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Baruah A, Newar R, Das S, Kalita N, Nath M, Ghosh P, Chinnam S, Sarma H, Narayan M. Biomedical applications of graphene-based nanomaterials: recent progress, challenges, and prospects in highly sensitive biosensors. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:103. [PMID: 38884869 PMCID: PMC11183028 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials (graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, graphene-based nanocomposites, etc.) are emerging as an extremely important class of nanomaterials primarily because of their unique and advantageous physical, chemical, biological, and optoelectronic aspects. These features have resulted in uses across diverse areas of scientific research. Among all other applications, they are found to be particularly useful in designing highly sensitive biosensors. Numerous studies have established their efficacy in sensing pathogens and other biomolecules allowing for the rapid diagnosis of various diseases. Considering the growing importance and popularity of graphene-based materials for biosensing applications, this review aims to provide the readers with a summary of the recent progress in the concerned domain and highlights the challenges associated with the synthesis and application of these multifunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabinda Baruah
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Rachita Newar
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Saikat Das
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Nitul Kalita
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Masood Nath
- University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Muscat, Oman
| | - Priya Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Sampath Chinnam
- Department of Chemistry, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology (Autonomous Institution, Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Hemen Sarma
- Department of Botany, Bodoland University, Rangalikhata, Deborgaon, Kokrajhar (BTR), Assam, 783370, India.
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, UTEP, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
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2
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Alimohammadian M, Azizian S, Sohrabi B. Preparation of the graphene-based smart hydrophobic nanocomposite and its application in oil/water separation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19816. [PMID: 37957214 PMCID: PMC10643443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing and synthesizing materials with smart hydrophobicity against an external magnetic field for efficient oil/water separation is of great importance due to the increasing problems caused by oil pollution. Here, the nanocomposites were fabricated based on graphene and different iron oxides exhibit smart hydrophobicity against an external magnetic field and they are in powder form eliminating the requirement for a substrate employing a facile and echo friendly method. The results prove that autoclaving of graphene leads to its ferromagnetic property; then it is attached to iron oxides by magnetic attraction and a nanocomposite is produced. The magnetic property of the resulting nanocomposite is higher than the magnetic property of its individual components. In addition, following nanocomposite formation, its hydrophobicity and surface area also change. FESEM images were taken from the nanocomposites to study their surface morphology, and EDS-MAP analysis to observe the elemental distribution uniformity of the nanocomposites. Also, to measure the surface area and pore size, BET analysis has been performed on pure materials and graphene-black iron oxide nanocomposite (graphene@black iron oxide). The results show that the specific surface area of black iron oxide increases after being composited with graphene dispersed at 5000 rpm. Indeed, graphene forms a composite by binding to iron oxide, and therefore, its specific surface area increases compared to iron oxide and graphene alone. These results show an increase in oil sorption and better separation of oil from water by the prepared nanocomposite. Also, to measure the magnetic properties of pure materials, graphene@black iron oxide, and ferromagnetic graphene at 3000 and 5000 rpm, the Vibrating Sample Magnetometer analysis has been performed. The results have proven that the nanocomposite powder prepared by a simple method obtained from cost-effective and available materials is hydrophobic and becomes more hydrophobic by applying an external magnetic field. Due to the ease with which oil can be readily removed from the nanocomposite by eliminating the external magnetic field, this nanocomposite is an excellent choice for the separation of oil from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Alimohammadian
- Surface Chemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Azizian
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Beheshteh Sohrabi
- Surface Chemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Liu H, Wang H, Peng Z, Jin J, Wang Z, Peng K, Wang W, Xu Y, Wang Y, Wei Z, Zhang D, Li YJ, Chu W, Sun L. An anomalous Hall effect in edge-bonded monolayer graphene. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1235-1242. [PMID: 37409404 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00233k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
An anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is usually presumed to be absent in pristine graphene due to its diamagnetism. In this work, we report that a gate-tunable Hall resistance Rxy can be obtained in edge-bonded monolayer graphene without an external magnetic field. In a perpendicular magnetic field, Rxy consists of a sum of two terms: one from the ordinary Hall effect and the other from the AHE (RAHE). Plateaus of Rxy ∼ 0.94h/3e2 and RAHE ∼ 0.88h/3e2 have been observed while the longitudinal resistance Rxx decreases at a temperature of 2 K, which are indications of the quantum version of the AHE. At a temperature of 300 K, Rxx shows a positive, giant magnetoresistance of ∼177% and RAHE still has a value of ∼400 Ω. These observations indicate the existence of a long-range ferromagnetic order in pristine graphene, which may lead to new applications in pure carbon-based spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhisheng Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiyou Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongpu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yushi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zheng Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong 510700, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiguo Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Lianfeng Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong 510700, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Thomsen JD, Reidy K, Pham T, Klein J, Osherov A, Dana R, Ross FM. Suspended Graphene Membranes to Control Au Nucleation and Growth. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10364-10371. [PMID: 35849654 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Control of nucleation sites is an important goal in materials growth: nuclei in regular arrays may show emergent photonic or electronic behavior, and once the nuclei coalesce into thin films, the nucleation density influences parameters such as surface roughness, stress, and grain boundary structure. Tailoring substrate properties to control nucleation is therefore a powerful tool for designing functional thin films and nanomaterials. Here, we examine nucleation control for metals deposited on two-dimensional materials in a situation where substrate effects are absent and heterogeneous nucleation sites are minimized. Through quantification of faceted, epitaxial Au island nucleation on graphene, we show that ultralow nucleation densities with nuclei several micrometers apart can be achieved on suspended graphene under conditions where we measure 2-3 orders of magnitude higher nucleation density on the adjacent supported substrate. We estimate diffusion distances using nucleation theory and find a strong sensitivity of nucleation and diffusion to suspended graphene thickness. Finally, we discuss the role of surface roughness as the main factor determining nucleation density on clean free-standing graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Dahl Thomsen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Kate Reidy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Thang Pham
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Julian Klein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Anna Osherov
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Rami Dana
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Frances M Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
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Reidy K, Thomsen JD, Lee HY, Zarubin V, Yu Y, Wang B, Pham T, Periwal P, Ross FM. Mechanisms of Quasi van der Waals Epitaxy of Three-Dimensional Metallic Nanoislands on Suspended Two-Dimensional Materials. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5849-5858. [PMID: 35852159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding structure at the interface between two-dimensional (2D) materials and 3D metals is crucial for designing novel 2D/3D heterostructures and improving the performance of many 2D material devices. Here, we quantify and discuss the 2D/3D interface structure and the 3D morphology in several materials systems. We first deposit faceted Au nanoislands on graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, using measurements of the equilibrium island shape to determine values for the 2D/Au interface energy and examining the role of surface reconstructions, chemical identity, and defects on the grown structures. We then deposit the technologically relevant metals Ti and Nb under conditions where kinetic rather than thermodynamic factors govern growth. We describe a transition from dendritic to faceted islands as a function of growth temperature and discuss the factors determining island shape in these materials systems. Finally, we show that suspended 2D materials enable the fabrication of a novel type of 3D/2D/3D heterostructure and discuss the growth mechanism. We suggest that emerging nanodevices will utilize versatile fabrication of 2D/3D heterostructures with well-characterized interfaces and morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Reidy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joachim Dahl Thomsen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hae Yeon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vera Zarubin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yang Yu
