1
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Lunkenheimer P, Loidl A, Johari GP. Dipolar relaxation, conductivity, and polar order in AgCN. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2889003. [PMID: 37154277 DOI: 10.1063/5.0148873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
By using dielectric spectroscopy in a broad range of temperatures and frequencies, we have investigated dipolar relaxations, the dc conductivity, and the possible occurrence of polar order in AgCN. The conductivity contributions dominate the dielectric response at elevated temperatures and low frequencies, most likely arising from the mobility of the small silver ions. In addition, we observe the dipolar relaxation dynamics of the dumbbell-shaped CN- ions, whose temperature dependence follows the Arrhenius behavior with a hindering barrier of 0.59 eV (57 kJ/mol). It correlates well with a systematic development of the relaxation dynamics with the cation radius, previously observed in various alkali cyanides. By comparison with the latter, we conclude that AgCN does not exhibit a plastic high-temperature phase with free rotation of the cyanide ions. Instead, our results indicate that a phase with quadrupolar order, revealing dipolar head-to-tail disorder of the CN- ions, exists at elevated temperatures up to the decomposition temperature, which crosses over to long-range polar order of the CN dipole moments below about 475 K. Dipole ordering was also reported for NaCN and KCN, and a comparison with these systems suggests a critical relaxation rate of 105-107 Hz, marking the onset of dipolar order in the cyanides. The detected relaxation dynamics in this order-disorder type polar state points to glasslike freezing below about 195 K of a fraction of non-ordered CN dipoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lunkenheimer
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - A Loidl
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - G P Johari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
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2
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Begildayeva T, Lee SJ, Yu Y, Park J, Kim TH, Theerthagiri J, Ahn A, Jung HJ, Choi MY. Production of copper nanoparticles exhibiting various morphologies via pulsed laser ablation in different solvents and their catalytic activity for reduction of toxic nitroaromatic compounds. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124412. [PMID: 33187798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Comparative experiments were conducted to determine the effects of various solvents (i.e., deionized water, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, hexane, and acetonitrile) on the final compositions, morphologies, and catalytic activities of copper-based nanoparticles (NPs). The NPs were effectively synthesized by pulsed laser ablation (PLA) using a copper plate as the target. The obtained copper NPs were characterized utilizing various analytical techniques. It was established that the developed methodology allows for the production of NPs with different morphologies and compositions in a safe and simple manner. When laser ablation of a solid copper plate was performed in acetonitrile, the formation of copper(I) cyanide cubes was observed. On the other hand, in deionized water and methanol, spherical and rod-like particles of copper(I) and copper(II) oxide were detected, respectively. The catalytic activity of the prepared copper NPs in the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds, such as 4-nitrophenol and nitrobenzene, was also evaluated. A high k value was determined for the reduction over the copper(II) oxide NPs produced in methanol. Moreover, particles with graphitic carbon (GC) layers exhibited superior catalytic performance in the reduction of a hydrophobic substance, i.e., nitrobenzene, over the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. The enhanced catalytic activity of this catalyst may be due its unique surface morphology and the synergistic effects between the copper nanostructure and the GC layer. Lastly, a detailed reduction pathway mechanism for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and nitrobenzene has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talshyn Begildayeva
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 FOUR) and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Lee
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 FOUR) and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiseul Yu
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 FOUR) and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyeon Park
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 FOUR) and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ho Kim
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 FOUR) and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayaraman Theerthagiri
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 FOUR) and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahreum Ahn
- Center for Supercomputing Applications, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, 245 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Jung
- Nano Materials & Nano Technology Center, Electronic Convergence Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology, Jinju 52851, Republic of Korea
| | - Myong Yong Choi
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 FOUR) and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Singh A, Trivedi M, Kociok-Köhn G, Singh AK, Muddassir M, Kumar A. Ferrocenyl thiazolidine-2-thione ornamented 1D coordination polymers derived from coinage metal halides and pseudohalides. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01147b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new ferrocene-functionalized thiazolidine-2-thione coinage metal coordination polymers with halides and pseudo-halides were synthesized and the nature of their weak interactions was assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Manoj Trivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Vankateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Materials and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC2), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Mohd. Muddassir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
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4
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Kaeffer N, Mance D, Copéret C. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Coordination to Surface Copper Sites in Selective Semihydrogenation Catalysts from Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kaeffer
- ETH Zürich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Current address: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr Germany
| | - Deni Mance
- ETH Zürich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- ETH Zürich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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5
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Kaeffer N, Mance D, Copéret C. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Coordination to Surface Copper Sites in Selective Semihydrogenation Catalysts from Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19999-20007. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kaeffer
- ETH Zürich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Current address: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr Germany
| | - Deni Mance
- ETH Zürich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- ETH Zürich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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6
