1
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Tromans J, Zhang B, Golding BT. Unlocking nature's antioxidants: a novel method for synthesising plasmalogens. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39233652 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01233j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Plasmalogens are glycerophospholipids distinguished by their O-(Z)-vinyl ether at the sn-1 position. These lipids are implicated in several disease states requiring analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, which demand synthetic availability for a variety of structural types. By deploying the new O-protecting group 1,4-dimethoxynaphthyl-2-methyl ('DIMON') and a new stereospecific method for accessing Z-vinyl ethers, a reproducible, versatile synthetic route to plasmalogens [plasmenyl phosphocholines] has been developed. A key intermediate is (S,Z)-1-((1,4-dimethoxynaphthalen-2-yl)methoxy)-3-(hexadec-1-en-1-yloxy)propan-2-ol, which in principle, permits plasmalogen synthesis 'à la carte' at scale. The methodology compares favourably with all previous synthetic routes by virtue of the very high configurational (>99% Z) and optical purity (>99% ee), including the ability to incorporate polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains (e.g. all Z docosahexaenoic acid) reliably at the sn-2 position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Tromans
- School of Natural and Environmental Science - Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Bian Zhang
- BiBerChem Research Ltd, The Biosphere, Draymans Way, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5BX, UK
| | - Bernard T Golding
- School of Natural and Environmental Science - Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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2
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Tromans J, Zhang B, Golding BT. Harnessing the Peterson Reaction for the Stereospecific Synthesis of Z-Vinyl Ethers. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302708. [PMID: 37732540 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Vinyl ethers are valuable synthetic intermediates which are also found as natural products, including aflatoxins, rifamycins and plasmalogens. The latter are ubiquitous phospholipids in human cells and contain a vinyl ether moiety with specifically Z configuration. Although numerous methods are available for synthesis of vinyl ethers, there is a lack of methods for obtaining Z isomers of molecules of the type RCH=CHOR' that are applicable to plasmalogens. A variant of the Peterson reaction is described that generates such molecules with very high stereoselectivity (Z/E ratio: 99 : 1). (R,R)/(S,S)-1-alkoxy-2-hydroxyalkylsilanes were synthesized from 1-trimethylsilylalkynes by a sequence of reduction with di-isobutylaluminium hydride to a (Z)-1-trimethylsilylalkene, epoxidation of the alkene to a 2-trimethylsilyl-3-substituted epoxide and regioselective, boron-trifluoride catalyzed ring-opening of the epoxide by reaction with an alcohol. Conversion of the (R,R)/(S,S)-1-alkoxy-2-hydroxyalkylsilanes to vinyl ethers (RCH=CHOR') was achieved under basic conditions as in a standard Peterson reaction. However, near exclusive formation of a Z vinyl ether was only achieved when the reaction was performed using potassium hydride in the non-polar solvent α,α,α-trifluorotoluene, more polar solvents giving increasing amounts of the E isomer. The sequence described embraces a variety of substituents and precursors, proceeds in overall high yield and is readily scalable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Tromans
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences - Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Bian Zhang
- BiBerChem Research Ltd., The Biosphere, Draymans Way, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5BX, UK
| | - Bernard T Golding
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences - Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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3
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Wu B, Hu K, Wang X, Zhang G. Biomimetic Approach toward Kinetically Stable AIE-Gens under Physiological Conditions. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37276365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many AIE-gens suffer from excessive hydrophobicity, and their kinetic stability in aqueous condition is not warranted. Here, we introduce phosphorylcholine, a zwitterionic group ubiquitously found in biological membranes, onto the tetraphenylethene core structure to yield AIE nanoparticles stable in both PBS buffer and cell culture. We also find that the AIE efficiency is critically reliant on the delicate balance between the hydrophilic phosphorylcholine and hydrophobic moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingze Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kan Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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4
