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Lou XY, Zhang S, Wang Y, Yang YW. Smart organic materials based on macrocycle hosts. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6644-6663. [PMID: 37661759 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00506b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Innovative design of smart organic materials is of great importance for the advancement of modern technology. Macrocycle hosts, possessing cyclic skeletons, intrinsic cavities, and specific guest binding properties, have demonstrated pronounced potential for the elaborate fabrication of a variety of functional organic materials with smart stimuli-responsive characteristics. In this tutorial review, we outline the current development of smart organic materials based on macrocycle hosts as key building blocks, focusing on the design principles and functional mechanisms of the tailored systems. Three main types of macrocycle-based smart organic materials are exemplified as follows according to the distinct forms of construction patterns: (1) supramolecular polymeric materials and nanoassemblies; (2) adaptive molecular crystals; (3) smart porous organic materials. The responsive performances of macrocycle-containing smart materials in versatile aspects, including mechanically adaptive polymers, soft optoelectronic devices, data encryption, drug delivery systems, artificial transmembrane channels, crystalline-state gas adsorption/separation, and fluorescence sensing, are illustrated by discussing the representative studies as paradigms, where the roles of macrocycles in these systems are highlighted. We also provide in the conclusion part the perspectives and remaining challenges in this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Lou
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
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2
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Lai S, Wang K, Liu M, Tong J, Guan X. Unorthodox β-Cyclodextrin-Based AIE-Active Probes for Living Cell Imaging in the Absence of Fluorophore Units and Related Mechanism Exploration. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoujun Lai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Arts and Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Kailong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Ministry of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
| | - Meina Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Ministry of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Tong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Ministry of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Ministry of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
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3
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Kordopati GG, Tsivgoulis GM. Amino cyclodextrin per-O-methylation: Synthesis of 3-monoamino-permethylated derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Cheng JG, Yu HJ, Chen Y, Liu Y. Selective binding and controlled release of anticancer drugs by polyanionic cyclodextrins. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2287-2290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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Vurgun N, Nitz M. Highly Functionalized β-Cyclodextrins by Solid-Supported Synthesis. Chemistry 2018; 24:4459-4467. [PMID: 29389050 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Using covalent capture, a high yielding selective mono-functionalization of heptakis-[6-deoxy-6-(2-aminoethylsulfanyl)]-β-CD with a 5-mercaptopentyl functional group has been achieved. Here, we demonstrate the immobilization of the mono-thiol functionalized β-CD on PEGA resin via a disulfide bond, enabling solid-phase elaboration of the remaining six primary amines. To showcase the potential of this method, the amines were elaborated to tripeptides through standard Fmoc-peptide chemistry. A small library of CD-tripeptide conjugates was generated which, when reduced from the solid support, could be tagged at the released thiol with an environmentally sensitive fluorophore. The resulting library of sensors showed potential for the differential sensing of various bile salts. The described methodology provides a rapid and versatile route to synthesize highly functionalized libraries of CD derivatives that may be tailored towards applications in sensing, catalysis, and multivalent displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Vurgun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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Kovalenko EA, Pashkina EA, Kanazhevskaya LY, Masliy AN, Kozlov VA. Chemical and biological properties of a supramolecular complex of tuftsin and cucurbit[7]uril. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 47:199-205. [PMID: 28427014 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) is an uncharged and water-soluble macrocyclic host. CB7 binds to doubly protonated tuftsin, which is the tetrapeptide Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg, with moderate affinity (Ka=2.1×103M-1). In this study, the host-guest complexation was confirmed by fluorescence titration. This affinity would allow for easy release of the peptide under physiological conditions. According to density functional theory calculations, the structural binding motif involves hydrogen bonding. The most energetically stable form had the Arg side chain inside the CB7 cavity. The effects of the tuftsin-CB7 complex on the proliferation and cytokine activity of immune cells were studied. The complex had broader spectrum immunomodulation than free peptides, and caused statistically significant (p<0,05) changes in cytokine production (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2, interferon-γ, and interleukin-10) by mononuclear cells. By contrast, the free peptide only activated tumor necrosis factor-α production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Kovalenko
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina A Pashkina
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 14 Yadrintsevskaya St, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia.
| | - Lyubov Y Kanazhevskaya
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Alexey N Masliy
- Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 K. Marx St., Kazan 420015, Russia.
| | - Vladimir A Kozlov
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 14 Yadrintsevskaya St, Novosibirsk 630099, Russia.
