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Nishikata T. α-Halocarbonyls as a Valuable Functionalized Tertiary Alkyl Source. ChemistryOpen 2024:e202400108. [PMID: 38989712 DOI: 10.1002/open.202400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review introduces the synthetic organic chemical value of α-bromocarbonyl compounds with tertiary carbons. This α-bromocarbonyl compound with a tertiary carbon has been used primarily only as a radical initiator in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reactions. However, with the recent development of photo-radical reactions (around 2010), research on the use of α-bromocarbonyl compounds as tertiary alkyl radical precursors became popular (around 2012). As more examples were reported, α-bromocarbonyl compounds were studied not only as radicals but also for their applications in organometallic and ionic reactions. That is, α-bromocarbonyl compounds act as nucleophiles as well as electrophiles. The carbonyl group of α-bromocarbonyl compounds is also attractive because it allows the skeleton to be converted after the reaction, and it is being applied to total synthesis. In our survey until 2022, α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used to perform a full range of reactions necessary for organic synthesis, including multi-component reactions, cross-coupling, substitution, cyclization, rearrangement, stereospecific reactions, asymmetric reactions. α-Bromocarbonyl compounds have created a new trend in tertiary alkylation, which until then had limited reaction patterns in organic synthesis. This review focuses on how α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used in synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishikata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan
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2
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Liu H, Sun G, Zhang Y, Li Y, Dong B, Gao B. Acid-Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Amino Acid Derivatives from Sulfinamides and Alkynes. Org Lett 2024; 26:1601-1606. [PMID: 38373161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
An enantioselective difunctionalization of activated alkynes using chiral sulfinamide reagents is developed. It is an atom and chirality transfer process that allows for the modular synthesis of optically active α-amino acid derivatives under mild conditions. The reaction proceeds through an acid-catalyzed [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement mechanism with predictable stereochemistry and a broad scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Guangwu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC) Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P. R. China
| | - Yongxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Baobiao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Bing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
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3
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Yajima T, Katayama A, Ito T, Kawada T, Yabushita K, Yasuda T, Ohta T, Katayama T, Utsumi N, Kayaki Y, Kuwata S. Asymmetric Reductive Amination of α-Keto Acids Using Ir-Based Hydrogen Transfer Catalysts: An Access to Unprotected Unnatural α-Amino Acids. Org Lett 2024; 26:1426-1431. [PMID: 38334425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
A direct asymmetric reductive amination of α-keto acids catalyzed by Cp*Ir complexes bearing a chiral N-(2-picolyl)sulfonamidato ligand is described. The combined use of optically active 2-phenyglycinol as an aminating agent is effective for the chemo- and stereoselective transfer hydrogenation using formic acid. The subsequent elimination of the hydroxyethyl moiety by orthoperiodic acid can afford various unprotected α-amino acids in satisfactory isolated yields (20 examples) with excellent optical purities (up to >99% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Yajima
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Company, Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Akito Katayama
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Company, Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Ito
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Company, Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Takuma Kawada
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Company, Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Kenya Yabushita
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Company, Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Yasuda
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Company, Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Company, Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Takeaki Katayama
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Company, Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Utsumi
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Company, Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kayaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-E4-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kuwata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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4
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Zhang Y, Vanderghinste J, Wang J, Das S. Challenges and recent advancements in the synthesis of α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1474. [PMID: 38368416 PMCID: PMC10874380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
α,α-Disubstituted α-amino acids (α-AAs) have improved properties compared to other types of amino acids. They serve as modifiers of peptide conformation and as precursors of bioactive compounds. Therefore, it has been a long-standing goal to construct this highly valuable scaffold efficiently in organic synthesis and drug discovery. However, access to α,α-disubstituted α-AAs is highly challenging and largely unexplored due to their steric constraints. To overcome these, remarkable advances have been made in the last decades. Emerging strategies such as synergistic enantioselective catalysis, visible-light-mediated photocatalysis, metal-free methodologies and CO2 fixation offer new avenues to access the challenging synthesis of α,α-disubstituted α-AAs and continuously bring additional contributions to this field. This review article aims to provide an overview of the recent advancements since 2015 and discuss existing challenges for the synthesis of α,α-disubstituted α-AAs and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Jaro Vanderghinste