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Liu H, Lau VHM, Xu P, Chan TH, Huang Z. Diverse synthesis of α-tertiary amines and tertiary alcohols via desymmetric reduction of malonic esters. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4759. [PMID: 35963867 PMCID: PMC9376102 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amines and alcohols with a fully substituted α-carbon are structures of great value in organic synthesis and drug discovery. While conventional methods towards these motifs often rely on enantioselective carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bond formation reactions, a desymmetric method is developed here by selectively hydrosilylating one of the esters of easily accessible α-substituted α-amino- and -oxymalonic esters. The desymmetrization is enabled by a suite of dinuclear zinc catalysts with pipecolinol-derived tetradentate ligands and can accommodate a diverse panel of heteroatom substituents, including secondary amides, tertiary amines, and ethers of different sizes. The polyfunctionalized reduction products, in return, have provided expeditious approaches to enantioenriched nitrogen- and oxygen-containing molecules, including dipeptides, vitamin analogs, and natural metabolites. Chiral α-tertiary amines and tertiary alcohols are prevalent in bioactive molecules yet challenging targets to access. Here, the authors provide a dinuclear zinc-catalyzed desymmetric approach based on readily available malonic esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent Ho Man Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz Hin Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhongxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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5
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Papin M, Guimaraes C, Pierre-Aue B, Fontaine D, Pardessus J, Couthon H, Fromont G, Mahéo K, Chantôme A, Vandier C, Pinault M. Development of a High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Method for the Quantification of Alkyl Glycerolipids and Alkenyl Glycerolipids from Shark and Chimera Oils and Tissues. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040270. [PMID: 35447943 PMCID: PMC9029064 DOI: 10.3390/md20040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ether lipids are composed of alkyl lipids with an ether bond at the sn-1 position of a glycerol backbone and alkenyl lipids, which possess a vinyl ether bond at the sn-1 position of the glycerol. These ether glycerolipids are present either as polar glycerophospholipids or neutral glycerolipids. Before studying the biological role of molecular species of ether glycerolipids, there is a need to separate and quantify total alkyl and alkenyl glycerolipids from biological samples in order to determine any variation depending on tissue or physiopathological conditions. Here, we detail the development of the first high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for the quantification of total alkyl and alkenyl glycerolipids thanks to the separation of their corresponding alkyl and alkenyl glycerols. This method starts with a reduction of all lipids after extraction, resulting in the reduction of neutral and polar ether glycerolipids into alkyl and alkenyl glycerols, followed by an appropriate purification and, finally, the linearly ascending development of alkyl and alkenyl glycerols on high-performance thin-layer chromatography plates, staining, carbonization and densitometric analysis. Calibration curves were obtained with commercial alkyl and alkenyl glycerol standards, enabling the quantification of alkyl and alkenyl glycerols in samples and thus directly obtaining the quantity of alkyl and alkenyl lipids present in the samples. Interestingly, we found a differential quantity of these lipids in shark liver oil compared to chimera. We quantified alkyl and alkenyl glycerolipids in periprostatic adipose tissues from human prostate cancer and showed the feasibility of this method in other biological matrices (muscle, tumor).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Papin
- Nutrition, Croissance, Cancer (N2C) UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (C.G.); (B.P.-A.); (D.F.); (G.F.); (K.M.); (A.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Cyrille Guimaraes
- Nutrition, Croissance, Cancer (N2C) UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (C.G.); (B.P.-A.); (D.F.); (G.F.); (K.M.); (A.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Benoit Pierre-Aue
- Nutrition, Croissance, Cancer (N2C) UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (C.G.); (B.P.-A.); (D.F.); (G.F.); (K.M.); (A.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Delphine Fontaine
- Nutrition, Croissance, Cancer (N2C) UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (C.G.); (B.P.-A.); (D.F.); (G.F.); (K.M.); (A.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Jeoffrey Pardessus
- Centre d’Étude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR)-U1100, University of Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Hélène Couthon
- Laboratoire Chimie Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique (CEMCA) UMR 6521, University of Brest, CNRS, 29238 Brest, France;
| | - Gaëlle Fromont
- Nutrition, Croissance, Cancer (N2C) UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (C.G.); (B.P.-A.); (D.F.); (G.F.); (K.M.); (A.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Karine Mahéo
- Nutrition, Croissance, Cancer (N2C) UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (C.G.); (B.P.-A.); (D.F.); (G.F.); (K.M.); (A.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Aurélie Chantôme
- Nutrition, Croissance, Cancer (N2C) UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (C.G.); (B.P.-A.); (D.F.); (G.F.); (K.M.); (A.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Christophe Vandier
- Nutrition, Croissance, Cancer (N2C) UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (C.G.); (B.P.-A.); (D.F.); (G.F.); (K.M.); (A.C.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)2-4736-6024
| | - Michelle Pinault
- Nutrition, Croissance, Cancer (N2C) UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (C.G.); (B.P.-A.); (D.F.); (G.F.); (K.M.); (A.C.); (M.P.)