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Hibble SJ, Chippindale AM, Zbiri M, Rees NH, Keeble DS, Wilhelm H, d’Ambrumenil S, Seifert D. Intra- and Interchain Interactions in (Cu 1/2Au 1/2)CN, (Ag 1/2Au 1/2)CN, and (Cu 1/3Ag 1/3Au 1/3)CN and Their Effect on One-, Two-, and Three-Dimensional Order. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11704-11714. [PMID: 32799476 PMCID: PMC7458429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-metal cyanides (Cu1/2Au1/2)CN, (Ag1/2Au1/2)CN, and (Cu1/3Ag1/3Au1/3)CN adopt an AuCN-type structure in which metal-cyanide chains pack on a hexagonal lattice with metal atoms arranged in sheets. The interactions between and within the metal-cyanide chains are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, 13C solid-state NMR (SSNMR), and X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) measurements. Long-range metal and cyanide order is found within the chains: (-Cu-NC-Au-CN-)∞, (-Ag-NC-Au-CN-)∞, and (-Cu-NC-Ag-NC-Au-CN-)∞. Although Bragg diffraction studies establish that there is no long-range order between chains, X-ray PDF results show that there is local order between chains. In (Cu1/2Au1/2)CN and (Ag1/2Au1/2)CN, there is a preference for unlike metal atoms occurring as nearest neighbors within the metal sheets. A general mathematical proof shows that the maximum average number of heterometallic nearest-neighbor interactions on a hexagonal lattice with two types of metal atoms is four. Calculated energies of periodic structural models show that those with four unlike nearest neighbors are most favorable. Of these, models in space group Immm give the best fits to the X-ray PDF data out to 8 Å, providing good descriptions of the short- and medium-range structures. This result shows that interactions beyond those of nearest neighbors must be considered when determining the structures of these materials. Such interactions are also important in (Cu1/3Ag1/3Au1/3)CN, leading to the adoption of a structure in Pmm2 containing mixed Cu-Au and Ag-only sheets arranged to maximize the numbers of Cu···Au nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Hibble
- Chemistry
Teaching Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
| | - Ann M. Chippindale
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Zbiri
- Institut
Laue-Langevin (IIL), 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble Cedex 9 38042, France
| | - Nicholas H. Rees
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Dean S. Keeble
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Heribert Wilhelm
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Stella d’Ambrumenil
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
- Institut
Laue-Langevin (IIL), 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble Cedex 9 38042, France
| | - David Seifert
- School of
Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle
University, Herschel Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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7
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Cano A, Rodríguez-Hernández J, Shchukarev A, Reguera E. Intercalation of pyrazine in layered copper nitroprusside: Synthesis, crystal structure and XPS study. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Cano A, Lartundo-Rojas L, Shchukarev A, Reguera E. Contribution to the coordination chemistry of transition metal nitroprussides: a cryo-XPS study. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00141g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The XPS Fe 2p3/2 core-level spectra of sodium hexacyanoferrate(ii) and sodium nitroprusside.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Cano
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada
- Unidad Legaria
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - L. Lartundo-Rojas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional
- Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías
- UPALM
- Mexico
| | - A. Shchukarev
- Department of Chemistry
- Umeå University
- 90187 Umeå
- Sweden
| | - E. Reguera
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada
- Unidad Legaria
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
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9
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Ultrasound Assisted High-Throughput Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazoles Libraries: A New Strategy for “Click” Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Using Copper(I/II) as a Catalyst. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Wong YTA, Landmann J, Finze M, Bryce DL. Dynamic Disorder and Electronic Structures of Electron-Precise Dianionic Diboranes: Insights from Solid-State Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8200-8211. [PMID: 28548827 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The J(11B,11B) coupling constants of various salts of the electron-precise hexacyanodiborane(6) dianion, [B2(CN)6]2-, were obtained using 11B double-quantum-filtered (DQF) J-resolved solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy. Our results show that the magnitude of the DQF J splitting is influenced by both the crystallographic symmetry of the system and the presence of dynamics. The splittings are amplified by a factor of 3 as compared to the corresponding theoretical J coupling constants for cases where (1) there is an absence of dynamics but the boron pairs are crystallographically equivalent or (2) the boron pairs are crystallographically inequivalent but are rendered magnetically equivalent on the time scale of the experiment due to dynamic disorder, which was identified by 11B and 13C SSNMR experiments. Consequently, molecular motions need to be taken into consideration when interpreting the results of DQF J-resolved experiments, and conversely, these experiments may be used to identify dynamic disorder. Variable-temperature NMR data support the notion of three different motional processes with correlation times ranging from 102 to 106 s-1 over the temperature range of 248-306 K. When molecular motion and crystallographic symmetry are both accounted for, the J(11B,11B) coupling constants for various [B2(CN)6]2- salts were measured to range from 29.4 to 35.8 Hz, and their electronic origins were determined using natural localized molecular orbital and natural bond orbital analyses. The coupling constants were found to strongly correlate to the hybridization states of the boron orbitals that form the B-B bonds and to the strength of the B-B bonds. This study provides a novel tool to study dynamics in ordered and disordered solids and provides new perspectives on electron-precise dianionic diboranes featuring two-center-two-electron bonds in the context of related compounds featuring multiply and singly bonded boron spin pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Angel Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences & Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N6N5
| | - Johannes Landmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences & Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N6N5
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11
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Falah M, MacKenzie KJD, Knibbe R, Page SJ, Hanna JV. New composites of nanoparticle Cu (I) oxide and titania in a novel inorganic polymer (geopolymer) matrix for destruction of dyes and hazardous organic pollutants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 318:772-782. [PMID: 27329791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
New photoactive composites to efficiently remove organic dyes from water are reported. These consist of Cu2O/TiO2 nanoparticles in a novel inorganic geopolymer matrix modified by a large tertiary ammonium species (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) whose presence in the matrix is demonstrated by FTIR spectroscopy. The CTAB does not disrupt the tetrahedral geopolymer structural silica and alumina units as demonstrated by (29)Si and (27)Al MAS NMR spectroscopy. SEM/EDS, TEM and BET measurements suggest that the Cu2O/TiO2 nanoparticles are homogenously distributed on the surface and within the geopolymer pores. The mechanism of removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from solution consists of a combination of adsorption (under dark conditions) and photodegradation (under UV radiation). MB adsorption in the dark follows pseudo second-order kinetics and is described by Freundlich-Langmuir type isotherms. The performance of the CTAB-modified geopolymer based composites is superior to composites based on unmodified geopolymer hosts, the most effective composite containing 5wt% Cu2O/TiO2 in a CTAB-modified geopolymer host. These composites constitute a new class of materials with excellent potential in environmental protection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahroo Falah
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Kenneth J D MacKenzie
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Ruth Knibbe
- Robinson Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Samuel J Page
- Department of Physics, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - John V Hanna
- Department of Physics, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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12