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Lartia R, Jankowski CK, Arseneau S. On the synthesis of cyclodextrin-peptide conjugates by the Huisgen reaction. J Pept Sci 2017; 22:511-6. [PMID: 27443976 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A,D-substituted cyclodextrin (CDX) substituted on their primary rim side are ideal scaffolds for the macromolecular assembly and formation of templated structures. Their substitution can be achieved through various reactions. However, the use of the well-known Huisgen reaction in this context is under-reported. We present here results of the synthesis of model conjugates formed between CDX and representative peptides by click chemistry. Notably, bis-conjugation of peptides onto a unique scaffold promotes α-helix formation. Copyright © 2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Lartia
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Département de Chimie Moléculaire, 570 rue de la chimie, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sébastien Arseneau
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
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8
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Stephenson RJ, Wolber F, Plieger PG, Harding DRK. Synthesis and Characterization of Bradykinin Derivatives Based on a β-Cyclodextrin Core. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mono-6A-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonylamino-mono-6X-succinyl-β-cyclodextrin (1), an amino acid-based bi-functionalized derivative of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), has been functionalized with the bioactive peptide, bradykinin and/or sulfonamides using fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). The all-in-one molecule contains a carrier (cyclodextrin), targeting agent (bradykinin), and/or model drug (sulfonamide). Varying combinations of these bradykinin-focussed molecules have been synthesized using Fmoc SPPS on Rink amide resin. The positioning of the sulfonamide group, the bradykinin peptide and the cyclodextrin carrier are essential for biological activity. The inclusion of spacers is also important. Structure–activity studies performed on three cancer cell lines in vitro support these conclusions.
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Elshan NGRD, Jayasundera T, Weber CS, Lynch RM, Mash EA. Development of a time-resolved fluorescence probe for evaluation of competitive binding to the cholecystokinin 2 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1841-8. [PMID: 25769518 PMCID: PMC4380538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and use of Eu-DTPA-PEGO-Trp-Nle-Asp-Phe-NH2 (Eu-DTPA-PEGO-CCK4), a luminescent probe targeted to cholecystokinin 2 receptor (CCK2R, aka CCKBR), are described. The probe was prepared by solid phase synthesis. A Kd value of 17±2nM was determined by means of saturation binding assays using HEK-293 cells that overexpress CCK2R. The probe was then used in competitive binding assays against Ac-CCK4 and three new trivalent CCK4 compounds. Repeatable and reproducible binding assay results were obtained. Given its ease of synthesis, purification, receptor binding properties, and utility in competitive binding assays, Eu-DTPA-PEGO-CCK4 could become a standard tool for high-throughput screening of compounds in development targeted to cholecystokinin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G R Dayan Elshan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA
| | | | - Craig S Weber
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5051, USA
| | - Ronald M Lynch
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5051, USA; The Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0240, USA
| | - Eugene A Mash
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA.
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10
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Pal K, Mallick S, Koner AL. Complexation induced fluorescence and acid–base properties of dapoxyl dye with γ-cyclodextrin: a drug-binding application using displacement assays. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:16015-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01696g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The drug binding ability of γ-cyclodextrin in physiological conditions is evaluated experimentally and computationally via the dye displacement principle using dapoxyl dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal
- India
| | - Suman Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal
- India
| | - Apurba L. Koner
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal
- India
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11
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Kordopati GG, Tselios TV, Kellici T, Merzel F, Mavromoustakos T, Grdadolnik SG, Tsivgoulis GM. A novel synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue coupled with modified β-cyclodextrin: insight into its intramolecular interactions. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:159-68. [PMID: 25450179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclodextrins (CDs) in combination with therapeutic proteins and other bioactive compounds have been proposed as candidates that show enhanced chemical and enzymatic stability, better absorption, slower plasma clearance and improved dose-response curves or immunogenicity. As a result, an important number of therapeutic complexes between cyclodextrins and bioactive compounds capable to control several diseases have been developed. RESULTS In this article, the synthesis and the structural study of a conjugate between a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue, related to the treatment of hormone dependent cancer and fertility, and modified β-cyclodextrin residue are presented. The results show that both the phenyl group of tyrosine (Tyr) as well as the indole group of tryptophan (Trp) can be encapsulated inside the cyclodextrin cavity. Solution NMR experiments provide evidence that these interactions take place intramolecularly and not intermolecularly. CONCLUSIONS The study of a LHRH analogue conjugated with modified β-cyclodextrin via high field NMR and MD experiments revealed the existence of intramolecular interactions that could lead to an improved drug delivery. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE NMR in combination with MD simulation is of great value for a successful rational design of peptide-cyclodextrin conjugates showing stability against enzymatic proteolysis and a better pharmacological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tahsin Kellici