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6
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Structural Characterization of Mono- and Dimethylphosphatidylethanolamines from Various Organisms Using a Complex Analytical Strategy Including Chiral Chromatography. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14030616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two minor phospholipids, i.e., mono- and/or dimethylphosphatidylethanolamines, are widespread in many organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals. A molecular mixture of methyl-PE and dimethyl-PE was obtained from total lipids by liquid chromatography and further identified by mass spectrometry. Total methyl-PE and dimethyl-PE were cleaved by phospholipase C, and the resulting diacylglycerols, in the form of acetyl derivatives, were separated into alkyl-acyl, alkenyl-acyl, and diacylglycerols. Reversed-phase LC/MS allowed dozens of molecular species to be identified and further analyzed. This was performed on a chiral column, and identification by tandem positive ESI revealed that diacyl derivatives from all four bacteria were mixtures of both R and S enantiomers. The same applied to alkenyl-acyl derivatives of anaerobic bacteria. Analysis thus confirmed that some bacteria biosynthesize phospholipids having both sn-glycerol-3-phosphate and sn-glycerol-1-phosphate as precursors. These findings were further supported by data already published in GenBank. The use of chiral chromatography made it possible to prove that both enantiomers of glycerol phosphate of some molecular species of mono- and dimethylphosphatidylethanolamines are present. The result of the analysis can be interpreted that the cultured bacteria do not have homochiral membranes but, on the contrary, have an asymmetric, i.e., heterochiral membranes.
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7
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Vítová M, Palyzová A, Řezanka T. Plasmalogens - Ubiquitous molecules occurring widely, from anaerobic bacteria to humans. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 83:101111. [PMID: 34147515 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plasmalogens are a group of lipids mainly found in the cell membranes. They occur in anaerobic bacteria and in some protozoa, invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans. Their occurrence in plants and fungi is controversial. They can protect cells from damage by reactive oxygen species, protect other phospholipids or lipoprotein particles against oxidative stress, and have been implicated as signaling molecules and modulators of membrane dynamics. Biosynthesis in anaerobic and aerobic organisms occurs by different pathways, and the main biosynthetic pathway in anaerobic bacteria was clarified only this year (2021). Many different analytical techniques have been used for plasmalogen analysis, some of which are detailed below. These can be divided into two groups: shotgun lipidomics, or electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in combination with high performance liquid chromatography (LC-MS). The advantages and limitations of both techniques are discussed here, using examples from anaerobic bacteria to specialized mammalian (human) organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milada Vítová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Palyzová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
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8
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Maeda S, Mohri T, Inoue T, Asano Y, Otoki Y, Enomoto M, Nakagawa K, Kuwahara S, Ogura Y. Synthesis of a plasmenylethanolamine. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1383-1389. [PMID: 33705523 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A concise synthesis of a plasmenylethanolamine (PlsEtn-[16:0/18:1 n-9]), known as antioxidative phospholipids commonly found in cell membranes, has been achieved from an optically active known diol through 8 steps. The key transformations for the synthesis of PlsEtn-[16:0/18:1 n-9] are (1) regio- and Z-selective vinyl ether formation via the alkylation of a lithioalkoxy allyl intermediate with an alkyl iodide, and (2) a one-pot phosphite esterification-oxidation sequence to construct the ethanolamine phosphonate moiety in the presence of the vinyl ether functionality. The piperidine salt of synthetic PlsEtn-[16:0/18:1 n-9] was desalinated through reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Maeda