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Yi W, Yan X, Li R, Wang JQ, Zou S, Xiao L, Kobayashi H, Fan J. A new application of the traditional Fenton process to gold cyanide synthesis using acetonitrile as a cyanide source. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01025c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduced a general Fenton-reaction synthesis of metal cyanide solids using acetonitrile as a green cyanide source. This Fenton-improved cyanation method gets rid of CN− ions and UV-light efficiently, which is green and facile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuzhong Yi
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- Key Lab of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Ministry of Education of China
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Renhong Li
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Jian-Qiang Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201204
- China
| | - Shihui Zou
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Liping Xiao
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Hisayoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology
- Kyoto Institute of Technology
- Kyoto
- Japan
| | - Jie Fan
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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13
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Pan S, Gupta A, Saha R, Merino G, Chattaraj PK. A coupled-cluster study on the noble gas binding ability of metal cyanides versus metal halides (metal = Cu, Ag, Au). J Comput Chem 2015; 36:2168-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur 721302 India
- Department of Chemistry; Udai Pratap Autonomous College; Varanasi Uttar Pradesh 221002 India
| | - Ranajit Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida.; km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310 Mérida, Yuc. México
| | - Pratim K. Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur 721302 India
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14
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Yu H, Tan X, Bernard GM, Terskikh VV, Chen J, Wasylishen RE. Solid-State (63)Cu, (65)Cu, and (31)P NMR Spectroscopy of Photoluminescent Copper(I) Triazole Phosphine Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:8279-93. [PMID: 26101890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b04270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The results of a solid-state (63/65)Cu and (31)P NMR investigation of several copper(I) complexes with functionalized 3-(2'-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole and phosphine ligands that have shown potential in the preparation of photoluminescent devices are reported. For each complex studied, distinct NMR parameters, with moderate (63)Cu nuclear quadrupolar coupling constant (CQ) values ranging from -17.2 to -23.7 MHz, are attributed to subtle variations in the distorted four-coordinate environments about the copper nuclei. The spans of the copper chemical shift (CS) tensors, δ11-δ33, for the mono- and bisphosphine complexes are also similar, ranging from 1000 to 1150 ppm, but that for a complex with a strained bidentate phosphine ligand is only 650 ppm. The effects of residual dipolar and indirect spin-spin coupling arising from the (63/65)Cu- (31)P spin pairs, observed in the solid-state (31)P NMR spectra of these complexes, yield information about the orientations of the copper electric field gradient (EFG) tensors relative to the Cu-P bond. Variable-temperature (31)P NMR measurements for [Cu(bptzH)(dppe)]ClO4 (bptzH = 5-tert-butyl-3-(2'-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole; dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane), undertaken to investigate the cause of the broad unresolved spectra observed at room temperature, demonstrate that the broadening arises from partial self-decoupling of the (63/65)Cu nuclei, a consequence of rapid quadrupolar relaxation. Ab initio calculations of copper EFG and CS tensors were performed to probe relationships between NMR parameters and molecular structure. The analysis demonstrated that CQ((63/65)Cu) is negative for all complexes studied here and that the largest components of the EFG tensors are generally coincident with δ11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaguang Yu
- †Department of Chemistry, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.,§College of Physics Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Xiuzhen Tan
- ‡School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Guy M Bernard
- †Department of Chemistry, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Victor V Terskikh
- ∥Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jinglin Chen
- ‡School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Roderick E Wasylishen
- †Department of Chemistry, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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15
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Tsipis AC, Stalikas AV. Electronic, bonding, and optical properties of 1d [CuCN]n (n = 1-10) chains, 2d [CuCN]n (n = 2-10) nanorings, and 3d [Cun (CN)n ]m (n = 4, m = 2, 3; n = 10, m = 2) tubes studied by DFT/TD-DFT methods. J Comput Chem 2015; 36:1334-47. [PMID: 25907151 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The electronic, bonding, and photophysical properties of one-dimensional [CuCN](n) (n = 1-10) chains, 2-D [CuCN](n) (n = 2-10) nanorings, and 3-D [Cu(n)(CN)(n)](m) (n = 4, m = 2, 3; n = 10, m = 2) tubes are investigated by means of a multitude of computational methodologies using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent-density-functional theory (TD-DFT) methods. The calculations revealed that the 2-D [CuCN](n) (n = 2-10) nanorings are more stable than the respective 1-D [CuCN](n) (n = 2-10) linear chains. The 2-D [CuCN](n) (n = 2-10) nanorings are predicted to form 3-D [Cun (CN)(n)](m) (n = 4, m = 2, 3; n = 10, m = 2) tubes supported by weak stacking interactions, which are clearly visualized as broad regions in real space by the 3D plots of the reduced density gradient. The bonding mechanism in the 1-D [CuCN](n) (n = 1-10) chains, 2-D [CuCN](n) (n = 2-10) nanorings, and 3-D [Cu(n)(CN)(n)](m) (n = 4, m = 2, 3; n = 10, m = 2) tubes are easily recognized by a multitude of electronic structure calculation approaches. Particular emphasis was given on the photophysical properties (absorption and emission spectra) of the [CuCN](n) chains, nanorings, and tubes which were simulated by TD-DFT calculations. The absorption and emission bands in the simulated TD-DFT absorption and emission spectra have thoroughly been analyzed and assignments of the contributing principal electronic transitions associated to individual excitations have been made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios C Tsipis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic and General Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandros V Stalikas
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic and General Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
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Ferlay S, Dechambenoit P, Kyritsakas N, Hosseini MW. Molecular tectonics: tuning the dimensionality and topology of extended cyanocuprate networks using a bisamidinium cation. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:11661-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51252e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
The isotropic negative expansion of Zn(CN)2 has been linked to a temperature induced increase in off-axis tilting of the C–N bond direction and an increase in CN-bond length. However, the bond length could be determined only indirectly based on pair-distribution function analysis and was found to be surprisingly large. Here we study Zn(CN)2 by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and first principles calculations. By using samples enriched in
13
C and
15
N the dipole coupling between carbon and nitrogen is determined, and from this an upper bound on the C–N bond length of 1.19 ± 0.01 Å is derived. This quantity agrees with earlier determinations based on diffraction but is shorter than estimates based on pair distribution function analysis. The relation of this estimate to possible dynamics in the sample is discussed. Finally,
67
Zn NMR is used together with first principles calculations to assess disorder in the material.