- Raith America Inc., International Applications Center, 300 Jordan Road, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Baoming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thang Pham
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Priyanka Periwal
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
| | - Frances M Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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6
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Li H, Chen L, Li X, Sun D, Zhang H. Recent Progress on Asymmetric Carbon- and Silica-Based Nanomaterials: From Synthetic Strategies to Their Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:45. [PMID: 35038075 PMCID: PMC8764017 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00789-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS The synthetic strategies and fundamental mechanisms of various asymmetric carbon- and silica-based nanomaterials were systematically summarized. The advantages of asymmetric structure on their related applications were clarified by some representative applications of asymmetric carbon- and silica-based nanomaterials. The future development prospects and challenges of asymmetric carbon- and silica-based nanomaterials were proposed. ABSTRACT Carbon- and silica-based nanomaterials possess a set of merits including large surface area, good structural stability, diversified morphology, adjustable structure, and biocompatibility. These outstanding features make them widely applied in different fields. However, limited by the surface free energy effect, the current studies mainly focus on the symmetric structures, such as nanospheres, nanoflowers, nanowires, nanosheets, and core–shell structured composites. By comparison, the asymmetric structure with ingenious adjustability not only exhibits a larger effective surface area accompanied with more active sites, but also enables each component to work independently or corporately to harness their own merits, thus showing the unusual performances in some specific applications. The current review mainly focuses on the recent progress of design principles and synthesis methods of asymmetric carbon- and silica-based nanomaterials, and their applications in energy storage, catalysis, and biomedicine. Particularly, we provide some deep insights into their unique advantages in related fields from the perspective of materials’ structure–performance relationship. Furthermore, the challenges and development prospects on the synthesis and applications of asymmetric carbon- and silica-based nanomaterials are also presented and highlighted. [Image: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Li
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Nanomaterials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Nanomaterials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Nanomaterials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Nanomaterials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Nanomaterials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Nanomaterials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoguang Sun
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijiao Zhang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Kwon YB, Cho SY, Jang H, Kim JH, Kim YK. Lateral Size Effect of Graphene Oxide on Its Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Property. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:14205-14213. [PMID: 34806387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The lateral size effect of graphene oxide (GO) on surfaced-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) property is systematically investigated by using size-fractionalized GO. For the size fractionalization without changes of chemical structure, large-sized GO (LGO) and small-sized GO (SGO) are separated from the as-synthesized GO (AGO) by centrifugation and membrane filtration, respectively. The size-fractionalized GO sheets are immobilized on a solid substrate for the parallel comparison of their SERS property. As a result, we find that LGO shows considerably higher SERS property than SGO for typical Raman probes such as rhodamine 6G and crystal violet. Furthermore, the lateral size effect of GO derivatives is consistently observed when they are hybridized with plasmonic silver nanoparticles. These results indicate that LGO is superior to AGO and SGO as a SERS platform, and it is also quantitatively confirmed by calculating their enhancement factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Bin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Se Youn Cho
- Carbon Composite Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, South Korea
| | - Hongje Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, 20 Gwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Young-Kwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, South Korea
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Zarshenas M, Gervilla V, Sangiovanni DG, Sarakinos K. Room-temperature diffusion of metal clusters on graphene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13087-13094. [PMID: 34059869 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00522g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We study the diffusion dynamics, the diffusion mechanisms, and the adsorption energetics of Ag, Au, Cu, and Pd dimers, as well as of Ag trimers on single-layer graphene (SLG) by means of ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The simulations show that Ag, Cu, and Au clusters exhibit a super-diffusive pattern characterized by long jumps, which can be explained by the flat potential energy landscape (PEL) (corrugation of a few tens of meV) encountered by those clusters on SLG. Pd dimers, instead, diffuse in a pattern that is reminiscent of conventional random walk, which is consistent with a significantly rougher PEL of the order of 100 meV. Moreover, our data show that all clusters exhibit diffusion mechanisms that include both concerted translation and rotation. The overall results of the present study provide key insights for modeling the growth of metal layers and nanostructures on graphene and other van der Waals materials, which is a prerequisite for the directed growth of multifunctional metal contacts in a broad range of enabling devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zarshenas
- Nanoscale Engineering Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Victor Gervilla
- Nanoscale Engineering Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Davide G Sangiovanni
- Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kostas Sarakinos
- Nanoscale Engineering Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden.
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9
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Nancy P, Jose J, Joy N, Valluvadasan S, Philip R, Antoine R, Thomas S, Kalarikkal N. Fabrication of Silver-Decorated Graphene Oxide Nanohybrids via Pulsed Laser Ablation with Excellent Antimicrobial and Optical Limiting Performance. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11040880. [PMID: 33808385 PMCID: PMC8065497 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The demand for metallic nanoparticle ornamented nanohybrid materials of graphene oxide (GO) finds copious recognition by virtue of its advanced high-tech applications. Far apart from the long-established synthesis protocols, a novel laser-induced generation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) that are anchored onto the GO layers by a single-step green method named pulsed laser ablation has been exemplified in this work. The second and third harmonic wavelengths (532 nm and 355 nm) of an Nd:YAG pulsed laser is used for the production of Ag NPs from a bulk solid silver target ablated in an aqueous solution of GO to fabricate colloidal Ag-GO nanohybrid materials. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and TEM validate the optical, structural, and morphological features of the hybrid nanomaterials. The results revealed that the laser-assisted in-situ deposition of Ag NPs on the few-layered GO surface improved its antibacterial properties, in which the hybrid nanostructure synthesized at a longer wavelength exhibited higher antibacterial action resistance to Escherichia coli (E. coli) than Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria. Moreover, nonlinear optical absorption (NLA) of Ag-GO nanohybrid was measured using the open aperture Z-scan technique. The Z-scan results signify the NLA properties of the Ag-GO hybrid material and have a large decline in transmittance of more than 60%, which can be employed as a promising optical limiting (OL) material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvathy Nancy
- School of Pure and Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India;
| | - Jiya Jose
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India; (J.J.); (S.T.)
| | - Nithin Joy
- Light & Matter Physics Group, Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru 560080, India; (N.J.); (R.P.)
| | - Sivakumaran Valluvadasan
- Accelerator Division, Institute of Plasma Research, Near Indira Bridge, Gandhinagar District, Bhat, Gujarat 382428, India;
| | - Reji Philip
- Light & Matter Physics Group, Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru 560080, India; (N.J.); (R.P.)