- Laboratory of Food and Biodynamic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Mohri
- Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Inoue
- Laboratory of Food and Biodynamic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshio Asano
- Laboratory of Food and Biodynamic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yurika Otoki
- Laboratory of Food and Biodynamic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaru Enomoto
- Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Food and Biodynamic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Kuwahara
- Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ogura
- Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Ura T, Shimbo D, Yudasaka M, Tada N, Itoh A. Synthesis of Phenol-Derived cis-Vinyl Ethers Using Ethynyl Benziodoxolone. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4000-4004. [PMID: 33058543 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of cis-β-phenoxyvinyl benziodoxolones (cis-β-phenol-VBXs) from an ethynyl benziodoxolone-acetonitrile complex (EBX-MeCN) and various phenols is reported herein. The reaction tolerates different phenol derivatives, including complex natural products, and can be conducted under mild conditions. The synthesis was performed in an aqueous solvent in the absence and presence of a catalytic amount of a base. Selectively mono- and di-deuterated cis-β-phenol-VBXs were also prepared. cis-β-Phenol-VBXs were stereospecifically derivatized to cis-alkynylvinyl ethers and cis-iodovinyl ethers without loss of stereoselectivity or reduction in the deuterium/hydrogen ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Ura
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shimbo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masaharu Yudasaka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tada
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Akichika Itoh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
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10
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Development of pyrene-based fluorescent ether lipid as inhibitor of SK3 ion channels. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112894. [PMID: 33049604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of three bioactive pyrene-based fluorescent analogues of Ohmline which is the most efficient and selective inhibitor of SK3 ion channel. The interaction of these Ohmline-pyrene (OP1-3) with liposomes of different composition reveals that only OP2 and OP3 are readily integrated into liposomes. Fluorescence measurements indicate that, depending on their concentration, OP2 and OP3 exist either as monomer or as a mixture of monomer and excimers within the liposome bilayer. Among the three Ohmline Pyrene compounds (OP1-3) only OP2 is able to reduce SK3 currents and is the first efficient fluorescent modulator of SK3 channel as revealed by patch clamp measurements (- 71.3 ± 13.3% at 10 μM) and by its inhibition of SK3-dependent cancer cell migration at (-32.5% ± 4.8% at 1 μM). We also report the first fluorescence study on living breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) showing that OP2 is rapidly integrated in bio-membranes followed by cell internalization.
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11
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Total Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of 23-Demethyleushearilide and Extensive Antimicrobial Evaluation of All Synthetic Stereoisomers of (16 Z,20 E)-Eushearilide and (16 E,20 E)-Eushearilide. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193437. [PMID: 31546686 PMCID: PMC6804234 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel stereoisomer of eushearilide, 23-demethyleushearilide, was synthesized, and the structure–activity relationships of this compound along with known eushearilide stereoisomers were investigated in order to design novel lead compounds for the treatment of fungal infections. It was discovered that all of these congeners, together with the natural product, exhibited a wide range of antimicrobial activity against not only fungi but also against bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).