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Chippindale AM, Hibble SJ, Bilbé EJ, Marelli E, Hannon AC, Allain C, Pansu R, Hartl F. Mixed Copper, Silver, and Gold Cyanides, (MxM′1–x)CN: Tailoring Chain Structures To Influence Physical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16387-400. [DOI: 10.1021/ja307087d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Chippindale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD,
U.K
| | - Simon J. Hibble
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Edward J. Bilbé
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD,
U.K
| | - Elena Marelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD,
U.K
| | - Alex C. Hannon
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Clémence Allain
- PPSM, CNRS
UMR 8531, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, 61, avenue
du President Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - Robert Pansu
- PPSM, CNRS
UMR 8531, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, 61, avenue
du President Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - František Hartl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD,
U.K
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Wodyński A, Repiský M, Pecul M. A comparison of two-component and four-component approaches for calculations of spin-spin coupling constants and NMR shielding constants of transition metal cyanides. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:014311. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4730944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Vakulka AA, Goreshnik EA, Mys’kiv MG. Synthesis and crystal structure of the equimolar complex of copper(I) cyanide with 3,3′-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy)]dipropanenitrile. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328412020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Bayse CA, Ming JL, Miller KM, McCollough SM, Pike RD. Photoluminescence of silver(I) and gold(I) cyanide 1D coordination polymers. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Geisheimer AR, Wren JEC, Michaelis VK, Kobayashi M, Sakai K, Kroeker S, Leznoff DB. Aggregation of [Au(CN)4]− Anions: Examination by Crystallography and 15N CP-MAS NMR and the Structural Factors Influencing Intermolecular Au···N Interactions. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:1265-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ic101782v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Geisheimer
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - John E. C. Wren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada
| | | | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
| | - Ken Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
| | - Scott Kroeker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Daniel B. Leznoff
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
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Luo Q, Li Q, Xie Y, King RB, Schaefer HF. Substantial Dissociation Energies for the Recently Synthesized NC−Ag−NH3 and Br−Ag−NH3 Molecules and Their Isovalent Family Members M(CN)XY3 and M(Br)XY3 (M = Cu, Ag, Au; X = N, P; Y = H, F). J Chem Theory Comput 2010; 7:131-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ct100664q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Qianshu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Yaoming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - R. Bruce King
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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Rossini AJ, Hamaed H, Schurko RW. The application of frequency swept pulses for the acquisition of nuclear quadrupole resonance spectra. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2010; 206:32-40. [PMID: 20576454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2010.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectra with wideband uniform rate and smooth truncation (WURST) pulses is investigated. (75)As and (35)Cl NQR spectra acquired with the WURST echo sequence are compared to those acquired with standard Hahn-echo sequences and echo sequences which employ composite refocusing pulses. The utility of WURST pulses for locating NQR resonances of unknown frequency is investigated by monitoring the integrated intensity and signal to noise of (35)Cl and (75)As NQR spectra acquired with transmitter offsets of several hundreds kilohertz from the resonance frequencies. The WURST echo sequence is demonstrated to possess superior excitation bandwidths in comparison to the pulse sequences which employ conventional monochromatic rectangular pulses. The superior excitation bandwidths of the WURST pulses allows for differences in the characteristic impedance of the receiving and excitation circuits of the spectrometer to be detected. Impedance mismatches have previously been reported by Marion and Desvaux [D.J.Y. Marion, H. Desvaux, J. Magn. Reson. (2008) 193(1) 153-157] and Muller et al. [M. Nausner, J. Schlagnitweit, V. Smrecki, X. Yang, A. Jerschow, N. Muller, J. Magn. Reson. (2009) 198(1) 73-79]. In this regard, WURST pulse sequences may afford an efficient new method for experimentally detecting impedance mismatches between receiving and excitation circuits, allowing for the optimization of solids and solution NMR and NQR spectrometer systems. The use of the Carr-Purcell Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence for signal enhancement of NQR spectra acquired with WURST pulses and conventional pulses is also investigated. Finally, the utility of WURST pulses for the acquisition of wideline NQR spectra is demonstrated by acquiring part of the (63/65)Cu NQR spectrum of CuCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Rossini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Okabayashi T, Okabayashi EY, Koto F, Ishida T, Tanimoto M. Detection of Free Monomeric Silver(I) and Gold(I) Cyanides, AgCN and AuCN: Microwave Spectra and Molecular Structure. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:11712-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja808153g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Okabayashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Oya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Oya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan, Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano-Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
| | - Emi Y. Okabayashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Oya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Oya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan, Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano-Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
| | - Fumi Koto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Oya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Oya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan, Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano-Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Ishida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Oya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Oya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan, Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano-Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Tanimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Oya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Oya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan, Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano-Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