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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5
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Chen KL, Tanaka F. Organocatalytic enantioselective Mannich and retro-Mannich reactions and combinations of these reactions to afford tetrasubstituted α-amino acid derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:477-481. [PMID: 38099926 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01855e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Organocatalytic asymmetric Mannich reactions and kinetic resolutions of the products via retro-Mannich reactions that afford enantiomerically enriched tetrasubstituted α-amino acid derivatives (α,α-disubstituted-α-amino acid derivatives) were developed. Furthermore, the combination of the Mannich reaction and the retro-Mannich reaction allowed access to products with almost perfect enantiopurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lin Chen
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Fujie Tanaka
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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6
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Mishima M, Sugiyama KI. Considerations for the genotoxicity assessment of middle size peptide drugs containing non-canonical amino acid residues. Genes Environ 2023; 45:36. [PMID: 38093344 PMCID: PMC10720048 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Middle size peptides (MSPs) have emerged as a promising new pharmaceutical modality. We are seeking the best way to assess the non-clinical safety of MSPs. CONSIDERATION The requirements for assessing the genotoxicity of pharmaceuticals differ between small molecule drugs and biotherapeutics. Genotoxicity tests are necessary for small molecule drugs but not for biotherapeutics. MSPs, however, share similarities with both small molecule drugs and biotherapeutics. Here, we describe important points to consider in assessing the genotoxicity of MSP drugs. The current standard of genotoxicity assessment for small molecules may not be entirely appropriate for MSP drugs. MSP drugs need genotoxicity assessment mostly according to the current standard of small molecule drugs. CONCLUSION We propose a few modifications to the standard test battery of genotoxicity tests, specifically, the inclusion of an in vitro gene mutation test using mammalian cells, and exclusion of (Q)SAR assessment on MSP-related impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Mishima
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-8602, Japan.
| | - Kei-Ichi Sugiyama
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
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7
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Wang WF, Liu KQ, Niu C, Wang YS, Yao YR, Yin ZC, Chen M, Ye SQ, Yang S, Wang GW. Electrosynthesis of buckyballs with fused-ring systems from PCBM and its analogue. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8052. [PMID: 38052783 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
[6,6]-Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), a star molecule in the fullerene field, has found wide applications in materials science. Herein, electrosynthesis of buckyballs with fused-ring systems has been achieved through radical α-C-H functionalization of the side-chain ester for both PCBM and its analogue, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-propionic acid methyl ester (PCPM), in the presence of a trace amount of oxygen. Two classes of buckyballs with fused bi- and tricyclic carbocycles have been electrochemically synthesized. Furthermore, an unknown type of a bisfulleroid with two tethered [6,6]-open orifices can also be efficiently generated from PCPM. All three types of products have been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. A representative intramolecularly annulated isomer of PCBM has been applied as an additive to inverted planar perovskite solar cells and boosted a significant enhancement of power conversion efficiency from 15.83% to 17.67%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Feng Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Qing Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Niu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Shu Wang
- Hefei No. 1 High School, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Chun Yin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Qi Ye
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China.
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8
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Li Y, Guo S, Li QH, Zheng K. Metal-free photoinduced C(sp 3)-H/C(sp 3)-H cross-coupling to access α‑tertiary amino acid derivatives. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6225. [PMID: 37802984 PMCID: PMC10558569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction is the most direct and efficient method for constructing α-tertiary amino acids (ATAAs), which avoids the pre-activation of C(sp3)-H substrates. However, the use of transition metals and harsh reaction conditions are still significant challenges for these reactions that urgently require solutions. This paper presents a mild, metal-free CDC reaction for the construction of ATAAs, which is compatible with various benzyl C-H substrates, functionalized C-H substrates, and alkyl substrates, with good regioselectivity. Notably, our method exhibits excellent functional group tolerance and late-stage applicability. According to mechanistic studies, the one-step synthesized and bench-stable N-alkoxyphtalimide generates a highly electrophilic trifluoro ethoxy radical that serves as a key intermediate in the reaction process and acts as a hydrogen atom transfer reagent. Therefore, our metal-free and additive-free method offers a promising strategy for the synthesis of ATAAs under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shaopeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qing-Han Li
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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9