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Chemistry, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Franci Merzel
- National Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Biomolecular Structure, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Chemistry, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Simona Golic Grdadolnik
- National Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Biomolecular Structure, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia; EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Dunajska 156, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
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12
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Gavvala K, Sengupta A, Hazra P. Modulation of Photophysics and pKaShift of the Anti-cancer Drug Camptothecin in the Nanocavities of Supramolecular Hosts. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:532-42. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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Grasso GI, Bellia F, Arena G, Vecchio G, Rizzarelli E. Noncovalent Interaction-Driven Stereoselectivity of Copper(II) Complexes with Cyclodextrin Derivatives of l- and d-Carnosine. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:4917-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200132a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Ida Grasso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Bellia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Graziella Vecchio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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14
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Kim HY, Sohn J, Wijewickrama GT, Edirisinghe P, Gherezghiher T, Hemachandra M, Lu PY, Chandrasena RE, Molloy ME, Tonetti DA, Thatcher GRJ. Click synthesis of estradiol-cyclodextrin conjugates as cell compartment selective estrogens. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 18:809-21. [PMID: 20031420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin (CD) is a well known drug carrier and excipient for enhancing aqueous solubility. CDs themselves are anticipated to have low membrane permeability because of relatively high hydrophilicity and molecular weight. CD derivatization with 17-beta estradiol (E(2)) was explored extensively using a number of different click chemistries and the cell membrane permeability of synthetic CD-E(2) conjugate was explored by cell reporter assays and confocal fluorescence microscopy. In simile with reported dendrimer-E(2) conjugates, CD-E(2) was found to be a stable, extranuclear receptor selective estrogen that penetrated into the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeong Kim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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15
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Bellia F, La Mendola D, Pedone C, Rizzarelli E, Saviano M, Vecchio G. Selectively functionalized cyclodextrins and their metal complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:2756-81. [PMID: 19690752 DOI: 10.1039/b718436k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligomers of alpha-1,4-linked D-glucopyranose. Due to their unique structure, marked by a chiral and hydrophobic cavity, CDs have been extensively used as chiral selectors and drug delivery systems. The functionalization both improve the CD applications and widen their use in many other fields, such as molecular recognition and enzyme mimicking. Moreover, the functionalization highly increases the metal binding properties of the CDs. This critical review is a report of recent applications concerning the CD derivatives and their metal complexes. The metal ion assists the host-guest interaction often increasing the properties of CDs to act as chiral receptors. Furthermore, it can act as a catalytic center in the mimicking of metalloenzymes based on functionalized CDs (164 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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Bonomo RP, D’Alessandro F, Grasso G, Impellizzeri G, Pappalardo G, Rizzarelli E, Tabbì G. Carcinine-β-cyclodextrin derivatives as scavenger entities of OH radicals and SOD-like properties of their copper(II) complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2007.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Bertolla C, Rolin S, Evrard B, Pochet L, Masereel B. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a new targeted drug carrier system: β-Cyclodextrin coupled to oxytocin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1855-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Bellia F, Amorini AM, La Mendola D, Vecchio G, Tavazzi B, Giardina B, Di Pietro V, Lazzarino G, Rizzarelli E. New glycosidic derivatives of histidine-containing dipeptides with antioxidant properties and resistant to carnosinase activity. Eur J Med Chem 2007; 43:373-80. [PMID: 17548130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, antioxidant properties and resistance to carnosinase hydrolysis of histidine-containing dipeptides are reported in this study. Carnosine (beta-alanyl-l-histidine), homocarnosine (gamma-aminobutyryl-l-histidine) and anserine (beta-alanyl-3-methyl-l-histidine) were covalently derivatized with beta-cyclodextrin to form different OH- or NH-bound conjugates. Mass spectroscopic and (1)H NMR data were used to determine the structure and the purity of the various beta-cyclodextrin derivatives. The inhibitory effect towards oxidation of human LDL induced by Cu(2+) ions, was estimated by measuring malondialdehyde formation as a function of increasing concentrations of these newly synthesized compounds (the beta-cyclodextrin-anserine conjugated in 3 had the highest antioxidant effect). All derivatives had higher antioxidant effects than those of the corresponding free histidine-containing dipeptides. Resistance to rat brain carnosinase hydrolysis of the most active derivatives indicated that these compounds are good candidates for further studies in more complex cellular and animal models. Their possible applications for remedies in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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19