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Aguiar PM, Katz MJ, Leznoff DB, Kroeker S. Natural abundance 13C and 15N solid-state NMR analysis of paramagnetic transition-metal cyanide coordination polymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:6925-34. [PMID: 19652826 DOI: 10.1039/b907747b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The (13)C and (15)N MAS NMR spectra of a series of well-characterized paramagnetic metal cyanide coordination polymers are acquired at natural abundance, without the need for polarization transfer methods such as cross-polarization or INEPT. For systems where the paramagnetic centre is outside of the cyanide framework, well-resolved (13)C and (15)N spectra of cyanide ligands are obtained. Chemical shifts deviate from typical diamagnetic cyanide ranges and depend only partly on the cyanide coordination type, being dominated by their proximity to the paramagnetic center. A combination of the observed isotropic chemical shifts, their temperature dependence, and transverse relaxation time constants (T(2)) provides valuable local structural information and lays the foundation for the structural elucidation of unknown paramagnetic metal-cyanide coordination polymers. Toward this end, we apply these solid-state NMR techniques to a pair of compounds without a priori knowledge of the structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Aguiar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Willans MJ, Wasylishen RE, McDonald R. Polymorphism of Potassium Ferrocyanide Trihydrate as Studied by Solid-State Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:4342-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ic802134j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew J. Willans
- Department of Chemistry and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Roderick E. Wasylishen
- Department of Chemistry and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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Amini SK, Tafazzoli M, Jenkins HA, Goward GR, Bain AD. Measurement and calculation of 13C and 15N NMR chemical-shift tensors of a push–pull ethylene. CAN J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/v09-018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Methyl 3-dimethylamino-2-cyanocrotonate (MDACC) has a remarkably weak carbon–carbon double bond. It has strong electron-withdrawing groups on one end and electron-donating groups on the other: a so-called push–pull ethylene. To investigate this unusual electronic structure, we have determined the crystal structure and measured both the 13C and 15N NMR chemical-shift tensors. These measurements are supplemented by shielding-tensor calculations done with density functional methods. The large difference (approximately 100 ppm) between isotropic chemical shifts of the two alkenyl carbons reflects a large charge release from the electron-donating side of C=C double bond to the electron-withdrawing groups. Comparison of the calculated orientations of the principal components of the alkenyl carbons obtained from ab initio calculations shows that the primary changes in charge density occur in the molecular plane. On the other hand, smaller charge density changes above and below the plane of the C=C double bond establish the conjugation of donor and acceptor groups with π* and π molecular orbitals of the central double bond, respectively, which lowers the barrier to rotation about this bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed K. Amini
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Tafazzoli
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hilary A. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516 Tehran, Iran
| | - Gillian R. Goward
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516 Tehran, Iran
| | - Alex D. Bain
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516 Tehran, Iran
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29
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Zhou XP, Lin SH, Li D, Yin YG. Two CuCN hybrid networks with unusual topology tuned by terpyridine ligands. CrystEngComm 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b904512k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Aguiar PM, Kroeker S. Cyanide orientational ordering and copper electric field gradients in CuCN·N2H4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:834-40. [DOI: 10.1039/b808266a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gschwind RM. Organocuprates and Diamagnetic Copper Complexes: Structures and NMR Spectroscopic Structure Elucidation in Solution. Chem Rev 2008; 108:3029-53. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800286r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M. Gschwind
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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Bowmaker GA, Hanna JV, Hahn FE, Lipton AS, Oldham CE, Skelton BW, Smith ME, White AH. Structural and spectroscopic studies of some copper(i) halide tert-butyl isocyanide adducts. Dalton Trans 2008:1710-20. [DOI: 10.1039/b712815k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tang JA, Ellis BD, Warren TH, Hanna JV, Macdonald CLB, Schurko RW. Solid-State 63Cu and 65Cu NMR Spectroscopy of Inorganic and Organometallic Copper(I) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:13049-65. [DOI: 10.1021/ja073238x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel A. Tang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4, Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, P.O Box 571227, Washington, D.C. 20057-1227, and ANSTO NMR Facility, Materials Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Australia, NSW, 2234
| | - Bobby D. Ellis
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4, Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, P.O Box 571227, Washington, D.C. 20057-1227, and ANSTO NMR Facility, Materials Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Australia, NSW, 2234
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4, Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, P.O Box 571227, Washington, D.C. 20057-1227, and ANSTO NMR Facility, Materials Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Australia, NSW, 2234
| | - John V. Hanna
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4, Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, P.O Box 571227, Washington, D.C. 20057-1227, and ANSTO NMR Facility, Materials Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Australia, NSW, 2234
| | - Charles L. B. Macdonald
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4, Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, P.O Box 571227, Washington, D.C. 20057-1227, and ANSTO NMR Facility, Materials Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Australia, NSW, 2234
| | - Robert W. Schurko
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4, Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, P.O Box 571227, Washington, D.C. 20057-1227, and ANSTO NMR Facility, Materials Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Australia, NSW, 2234
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Kujime M, Kurahashi T, Tomura M, Fujii H. 63Cu NMR spectroscopy of copper(I) complexes with various tridentate ligands: CO as a useful 63Cu NMR probe for sharpening 63Cu NMR signals and analyzing the electronic donor effect of a ligand. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:541-51. [PMID: 17279834 DOI: 10.1021/ic060745r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