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Ričko S, Bitsch RS, Kaasik M, Otevřel J, Højgaard Madsen M, Keimer A, Jørgensen KA. Enantioconvergent 6π Electrocyclization Enabled by Photoredox Racemization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20913-20926. [PMID: 37753541 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a novel photoredox-enabled enantioconvergent catalytic strategy used to construct chiral 2H-1,3-benzoxazines via an unprecedented oxa-6π electrocyclization utilizing racemic α-substituted glycinates as substrates. The approach leverages a cobalt-based chiral Lewis acid catalyst, which promotes the transformation under thermal or photoredox conditions. While the thermal reaction selectively converts only the (S)-configured glycinates into enantioenriched 2H-1,3-benzoxazines (up to 96:4 e.r.), the addition of 0.5 mol % of a commercially available iridium photocatalyst under visible light irradiation transforms the reaction into an enantioconvergent process. Detailed mechanistic and time course studies of optically pure α-deuterated substrates revealed the presence of an enantiospecific kinetic isotope effect, which helped to clarify the role of both the photo- and chiral Lewis acid catalyst in the reaction sequence. In this dual catalytic system, the photocatalyst promotes a dynamic interconversion between the substrate enantiomers─a process not accessible via ground-state chemistry─while the chiral Lewis acid selectively transforms only the (S)-configured substrates. Further mechanistic evidence for the proposed mechanism is provided by linear free energy relationship analysis, which suggests that the stereodetermining step involves a 6π electrocyclization under both thermal and photoredox conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastijan Ričko
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - René Slot Bitsch
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mikk Kaasik
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan Otevřel
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Anna Keimer
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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10
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Sessa L, Diana R, Gentile FS, Mazzaglia F, Panunzi B. AIEgen orthopalladated hybrid polymers for efficient inactivation of the total coliforms in urban wastewater. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15790. [PMID: 37737240 PMCID: PMC10516893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitorable AIE polymers with a bioactive pattern are employed in advanced biomedical applications such as functional coatings, theranostic probes, and implants. After the global COVID-19 pandemic, interest in developing surfaces with superior antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and antiviral activities dramatically increased. Many formulations for biocide surfaces are based on hybrid organic/inorganic materials. Palladium (II) complexes display relevant activity against common bacteria, even higher when compared to their uncoordinated ligands. This article reports the design and synthesis of two series of orthopalladated polymers obtained by grafting a cyclopalladated fragment on two different O, N chelating Schiff base polymers. Different grafting percentages were examined and compared for each organic polymer. The fluorescence emission in the solid state was explored on organic matrixes and grafted polymers. DFT analysis provided a rationale for the role of the coordination core. The antibacterial response of the two series of hybrid polymers was tested against the total coliform group of untreated urban wastewater, revealing excellent inactivation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Sessa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Rosita Diana
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy.
| | - Francesco Silvio Gentile
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Strada Comunale Cinthia, 26, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Mazzaglia
- C.R.A. S.R.L., Calle Giovanni Legrenzi, 2, 30171, Venice, VE, Italy
| | - Barbara Panunzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
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11
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Li Q, Liu Y, Li C. Picolinaldehyde-Zinc(II)-Palladium(0) Catalytic System for the Asymmetric α-Allylation of N-Unprotected Amino Esters. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301348. [PMID: 37237423 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Reported in this work is a synergistic ternary achiral picolinaldehyde-Zn(II)-chiral palladium complex system for the highly enantioselective α-allylation of N-unprotected amino esters. By utilizing a variety of allylic carbonates or vinyl benzoxazinanones as substrates, α-allyl α-amino esters were obtained in high yields (up to 96 %) with high enantioselectivities (up to 98 % ee). Control experiments suggest that the coordination of Zn(II) with the Schiff base intermediate enhances the acidity of the α-C-H bonds of amino esters, thereby favoring α-allylation over intrinsic N-allylation. Furthermore, NMR studies reveal an interaction between the chiral palladium complex and the Zn(II)-Schiff base intermediate, leading to the formation of a picolinaldehyde-Zn(II)-Pd(0) catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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12
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Zhu K, Ma Y, Wu Z, Wu J, Lu Y. Energy-Transfer-Enabled Regioconvergent Alkylation of Azlactones via Photocatalytic Radical–Radical Coupling. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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13
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Gong Z, Wang J, Shao S, Fan B, Shi Y, Qian L, Lu K, Gao S. H2O2 activation over Cu-Schiff bases nanozyme for the removal of amlodipine: Kinetics, mechanism and toxicity evaluation. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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14
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Li Y, Yang J, Geng X, Tao P, Shen Y, Su Z, Zheng K. Modular Construction of Unnatural α‐Tertiary Amino Acid Derivatives by Multicomponent Radical Cross‐Couplings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210755. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Geng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Pan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Yanling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
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15