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- CNRS Institut Lumière, Matière Université Claude Bernard, Univ Lyon, Lyon 1, F-69622 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (N.K.)
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India; (J.J.); (S.T.)
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
| | - Nandakumar Kalarikkal
- School of Pure and Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India;
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India; (J.J.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (N.K.)
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Sriram P, Manikandan A, Chuang FC, Chueh YL. Hybridizing Plasmonic Materials with 2D-Transition Metal Dichalcogenides toward Functional Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1904271. [PMID: 32196957 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have become intriguing materials in the versatile field of photonics and optoelectronics because of their strong light-matter interaction that stems from the atomic layer thickness, broadband optical response, controllable optoelectronic properties, and high nonlinearity, as well as compatibility. Nevertheless, the low optical cross-section of 2D-TMDs inhibits the light-matter interaction, resulting in lower quantum yield. Therefore, hybridizing the 2D-TMDs with plasmonic nanomaterials has become one of the promising strategies to boost the optical absorption of thin 2D-TMDs. The appeal of plasmonics is based on their capability to localize and enhance the electromagnetic field and increase the optical path length of light by scattering and injecting hot electrons to TMDs. In this regard, recent achievements with respect to hybridization of the plasmonic effect in 2D-TMDs systems and its augmented optical and optoelectronic properties are reviewed. The phenomenon of plasmon-enhanced interaction in 2D-TMDs is briefly described and state-of-the-art hybrid device applications are comprehensively discussed. Finally, an outlook on future applications of these hybrid devices is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Sriram
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Arumugam Manikandan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chuan Chuang
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
- Physics Division, The National Center for Theoretical Science, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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11
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Lu Z, Sun X, Xiang Y, Wang GC, Washington MA, Lu TM. Large scale epitaxial graphite grown on twin free nickel(111)/spinel substrate. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Large scale, single crystalline graphite with millimeter size domain is achieved using a LPCVD process with a temperature below 925 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghuan Lu
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, and
- Center for Materials, Devices, and Integrated Systems (cMDIS)
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Troy
- USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, and
- Center for Materials, Devices, and Integrated Systems (cMDIS)
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Troy
- USA
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, and
- Center for Materials, Devices, and Integrated Systems (cMDIS)
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Troy
- USA
| | - Gwo-Ching Wang
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, and
- Center for Materials, Devices, and Integrated Systems (cMDIS)
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Troy
- USA
| | - Morris A. Washington
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, and
- Center for Materials, Devices, and Integrated Systems (cMDIS)
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Troy
- USA
| | - Toh-Ming Lu
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, and
- Center for Materials, Devices, and Integrated Systems (cMDIS)
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Troy
- USA
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The Advances in Biomedical Applications of Carbon Nanotubes. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/c5020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Unique chemical, physical, and biological features of carbon nanotubes make them an ideal candidate for myriad applications in industry and biomedicine. Carbon nanotubes have excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, high biocompatibility, flexibility, resistance to corrosion, nano-size, and a high surface area, which can be tailored and functionalized on demand. This review discusses the progress and main fields of bio-medical applications of carbon nanotubes based on recently-published reports. It encompasses the synthesis of carbon nanotubes and their application for bio-sensing, cancer treatment, hyperthermia induction, antibacterial therapy, and tissue engineering. Other areas of carbon nanotube applications were out of the scope of this review. Special attention has been paid to the problem of the toxicity of carbon nanotubes.
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Kim UJ, Kim JS, Park N, Lee S, Lee U, Park Y, Seok J, Hwang S, Son H, Lee YH. Anomalous K-Point Phonons in Noble Metal/Graphene Heterostructure Activated by Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance. ACS NANO 2018; 12:12733-12740. [PMID: 30516949 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The metal/graphene interface has been one of the most important research topics with regard to charge screening, charge transfer, contact resistance, and solar cells. Chemical bond formation of metal and graphene can be deduced from the defect induced D-band and its second-order mode, 2D band, measured by Raman spectroscopy, as a simple and nondestructive method. However, a phonon mode located at ∼1350 cm-1, which is normally known as the defect-induced D-band, is intriguing for graphene deposited with noble metals (Ag, Au, and Cu). We observe anomalous K-point phonons in nonreactive noble metal/graphene heterostructures. The intensity ratio of the midfrequency mode at ∼1350 cm-1 over G-band (∼1590 cm-1) exhibits nonlinear but resonant behavior with the excitation laser wavelength, and more importantly, the phonon frequency-laser energy dispersion is ∼10-17 cm-1 eV-1, which is much less than the conventional range. These phonon modes of graphene at nonzero phonon wave vector (q ≠ 0) around K points are activated by localized surface plasmon resonance and not by the defects due to chemical bond formation of metal/graphene. This hypothesis is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations for noble metals and Cr along with the measured contact resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un Jeong Kim
- Imaging Device Laboratory , Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , South Korea
| | - Jun Suk Kim
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Noejung Park
- Department of Physics , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798 , South Korea
| | - Sanghyub Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ukjae Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756 , South Korea
| | - Yeonsang Park
- Imaging Device Laboratory , Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , South Korea
| | - Jinbong Seok
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hwang
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , South Korea
| | - Hyungbin Son
- School of Integrative Engineering , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756 , South Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
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14
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Wang Q, Cai C, Wang M, Guo Q, Wang B, Luo W, Wang Y, Zhang C, Zhou L, Zhang D, Tong Z, Liu Y, Chen J. Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green in Seawater by the Hybrid of Zinc-Oxide Nanorods Grown on Three-Dimensional (3D) Reduced Graphene Oxide(RGO)/Ni Foam. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11061004. [PMID: 29899278 PMCID: PMC6025546 DOI: 10.3390/ma11061004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid of ZnO nanorods grown onto three-dimensional (3D) reduced graphene oxide (RGO)@Ni foam (ZnO/RGO@NF) is synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The as-prepared hybrid material is physically characterized by SEM, XRD, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). When the as-prepared 3D hybrid is investigated as a photocatalyst, it demonstrates significant high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue (MB), rhodamine (RhB), and mixed MB/RhB as organic dye pollutants. In addition, the practical application and the durability of the as-prepared catalyst to degradation of malachite green (MG) in seawater are firstly assessed in a continuous flow system. The catalyst shows a high degradation efficiency and stable photocatalytic activity for 5 h continuous operation, which should be a promising catalyst for the degradation of organic dyes in seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Chaoyue Cai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Mingyan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Weina Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Yujuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Chenyan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Dongen Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Zhiwei Tong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Jun Chen
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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15
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Li Z, Jiang S, Huo Y, Ning T, Liu A, Zhang C, He Y, Wang M, Li C, Man B. 3D silver nanoparticles with multilayer graphene oxide as a spacer for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy analysis. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:5897-5905. [PMID: 29546897 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09276h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a three-dimensional (3D) SERS substrate with different numbers of silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) layers using multilayer graphene oxide (GO) as a spacer. The SERS performance of the 3D nanostructure was investigated and it was found that the SERS effect increased as the number of Ag NP layers increased, and showed almost no change for more than four layers. We found that the SERS performance of the 3D nanostructures can be mainly attributed to the topmost hot spots which are closely related to the Ag NP layers in the 3D nanostructure. Furthermore, we explored 3D nanostructures with different Ag NP layers using the finite difference time domain method (FDTD). The 3D SERS substrates also exhibit excellent detection capability. The limit of detection (LOD) was calculated down to 10-15 M for R6G and 10-12 M for CV. In addition, the reproducibility of the 3D SERS substrate was attributed obviously to the increasing number of Ag NP layers. Based on these promising results, the highly sensitive detection of molecules such as malachite green was demonstrated for food safety inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Shouzhen Jiang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Yanyan Huo