63Cu NMR spectroscopic studies of copper(I) complexes with various N-donor tridentate ligands are reported. As has been previously reported for most copper(I) complexes, 63Cu NMR signals, when acetonitrile is coordinated to copper(I) complexes of these tridentate ligands, are broad or undetectable. However, when CO is bound to tridentate copper(I) complexes, the 63Cu NMR signals become much sharper and show a large downfield shift compared to those for the corresponding acetonitrile complexes. Temperature dependence of 63Cu NMR signals for these copper(I) complexes show that a quadrupole relaxation process is much more significant to their 63Cu NMR line widths than a ligand exchange process. Therefore, an electronic effect of the copper bound CO makes the 63Cu NMR signal sharp and easily detected. The large downfield shift for the copper(I) carbonyl complex can be explained by a paramagnetic shielding effect induced by the copper bound CO, which amplifies small structural and electronic changes that occur around the copper ion to be easily detected in their 63Cu NMR shifts. This is evidenced by the correlation between the 63Cu NMR shifts for the copper(I) carbonyl complexes and their nu(C[triple bond]O) values. Furthermore, the 63Cu NMR shifts for copper(I) carbonyl complexes with imino-type tridentate ligands show a different correlation line with those for amino-type tridentate ligands. On the other hand, 13C NMR shifts for the copper bound 13CO for these copper(I) carbonyl complexes do not correlate with the nu(C[triple bond]O) values. The X-ray crystal structures of these copper(I) carbonyl complexes do not show any evidence of a significant structural change around the Cu-CO moiety. The findings herein indicate that CO complexation makes 63Cu NMR spectroscopy much more useful for Cu(I) chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kujime
- Institute for Molecular Science and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
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Katz MJ, Aguiar PM, Batchelor RJ, Bokov AA, Ye ZG, Kroeker S, Leznoff DB. Structure and Multinuclear Solid-State NMR of a Highly Birefringent Lead−Gold Cyanide Coordination Polymer. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:3669-76. [PMID: 16536539 DOI: 10.1021/ja0566634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The coordination polymer Pb(H2O)[Au(CN)2]2 (1) was synthesized by the reaction of KAu(CN)2 and Pb(NO3)2. The structure contains 1-D chains of lead(II)-OH2 linked via Au(CN)2(-) moieties, generating a 2-D slab; weak aurophilic interactions of 3.506(2) and 3.4885(5) A occur within and between slabs. The geometry about each lead(II) is bicapped trigonal prismatic, having six N-bound cyanides at the prism vertices and waters at two of the faces. Dehydration at 175 degrees C yields microcrystalline Pb[Au(CN)2]2 (2), which, along with 1, was examined by 13C, 15N, 1H, and 207Pb solid-state NMR methods. Two 15N resonances are assigned to the mu2-bridging and hydrogen-bonding cyanides in 1. Upon dehydration, the 207Pb NMR spectrum becomes axially symmetric and yields a reduced shielding span, indicating higher site symmetry, while the 13C and 15N spectra reveal a single cyanide. Although no single-crystal X-ray structure of 2 could be obtained, a structure is proposed on the basis of the NMR and X-ray powder data, consisting of a lead(II) center in a distorted square-prismatic environment, with cyanides present at each corner. The birefringence of single crystals of 1 is found to be 7.0 x 10(-2) at room temperature. This value is large compared to that of most optical materials and can be attributed to the anisotropy of the 2-D slabs of 1, with all CN bonds aligned in the same direction by the polarizable lead(II) center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Katz
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
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37
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Ouyang L, Aguiar PM, Batchelor RJ, Kroeker S, Leznoff DB. A paramagnetic Cu(I)/Cu(II)/Zn(II) coordination polymer with multiple CN-binding modes and its solid-state NMR characterization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:744-6. [PMID: 16465326 DOI: 10.1039/b512430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Cu(I)/Cu(II)/Zn(II) mixed-valent [Cu(en)2][Zn(NC)4(CuCN)2] polymer, which has a 2-D layer structure with six structurally inequivalent cyanides in four distinct bonding modes, has been prepared; structurally informative 13C and 15N MAS NMR spectra of this paramagnetic system are readily observable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada
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38
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Draper ND, Batchelor RJ, Aguiar PM, Kroeker S, Leznoff DB. Factors Affecting the Solid-State Structure and Dimensionality of Mercury Cyanide/Chloride Double Salts, and NMR Characterization of Coordination Geometries. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:6557-67. [PMID: 15476352 DOI: 10.1021/ic049792e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the reaction of organic monocationic chlorides or coordinatively saturated metal-ligand complex chlorides with linear, neutral Hg(CN)(2) building blocks, the Lewis-acidic Hg(CN)(2) moieties accept the chloride ligands to form mercury cyanide/chloride double salt anions that in several cases form infinite 1-D and 2-D arrays. Thus, [PPN][Hg(CN)(2)Cl].H(2)O (1), [(n)Bu(4)N][Hg(CN)(2)Cl].0.5 H(2)O (2), and [Ni(terpy)(2)][Hg(CN)(2)Cl](2) (4) contain [Hg(CN)(2)Cl](2)(2-) anionic dimers ([PPN]Cl = bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium chloride, [(n)Bu(4)N]Cl = tetrabutylammonium chloride, terpy = 2,2':6',6' '-terpyridine). [Cu(en)(2)][Hg(CN)(2)Cl](2) (5) is composed of alternating 1-D chloride-bridged [Hg(CN)(2)Cl](n)(n-) ladders and cationic columns of [Cu(en)(2)](2+) (en = ethylenediamine). When [Co(en)(3)]Cl(3) is reacted with 3 equiv of Hg(CN)(2), 1-D [[Hg(CN)(2)](2)Cl](n)(n-) ribbons and [Hg(CN)(2)Cl(2)](2-) moieties are formed; both form hydrogen bonds to [Co(en)(3)](3+) cations, yielding [Co(en)(3)][Hg(CN)(2)Cl(2)][[Hg(CN)(2)](2)Cl] (6). In [Co(NH(3))(6)](2)[Hg(CN)(2)](5)Cl(6).2H(2)O (7), [Co(NH(3))(6)](3+) cations and water molecules are sandwiched between chloride-bridged 2-D anionic [[Hg(CN)(2)](5)Cl(6)](n)(6n-) layers, which contain square cavities. The presence (or absence), number, and profile of hydrogen bond donor sites of the transition metal amine ligands were observed to strongly influence the structural motif and dimensionality adopted by the anionic double salt complex anions, while cation shape and cation charge had little effect. (199)Hg chemical shift tensors and (1)J((13)C,(199)Hg) values measured in selected compounds reveal that the NMR properties are dominated by the Hg(CN)(2) moiety, with little influence from the chloride bonding characteristics. delta(iso)((13)CN) values in the isolated dimers are remarkably sensitive to the local geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D Draper
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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39
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40
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Hibble SJ, Hannon AC, Cheyne SM. Structure of AuCN determined from total neutron diffraction. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:4724-30. [PMID: 12870964 DOI: 10.1021/ic0342043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The structure of gold cyanide, AuCN, has been determined at 10 and 300 K using total neutron diffraction. The structure consists of infinite [bond]Au[bond](CN)[bond]Au[bond](CN)[bond] linear chains, hexagonally packed, with the gold atoms in sheets. The Au-C and Au-N bond lengths are found to be identical, with d(Au(-C/N) = 1.9703(5) A at 300 K. This work supersedes a previous study, by others, which used Rietveld analysis of neutron Bragg diffraction in isolation, and found these bonds to have significantly different lengths (Delta d = 0.24 A) at 300 K. The total correlation function, T(r), at 10 and 300 K, has been modeled using information derived from total diffraction. The broadening of inter- and intrachain correlations differs markedly due to random displacements of the chains in the direction of the chain axes. This is a consequence of the relatively weak bonding between the chains. An explanation for the negative thermal expansion in the c-direction, which occurs between 10 and 300 K, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Hibble
- School of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AD, UK.