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Ji P, Chen J, Meng X, Gao F, Dong Y, Xu H, Wang W. Design of Photoredox-Catalyzed Giese-Type Reaction for the Synthesis of Chiral Quaternary α-Aryl Amino Acid Derivatives via Clayden Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14706-14714. [PMID: 36264622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chiral quaternary α-aryl amino acids are biologically valued but synthetically challenging building blocks. Herein, we report a strategy for the synthesis of molecular architectures by unifying a photoredox catalytic asymmetric Giese-type reaction and Clayden rearrangement. A new class of chiral Karady-Beckwith dehydroalanines is designed and serves as a versatile handle for the photoredox-mediated highly stereoselective Giese-type reaction with feedstock carboxylic acids and tertiary amines. Subsequent Clayden rearrangement delivers chiral quaternary α-aryl amino acid derivatives with high stereoselectivity. The versatile approach offers a reliable source for the assembly of highly demanding chiral building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0207, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0207, United States
| | - Xiang Meng
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0207, United States
| | - Feng Gao
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0207, United States
| | - Yue Dong
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0207, United States
| | - Hang Xu
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0207, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0207, United States
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16
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Diana R, Gentile FS, Carella A, Di Costanzo L, Panunzi B. Insights into Two Novel Orthopalladated Chromophores with Antimicrobial Activity against Escherichia coli. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186060. [PMID: 36144794 PMCID: PMC9504776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced chromophoric tools, besides being biologically active, need to meet the expectations of the technological demands including stability, colour retention, and proper solubility for their target. Many coordination compounds of conjugated ligands are antibacterial dyes, able to combine a strong dyeing performance with a useful biological activity. Specifically, palladium (II) complexes of Schiff base ligands are known for their relevant activity against common bacteria. In this article, we report the synthesis and comprehensive experimental and theoretical characterization of two novel Pd(II) chromophore complexes obtained from a cyclopalladated Schiff base as two different chelating azo dyes. The antibacterial response of these two novel complexes was tested against the ubiquitous Escherichia coli bacterium in an aqueous medium and revealed a noteworthy antimicrobial activity, higher than when compared with their uncoordinated biologically active ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Diana
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Francesco Silvio Gentile
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonio Carella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Strada Comunale Cinthia, 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Costanzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Barbara Panunzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Correspondence:
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17
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Babu MH, Sim J. Radical‐Mediated C‐H Alkylation of Glycine Derivatives: A Straightforward Strategy for Diverse α‐Unnatural Amino Acids. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madala Hari Babu
- Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Jaehoon Sim
- Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-guW6 College of Pharmacy 34134 Daejeon KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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18
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Wang B, Li M, Gao G, Sanz-Vidal A, Zheng B, Walsh PJ. Synthesis of Tryptamines from Radical Cyclization of 2-Iodoaryl Allenyl Amines and Coupling with 2-Azallyls. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8099-8103. [PMID: 35675635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of tryptamines is developed. Indole structures were constructed using 2-iodoaryl allenyl amines as electron acceptors and radical cyclization precursors. Radical-radical coupling of indolyl methyl radicals and azaallyl radicals led to the tryptamine derivatives. The utility and versatility of this method are showcased by the synthesis of 22 examples of tryptamines in ≤88% yield. In each case, indole formation is accompanied by in situ removal of the Boc protecting group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Minyan Li
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Gui Gao
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Alvaro Sanz-Vidal
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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19
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Bhasin AKK, Chauhan P, Chaudhary S, Umar A, Baskoutas S. Highly Sensitive and Selective Sulfite Ion Sensor Based on Biochemically Stable Iodo‐Functionalized Coumarin Fluorophores. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pooja Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh India)- 160014
| | - Savita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh India)- 160014
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry College of Science and Arts Najran University Najran-11001 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED) Najran University Najran 11001 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry College of Science and Arts Najran University Najran-11001 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED) Najran University Najran 11001 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sotirios Baskoutas
- Prof. Sotirios Baskoutas Department of Materials Science University of Patras Patras Greece
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20
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Duan S, Zi Y, Wang L, Cong J, Chen W, Li M, Zhang H, Yang X, Walsh PJ. α-Branched amines through radical coupling with 2-azaallyl anions, redox active esters and alkenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3740-3747. [PMID: 35432903 PMCID: PMC8966660 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00500j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Branched amines are fundamental building blocks in a variety of natural products and pharmaceuticals. Herein is reported a unique cascade reaction that enables the preparation of α-branched amines bearing aryl or alkyl groups at the β- or γ-positions. The cascade is initiated by reduction of redox active esters to alkyl radicals. The resulting alkyl radicals are trapped by styrene derivatives, leading to benzylic radicals. The persistent 2-azaallyl radicals and benzylic radicals are proposed to undergo a radical-radical coupling leading to functionalized amine products. Evidence is provided that the role of the nickel catalyst is to promote formation of the alkyl radical from the redox active ester and not promote the C-C bond formation. The synthetic method introduced herein tolerates a variety of imines and redox active esters, allowing for efficient construction of amine building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Yujin Zi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Jielun Cong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Minyan Li