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Tingyin Ning
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Aihua Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Yuan He
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Minghong Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Chonghui Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Baoyuan Man
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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16
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Liu X, Fang Q, Hu T, Ma D, Zhang X, Liu S, Ma F, Xu K. Thickness dependent Raman spectra and interfacial interaction between Ag and epitaxial graphene on 6H-SiC(0001). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:5964-5974. [PMID: 29424375 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07338k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Graphene as the thinnest material has an extremely large specific surface area, and thus the physical properties of graphene based devices should be sensitively dependent on the contacted metals. Moreover, the interfacial interaction between graphene and metals is complicated and it is difficult to probe. In this paper, epitaxial graphene is prepared by thermal decomposition of 6H-SiC(0001), and then Ag is deposited on it. It is found that the morphology and distribution of Ag particles on graphene domains are independent of the graphene thickness. The Ag particles induce the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect and the doping effect in epitaxial graphene. The enhancement factor of SERS as well as the splitting of the G band and the shift of the 2D band decreases with increasing graphene thickness, which can be ascribed to the weakened interaction between Ag and EG. This is confirmed by the charge transfer between the Ag atom and epitaxial graphene on 6H-SiC predicted by first-principles calculations. The results are helpful to the design and development of graphene-based composites and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangtai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China.
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17
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18
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Quan J, Zhang J, Qi X, Li J, Wang N, Zhu Y. A study on the correlation between the dewetting temperature of Ag film and SERS intensity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14771. [PMID: 29116240 PMCID: PMC5676717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermally dewetted metal nano-islands have been actively investigated as cost-effective SERS-active substrates with a large area, good reproducibility and repeatability via simple fabrication process. However, the correlation between the dewetting temperature of metal film and SERS intensity hasn't been systematically studied. In this work, taking Ag nano-islands (AgNIs) as an example, we reported a strategy to investigate the correlation between the dewetting temperature of metal film and SERS intensity. We described the morphology evolution of AgNIs on the SiO2 planar substrate in different temperatures and got the quantitative information in surface-limited diffusion process (SLDP) as a function of annealing temperature via classical mean-field nucleation theory. Those functions were further used in the simulation of electromagnetic field to obtain the correlation between the dewetting temperature of Ag film and theoretical analysis. In addition, Raman mapping was done on samples annealed at different temperatures, with R6G as an analyte, to accomplish the analysis of the correlation between the dewetting temperature of Ag film and SERS intensity, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis. For SLDP, we used the morphological characterization of five samples prepared by different annealing temperatures to successfully illustrate the change in SERS intensity with the temperature fluctuation, obtaining a small deviation between the experimental results and theoretic prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Quan
- The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System, Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System, Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Xueqiang Qi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Junying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System, Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ning Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System, Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, chongqing, 400044, China.
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19
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Al-Hada M, Peters S, Gregoratti L, Amati M, Sezen H, Parisse P, Selve S, Niermann T, Berger D, Neeb M, Eberhardt W. Nanoparticle formation of deposited Ag -clusters on free-standing graphene. SURFACE SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.susc.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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21
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Wang M, Cai L, Wang Y, Zhou F, Xu K, Tao X, Chai Y. Graphene-Draped Semiconductors for Enhanced Photocorrosion Resistance and Photocatalytic Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4144-4151. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengye Wang
- Department of Applied Physics and ‡Institute of Textiles & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lejuan Cai
- Department of Applied Physics and ‡Institute of Textiles & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Applied Physics and ‡Institute of Textiles & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feichi Zhou
- Department of Applied Physics and ‡Institute of Textiles & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang Xu
- Department of Applied Physics and ‡Institute of Textiles & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Tao
- Department of Applied Physics and ‡Institute of Textiles & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Chai
- Department of Applied Physics and ‡Institute of Textiles & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Kang JH, Moon J, Kim DJ, Kim Y, Jo I, Jeon C, Lee J, Hong BH. Strain Relaxation of Graphene Layers by Cu Surface Roughening. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:5993-5998. [PMID: 27627456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The surface morphology of copper (Cu) often changes after the synthesis of graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a Cu foil, which affects the electrical properties of graphene, as the Cu step bunches induce the periodic ripples on graphene that significantly disturb electrical conduction. However, the origin of the Cu surface reconstruction has not been completely understood yet. Here, we show that the compressive strain on graphene induced by the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficient with Cu surface can be released by forming periodic Cu step bunching that depends on graphene layers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images and the Raman analysis show the noticeably longer and higher step bunching of Cu surface under multilayer graphene and the weaker biaxial compressive strain on multilayer graphene compared to monolayer. We found that the surface areas of Cu step bunches under multilayer and monolayer graphene are increased by ∼1.41% and ∼0.77% compared to a flat surface, respectively, indicating that the compressive strain on multilayer graphene can be more effectively released by forming the Cu step bunching with larger area and longer periodicity. We believe that our finding on the strain relaxation of graphene layers by Cu step bunching formation would provide a crucial idea to enhance the electrical performance of graphene electrodes by controlling the ripple density of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyoun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Nano-Surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute , Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Kim
- Program in Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooseok Kim
- Advanced Nano-Surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute , Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Insu Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolho Jeon
- Advanced Nano-Surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute , Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jouhahn Lee
- Advanced Nano-Surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute , Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hee Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
- Program in Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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23
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Prinz J, Matković A, Pešić J, Gajić R, Bald I. Hybrid Structures for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering: DNA Origami/Gold Nanoparticle Dimer/Graphene. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5458-5467. [PMID: 27594092 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A combination of three innovative materials within one hybrid structure to explore the synergistic interaction of their individual properties is presented. The unique electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties of graphene are combined with the plasmonic properties of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) dimers, which are assembled using DNA origami nanostructures. This novel hybrid structure is characterized by means of correlated atomic force microscopy and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). It is demonstrated that strong interactions between graphene and AuNPs result in superior SERS performance of the hybrid structure compared to their individual components. This is particularly evident in efficient fluorescence quenching, reduced background, and a decrease of the photobleaching rate up to one order of magnitude. The versatility of DNA origami structures to serve as interface for complex and precise arrangements of nanoparticles and other functional entities provides the basis to further exploit the potential of the here presented DNA origami-AuNP dimer-graphene hybrid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Prinz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Matković