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41
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Hibble SJ, Cheyne SM, Hannon AC, Eversfield SG. CuCN: a polymorphic material. Structure of one form determined from total neutron diffraction. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:4990-2. [PMID: 12354028 DOI: 10.1021/ic0257569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CuCN has been found to be polymorphic. The structure of one form, which is isomorphous with AgCN, has been determined using the information provided by Bragg and diffuse neutron scattering. The polymorph of CuCN formed has been found to depend on the Cu/CN ratio used in its preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Hibble
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K.
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42
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Colacio E, Kivekäs R, Lloret F, Sunberg M, Suarez-Varela J, Bardají M, Laguna A. Architecture dependence on the steric constrains of the ligand in cyano-bridged copper(I) and copper(II)-copper(I) mixed-valence polymer compounds containing diamines: crystal structures and spectroscopic and magnetic properties. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:5141-9. [PMID: 12354048 DOI: 10.1021/ic025743v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A family of cyano-bridged copper(II)-copper(I) mixed-valence polymers containing diamine ligands of formula [Cu(pn)(2)][Cu(2)(CN)(4)] (1, pn = 1,2-propanediamine), [Cu(2)(CN)(3)(dmen)] (2, dmen = N,N-dimethylethylenediamine), and [Cu(3)(CN)(4)(tmen)] (3, tmen = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine) have been prepared with the aim of analyzing how their architecture may be affected by steric constraints imposed by the diamine ligands. In the absence of diamine and with use of the voluminous NEt(4)(+) cation, the copper(I) polymer [NEt(4)][Cu(2)(CN)(3)] (4) forms. The structure of 1 consists of a three-dimensional diamond-related anionic framework host, [Cu(2)(CN)(4)](2-), and enclathrated [Cu(pn)(2)](2+) cations. The structure of 2 is made of neutral corrugated sheets constructed from fused 18-member nonplanar rings, which contain three equivalent copper(I) and three equivalent copper(II) centers bridged by cyanide groups in an alternative form. The 3D structure of 3 consists of interconnected stair-like double chains built from fused 18-member rings, which adopt a chairlike conformation. Each ring is constructed from two distorted trigonal planar Cu(I) centers, two bent seemingly two-coordinated Cu(I) centers, and two pentacoordinated Cu(II) atoms. The structure 4 is made of planar anionic layers [Cu(2)(CN)(3)](n)(n-) lying on mirror planes and NEt(4)(+) cations intercalated between the anionic layers. From the X-ray structural results and calculations based upon DFT theory some conclusions are drawn on the structure-steric factors correlation in these compounds. Compound 1 exhibits very weak luminescence at 77 K with a maximum in the emission spectrum at 520 nm, whereas compound 4 shows an intense luminescence at room temperature with a maximum in the emission spectrum at 371 nm. Polymers 2 and 3 exhibit weak antiferromagnetic magnetic exchange interactions with J = -0.065(3) and -2.739(5) cm(-1), respectively. This behavior have been justified on the basis of the sum of two contributions: one arising from the pure ground-state configuration and the other one from the charge-transfer configuration Cu(I)-CN-Cu(II)-CN-Cu(II) that mixes with the ground-state configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Colacio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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43
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Bryce DL, Wasylishen RE. Insight into the structure of silver cyanide from (13)C and (15)N solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:4131-8. [PMID: 12160400 DOI: 10.1021/ic0201553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structure of silver cyanide has been investigated by solid-state multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 NMR spectra of magic-angle-spinning (MAS) and stationary powder samples of isotopically enriched Ag(13)CN, Ag(13)C(15)N, and AgC(15)N have been acquired at the external applied magnetic field strengths 4.7, 7.05, and 9.4 T. Axially symmetric carbon and nitrogen chemical shift (CS) tensors provide evidence for linearity of the polymeric (-Ag-CN-)(n)() chains. A two-site model is required to successfully simulate the (13)C MAS NMR line shape, which is dominated by indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling between (109/107)Ag and (13)C nuclei. In combination with relativistic zeroth-order regular approximation density functional theory (ZORA-DFT) calculations on model AgCN fragments, the (13)C MAS NMR results show that 30 +/- 10% of the silver sites are disordered, that is, either -NC-Ag-CN- or -CN-Ag-NC-, and 70 +/- 10% of the silver sites are ordered, that is, -NC-Ag-NC-. Effective dipolar coupling data extracted from (13)C NMR spectra of stationary samples allow an upper limit of 1.194 A to be placed on the carbon-nitrogen internuclear distance. After incorporation of the effects of anisotropic indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling and motional averaging on the NMR-derived distance, a corrected value of r(CN) = 1.16 +/- 0.03 A is obtained. This work provides an example of the type of information which may be obtained from solid-state NMR studies of disordered materials and how such information may complement that available from diffraction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4J3
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Grotjahn DB, Brewster MA, Ziurys LM. The first precise molecular structure of a monomeric transition metal cyanide, copper(I) cyanide. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:5895-901. [PMID: 12010065 DOI: 10.1021/ja0122492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper(I) cyanide is an important reagent in organic, organometallic, and supramolecular chemistry because of both the copper center and the versatile cyanide ligand. Solid-phase CuCN and many of its derivatives show oligomeric or polymeric structures, a trait shared by other metal cyanides. Often, it is difficult to specify the orientation of the cyano ligand in an X-ray structure. Here the first preparation and precise structure of a monomeric transition metal cyanide is reported. Gas-phase reaction between copper vapor and cyanogen (NCCN) clearly gives CuCN (not CuNC). The precise structure of CuCN so produced is determined by millimeter/submillimeter-wave spectroscopy. Because of the highly efficient synthesis and the presence of significant amounts of two copper isotopes, such strong signals were seen that natural-abundance materials allowed observation of transitions for the four isotopomers (63)Cu(12)C(14)N, (65)Cu(12)C(14)N, (63)Cu(13)C(14)N, and (63)Cu(12)C(15)N and the determination of r(o), r(s), and r(m)((2)) structures. All data unequivocally show a linear geometry and that the carbon of cyanide is bound to copper with a Cu-C distance of 1.82962(4) A in the r(m)((2)) structure, which is likely to be closest to the equilibrium geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Grotjahn
- Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, USA.