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Amorini AM, Bellia F, Di Pietro V, Giardina B, La Mendola D, Lazzarino G, Sortino S, Tavazzi B, Rizzarelli E, Vecchio G. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of new homocarnosine beta-cyclodextrin conjugates. Eur J Med Chem 2007; 42:910-20. [PMID: 17336428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 12/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that carnosine (beta-alanil-L-histidine) and homocarnosine (beta-aminobutyril-L-histidine) can act as scavengers of reactive oxygen species. beta-Cyclodextrin was functionalized with homocarnosine, obtaining the following new bioconjugate isomers: 6(A)-[(4-{[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]amino}-4-oxobutyl)amino]-6(A)-deoxy-beta-cyclodextrin and (2(A)S,3(A)R)-3A-[(4-{[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]amino}-4-oxobutyl)amino]-3(A)-deoxy-beta-cyclodextrin. Pulse radiolysis investigations show that the beta-cyclodextrin homocarnosine bioconjugates are scavengers of (*)OH radicals because of the formation of stable imidazole-centered radicals and the scavenger ability of glucose molecules of the macrocycle. The ability of these new beta-cyclodextrin derivatives to inhibit the copper(II) driven LDL oxidation was determined in comparison with that displayed by the analogous carnosine derivatives. Both the beta-cyclodextrin carnosine isomers show a higher protective effect than that of free dipeptide and homocarnosine derivatives, bringing into light the role of the beta-CD cavity. The ability of these new beta-cyclodextrin derivatives to inhibit the copper(II) driven LDL oxidation was determined in comparison with that displayed by the analogous carnosine derivatives. Both the beta-cyclodextrin carnosine isomers show a higher protective effect than that of free dipeptide and homocarnosine derivatives, bringing into light the role of the beta-CD cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Amorini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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20
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Harries D, Rau DC, Parsegian VA. Solutes probe hydration in specific association of cyclodextrin and adamantane. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:2184-90. [PMID: 15713096 DOI: 10.1021/ja045541t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using microcalorimetry, we follow changes in the association free energy of beta-cyclodextrin (CD) with the hydrophobic part of adamantane carboxylate (AD) due to added salt or polar (net-neutral) solutes that are excluded from the molecular interacting surfaces. Changes in binding constants with solution osmotic pressure (water activity) translate into changes in the preferential hydration upon complex formation. We find that these changes correspond to a release of 15-25 solute-excluding waters upon CD/AD association. Reflecting the preferential interaction of solute with reactants versus products, we find that changes in hydration depend on the type of solute used. All solutes used here result in a large change in the enthalpy of the CD-AD binding reaction. In one class of solutes, the corresponding entropy change is much smaller, while in the other class, the entropy change almost fully compensates the solute-specific enthalpy. For many of the solutes, the number of waters released correlates well with their effect on air-water surface tensions. We corroborate these results using vapor pressure osmometry to probe individually the hydration of reactants and products of association, and we discuss the possible interactions and forces between cosolute and hydrophobic surfaces responsible for different kinds of solute exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Harries
- Laboratory of Physical and Structural Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0924, USA.
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21
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Roa-Morales G, Ramírez-Silva M, González R, Galicia L, Romero-Romo M. Electrochemical Characterization and Determination of Mercury Using Carbon Paste Electrodes Modified with Cyclodextrins. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200403099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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22
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Roa-Morales G, Galicia L, Rojas-Hernández A, Ramírez-Silva MT. Electrochemical study on the selective formation of [Pb(cyclodextrin)2+]surface inclusion complexes at the carbon paste electrode/ClO4− 1M interphase. Electrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Liu Y, Yang YW, Chen Y, Ding F. Efficient fluorescent sensors of oligopeptides by dithiobis(2-benzoylamide)-bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin)s: structure in solution, binding behavior, and thermodynamic origin. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:963-71. [PMID: 15670904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2004] [Revised: 11/22/2004] [Accepted: 11/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two 6,6'-bis(beta-cyclodextrin)s linked by 2,2'-dithiobis[2-(benzoylamino)ethyleneamino] and 2,2'-dithiobis[2-(benzoylamino)diethylenetriamino] bridges (1 and 2) have been synthesized as cooperative multipoint recognition receptor models for non-aromatic oligopeptides. Their structures in solution and inclusion complexation mechanism are comprehensively investigated by means of circular dichroism, 2D NMR spectra and temperature-dependent fluorescence titrations. The results show that the cooperative 'host-linker-guest' binding mode and the extensive desolvation effect jointly contribute to the guest-induced fluorescence enhancement of bis(beta-cyclodextrin)s. Further examinations on the binding behavior of hosts 1-2 with a series of di- and tri-peptides demonstrate that bis(beta-cyclodextrin) 1 can recognize not only the size/shape of oligopeptides but also the dipeptide sequence, giving an exciting residue selectivity up to 37.5 for Gly-Gly-Gly/Glu-Glu pair and a high sequence selectivity up to 5.0 for Gly-Leu/Leu-Gly pair. These fairly good selectivities are discussed from the viewpoint of cooperative binding, multiple recognition and induced-fit interactions between host and guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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24