- Center for Solid State Physics and New Materials, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Pešić
- Center for Solid State Physics and New Materials, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radoš Gajić
- Center for Solid State Physics and New Materials, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ilko Bald
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Pan F, Liu J, Wang K, Zhang C, Cheng S, Lu L, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Zhi X, Zhang Q, Alfranca G, de la Fuente JM, Chen D, Cui D. Breath Analysis Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensors Distinguishes Early and Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients from Healthy Persons. ACS NANO 2016; 10:8169-79. [PMID: 27409521 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen volatile organic compound (VOC) biomarkers in the breath have been identified to distinguish early gastric cancer (EGC) and advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients from healthy persons by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with solid phase microextraction (SPME). Then, a breath analysis approach based on a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor was developed to detect these biomarkers. Utilizing hydrazine vapor adsorbed in graphene oxide (GO) film, the clean SERS sensor is facilely prepared by in situ formation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) without any organic stabilizer. In the SERS sensor, RGO can selectively adsorb and enrich the identified biomarkers from breath as an SPME fiber, and AuNPs well dispersed on RGO endow the SERS sensor with an effective detection of adsorbed biomarkers. Fourteen Raman bands associated with the biomarkers are selected as the fingerprints of biomarker patterns to distinguish persons in different states. The approach has successfully analyzed and distinguished different simulated breath samples and 200 breath samples of clinical patients with a sensitivity of higher than 83% and a specificity of more than 92%. In conclusion, the VOC biomarkers and breath analysis approach in this study can not only diagnose gastric cancer but also distinguish EGC and AGC. This work has great potential for clinical translation in primary screening diagnosis and stage determination of stomach cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 210040, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Lungen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Gabriel Alfranca
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA-CSIC), Universidad de Zaragoza , 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús M de la Fuente
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA-CSIC), Universidad de Zaragoza , 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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25
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Meyer-Holdt J, Kanne T, Sestoft JE, Gejl A, Zeng L, Johnson E, Olsson E, Nygård J, Krogstrup P. Ag-catalyzed InAs nanowires grown on transferable graphite flakes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:365603. [PMID: 27479073 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/36/365603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting nanowires grown by quasi-van-der-Waals epitaxy on graphite flakes are a new class of hybrid materials that hold promise for scalable nanostructured devices within opto-electronics. Here we report on high aspect ratio and stacking fault free Ag-seeded InAs nanowires grown on exfoliated graphite flakes by molecular beam epitaxy. Ag catalyzes the InAs nanowire growth selectively on the graphite flakes and not on the underlying InAs substrates. This allows for easy transfer of the flexible graphite flakes with as-grown nanowire ensembles to arbitrary substrates by a micro-needle manipulator. Besides the possibilities for fabricating novel nanostructure device designs, we show how this method is used to study the parasitic growth and bicrystal match between the graphite flake and the nanowires by transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Meyer-Holdt
- Nano-Science Center, Center for Quantum Devices and Station Q Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-Danish Center for Education & Research (SDC), Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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26
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Electrochemical co-deposition of reduced graphene oxide-gold nanocomposite on an ITO substrate and its application in the detection of dopamine. Sci China Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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One-pot synthesis of reduced graphene oxide supported gold-based nanomaterials as robust nanocatalysts for glucose electrooxidation. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.06.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Kumaresan V, Largeau L, Madouri A, Glas F, Zhang H, Oehler F, Cavanna A, Babichev A, Travers L, Gogneau N, Tchernycheva M, Harmand JC. Epitaxy of GaN Nanowires on Graphene. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4895-4902. [PMID: 27414518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial growth of GaN nanowires on graphene is demonstrated using molecular beam epitaxy without any catalyst or intermediate layer. Growth is highly selective with respect to silica on which the graphene flakes, grown by chemical vapor deposition, are transferred. The nanowires grow vertically along their c-axis and we observe a unique epitaxial relationship with the ⟨21̅1̅0⟩ directions of the wurtzite GaN lattice parallel to the directions of the carbon zigzag chains. Remarkably, the nanowire density and height decrease with increasing number of graphene layers underneath. We attribute this effect to strain and we propose a model for the nanowire density variation. The GaN nanowires are defect-free and they present good optical properties. This demonstrates that graphene layers transferred on amorphous carrier substrates is a promising alternative to bulk crystalline substrates for the epitaxial growth of high quality GaN nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnuvarthan Kumaresan
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Ludovic Largeau
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Ali Madouri
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Frank Glas
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Hezhi Zhang
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, UMR 8622 CNRS, University Paris Sud, University Paris-Saclay , 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Oehler
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Antonella Cavanna
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Andrey Babichev
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, UMR 8622 CNRS, University Paris Sud, University Paris-Saclay , 91405 Orsay cedex, France
- ITMO University , St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Laurent Travers
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Noelle Gogneau
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Maria Tchernycheva
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, UMR 8622 CNRS, University Paris Sud, University Paris-Saclay , 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Harmand
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay , F-91460 Marcoussis, France
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29
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Luo W, Zafeiratos S. Graphene-Coated ZnO and SiO2
as Supports for CoO Nanoparticles with Enhanced Reducibility. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3055-3061. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Luo
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), ECPM, UMR 7515 CNRS-; Université de Strasbourg; 25, rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02 France
| | - Spyridon Zafeiratos
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), ECPM, UMR 7515 CNRS-; Université de Strasbourg; 25, rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02 France
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30
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He H, Wang H, Li K, Zhu J, Liu J, Meng X, Shen X, Zeng X, Cai W. Green and Tunable Decoration of Graphene with Spherical Nanoparticles Based on Laser Ablation in Water: A Case of Ag Nanoparticle/Graphene Oxide Sheet Composites. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:1667-1673. [PMID: 26840791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple and green strategy is presented to decorate graphene with nanoparticles, based on laser ablation of targets in graphene auqeous solution. Ag and graphene oxide (GO) are chosen as model materials. The surface of GO sheets is strongly anchored with spherical Ag nanoparticles. The density and size of the Ag nanoparticles can be easily tuned by laser ablation conditions. Further, the GO sheets can be decorated with other nanoparticles from simple metals or semiconductors to multicomponent hybrids. Additionally, the Ag nanoparticle/GO sheet colloids can be utilized as blocks to build three-dimensional structures, such as sandwich membranes by evaporation-induced self-assembly. These graphene-based composite materials could be very useful in catalysis, sensors, and nanodevices. Particularly, the Ag nanoparticle/GO sheet sandwich composite membranes exhibit excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering performance and possess the huge potential in trace-detecting persistent organic pollutants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Jianshuang Liu
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Xiangdong Meng
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshuang Shen
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Xianghua Zeng
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Cai
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031, P. R. China
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31
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Fujigaya T, Kim C, Hamasaki Y, Nakashima N. Growth and Deposition of Au Nanoclusters on Polymer-wrapped Graphene and Their Oxygen Reduction Activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21314. [PMID: 26899591 PMCID: PMC4761968 DOI: 10.1038/srep21314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a non-Pt electrocatalyst with a high performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the central issues in polymer electrolyte fuel cells science. Au-nanoparticles (Au-NPs) with a diameter of <2 nm are one of the promising substitutes of Pt-NPs; however, it is still a challenge to synthesize such a small-sized Au-NPs with a narrow diameter distribution on a carbon support without using capping agents. We here describe a facile method to deposit uniform Au-NPs (diameter = 1.6 nm and 3.3 nm) on the stacked-graphene (<10 layers) coated with poly[2,2'-(2,6-pyridine)-5,5'-bibenzimidazole] without using any capping agents. The obtained Au-NPs exhibit an excellent ORR activity with the onset potential at -0.11 V and -0.09 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) for 1.6 nm and 3.3 nm, respectively. On the other hand, inhomogeneous Au-NPs with 4.6 nm in average diameter shows the onset potential at -0.15 V (vs. Ag/AgCl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyohiko Fujigaya