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12
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Tonoi T, Inohana T, Sato T, Yoshida T, Shiina I. Total Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of All Stereoisomers of (16Z,20E)-Eushearilide and (16E,20E)-Eushearilide. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7886-7899. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tonoi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takehiko Inohana
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Isamu Shiina
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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13
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Patel HH, Prater MB, Squire SO, Sigman MS. Formation of Chiral Allylic Ethers via an Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Alkenylation of Acyclic Enol Ethers. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5895-5898. [PMID: 29665329 PMCID: PMC5968819 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This report details a palladium-catalyzed process to access highly functionalized, optically active allylic aryl ethers. A number of electron-deficient alkenyl triflates underwent enantioselective and site-selective coupling with acyclic aryl enol ethers in the presence of a chiral palladium catalyst. This transform provides chiral allylic ether products in high yields and excellent enantiomeric ratios, furnishing a unique disconnection to incorporate heteroatoms at a stereocenter. Finally, the applicability of the products to target synthesis was demonstrated through the formation of a chiral allylic alcohol and the generation of a flavone-inspired product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshkumar H. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew B. Prater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Scott O. Squire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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14
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Tonoi T, Kawahara R, Inohana T, Shiina I. Enantioselective total synthesis of naturally occurring eushearilide and evaluation of its antifungal activity. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2016; 69:697-701. [PMID: 26814670 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2015.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric total synthesis of a newly proposed structure of (3S,16E,20E,23S)-(+)-eushearilide was achieved primarily through an asymmetric Mukaiyama aldol reaction, Schlosser-modified Wittig reaction and 2-methyl-6-nitrobenzoic anhydride-mediated macrolactonization. Based on detailed spectroscopic analyses, the obtained synthetic compound was found to be identical to natural eushearilide. Therefore, we were able to determine the true structure of eushearilide. Moreover, the synthetic compound was found to exhibit significant in vitro antifungal activity against various fungi and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tonoi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Kawahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Inohana
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isamu Shiina
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Shen Z, Chen M, Fang T, Li M, Mo W, Hu B, Sun N, Hu X. Transformation of ethers into aldehydes or ketones: a catalytic aerobic deprotection/oxidation pathway. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Tonoi T, Kawahara R, Yoshinaga Y, Inohana T, Fujimori K, Shiina I. Total synthesis of (3R,16E,20E,23R)-(−)-eushearilide and structural determination of naturally occurring eushearilide. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Ilangovan A, Anandhan K, Kaushik MP. Facile and selective deprotection of PMB ethers and esters using oxalyl chloride. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Choi BS, Choi J, Bak S, Koo S. Regioselective Synthesis of 1,3- and 1,2-Tocopheryl Glyceride Ethers of Carboxylic Acids. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Kim D, Reddy S, Singh OV, Lee JS, Kong SB, Han H. Ir(I)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Decarboxylative Allylic Etherification: A General Method for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Aryl Allyl Ethers. Org Lett 2013; 15:512-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3033237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Srinivasa Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Om V. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Jae Seung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Suk Bin Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hyunsoo Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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Abstract
This chapter offers a general review of the evolvement of methods for the stereoselective synthesis of Z-alkenes, with a focus on the development of catalytic systems towards this goal in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon-Yew Siau
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Catalytic Z-selective olefin cross-metathesis for natural product synthesis. Nature 2011; 471:461-6. [PMID: 21430774 PMCID: PMC3082443 DOI: 10.1038/nature09957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alkenes are found in many biologically active molecules, and there are a large number of chemical transformations in which alkenes act as the reactants or products (or both) of the reaction. Many alkenes exist as either the E or the higher-energy Z stereoisomer. Catalytic procedures for the stereoselective formation of alkenes are valuable, yet methods enabling the synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted Z alkenes are scarce. Here we report catalytic Z-selective cross-metathesis reactions of terminal enol ethers, which have not been reported previously, and of allylic amides, used until now only in E-selective processes. The corresponding disubstituted alkenes are formed in up to >98% Z selectivity and 97% yield. These transformations, promoted by catalysts that contain the highly abundant and inexpensive metal molybdenum, are amenable to gram-scale operations. Use of reduced pressure is introduced as a simple and effective strategy for achieving high stereoselectivity. The utility of this method is demonstrated by its use in syntheses of an anti-oxidant plasmalogen phospholipid, found in electrically active tissues and implicated in Alzheimer's disease, and the potent immunostimulant KRN7000.