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Abstract
Monosaccharides and amino acids are fundamental building blocks in the assembly of nature's polymers. They have different structural aspects and, to a significant extent, different functional groups. Oligomerization gives rise to oligosaccharides and peptides, respectively. While carbohydrates and peptides can be found conjoined in nature, e.g., in glycopeptides, the aim of this review is the radical redesign of peptide structures using carbohydrates, particularly monosaccharides and cyclic oligosaccharides, to produce novel peptides, peptidomimetics, and abiotic proteins. These hybrid molecules, chimeras, have properties arising largely from the combination of structural characteristics of carbohydrates with the functional group diversity of peptides. This field includes de novo designed synthetic glycopeptides, sugar (carbohydrate) amino acids, carbohydrate scaffolds for nonpeptidal peptidomimetics of cyclic peptides, cyclodextrin functionalized peptides, and carboproteins, i.e., carbohydrate-based proteinmimetics. These successful applications demonstrate the general utility of carbohydrates in peptide and protein architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knud J Jensen
- Department of Natural Sciences, Section for Bioorganic Chemistry, KVL, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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25
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Liu Y, Zhao YL, Chen Y, Ding F, Chen GS. Binding Behavior of Aliphatic Oligopeptides by Bridged and Metallobridged Bis(β-cyclodextrin)s Bearing an Oxamido Bis(2-benzoic) Carboxyl Linker. Bioconjug Chem 2004; 15:1236-45. [PMID: 15546189 DOI: 10.1021/bc049870m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
beta-Cyclodextrin dimers bearing an oxamido bis(2-benzoic) carboxyl linker (1) or its metal complexes (2 and 3) were newly synthesized, and their inclusion complexation behavior with a series of representative aliphatic oligopeptides, i.e., Leu-Gly, Gly-Leu, Gly-Pro, Glu-Glu, Gly-Gly, Gly-Gly-Gly, and Glu(Cys-Gly), was elucidated by means of UV/vis, circular dichroism, fluorescence, and 2D NMR spectroscopy in Tris-HCl buffer solution (pH 7.4) at 25 degrees C. The results obtained indicated that metallobridged bis(beta-cyclodextrin)s 2 or 3 could significantly enhance the original molecular binding abilities of parent bis(beta-cyclodextrin) 1 toward model substrates through the cooperative binding of two cyclodextrin moieties and the additional chelation effect supplied by the coordinated metal centers. It is interesting that hosts 2 and 3 displayed an entirely different fluorescence behavior upon complexation with guest oligopeptides. Among the guest peptides examined, 3 showed the highest complex formation constant of 68 200 M(-)(1) for Glu-Glu, up to 510-fold as compared with 1 (135 M(-)(1)), while 1 gave excellent molecular selectivity for Glu(Cys-Gly)/Glu-Glu pair, up to 51-fold. The molecular binding ability and selectivity were discussed from the viewpoints of the induced-fit and multiple recognition mechanism between host and guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
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26
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Benito JM, Gómez-García M, Ortiz Mellet C, Baussanne I, Defaye J, García Fernández JM. Optimizing Saccharide-Directed Molecular Delivery to Biological Receptors: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Glycodendrimer−Cyclodextrin Conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:10355-63. [PMID: 15315450 DOI: 10.1021/ja047864v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) derivatives bearing multivalent mannosyl ligands have been prepared and assessed for their binding efficiency toward the tetrameric plant lectin concanavalin A (Con A) and a mammalian mannose/fucose specific cell surface receptor from macrophages. The synthetic strategy exploits the reactivity between isothiocyanate and amine functionalities for the high-yielding assembly via thioureido links of the various building blocks, including host, spacer, branching, and carbohydrate ligand elements. The methodology has been applied to the preparation of a series of betaCD-polymannoside scaffolds differing in the ligand valency and geometry. This series allowed us to explore: (i) The effects of the glycodendritic architecture on the binding efficiency; (ii) the mutual influence between the cyclodextrin core and the glycodendritic moieties on the molecular inclusion and lectin-binding properties; and (iii) the consequence of inclusion complex formation, using the anticancer drug docetaxel (Taxotère) as a target guest, on biological recognition. Our results confirm the high drug solubilization capability of this new type of betaCD-dendrimer construct and indicate that subtle changes in the architecture of the conjugate may have important consequences on receptor affinity. Interestingly, the host-guest interaction can be monitored to build up supramolecular dynamic glycoclusters with increased lectin affinity. Alternatively, the information obtained from the structure-lectin-binding avidity-inclusion capability studies has been put forward in the design of very efficient molecular transporters for docetaxel based on glycodendritic CD dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Benito
- Contribution from the Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Seville, Spain
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27
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Liu Y, Yang YW, Song Y, Zhang HY, Ding F, Wada T, Inoue Y. Residue- and Sequence-Selective Binding of Nonaromatic Dipeptides by Bis(β-cyclodextrin) with a Functional Tether. Chembiochem 2004; 5:868-71. [PMID: 15174172 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200300770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P R China.