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
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21
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Zi Q, Li M, Cong J, Deng G, Duan S, Yin M, Chen W, Jing H, Yang X, Walsh PJ. Super-Electron-Donor 2-Azaallyl Anions Enable Construction of Isoquinolines. Org Lett 2022; 24:1786-1790. [PMID: 35212552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein is introduced the application of "super-electron-donor"(SED) 2-azaallyl anions in a tandem reduction/radical cyclization/radical coupling/aromatization protocol that enables the rapid construction of isoquinolines. The value of this transition-metal-free method is highlighted by the wide range of isoquinoline ethyl amines prepared with good functional group tolerance and yields. An operationally simple gram scale synthesis is also conducted, confirming the scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxing Zi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Minyan Li
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jielun Cong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Guogang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Shengzu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Meng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Hong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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22
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Ceramella J, Iacopetta D, Catalano A, Cirillo F, Lappano R, Sinicropi MS. A Review on the Antimicrobial Activity of Schiff Bases: Data Collection and Recent Studies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020191. [PMID: 35203793 PMCID: PMC8868340 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schiff bases (SBs) have extensive applications in different fields such as analytical, inorganic and organic chemistry. They are used as dyes, catalysts, polymer stabilizers, luminescence chemosensors, catalyzers in the fixation of CO2 biolubricant additives and have been suggested for solar energy applications as well. Further, a wide range of pharmacological and biological applications, such as antimalarial, antiproliferative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antipyretic, antibacterial and antifungal uses, emphasize the need for SB synthesis. Several SBs conjugated with chitosan have been studied in order to enhance the antibacterial activity of chitosan. Moreover, the use of the nanoparticles of SBs may improve their antimicrobial effects. Herein, we provide an analytical overview of the antibacterial and antifungal properties of SBs and chitosan-based SBs as well as SBs-functionalized nanoparticles. The most relevant and recent literature was reviewed for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (J.C.); (D.I.); (F.C.); (R.L.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (J.C.); (D.I.); (F.C.); (R.L.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0805442746
| | - Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (J.C.); (D.I.); (F.C.); (R.L.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (J.C.); (D.I.); (F.C.); (R.L.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (J.C.); (D.I.); (F.C.); (R.L.); (M.S.S.)
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23
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Ikeda T, Ochiishi H, Yoshida M, Yazaki R, Ohshima T. Catalytic Dehydrogenative β-Alkylation of Amino Acid Schiff Bases with Hydrocarbon. Org Lett 2022; 24:369-373. [PMID: 34918939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic method for the synthesis of a highly congested α,β-dehydroamino acid through the β-C-H bond activation of an amino acid Schiff base is described. Abundant hydrocarbon feedstock could be used as an alkylating reagent to afford an α,β-dehydroamino acid bearing a quaternary carbon at the γ-position with an exclusively (Z)-geometry. Notably, a tetrasubstituted olefin could be constructed from saturated starting materials. The transformation of the synthesized α,β-dehydroamino acid into unnatural α-amino acid derivatives was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsu Ikeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Haruka Ochiishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mana Yoshida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryo Yazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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24
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Wang X, Chen Y, Liang P, Chen JQ, Wu J. Synthesis of γ-amino acids via photocatalyzed intermolecular carboimination of alkenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00741j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a direct approach to achieve the energy transfer-driven carboimination of alkenes for the synthesis of a diverse collection of valuable γ-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Ping Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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25
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Liu T, Ni S, Guo W. Practical asymmetric amine nucleophilic approach for the modular construction of protected α-quaternary amino acids. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6806-6812. [PMID: 35774153 PMCID: PMC9200120 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02318k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first amine nucleophilic approach for the modular construction of enantioenriched protected α-quaternary amino acids. The key to success is the use of an alcohol solvent, which makes a rationally designed COOMe-bonded Cu-allenylidene electrophilic intermediate stable enough to couple with amine nucleophiles before its decomposition. The reaction features wide functional group tolerance with high enantioselectivity, typically >90% ee, and is amenable to the modification of commercially available bioactive molecules. The resultant protected α-amino acids could be readily converted into a number of precious enantioenriched amines featuring α-hindered tertiary carbon centers, which are otherwise synthetically quite challenging, including those of α-amino aldehyde, peptides or α-vinyl amino ester with >92% ee in excellent yields. This protocol could be utilized for the synthesis of the protected bioactive α-ethylnorvaline in 3 steps, a significant advancement in comparison to an 11-step sequence reported previously. We report the first amine nucleophilic approach for the modular construction of enantioenriched protected α-quaternary amino acids.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanxiang Road 99, Xi'an 710045, China
