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Chen Y, Ma S, Zhou M, Yao Y, Gao X, Fan X, Wu G. Advancements in the preparation technology of small molecule artificial antigens and their specific antibodies: a comprehensive review. Analyst 2024. [PMID: 39140248 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00501e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Small molecules find extensive application in medicine, food safety, and environmental studies, particularly in biomedicine. Immunoassay technology, leveraging the specific recognition between antigens and antibodies, offers a superior alternative to traditional physical and chemical analysis methods. This approach allows for the rapid and accurate detection of small molecular compounds, owing to its high sensitivity, specificity, and swift analytical capabilities. However, small molecular compounds often struggle to effectively stimulate an immune response due to their low molecular weight, weak antigenicity, and limited antigenic epitopes. To overcome this, coupling small molecule compounds with macromolecular carriers to form complete antigens is typically required to induce specific antibodies in animals. Consequently, the preparation of small-molecule artificial antigens and the production of efficient specific antibodies are crucial for achieving precise immunoassays. This paper reviews recent advancements in small molecule antibody preparation technology, emphasizing the design and synthesis of haptens, the coupling of haptens with carriers, the purification and identification of artificial antigens, and the preparation of specific antibodies. Additionally, it evaluates the current technological shortcomings and limitations while projecting future trends in artificial antigen synthesis and antibody preparation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Chen
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuo Ma
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuming Yao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xun Gao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaobo Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guoqiu Wu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
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Hosztafi S, Galambos AR, Köteles I, Karádi DÁ, Fürst S, Al-Khrasani M. Opioid-Based Haptens: Development of Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7781. [PMID: 39063024 PMCID: PMC11277321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, extensive preclinical research has been conducted to develop vaccinations to protect against substance use disorder caused by opioids, nicotine, cocaine, and designer drugs. Morphine or fentanyl derivatives are small molecules, and these compounds are not immunogenic, but when conjugated as haptens to a carrier protein will elicit the production of antibodies capable of reacting specifically with the unconjugated hapten or its parent compound. The position of the attachment in opioid haptens to the carrier protein will influence the specificity of the antiserum produced in immunized animals with the hapten-carrier conjugate. Immunoassays for the determination of opioid drugs are based on the ability of drugs to inhibit the reaction between drug-specific antibodies and the corresponding drug-carrier conjugate or the corresponding labelled hapten. Pharmacological studies of the hapten-carrier conjugates resulted in the development of vaccines for treating opioid use disorders (OUDs). Immunotherapy for opioid addiction includes the induction of anti-drug vaccines which are composed of a hapten, a carrier protein, and adjuvants. In this review we survey the design of opioid haptens, the development of the opioid radioimmunoassay, and the results of immunotherapy for OUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Hosztafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hogyes Endre u. 9., H-1092 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Anna Rita Galambos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvá-rad tér 4., H-1445 Budapest, Hungary; (A.R.G.); (D.Á.K.); (S.F.)
| | - István Köteles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hogyes Endre u. 9., H-1092 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dávid Á Karádi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvá-rad tér 4., H-1445 Budapest, Hungary; (A.R.G.); (D.Á.K.); (S.F.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78., H-1082 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Susanna Fürst
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvá-rad tér 4., H-1445 Budapest, Hungary; (A.R.G.); (D.Á.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Mahmoud Al-Khrasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvá-rad tér 4., H-1445 Budapest, Hungary; (A.R.G.); (D.Á.K.); (S.F.)