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45
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Hibble SJ, Cheyne SM, Hannon AC, Eversfield SG. Beyond Bragg scattering: the structure of AgCN determined from total neutron diffraction. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:1042-4. [PMID: 11874335 DOI: 10.1021/ic015610u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Total neutron diffraction has yielded accurate bond lengths, Ag-C = Ag-N = 2.06 A and C-N = 1.16 A, for the disordered crystalline solid AgCN. This information cannot be obtained from analysis of Bragg scattering studies, because the (-Ag-CN-)(n) chains are randomly displaced along the chain axis relative to each other by a root-mean-square displacement of 0.24 A at 10 K. These results show the power of total neutron diffraction for determining structure in disordered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Hibble
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K.
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46
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McGlinchey MJ. 2000 Alcan Award Lecture Adventures in organometallic NMR: steric restraints, slowed rotations, and skeletal rearrangements. CAN J CHEM 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/v01-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The structures and NMR fluxionality of a wide variety of organometallic complexes (including tetrahedral cluster cations and systems of the type (CnRn)ML3, where R = Et, Ph) are discussed. Barriers to tripodal and peripheral substituent rotations are reported, and the relevance of correlated rotations to molecular machines is outlined. Haptotropic shifts in (cyclopenta[def]phenanthrenyl)MLn and (cyclopenta[l]phenanthrenyl)MLn complexes are rationalized in terms of the aromatic character of the transition states. Likewise, the barriers to silatropic shifts in polyindenylsilanes can be correlated with the aromaticity of the intermediate isoindenes. Finally, the use of cobalt clusters to control cyclohexane ring conformations is described.Key words: NMR ring currents, fluxionality, correlated rotations, molecular rearrangements, haptotropic shifts.
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47
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Persky NS, Chow JM, Poschmann KA, Lacuesta NN, Stoll SL, Bott SG, Obrey S. Hydrothermal syntheses, structures, and properties of [Cu3Cl2CN(pyrazine)] and copper(I) halide pyrazine polymers. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:29-35. [PMID: 11195383 DOI: 10.1021/ic000185a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Crystals of copper halide and pseudohalide compounds with pyrazine are synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The title compound, [Cu3Cl2CNPz] (1) (Pz = pyrazine), is a new copper compound exhibiting an unusual -(Cu3Cl2)- polymeric stair structural motif and three-coordinate cyanide. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/m, with a = 3.6530(7) A, b = 17.160(3) A, c = 6.9800(14) A, beta = 90.58(3) degrees, and Z = 2. In addition, the series of complexes [Cu2X2Pz] for X = Cl (2), Br (3), and I (4) are also crystallized under hydrothermal conditions. The inorganic polymer [Cu2Br2Pz] (3) belongs to the triclinic space group P1, with a = 6.9671(14) A, b = 7.849(2) A, c = 8.099(2) A, alpha = 71.69(3) degrees, beta = 70.71(3) degrees, gamma = 85.43(3) degrees, and Z = 2. The structure of 3, is similar to the recently reported structure for [Cu2Cl2Pz] (2) (Kawata, S.; Kitagawa, S.; Kumagai, H.; Iwabuchi, S.; Katada, M. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1998, 267, 143). The third member of the series, [Cu2I2Pz], is found to be isostructural on the basis of X-ray powder diffraction results. The lattice parameters are refined from indexed reflections to a = 7.115(10) A, b = 8.321(19) A, c = 8.378(17) A, alpha = 71.1(3) degrees, beta = 67.3(1) degrees, and gamma = 83.0(2) degrees. Electronic spectra show that compounds 1-4 have optical band gaps in the range 2.2-2.4 eV. The infrared and Raman spectra as well as the thermal properties of all compounds are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Persky
- Department of Chemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, USA
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48
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Bowmaker GA, Hartl H, Urban V. Crystal Structures and Vibrational Spectroscopy of [NBu4][Cu(CN)X] (X = Br, I) and [NBu4][Cu3(CN)4]·CH3CN. Inorg Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ic000399s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham A. Bowmaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand, and Institut für Chemie/Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Hartl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand, and Institut für Chemie/Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria Urban
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand, and Institut für Chemie/Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Negishi Y, Yasuike T, Hayakawa F, Kizawa M, Yabushita S, Nakajima A, Kaya K. Photoelectron spectroscopy of copper cyanide cluster anions: On the possibility of linear and ring structures. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Abstract
Direct NMR observation of copper-63/65 nuclei in solid K3Cu(CN)4 provides the first experimental example of anisotropic copper chemical shielding. Axially symmetric by virtue of the space group symmetry, the shielding tensor spans 42 ppm, with the greatest shielding when the unique axis is perpendicular to the applied magnetic field. The nuclear quadrupole coupling constant is also appreciable, CQ(63Cu) = -1.125 MHz, reflecting a deviation of the Cu(CN)43- anion from pure tetrahedral symmetry. Spin-spin coupling to 13C nuclei in an isotopically enriched sample is quantified by line-shape simulations of both 13C and 63/65Cu magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra to be 300 Hz. It is shown that this information is also directly available by 63/65Cu triple-quantum (3Q) MAS NMR. The relative merits of these three approaches to characterizing spin-spin couplings involving half-integer quadrupolar nuclei are discussed. Chemical shielding tensors for nitrogen-15 and carbon-13 are obtained from NMR spectra of non-spinning samples, and are compared to those of tetrahedral group 12 tetracyanometallates. Finally, 2J(63/65Cu,15N) detected in 15N MAS experiments are found to be 19 and 20 Hz for the two crystallographically distinct cyanide ligands.Key words: NMR, quadrupolar nucleus, chemical shielding tensor, multiple-quantum magic-angle spinning, metal cyanide, spin-spin coupling.
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