| | - Shaofei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Wusheng Guo
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanxiang Road 99, Xi'an 710045, China
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26
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State of the art two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks: Prospects from rational design and reactions to applications for advanced energy storage technologies. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Woldegiorgis AG, Han Z, Lin X. Chiral Phosphoric Acid‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrazole‐Based Unnatural α‐Amino Acid Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alemayehu Gashaw Woldegiorgis
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Han
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Xufeng Lin
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
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28
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Xu Y, Liu D, Deng Y, Zhou Y, Zhang W. Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 3-Benzoylaminocoumarins for the Synthesis of Chiral 3-Amino Dihydrocoumarins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23602-23607. [PMID: 34596267 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric hydrogenation of 3-benzoylaminocoumarins was achieved for the first time using our BridgePhos-Rh catalytic system, providing chiral 3-amino dihydrocoumarins in high yields (up to 98 %) and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99.7 % ee). The relationship between the enantioselectivities of the hydrogenations and the dihedral angles and the resulting π-π stacking effects of the BridgePhos-Rh complexes, which were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, are discussed. The corresponding hydrogenated products allow for many transformations, providing several chiral skeletons with important physiological and pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunnan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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29
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Xu Y, Liu D, Deng Y, Zhou Y, Zhang W. Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 3‐Benzoylaminocoumarins for the Synthesis of Chiral 3‐Amino Dihydrocoumarins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunnan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Delong Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yu Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
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30
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Nishino S, Miura M, Hirano K. An umpolung-enabled copper-catalysed regioselective hydroamination approach to α-amino acids. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11525-11537. [PMID: 34567503 PMCID: PMC8409476 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03692k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A copper-catalysed regio- and stereoselective hydroamination of acrylates with hydrosilanes and hydroxylamines has been developed to afford the corresponding α-amino acids in good yields. The key to regioselectivity control is the use of hydroxylamine as an umpolung, electrophilic amination reagent. Additionally, a judicious choice of conditions involving the CsOPiv base and DTBM-dppbz ligand of remote steric hindrance enables the otherwise challenging C-N bond formation at the α position to the carbonyl. The point chirality at the β-position is successfully controlled by the Xyl-BINAP or DTBM-SEGPHOS chiral ligand with similarly remote steric bulkiness. The combination with the chiral auxiliary, (-)-8-phenylmenthol, also induces stereoselectivity at the α-position to form the optically active unnatural α-amino acids with two adjacent stereocentres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soshi Nishino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Koji Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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31
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Górski B, Barthelemy AL, Douglas JJ, Juliá F, Leonori D. Copper-catalysed amination of alkyl iodides enabled by halogen-atom transfer. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-021-00652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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32
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Deng G, Duan S, Wang J, Chen Z, Liu T, Chen W, Zhang H, Yang X, Walsh PJ. Transition-metal-free allylation of 2-azaallyls with allyl ethers through polar and radical mechanisms. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3860. [PMID: 34162867 PMCID: PMC8222226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allylation of nucleophiles with highly reactive electrophiles like allyl halides can be conducted without metal catalysts. Less reactive electrophiles, such as allyl esters and carbonates, usually require a transition metal catalyst to facilitate the allylation. Herein, we report a unique transition-metal-free allylation strategy with allyl ether electrophiles. Reaction of a host of allyl ethers with 2-azaallyl anions delivers valuable homoallylic amine derivatives (up to 92%), which are significant in the pharmaceutical industry. Interestingly, no deprotonative isomerization or cyclization of the products were observed. The potential synthetic utility and ease of operation is demonstrated by a gram scale telescoped preparation of a homoallylic amine. In addition, mechanistic studies provide insight into these C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond-forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Shengzu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Tongqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China.