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Pedersen PJ, Adolph SK, Subramanian AK, Arouri A, Andresen TL, Mouritsen OG, Madsen R, Madsen MW, Peters GH, Clausen MH. Liposomal Formulation of Retinoids Designed for Enzyme Triggered Release. J Med Chem 2010; 53:3782-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Palle J. Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201 and 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sidsel K. Adolph
- LiPlasome Pharma A/S, Technical University of Denmark, Diplomvej 378, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arun K. Subramanian
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201 and 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ahmad Arouri
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, MEMPHYS−Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Thomas L. Andresen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ole G. Mouritsen
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, MEMPHYS−Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Robert Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201 and 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mogens W. Madsen
- LiPlasome Pharma A/S, Technical University of Denmark, Diplomvej 378, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Günther H. Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201 and 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mads H. Clausen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201 and 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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23
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Takagi T, Takai K, Baba T, Kanamori T. Design and Characterization of Partially Fluorinated Lipid Liquid-Crystal Membranes as Biomaterials. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2010. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.68.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Rowland MM, Best MD. Modular synthesis of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate for convenient access to analogues bearing hydrocarbon and perdeuterated acyl chains of varying length. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Lankalapalli RS, Eckelkamp JT, Sircar D, Ford DA, Subbaiah PV, Bittman R. Synthesis and antioxidant properties of an unnatural plasmalogen analogue bearing a trans O-vinyl ether linkage. Org Lett 2009; 11:2784-7. [PMID: 19499908 PMCID: PMC2741175 DOI: 10.1021/ol9009078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To assess the antioxidant behavior of trans-1, we first synthesized trans-allyl ether 4 by opening an (S)-glycidol derivative with an (E)-alk-2-en-ol, and then produced the unnatural E-enol ether 1 by a stereoselective iridium(I)-catalyzed olefin isomerization. Natural cis-1 was preferentially degraded by HOCl and was more protective than trans-1 against lipid peroxidation induced by a free-radical initiator, demonstrating that the geometry of the 1'-alkenyloxy bond participates in the antioxidant defensive role of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S. Lankalapalli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of The City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367-1597
| | - Joseph T. Eckelkamp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Debajit Sircar
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - David A. Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | | | - Robert Bittman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of The City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367-1597
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Johns MK, Yin MX, Conway SJ, Robinson DEJE, Wong LSM, Bamert R, Wettenhall REH, Holmes AB. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel cardiolipin affinity matrix. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3691-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b909306k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Takai K, Takagi T, Baba T, Kanamori T. Synthesis and monolayer properties of double-chained phosphatidylcholines containing perfluoroalkyl groups of different length. J Fluor Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2008.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Van den Bossche J, Shin J, Thompson DH. Improved Plasmalogen Synthesis Using Organobarium Intermediates. J Org Chem 2007; 72:5005-7. [PMID: 17539687 DOI: 10.1021/jo0705059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An improved synthesis of plasmalogen type lipids is described. Transmetalation of lithioalkoxy allyl intermediates with BaI(2) and subsequent alkylation with 1-iodoalkanes enables the stereoselective formation of O-(Z)-alkenyl ether as precursors for the synthesis of plasmenyl- and bisplasmenylcholines. This method provides a simple and adaptable approach for the stereocontrolled synthesis of plasmenyl derivatives with variations at the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 positions of the glycerol backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Van den Bossche
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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29
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Takagi T, Takai K, Baba T, Kanamori T. Synthesis of phospholipids containing perfluorooctyl group and their interfacial properties. J Fluor Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2006.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Linderoth L, Peters GH, Jørgensen K, Madsen R, Andresen TL. Synthesis of sn-1 functionalized phospholipids as substrates for secretory phospholipase A2. Chem Phys Lipids 2007; 146:54-66. [PMID: 17270166 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2006] [Revised: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 12/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) represents a family of small water-soluble enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phospholipids in the sn-2 position liberating free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. Herein we report the synthesis of two new phospholipids (1 and 2) with bulky allyl-substituents attached to the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone. The synthesis of phospholipids 1 and 2 is based upon the construction of a key aldehyde intermediate 3 which locks the stereochemistry in the sn-2 position of the final phospholipids. The aldehyde functionality serves as the site for insertion of the allyl-substituents by a zinc mediated allylation. Small unilamellar liposomes composed of phospholipids 1 and 2 were subjected to sPLA2 activity measurements. Our results show that only phospholipid 1 is hydrolyzed by the enzyme. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the lack of hydrolysis of phospholipid 2 is due to steric hindrance caused by the bulky side chain of the substrate allowing only limited access of water molecules to the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Linderoth
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
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32
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Thompson DH, Shin J, Boomer J, Kim JM. Preparation of Plasmenylcholine Lipids and Plasmenyl-Type Liposome Dispersions. Methods Enzymol 2004; 387:153-68. [PMID: 15172163 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(04)87010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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