge-acceptor dyes containing phenothiazine as a spacer and cyanoacrylic acid as an acceptor were synthesized and tested as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The influence of iodide- and cobalt-based redox electrolytes on the photovoltaic device performance was investigated. In these new dyes, systematic π-conjugation was extended by inserting one or two phenothiazine moieties and investigated within the context of the resulting photoinduced charge-transfer properties. A detailed investigation, including transient absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemical methods, provided important information on the role of extended π-conjugation on the photophysical properties and photovoltaic device performance. Overall, the results showed that the extension of π-conjugation by one phenothiazine unit resulted in the best device performance owing to reduced recombination rates, whereas extension by two phenothiazine units reduced dye adsorption on TiO2 probably owing to the increase in molecular size. The performance of the dyes in DSCs was found to be a complex interaction between dye structure and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mini P Antony
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita lane, Edappally, Cochin-41, 682041, India
| | - Thomas Moehl
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mateusz Wielopolski
- Photochemical Dynamics Group, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques-E Moser
- Photochemical Dynamics Group, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shantikumar Nair
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita lane, Edappally, Cochin-41, 682041, India
| | | | | | - Kwang-Yol Kay
- Solar Sys Co., Ltd., BI Center.
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, Korea.
| | - Young-Sam Jung
- Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Kyung Byung Yoon
- Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Carole Grätzel
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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32
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Trukhina O, Rudolf M, Bottari G, Akasaka T, Echegoyen L, Torres T, Guldi DM. Bidirectional Electron Transfer Capability in Phthalocyanine–Sc3N@Ih–C80 Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12914-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Trukhina
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Faraday
9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Rudolf
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular
Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giovanni Bottari
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Faraday
9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | | | - Tomas Torres
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Faraday
9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular
Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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33
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Lima CFRAC, Costa JCS, Melo A, Tavares HR, Silva AMS, Santos LMNBF. Effect of Self-Association on the Phase Stability of Triphenylamine Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6676-82. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F. R. A. C. Lima
- CIQ,
Departamento de Quı́mica e Bioquı́mica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José C. S. Costa
- CIQ,
Departamento de Quı́mica e Bioquı́mica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - André Melo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quı́mica
e Bioquı́mica, Faculdade de Ciências
da Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hilário R. Tavares
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luı́s M. N. B. F. Santos
- CIQ,
Departamento de Quı́mica e Bioquı́mica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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34
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Maeda Y, Kimura M, Ueda C, Yamada M, Kikuchi T, Suzuki M, Wang WW, Mizorogi N, Karousis N, Tagmatarchis N, Hasegawa T, Olmstead MM, Balch AL, Nagase S, Akasaka T. Isolation and characterization of [5,6]-pyrrolidino-Sc₃N@I(h)-C₈₀ diastereomers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:12552-5. [PMID: 25198920 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04946b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of Sc3N@I(h)-C80 with aziridine derivatives were conducted to afford the corresponding mono-adducts. A pair of diastereomers of the mono-adduct [5,6]-pyrrolidino-Sc3N@I(h)-C80 was isolated and characterized by means of mass spectrometry, vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical measurements. Structural analysis of the mono-adducts was conducted by NMR and single-crystal X-ray structure determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan.
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35
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Busseron E, Cid JJ, Wolf A, Du G, Moulin E, Fuks G, Maaloum M, Polavarapu P, Ruff A, Saur AK, Ludwigs S, Giuseppone N. Light-controlled morphologies of self-assembled triarylamine-fullerene conjugates. ACS NANO 2015; 9:2760-2772. [PMID: 25734231 DOI: 10.1021/nn506646m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A family of triarylamine-fullerene conjugates has been synthesized and shown to self-assemble upon light stimulation in chlorinated solvents. This light-induced process primarily involves excitation of triarylamine derivatives, which then oxidize and stack with their neutral counterparts to form charge transfer complexes in the form of p-conducting channels, while fullerenes are consequently enforced in coaxial n-conducting columnar arrangements. These supramolecular heterojunctions can be organized over very long distances in micrometric fibers when a controlled amount of photons is provided from a white light source to initiate the process. Surprisingly, when sunlight or UV light is used instead, the nanostructuration leads to monodisperse spherical objects due to the nature of the nucleation-growth process involved in the stacks formation. This control over the supramolecular morphology of organic self-assemblies using the nature of light is of general interest for the design of functional responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Busseron
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Juan-José Cid
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Adrian Wolf
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Guangyan Du
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Emilie Moulin
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Gad Fuks
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Mounir Maaloum
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Prasad Polavarapu
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Adrian Ruff
- ‡Institut für Polymerchemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Saur
- ‡Institut für Polymerchemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- ‡Institut für Polymerchemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
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36
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Extent of charge separation and exciton delocalization for electronically excited states in a triphenylamine-C60 donor–acceptor conjugate: a combined molecular dynamics and TD-DFT study. Theor Chem Acc 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-015-1614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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37
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Basurto L, Amerikheirabadi F, Zope R, Baruah T. The electronic structure and charge transfer excited states of the endohedral trimetallic nitride C80 (Ih) fullerenes–Zn-tetraphenyl porphyrin dyads. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:5832-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04583a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Replacing C60 or C70 by an M3N@C80 (M = Sc, Y) in co-facial dyads with ZnTPP increases charge transfer excited state energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Basurto