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Yazaki R. Development of Catalytic Reactions for Precise Control of Chemoselectivity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:516-525. [PMID: 34078797 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic chemoselective reactions of innately less reactive functionalities over more reactive functionalities are described. A cooperative catalyst comprising a soft Lewis acid/hard Brønsted base enabled chemoselective activation of a hydroxyl group over an amino group, allowing for nucleophilic addition to electron-deficient olefins. The reaction could be applicable for a variety of amino alcohols, including pharmaceuticals, without requiring a tedious protection-deprotection process. Chemoselective enolization and subsequent α-functionalization of carboxylic acid derivatives were also achieved by a redox active catalyst through the radical process, providing unnatural α-amino/hydroxy acid derivatives bearing a complex carbon framework and a diverse set of functionalities. The present chemoselective catalysis described herein offers new opportunities to expand the chemical space for innovative drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
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34
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Duan S, Deng G, Zi Y, Wu X, Tian X, Liu Z, Li M, Zhang H, Yang X, Walsh PJ. Nickel-catalyzed enantioselective vinylation of aryl 2-azaallyl anions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6406-6412. [PMID: 34084440 PMCID: PMC8115067 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00972a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique enantioselective nickel-catalyzed vinylation of 2-azaallyl anions is advanced for the first time. This method affords diverse vinyl aryl methyl amines with high enantioselectivities, which are frequently occurring scaffolds in natural products and medications. This C-H functionalization method can also be extended to the synthesis of enantioenriched 1,3-diamine derivatives by employing suitably elaborated vinyl bromides. Key to the success of this process is the identification of a Ni/chiraphos catalyst system and a less reducing 2-azaallyl anion, all of which favor an anionic vinylation route over a background radical reaction. A telescoped gram scale synthesis and a product derivatization study confirmed the scalability and synthetic potential of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Guogang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Yujin Zi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Xun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Zhengfen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Minyan Li
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
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35
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Sohtome Y, Kanomata K, Sodeoka M. Cross-Coupling Reactions of Persistent Tertiary Carbon Radicals. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Sohtome
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kanomata
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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36
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Panetti GB, Carroll PJ, Gau MR, Manor BC, Schelter EJ, Walsh PJ. Synthesis of an elusive, stable 2-azaallyl radical guided by electrochemical and reactivity studies of 2-azaallyl anions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4405-4410. [PMID: 34163704 PMCID: PMC8179533 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04822d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The super electron donor (SED) ability of 2-azaallyl anions has recently been discovered and applied to diverse reactivity, including transition metal-free cross-coupling and dehydrogenative cross-coupling processes. Surprisingly, the redox properties of 2-azaallyl anions and radicals have been rarely studied. Understanding the chemistry of elusive species is the key to further development. Electrochemical analysis of phenyl substituted 2-azaallyl anions revealed an oxidation wave at E 1/2 or E pa = -1.6 V versus Fc/Fc+, which is ∼800 mV less than the reduction potential predicted (E pa = -2.4 V vs. Fc/Fc+) based on reactivity studies. Investigation of the kinetics of electron transfer revealed reorganization energies an order of magnitude lower than commonly employed SEDs. The electrochemical study enabled the synthetic design of the first stable, acyclic 2-azaallyl radical. These results indicate that the reorganization energy should be an important design consideration for the development of more potent organic reductants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace B Panetti
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Michael R Gau
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Brian C Manor
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Eric J Schelter
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
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Aguilar Troyano FJ, Merkens K, Anwar K, Gómez‐Suárez A. Radical-Based Synthesis and Modification of Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1098-1115. [PMID: 32841470 PMCID: PMC7820943 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) are key structural motifs with widespread applications in organic synthesis, biochemistry, and material sciences. Recently, with the development of milder and more versatile radical-based procedures, the use of strategies relying on radical chemistry for the synthesis and modification of AAs has gained increased attention, as they allow rapid access to libraries of novel unnatural AAs containing a wide range of structural motifs. In this Minireview, we provide a broad overview of the advancements made in this field during the last decade, focusing on methods for the de novo synthesis of α-, β-, and γ-AAs, as well as for the selective derivatisation of canonical and non-canonical α-AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kay Merkens
- Organic ChemistryBergische Universität WuppertalGaussstrasse 2042119WuppertalGermany
| | - Khadijah Anwar
- Organic ChemistryBergische Universität WuppertalGaussstrasse 2042119WuppertalGermany
| | - Adrián Gómez‐Suárez
- Organic ChemistryBergische Universität WuppertalGaussstrasse 2042119WuppertalGermany
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38