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28
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Eliadou K, Giastas P, Yannakopoulou K, Mavridis IM. Synthesis of 6-mono-6-deoxy-beta-cyclodextrins substituted with isomeric aminobenzoic acids. Structural characterization, conformational preferences, and self-inclusion as studied by NMR spectroscopy in aqueous solution and by X-ray crystallography in the solid state. J Org Chem 2004; 68:8550-7. [PMID: 14575485 DOI: 10.1021/jo034503+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, purification, and characterization of mono-6-modified-beta-cyclodextrins bearing N-attached o-, m-, and p-aminobenzoic acids (2, 3, and 4, respectively) are presented. The structures in aqueous solution were investigated using one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Detailed assignment of the spectra together with intramolecular NOE correlations revealed the way each of the isomeric appendages is positioned relative to the macrocyclic cavity. No self-inclusion is observed. The o-isomer 2 turns inward over the top of the primary side and interacts with specific protons of the substituted glucopyranose unit A and those of a neighboring unit. The m-isomer 3 displays two conformations, where the substituent resides above the primary side in a tilted manner and interacts either with the previous or the next unit. We propose that the carboxyl groups in both 2 and 3 are localized through H-bonding with one or two, respectively, primary hydroxyl groups of the neighboring glucopyranose units. In a similar positioning of the aromatic ring of the p-isomer 4, the hydrophilic carboxyl end is fully exposed to the aqueous environment. The X-ray structure of 4 shows that the solution conformation has evolved such that in the crystalline state, the aromatic moiety is inserted through its carboxyl part inside another CD where it establishes intermolecular H-bonds with inward-turned primary OH groups. Besides this stabilization, 4 forms parallel and antiparallel supramolecular chains in the crystal that are additionally stabilized by direct H-bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Eliadou
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Ag. Paraskevi 15310, Athens, Greece
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29
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Liu Y, Chen GS, Chen Y, Ding F, Liu T, Zhao YL. Molecular Binding Behavior of Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide-Bridged Bis(β-cyclodextrin) with Oligopeptides: Switchable Molecular Binding Mode. Bioconjug Chem 2004; 15:300-6. [PMID: 15025525 DOI: 10.1021/bc034230p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bridged bis(beta-cyclodextrin) 1 with a pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide linker was synthesized, and its inclusion complexation behavior with some aliphatic oligopeptides was investigated in aqueous buffer solution of pH 2.0 and 7.2 at 25 degrees C by means of circular dichroism, fluorescence, and 2D NMR techniques. The results show that the resulting inclusion complexes of 1 with oligopeptides adopt a cooperative "cyclodextrin-guest-cyclodextrin" sandwich binding mode in a neutral media, but a "guest-linker-cyclodextrin" coinclusion binding mode in an acidic media. These switchable binding modes consequently rationalize the binding ability of bis(beta-cyclodextrin) 1 at different pH values; that is, 1 shows the stronger association with oligopeptides in a neutral media. Because of the simultaneous contributions of hydrophobic, hydrogen bond, and electrostatic interactions, bis(beta-cyclodextrin) 1 affords length-selectivity up to 4.7 for the Gly-Gly/Gly-Gly-Gly pair at pH 2.0 and sequence-selectivity up to 4.2 for the Gly-Leu/Leu-Gly pair at pH 7.2. These phenomena are discussed from the viewpoint of the size-fit concept and the multipoint recognitions between host and guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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30
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Giragossian C, Schaschke N, Moroder L, Mierke DF. Conformational and Molecular Modeling Studies of β-Cyclodextrin−Heptagastrin and the Third Extracellular Loop of the Cholecystokinin 2 Receptor. Biochemistry 2004; 43:2724-31. [PMID: 15005607 DOI: 10.1021/bi035509w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The conformational features of a conjugate of the C-terminus of human gastrin (HG[11-17]), the shortest gastrin sequence retaining biological function, with beta-cyclodextrin ([Nle(15)]-HG[11-17]-betaCD) were determined by NMR spectroscopy in an aqueous solution of dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles. The peptide-betaCD conjugate displays a binding affinity and activation profile comparable to those of HG[11-17] at the cholecysokinin 2 (CCK(2)) receptor, the G protein-coupled receptor responsible for the gastrointestinal function of gastrin. The structure of the peptide consisted of a well-defined beta-turn between Gly(13) and Asp(16) of gastrin. The structural preferences of [Nle(15)]-HG[11-17]-betaCD in DPC micelles and the 5-doxylstearate-induced relaxation of the (1)H NMR resonances support a membrane-associated receptor recognition mechanism. Addition of [Nle(15)]-HG[11-17]-betaCD to the third extracellular loop domain of the CCK(2) receptor, CCK(2)-R(352-379), generated a number of intermolecular nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOEs) and chemical shift perturbations. NOE-restrained MD simulations of the [Nle(15)]-HG[11-17]-betaCD-CCK(2)-R complex produced a topological orientation in which the C-terminus was located in a shallow hydrophobic pocket near the confluence of TM2 and -3. Despite the steric bulk and physicochemical properties of betaCD, the [Nle(15)]-HG[11-17]-betaCD-CCK(2)-R complex is similar to the CCK-8-CCK(2)-R complex determined previously, providing insight into the mode of ligand binding and the role of electrostatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Giragossian