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-ICNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - ChaeRin Kim
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-ICNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuki Hamasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Nakashima
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-ICNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- JST-CREST, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan
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32
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Namsani S, Singh JK. Dewetting dynamics of a gold film on graphene: implications for nanoparticle formation. Faraday Discuss 2016; 186:153-70. [PMID: 26791560 DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00118h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of dewetting of gold films on graphene surfaces is investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. The effect of temperature (973-1533 K), film diameter (30-40 nm) and film thickness (0.5-3 nm) on the dewetting mechanism, leading to the formation of nanoparticles, is reported. The dewetting behavior for films ≤5 Å is in contrast to the behavior seen for thicker films. The retraction velocity, in the order of ∼300 m s(-1) for a 1 nm film, decreases with an increase in film thickness, whereas it increases with temperature. However at no point do nanoparticles detach from the surface within the temperature range considered in this work. We further investigated the self-assembly behavior of nanoparticles on graphene at different temperatures (673-1073 K). The process of self-assembly of gold nanoparticles is favorable at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures, based on the free-energy landscape analysis. Furthermore, the shape of an assembled structure is found to change from spherical to hexagonal, with a marked propensity towards an icosahedral structure based on the bond-orientational order parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadanandam Namsani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-2018016, India.
| | - Jayant K Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-2018016, India.
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33
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Kar P, Sardar S, Liu B, Sreemany M, Lemmens P, Ghosh S, Pal SK. Facile synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-gold nanohybrid for potential use in industrial waste-water treatment. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2016; 17:375-386. [PMID: 27877889 PMCID: PMC5101912 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2016.1201413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a facile approach, by the photochemical reduction technique, for in situ synthesis of Au-reduced graphene oxide (Au-RGO) nanohybrids, which demonstrate excellent adsorption capacities and recyclability for a broad range of dyes. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data confirm the successful synthesis of Au-RGO nanohybrids. The effect of several experimental parameters (temperature and pH) variation can effectively control the dye adsorption capability. Furthermore, kinetic adsorption data reveal that the adsorption process follows a pseudo second-order model. The negative value of Gibbs free energy (ΔG0) confirms spontaneity while the positive enthalpy (ΔH0) indicates the endothermic nature of the adsorption process. Picosecond resolved fluorescence technique unravels the excited state dynamical processes of dye molecules adsorbed on the Au-RGO surface. Time resolved fluorescence quenching of Rh123 after adsorption on Au-RGO nanohybrids indicates efficient energy transfer from Rh123 to Au nanoparticles. A prototype device has been fabricated using Au-RGO nanohybrids on a syringe filter (pore size: 0.220 μm) and the experimental data indicate efficient removal of dyes from waste water with high recyclability. The application of this nanohybrid may lead to the development of an efficient reusable adsorbent in portable water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Kar
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Samim Sardar
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Monjoy Sreemany
- Advanced Mechanical and Material Characterization Div., CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramics Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Peter Lemmens
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Corresponding authors. Emails: (P. Lemmens)
| | - Srabanti Ghosh
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India
- (S. Ghosh)
| | - Samir Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India
- (S. K. Pal)
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34
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Li X, Zhu J, Wei B. Hybrid nanostructures of metal/two-dimensional nanomaterials for plasmon-enhanced applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3145-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00195e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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35
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Spilarewicz-Stanek K, Kisielewska A, Ginter J, Bałuszyńska K, Piwoński I. Elucidation of the function of oxygen moieties on graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide in the nucleation and growth of silver nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10483e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the presented investigation was to study the differences in the decoration of graphene sheets, having various amounts of oxygen containing functional groups, with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Spilarewicz-Stanek
- University of Lodz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry
- 90-236 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Aneta Kisielewska
- University of Lodz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry
- 90-236 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Joanna Ginter
- University of Lodz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry
- 90-236 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Karolina Bałuszyńska
- University of Lodz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry
- 90-236 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Ireneusz Piwoński
- University of Lodz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry
- 90-236 Lodz
- Poland
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36
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Zhao Y, Wang G, Huang W, Fan X, Deng Y, Zhang J, Wei T, Duan R, Wang J, Sun L. Investigations on the wettability of graphene on a micron-scale hole array substrate. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13916c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
When graphene almost completely complies with the morphology of a SiO2 micron-scale hole array (MSHA) substrate, the effect of graphene's surface morphology to the wettability of graphene will be greatly facilitated by the regulation effect of MSHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Semiconductor Lighting Technology Research and Development Center
- Institute of Semiconductors
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Huang
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Microsystems
- Mechanical Engineering College
- Shijiazhuang 050003
- China
| | - Xiaokun Fan
- School of Mechanical Electronic & Information Engineering
- China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing)
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Ya Deng
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tongbo Wei
- Semiconductor Lighting Technology Research and Development Center
- Institute of Semiconductors
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Ruifei Duan
- Semiconductor Lighting Technology Research and Development Center
- Institute of Semiconductors
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Junxi Wang
- Semiconductor Lighting Technology Research and Development Center
- Institute of Semiconductors
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Lianfeng Sun
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
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37
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Kocherlakota LS, Krajina BA, Overney RM. Communication: Local energetic analysis of the interfacial and surface energies of graphene from the single layer to graphite. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:241105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4939248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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38
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Li J, Yin D, Li Q, Chen C, Huang S, Wang Z. A dewetting route to grow heterostructured nanoparticles based on thin film heterojunctions. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:19977-19984. [PMID: 26565804 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07016c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructured nanoparticles have received considerable attention for their various applications due to their unique and tunable functionalities with respect to their individual bulk constituents. However, the current wet chemical synthesis of multicomponent heterostructured nanoparticles is rather complicated. Here, we report a simple and quick method to fabricate Co-Au dumbbell arrays by dewetting Co/Au heterojunctions on a Si substrate and demonstrate that the Co-Au dumbbells vary in size from 2 to 28 nm. We further show by chemical mapping that Co bells are covered by a pseudomorphic Au wetting layer of ∼4 Å, preventing the bells from oxidation. By controlling the thickness of metal heterojunctions and the annealing time, the morphology of the Co-Au nanoparticle is found to be transformed from the dumbbell to the core shell. This facile route is demonstrated to be useful for fabricating other metal-metal and metal-oxide heterostructures and hence holds technological promise for functional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai 200062, China.