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Blackwell JH, Kumar R, Gaunt MJ. Visible-Light-Mediated Carbonyl Alkylative Amination to All-Alkyl α-Tertiary Amino Acid Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1598-1609. [PMID: 33428383 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The all-alkyl α-tertiary amino acid scaffold represents an important structural feature in many biologically and pharmaceutically relevant molecules. Syntheses of this class of molecule, however, often involve multiple steps and require activating auxiliary groups on the nitrogen atom or tailored building blocks. Here, we report a straightforward, single-step, and modular methodology for the synthesis of all-alkyl α-tertiary amino esters. This new strategy uses visible light and a silane reductant to bring about a carbonyl alkylative amination reaction that combines a wide range of primary amines, α-ketoesters, and alkyl iodides to form functionally diverse all-alkyl α-tertiary amino esters. Brønsted acid-mediated in situ condensation of primary amine and α-ketoester delivers the corresponding ketiminium species, which undergoes rapid 1,2-addition of an alkyl radical (generated from an alkyl iodide by the action of visible light and silane reductant) to form an aminium radical cation. Upon a polarity-matched and irreversible hydrogen atom transfer from electron rich silane, the electrophilic aminium radical cation is converted to an all-alkyl α-tertiary amino ester product. The benign nature of this process allows for broad scope in all three components and generates structurally and functionally diverse suite of α-tertiary amino esters that will likely have widespread use in academic and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Henry Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Roopender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Lara-Cerón JA, Jiménez-Pérez VM, Molina-Paredes AA, Sánchez M, Dias HVR, Ramírez-Montes PI, Muñoz-Flores BM. Preferential intermolecular interactions in a racemic mixture of amino acid Schiff base, conformational structures in solid state, and DFT studies. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04720a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the green synthesis of a Shiff base [N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene)-l-phenylalanine (1)] derived from an α-amino acid through an ultrasound-assisted synthesis method with excellent chemical yield in a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A. Lara-Cerón
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Nuevo León
- Mexico
| | - Víctor M. Jiménez-Pérez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Nuevo León
- Mexico
| | - Areli A. Molina-Paredes
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Nuevo León
- Mexico
| | - Mario Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados
- S.C., Alianza Norte 202
- PIIT
- Carretera Monterrey-Aeropuerto Km. 10
- Apodaca
| | - H. V. Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The University of Texas at Arlington
- Arlington
- USA
| | - Pedro I. Ramírez-Montes
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán
- Departamento de Matemáticas
- 54714 Cuautitlán Izcalli
- Mexico
| | - Blanca M. Muñoz-Flores
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Nuevo León
- Mexico
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Tao X, Chen Y, Guo J, Wang X, Gong H. Preparation of α-amino acids via Ni-catalyzed reductive vinylation and arylation of α-pivaloyloxy glycine. Chem Sci 2020; 12:220-226. [PMID: 34163591 PMCID: PMC8178948 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05452f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This work emphasizes easy access to α-vinyl and aryl amino acids via Ni-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of bench-stable N-carbonyl-protected α-pivaloyloxy glycine with vinyl/aryl halides and triflates. The protocol permits the synthesis of α-amino acids bearing hindered branched vinyl groups, which remains a challenge using the current methods. On the basis of experimental and DFT studies, simultaneous addition of glycine α-carbon (Gly) radicals to Ni(0) and Ar–Ni(ii) may occur, with the former being more favored where oxidative addition of a C(sp2) electrophile to the resultant Gly–Ni(i) intermediate gives a key Gly–Ni(iii)–Ar intermediate. The auxiliary chelation of the N-carbonyl oxygen to the Ni center appears to be crucial to stabilize the Gly–Ni(i) intermediate. We have developed Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling of N-carbonyl protected α-pivaloyloxy glycine with Csp2-electrophiles that enabled facile preparation of α-amino acids, including those bearing hindered branched vinyl groups.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghua Tao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Yanchi Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Jiandong Guo
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Xiaotai Wang
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver Campus Box 194, P. O. Box 173364 Denver Colorado 80217-3364 USA
| | - Hegui Gong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Supramolecular Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 China
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43
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Tsuji T, Tanaka T, Tanaka T, Yazaki R, Ohshima T. Catalytic Aerobic Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Azlactones en Route to α,α-Disubstituted α-Amino Acids. Org Lett 2020; 22:4164-4170. [PMID: 32396012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We developed a catalytic aerobic method to synthesize α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids through cross-dehydrogenative coupling of azlactones. Combining an iron catalyst with a bisoxazolidine ligand resulted in high catalytic performance, and cross-coupling with an indole proceeded smoothly under aerobic conditions. A wide variety of α-aryl and aliphatic amino acid derived azlactones were applied to the present catalysis. In addition, a quaternary carbon could be constructed using oxindole and benzofuranone under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Tsuji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tsukushi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryo Yazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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