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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31
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Muhanna AM, Ortiz-Salmerón E, Garcı́a-Fuentes L, Giménez-Martı́nez JJ, Vargas-Berenguel A. Synthesis of peptide dendrimers based on a β-cyclodextrin core with guest binding ability. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Bonomo RP, Bruno V, Conte E, De Guidi G, Mendola DL, Maccarrone G, Nicoletti F, Rizzarelli E, Sortino S, Vecchio G. Potentiometric, spectroscopic and antioxidant activity studies of SOD mimics containing carnosine. Dalton Trans 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b308168k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Escherich A, Lutz J, Escrieut C, Fourmy D, van Neuren AS, Müller G, Schafferhans A, Klebe G, Moroder L. Peptide/benzodiazepine hybrids as ligands of CCK(A) and CCK(B) receptors. Biopolymers 2002; 56:55-76. [PMID: 11592053 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0282(2000)56:2<55::aid-bip1052>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The (neuro)hormones gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) share a common C-terminal tetrapeptide amide sequence that has been recognized as the message portion while the N-terminal extensions are responsible for the CCK(A) and CCK(B) receptor subtype selectivity and avidity. 1,4-Benzodiazepine derivatives are potent and selective antagonists of these receptors, and according to comparative molecular field analysis, the structures of these nonpeptidic compounds could well mimic the message sequence of the peptide agonists at least in terms of spatial array of the aromatic residues. Docking of a larger series of low molecular weight nonpeptide antagonists to a homology modeling derived CCK(B) receptor structure revealed a consensus binding mode that is further validated by data from site-directed mutagenesis studies of the receptors. Whether this putative binding pocket of the nonpeptide antagonists is identical to that of the message portion of the peptide agonists, or whether it is distinct and spatially separated, or overlapping, but with distinct interaction sites, is still object of debate. Using a 1,4-benzodiazepine core amino-functionalized at the C3 position, related tryptophanyl derivatives were synthesized as mimics of the tetrapeptide and subsequently extended N-terminally with gastrin and CCK address sequences. All hybrid constructs were recognized as antagonists by the CCK(A) and CCK(B) receptors, but their address portions were incapable of enhancing in significant manner selectivity and avidity. Consequently, the binding of the peptide/benzodiazepine hybrids has to be dictated mainly by the benzodiazepine moiety, which apparently prevents optimal interactions of the address peptides with extracellular receptor subdomains. These findings would strongly support the view of distinct binding sites for the message portion of the peptide agonists and the benzodiazepine-based nonpeptide antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Escherich
- Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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34
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Péan C, Wijkhuisen A, Djedaïni-Pilard F, Fischer J, Doly S, Conrath M, Couraud JY, Grassi J, Perly B, Créminon C. Pharmacological in vitro evaluation of new substance P-cyclodextrin derivatives designed to drug targeting towards NK1-receptor bearing cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1541:150-60. [PMID: 11755209 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(01)00139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Some biological properties of new bifunctional conjugates designed for drug targeting were evaluated through in vitro experiments. Eight peptidylcyclodextrin compounds were used, which correspond to modified beta- or gamma-cyclodextrin (CD) grafted on neuropeptide substance P (SP) or a shorter derivative (SP(4-11)). Using anti-SP and anti-CD antibodies as molecular probes, we showed that the main structural features of the two moieties of these adducts were preserved. Binding experiments, using CHO cells expressing the human SP-specific NK1 receptor, demonstrated the functionality of all peptidylcyclodextrin derivatives, which exhibited IC50 values in a 10(-9)-10(-7) M range. All compounds were able to induce a pharmacological response, triggering phosphatidylinositol turnover with EC50 values in the same range as the natural ligand. Moreover, autoradiography analysis of rat spinal corn sections proved that [125I]SP binding was dose-dependently displaced by one selected compound (a gamma-CD-SP), showing a similar affinity of this adduct for the rat neurokinin 1 receptor. Our observations demonstrate that these peptidylcyclodextrins efficiently target NK1 receptor-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Péan
- CEA, DRECAM/SCM, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur Yvette, France
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35