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39
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Abstract
Graphene, a one-atomic-layer-thick planar sheet of sp(2)-bonded carbon configured in a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice, has attracted considerable research interest with regard to sensing-related applications owing to its extraordinary electronic, optical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Graphene plasmonics may be excited in the mid-infrared-to-terahertz regions with high spatial confinement, low loss, and excellent tunability. Meanwhile, graphene can be utilized to tune the plasmonic properties of conventional metallic nanostructures in the visible and near-infrared regions, allowing it to act as a versatile component in various plasmonic applications. This article reviews the recent progress in graphene-based hybrid films used for plasmonic sensing and detection. We particularly emphasize on the unique roles and advantages of graphene in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for bare graphene or graphene-metal hybrid films, and plasmonic refractive index (RI) sensing for graphene-metal or graphene-insulator hybrids, among other plasmonic sensing applications. The preparation of graphene-based hybrid films, their functionalization and signal detection techniques are also reviewed. Finally, the perspectives and current challenges in the use of graphene-based hybrid films for plasmonic sensing are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jin Zhai Rd, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, P. R. China.
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40
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Systematic Study on the Self-Assembled Hexagonal Au Voids, Nano-Clusters and Nanoparticles on GaN (0001). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134637. [PMID: 26285135 PMCID: PMC4540317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Au nano-clusters and nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely utilized in various electronic, optoelectronic, and bio-medical applications due to their great potentials. The size, density and configuration of Au NPs play a vital role in the performance of these devices. In this paper, we present a systematic study on the self-assembled hexagonal Au voids, nano-clusters and NPs fabricated on GaN (0001) by the variation of annealing temperature and deposition amount. At relatively low annealing temperatures between 400 and 600°C, the fabrication of hexagonal shaped Au voids and Au nano-clusters are observed and discussed based on the diffusion limited aggregation model. The size and density of voids and nano-clusters can systematically be controlled. The self-assembled Au NPs are fabricated at comparatively high temperatures from 650 to 800°C based on the Volmer-Weber growth model and also the size and density can be tuned accordingly. The results are symmetrically analyzed and discussed in conjunction with the diffusion theory and thermodynamics by utilizing AFM and SEM images, EDS maps and spectra, FFT power spectra, cross-sectional line-profiles and size and density plots.
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41
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Zhou H, Yu F, Guo CF, Wang Z, Lan Y, Wang G, Fang Z, Liu Y, Chen S, Sun L, Ren Z. Well-oriented epitaxial gold nanotriangles and bowties on MoS2 for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:9153-9157. [PMID: 25928175 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00242g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on epitaxial growth of Au nanotriangles (AuNTs) and bowties consisting of opposing tip-to-tip AuNTs with a few-nanometer gap on n-layer MoS2. These AuNTs exhibit well-defined crystallographic orientations with the average size determined by the MoS2 thickness. Monolayer (1L) MoS2 shows the weakest coalescence, corroborating the layer-dependent interactions among Au and n-layer MoS2. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy characterization confirms the lattice directing of thin MoS2 sheets on the AuNT formation with [111]Au||[001]MoS2 and <211>Au||<210>MoS(2). By introducing misfit dislocation arrays, the system with an 8.8% lattice misfit is stress-free. In particular, subwavelength-sized gold bowtie nanoantennas can be easily found on the MoS2 surface with a spacing gap down to 3 nm and a density up to 1.6 × 10(13) m(-2). This technique is low cost, time-saving and free of impurities compared to the conventional lithography technologies. Meanwhile, the equilateral AuNTs can enhance Raman signals of thin MoS2 sheets far stronger than that by ordinary gold films, indicating the potential use of AuNTs as SERS substrates for SERS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Zhou
- Department of Physics and TcSUH, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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42
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Pandey P, Sui M, Li MY, Zhang Q, Kim ES, Lee J. Shape transformation of self-assembled Au nanoparticles by the systematic control of deposition amount on sapphire (0001). RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07631e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The shape and size dependent optical, physical and chemical properties of isotropic and anisotropic gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have attracted significant research interest for their application in various optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puran Pandey
- College of Electronics and Information
- Kwangwoon University
- Seoul 139-701
- South Korea
| | - Mao Sui
- College of Electronics and Information
- Kwangwoon University
- Seoul 139-701
- South Korea
| | - Ming-Yu Li
- College of Electronics and Information
- Kwangwoon University
- Seoul 139-701
- South Korea
| | - Quanzhen Zhang
- College of Electronics and Information
- Kwangwoon University
- Seoul 139-701
- South Korea
| | - Eun-Soo Kim
- College of Electronics and Information
- Kwangwoon University
- Seoul 139-701
- South Korea
| | - Jihoon Lee
- College of Electronics and Information
- Kwangwoon University
- Seoul 139-701
- South Korea
- Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering
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43
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Cai Q, Li LH, Yu Y, Liu Y, Huang S, Chen Y, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T. Boron nitride nanosheets as improved and reusable substrates for gold nanoparticles enabled surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:7761-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00532a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Boron nitride nanosheets covered by gold nanoparticles are controllably fabricated for highly-sensitive and reusable substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiran Cai
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Waurn Ponds
- Australia
| | - Lu Hua Li
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Waurn Ponds
- Australia
| | - Yuanlie Yu
- Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center
- King Abdullah University of Science & Technology
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yun Liu
- Research School of Chemistry
- The Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Shaoming Huang
- Nanomaterials and Chemistry Key Laboratory
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325027
- China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Waurn Ponds
- Australia
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44
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Zhao Y, Zeng W, Tao Z, Xiong P, Qu Y, Zhu Y. Highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering based on multi-dimensional plasmonic coupling in Au-graphene-Ag hybrids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 51:866-9. [PMID: 25429404 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07937j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report an efficient surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate by utilizing the multi-dimensional plasmonic coupling in Au nanoparticle (NP)-graphene-Ag NP hybrid structures. An ultrasensitive SERS detection with a limit of down to 10(-13) M has been achieved when the sandwiched hybrid film is fabricated on an Ag substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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45