- Department of Physics
- The University of Texas at El Paso
- El Paso
- USA
| | | | - Rajendra Zope
- Department of Physics
- The University of Texas at El Paso
- El Paso
- USA
| | - Tunna Baruah
- Department of Physics
- The University of Texas at El Paso
- El Paso
- USA
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38
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Liu B, Fang H, Li X, Cai W, Bao L, Rudolf M, Plass F, Fan L, Lu X, Guldi DM. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of a Sc3N@C80-Corrole Electron Donor-Acceptor Conjugate. Chemistry 2014; 21:746-52. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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39
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Triphenylamine-based dye functionalized platinum colloid for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water: Synthesis, characterization, electron transfer, and photocatalysis. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Haedler AT, Beyer SR, Hammer N, Hildner R, Kivala M, Köhler J, Schmidt HW. Synthesis and photophysical properties of multichromophoric carbonyl-bridged triarylamines. Chemistry 2014; 20:11708-18. [PMID: 25147099 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and photophysical properties of two novel multichromophoric compounds is presented. Their molecular design comprises a carbonyl-bridged triarylamine core and either naphthalimides or 4-(5-hexyl-2,2'-bithiophene)naphthalimides as second chromophore in the periphery. The lateral chromophores are attached to the core via an amide linkage and a short alkyl spacer. The synthetic approach demonstrates a straightforward functionalization strategy for carbonyl-bridged triarylamines. Steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic investigations of these compounds, in combination with three reference compounds, provide clear evidence for energy transfer in both multichromophoric compounds. The direction of the energy transfer depends on the lateral chromophore used. Furthermore, the compound bearing the lateral 4-(bithiophene)naphthaimides is capable of forming fluorescent gels at very low concentrations in the sub-millimolar regime whilst retaining its energy transfer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas T Haedler
- Macromolecular Chemistry I, Bayreuther Institut für Makromolekülforschung (BIMF) and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany), Fax: (+49) 921-55-3206
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41
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Molina-Ontoria A, Rivera-Nazario DM, Tigreros A, Ortiz A, Nuñez JE, Insuasty B, Lueders D, Wolfrum S, Guldi DM, Echegoyen L. Geometric Influence on Intramolecular Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Platinum(II) Acetylide-Linked Donor-Acceptor Assemblies. Chemistry 2014; 20:11111-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Hosseini M, Rivera-Nazario DM, Echegoyen LA. Self-assembled monolayers of C60-triphenylamine dyads as photo-switched interfacial layers for potential application in photovoltaic cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:3712-3720. [PMID: 24524362 DOI: 10.1021/am500049q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
C60-Triphenylamine dyads were synthesized for incorporation as photoswitched interfacial layers in organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of these dyads on gold (through S-Au and C60-Au interactions) were prepared through one or two adsorption processes, and their packing densities were fully characterized. Analysis using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements indicated that all SAMs exhibit dense coverage on the gold surfaces. Electrochemical desorption in KOH confirmed that the cis-1 dyad is anchored to the gold surface through its thiol group. Impedance measurements in the absence and presence of UV irradiation were performed to observe the photoswitched properties of these surface confined dyads. Upon UV light exposure of the SAMs, the charge-transfer resistance decreased when Fe(CN)6(3-/4-) was used as the probe redox couple and increased with Ru(NH3)6(3+/2+), confirming the generation of positive charges on the surface upon UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso , 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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43
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Ying W, Yang J, Wielopolski M, Moehl T, Moser JE, Comte P, Hua J, Zakeeruddin SM, Tian H, Grätzel M. New pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine-based sensitizers for efficient and stable dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51844b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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44
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Wielopolski M, Linton KE, Marszałek M, Gulcur M, Bryce MR, Moser JE. Harvesting UV photons for solar energy conversion applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:2090-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54914c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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45
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Toth K, Molloy JK, Matta M, Heinrich B, Guillon D, Bergamini G, Zerbetto F, Donnio B, Ceroni P, Felder-Flesch D. A Strongly Emitting Liquid-Crystalline Derivative of Y3N@C80: Bright and Long-Lived Near-IR Luminescence from a Charge Transfer State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Toth K, Molloy JK, Matta M, Heinrich B, Guillon D, Bergamini G, Zerbetto F, Donnio B, Ceroni P, Felder-Flesch D. A strongly emitting liquid-crystalline derivative of Y(3)N@C(80): bright and long-lived near-IR luminescence from a charge transfer state. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12303-7. [PMID: 24123466 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Great balls of fire: C60 and Y3 N@C80 were connected to the same oligo(phenyleneethynylene) unit to investigate their structural and photophysical properties. NMR investigations revealed a fulleroid structure for the Y3 N@C80 derivative, and both dyads gave rise to columnar phases with core-shell cylinders. The black and gray spheres represent the fullerene core units of the Y3 N@C80 derivative, which is an ideal candidate to be involved in energy and electron transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalman Toth
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR CNRS UdS 7504, 23 rue du loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 (France)
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Rudolf M, Feng L, Slanina Z, Akasaka T, Nagase S, Guldi DM. A metallofullerene electron donor that powers an efficient spin flip in a linear electron donor-acceptor conjugate. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:11165-74. [PMID: 23805844 DOI: 10.1021/ja403763e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The dream target of artificial photosynthesis is the realization of long-lived radical ion pair states that power catalytic centers and, consequently, the production of solar fuels. Notably, magnetic field effects, especially internal magnetic field effects, are rarely employed in this context. Here, we report on a linear Lu3N@Ih-C80-PDI electron donor-acceptor conjugate, in which the presence of the Lu3N cluster exerts an appreciable electron nuclear hyperfine coupling on the charge transfer dynamics. As such, a fairly efficient radical ion pair intersystem crossing converts the initially formed singlet radical ion pair state, (1)[(Lu3N@Ih-C80)(•+)-PDI(•-)], to the corresponding triplet radical ion pair state, (3)[(Lu3N@Ih-C80)(•+)-PDI(•-)]. Most notably, the radical ion pair state lifetime of the latter is nearly 1000 times longer than that of the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University , Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Popov
- Department of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden , D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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