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Vecchio G, Campagna T, Marchelli R, Rizzarelli E. Synthesis and conformation of β-Cyclodextrin functionalised with a phenylalanine derivative. conformational changes induced by metal ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-7862(01)00017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Schaschke N, Matschiner G, Zettl F, Marquardt U, Bergner A, Bode W, Sommerhoff CP, Moroder L. Bivalent inhibition of human beta-tryptase. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2001; 8:313-27. [PMID: 11325588 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(01)00011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human beta-tryptase is a mast cell specific trypsin-like serine protease that is thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of diverse allergic and inflammatory disorders like asthma and psoriasis. The recently resolved crystal structure revealed that the enzymatically active tetramer consists of four quasi-identical monomers. The spatial display of the four identical active sites represents an ideal basis for the rational design of bivalent inhibitors. RESULTS Based on modeling experiments homobivalent inhibitors were constructed using (i) 6A,6D-dideoxy-6A,6D-diamino-beta-cyclodextrin as a rigid template to bridge the space between the two pairs of identical active sites and (ii) 3-(aminomethyl)benzene as a headgroup to occupy the arginine/lysine specific S1 subsites. A comparative analysis of the inhibitory potencies of synthetic constructs that differ in size and type of the spacer between headgroup and template revealed that the construct contained two 3-(aminomethyl)benzenesulfonyl-glycine groups linked to the 6A,6D-diamino groups of beta-cyclodextrin as an almost ideal bivalent inhibitor with a cooperativity factor of 1.9 vs. the ideal value of 2. The bivalent binding mode is supported by the inhibitor/tetramer ratio of 2:1 required for inactivation of tryptase and by X-ray analysis of the inhibitor/tryptase complex. CONCLUSION The results obtained with the rigid cyclodextrin template underlined the importance of a minimal loss of conformational entropy in bivalent binding, but also showed the limitations imposed by such rigid core molecules in terms of optimal occupancy of binding sites and thus of enthalpic strains in bidentate binding modes. The main advantage of bivalent inhibitors is their high selectivity for the target enzyme that can be achieved utilizing the principle of multivalency.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schaschke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Am Klopferspitz 18a, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
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37
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Vecchio G, Mendola DL, Rizzarelli E. The synthesis and conformation of β-cyclodextrins functionalized with enantiomers of Boc-carnosine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-7862(01)00012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Berthault P, Birlirakis N. Folding of a β-cyclodextrin monosubstituted at its secondary face, revealed by NMR studies of local structural variations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)00217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Schaschke N, Assfalg-Machleidt I, Machleidt W, Lassleben T, Sommerhoff CP, Moroder L. Beta-cyclodextrin/epoxysuccinyl peptide conjugates: a new drug targeting system for tumor cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:677-80. [PMID: 10762052 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Beta-cyclodextrin is known to form inclusion complexes with hydrophobic drugs. Several tumor cell lines are known to secrete and/or contain membrane-associated cathepsin B which is possibly involved in invasion and metastasis. Based on these information, our recently developed endo-epoxysuccinyl peptide inhibitor MeO-Gly-Gly-Leu-(2S,3S)-tEps-Leu-Pro-OH for cathepsin B was conjugated with beta-cyclodextrin to obtain a site-directed drug carrier system. Furthermore, the conjugate, was shown to form an inclusion complex with the cytotoxic drug methotrexate.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schaschke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany
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40
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Loidl G, Musiol HJ, Budisa N, Huber R, Poirot S, Fourmy D, Moroder L. Synthesis of beta-(1-azulenyl)-L-alanine as a potential blue-colored fluorescent tryptophan analog and its use in peptide synthesis. J Pept Sci 2000; 6:139-44. [PMID: 10759212 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1387(200003)6:3<139::aid-psc240>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-beta-(1-azulenyl)-D,L-alanine has been synthesized in high overall yield by the malonic ester condensation procedure, and the racemate has been enzymatically resolved with acylase I from Aspergillus melleus. The enantiomerically pure L-amino acid is of interest as a blue-colored fluorescent tryptophan analog. The bioactivity data of a heptagastrin analog containing it suggests that the planar aromatic azulene moiety may indeed mimic the tryptophan side chain to some extent, and the spectral properties of the azulene moiety makes beta-(1-azulenyl)-L-alanine of potential value as a UV and fluorescence probe in synthetic peptides, and possibly even in proteins if bioincorporation succeeds with chemically misacylated tRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Loidl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany
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41
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Bose PK, Polavarapu PL. Evidence for covalent binding between copper ions and cyclodextrin cavity: a vibrational circular dichroism study. Carbohydr Res 2000; 323:63-72. [PMID: 10782287 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(99)00266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Vibrational absorption and circular dichroism (VCD) spectra were obtained for parent cyclodextrins, hydroxyl deuterated alpha-cyclodextrin, cyclodextrin-copper complexes, and for the cyclodextrin inclusion complexes with Methyl Orange, methyloxirane, 1-propanol, and substituted cyclohexanones, in the solution phase. Changes in the VCD spectra, reflecting perturbations of cyclodextrin cavity, were found in the case of an inclusion complex with Methyl Orange, but for the remaining inclusion complexes measurable changes in VCD were not found. Significant changes observed in the VCD spectra of cyclodextrin-copper complexes suggest that the covalent binding of copper ions to the hydroxyl groups of cyclodextrin is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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