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Zhao Y, Chen G, Du Y, Xu J, Wu S, Qu Y, Zhu Y. Plasmonic-enhanced Raman scattering of graphene on growth substrates and its application in SERS. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:13754-60. [PMID: 25285780 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04225e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We detail a facile method for enhancing the Raman signals of as-grown graphene on Cu foils by depositing gold nanoislands (Au Nis) onto the surface of graphene. It is found that an enhancement of up to 49 fold in the graphene Raman signal has been achieved by depositing a 4 nm thick Au film. The enhancement is considered to be related to the coupling between graphene and the plasmon modes of Au Nis, as confirmed by the finite element simulations. The plasmonic effect of the Au/graphene/Cu hybrid platform leads to a strong absorption at the resonant wavelength whose position shifts from visible light (640 nm) to near-infrared (1085 nm) when the thickness of Au films is increased from 2 nm to 18 nm. Finally, we demonstrate that hybrid substrates are reliable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) systems, showing an enhancement factor of ∼10(6) for dye molecules Rhodamine B and Rhodamine 6G with uniform and stable response and a detection limit of as low as 0.1 nM for Sudan III and Sudan IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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Kuo CC, Chen CH. Graphene thickness-controlled photocatalysis and surface enhanced Raman scattering. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:12805-12813. [PMID: 25226177 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03877k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Exceptional photocatalytic enhancement of graphene-semiconductor composites has been widely reported, but our understanding of the role that graphene plays in this enhancement remains limited, which arises from the difficulty of precisely controlling graphene hybridization. Here we present a general platform of a graphene-semiconductor hybrid panel (GHP) system wherein a precise number of layers of graphene are hybridized with photoactive semiconductors (e.g. TiO2, ZnO) to study systematically how graphene affects the photocatalysis. The results show that the graphene enhancement of the photocatalysis depends on the number of graphene layers, with the maximum performance observed at 3 layers. Photodeposited indicators of gold particles further reveal that graphene thickness governs the density of photocatalytic sites and charge transfer efficiency at the graphene-semiconductor interfaces. We suggest that quantized energy levels caused by different numbers of stacked graphene sheets along the vector normal to the graphene basal plane affect the charge transfer routes and lead to the graphene thickness-controlled photocatalysis. GHP substrates deposited with gold particles are promising, uniform substrates for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications with the enhancement factor as high as ∼10(8) on 3-layer graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chi Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
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Growth mechanism of metal-oxide nanowires synthesized by electron beam evaporation: a self-catalytic vapor-liquid-solid process. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6589. [PMID: 25300518 PMCID: PMC5377458 DOI: 10.1038/srep06589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the growth mechanism of metal oxide nanostructures synthesized by electron beam evaporation. The condensed electron beam can easily decompose metal oxide sources that have a high melting point, thereby creating a self-catalytic metal nanodot for the vapor-liquid-solid process. The metal oxide nanostructures can be grown at a temperature just above the melting point of the self-catalyst by dissolving oxygen. The morphology of nanostructures, such as density and uniformity, strongly depends on the surface energy and surface migration energy of the substrate. The density of the self-catalytic metal nanodots increased with decreasing surface energies of the substrate due to the perfect wetting phenomenon of the catalytic materials on the high surface energy substrate. However, the surfaces with extremely low surface energy had difficulty producing the high density of self-catalyst nanodot, due to positive line tension, which increases the contact angle to >180°. Moreover, substrates with low surface migration energy, such as single layer graphene, make nanodots agglomerate to produce a less-uniform distribution compared to those produced on multi-layer graphene with high surface migration energy.
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Yu SU, Park B, Cho Y, Hyun S, Kim JK, Kim KS. Simultaneous visualization of graphene grain boundaries and wrinkles with structural information by gold deposition. ACS NANO 2014; 8:8662-8668. [PMID: 25117455 DOI: 10.1021/nn503550d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although line defects such as grain boundaries (GBs) and wrinkles are unavoidable in graphene, difficulties in identification preclude studying their impact on electronic and mechanical properties. As previous methods focus on a single type of line defect, simultaneous measurements of both GBs and wrinkles with detailed structural information have not been reported. Here, we introduce effective visualization of both line defects by controlled gold deposition. Upon depositing gold on graphene, single lines and double lines of gold nanoparticles (NPs) are formed along GBs and wrinkles, respectively. Moreover, it is possible to analyze whether a GB is stitched or overlapped, whether a wrinkle is standing or folded, and the width of the standing collapsed wrinkle. Theoretical calculations show that the characteristic morphology of gold NPs is due to distinct binding energies of line defects, which are correlated to disrupting diffusion of NPs. Our approach could be further exploited to investigate the defect structures of other two-dimensional materials.
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Nguyen KT, Zhao Y. Integrated graphene/nanoparticle hybrids for biological and electronic applications. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:6245-6266. [PMID: 24752364 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00612g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel graphene/nanoparticle hybrid materials is currently the subject of tremendous research interest. The intrinsic exceptional assets of both graphene (including graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide) and nanoparticles render their hybrid materials synergic properties that can be useful in various applications. In this feature review, we highlight recent developments in graphene/nanoparticle hybrids and their promising potential in electronic and biological applications. First, the latest advances in synthetic methods for the preparation of the graphene/nanoparticle hybrids are introduced, with the emphasis on approaches to (1) decorate nanoparticles onto two-dimensional graphene and (2) wrap nanoparticles with graphene sheets. The pros and cons of large-scale synthesis are also discussed. Then, the state-of-the-art of graphene/nanoparticle hybrids in electronic and biological applications is reviewed. For electronic applications, we focus on the advantages of using these hybrids in transparent conducting films, as well as energy harvesting and storage. Biological applications, electrochemical biosensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery using the hybrids are showcased. Finally, the future research prospects and challenges in this rapidly developing area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Truc Nguyen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore.
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A 3D insight on the catalytic nanostructuration of few-layer graphene. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4109. [PMID: 24916201 PMCID: PMC4082640 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic cutting of few-layer graphene is nowadays a hot topic in materials research due to its potential applications in the catalysis field and the graphene nanoribbons fabrication. We show here a 3D analysis of the nanostructuration of few-layer graphene by iron-based nanoparticles under hydrogen flow. The nanoparticles located at the edges or attached to the steps on the FLG sheets create trenches and tunnels with orientations, lengths and morphologies defined by the crystallography and the topography of the carbon substrate. The cross-sectional analysis of the 3D volumes highlights the role of the active nanoparticle identity on the trench size and shape, with emphasis on the topographical stability of the basal planes within the resulting trenches and channels, no matter the obstacle encountered. The actual study gives a deep insight on the impact of nanoparticles morphology and support topography on the 3D character of nanostructures built up by catalytic cutting. The nanostructuration of graphene by catalytic cutting using iron oxide nanoparticles leads to the formation of well-defined trenches and tunnels. Here, the authors use electron microscopy to investigate this process in three dimensions and to gain insight into the formation and nature of these nanostructures.
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