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3
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Chen XY, Wang L, Ma X, Yang F, Wang X, Xu P, Xu LL, Di B. Development of fentanyl-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) to antagonize the pharmacological effects of fentanyl. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 486:116918. [PMID: 38570042 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Fentanyl, a critical component of opioid analgesics, poses a severe threat to public health, exacerbating the drug problem due to its potential fatality. Herein, we present two novel haptens designed with different attachment sites conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), aiming to develop an efficacious vaccine against fentanyl. KLH-Fent-1 demonstrated superior performance over KLH-Fent-2 in antibody titer, blood-brain distribution, and antinociceptive tests. Consequently, we immunized mice with KLH-Fent-1 to generate fentanyl-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using the hybridoma technique to compensate for the defects of active immunization in the treatment of opioid overdose and addiction. The mAb produced by hybridoma 9D5 exhibited the ability to recognize fentanyl and its analogs with a binding affinity of 10-10 M. Subsequently, we developed a human IgG1 chimeric mAb to improve the degree of humanization. Pre-treatment with murine and chimeric mAb significantly reduced the analgesic effect of fentanyl and altered its blood-brain biodistribution in vivo. Furthermore, in a mouse model of fentanyl-induced respiratory depression, the chimeric mAb effectively reversed respiratory depression promptly and maintained a certain level during the week. The development of high-affinity chimeric mAb gives support to combat the challenges of fentanyl misuse and its detrimental consequences. In conclusion, mAb passive immunization represents a viable strategy for addressing fentanyl addiction and overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Chen
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li Wang
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Bin Di
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Shafieichaharberoud F, Lang S, Whalen C, Rivera Quiles C, Purcell L, Talbot C, Wang P, Norton EB, Mazei-Robison M, Sulima A, Jacobson AE, Rice KC, Matyas GR, Huang X. Enhancing Protective Antibodies against Opioids through Antigen Display on Virus-like Particles. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:164-173. [PMID: 38113481 PMCID: PMC11259974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) has become a public health crisis, with recent significant increases in the number of deaths due to overdose. Vaccination can provide an attractive complementary strategy to combat OUD. A key for high vaccine efficacy is the induction of high levels of antibodies specific to the drug of abuse. Herein, a powerful immunogenic carrier, virus-like particle mutant bacteriophage Qβ (mQβ), has been investigated as a carrier of a small molecule hapten 6-AmHap mimicking heroin. The mQβ-6-AmHap conjugate was able to induce significantly higher levels of IgG antibodies against 6-AmHap than mice immunized with the corresponding tetanus toxoid-6-AmHap conjugate in head-to-head comparison studies in multiple strains of mice. The IgG antibody responses were persistent with high anti-6-AmHap titers 600 days after being immunized with mQβ-6-AmHap. The antibodies induced exhibited strong binding toward multiple heroin/morphine derivatives that have the potential to be abused, while binding weakly to medications used for OUD treatment and pain relief. Furthermore, vaccination effectively reduced the impacts of morphine on mice in both ambulation and antinociception assays, highlighting the translational potential of the mQβ-6-AmHap conjugate to mitigate the harmful effects of drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shafieichaharberoud
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Shuyao Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Connor Whalen
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Cristina Rivera Quiles
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Lillie Purcell
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Cameron Talbot
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Elizabeth B Norton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Michelle Mazei-Robison
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Agnieszka Sulima
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Arthur E Jacobson
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Gary R Matyas
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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5
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Lu T, Li X, Zheng W, Kuang C, Wu B, Liu X, Xue Y, Shi J, Lu L, Han Y. Vaccines to Treat Substance Use Disorders: Current Status and Future Directions. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:84. [PMID: 38258095 PMCID: PMC10820210 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Addiction, particularly in relation to psychostimulants and opioids, persists as a global health crisis with profound social and economic ramifications. Traditional interventions, including medications and behavioral therapies, often encounter limited success due to the chronic and relapsing nature of addictive disorders. Consequently, there is significant interest in the development of innovative therapeutics to counteract the effects of abused substances. In recent years, vaccines have emerged as a novel and promising strategy to tackle addiction. Anti-drug vaccines are designed to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies that bind to addictive compounds, such as nicotine, cocaine, morphine, methamphetamine, and heroin. These antibodies effectively neutralize the target molecules, preventing them from reaching the brain and eliciting their rewarding effects. By obstructing the rewarding sensations associated with substance use, vaccines aim to reduce cravings and the motivation to engage in drug use. Although anti-drug vaccines hold significant potential, challenges remain in their development and implementation. The reversibility of vaccination and the potential for combining vaccines with other addiction treatments offer promise for improving addiction outcomes. This review provides an overview of anti-drug vaccines, their mechanisms of action, and their potential impact on treatment for substance use disorders. Furthermore, this review summarizes recent advancements in vaccine development for each specific drug, offering insights for the development of more effective and personalized treatments capable of addressing the distinct challenges posed by various abused substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangsheng Lu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (T.L.); (X.L.); (Y.X.); (J.S.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xue Li
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (T.L.); (X.L.); (Y.X.); (J.S.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Peking-Tsinghua Centre for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Chenyan Kuang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China;
| | - Bingyi Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453100, China;
| | - Xiaoxing Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Yanxue Xue
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (T.L.); (X.L.); (Y.X.); (J.S.)
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (T.L.); (X.L.); (Y.X.); (J.S.)
| | - Lin Lu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (T.L.); (X.L.); (Y.X.); (J.S.)
- Peking-Tsinghua Centre for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Ying Han
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (T.L.); (X.L.); (Y.X.); (J.S.)
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Di Martino RMC, Maxwell BD, Pirali T. Deuterium in drug discovery: progress, opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:562-584. [PMID: 37277503 PMCID: PMC10241557 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Substitution of a hydrogen atom with its heavy isotope deuterium entails the addition of one neutron to a molecule. Despite being a subtle change, this structural modification, known as deuteration, may improve the pharmacokinetic and/or toxicity profile of drugs, potentially translating into improvements in efficacy and safety compared with the non-deuterated counterparts. Initially, efforts to exploit this potential primarily led to the development of deuterated analogues of marketed drugs through a 'deuterium switch' approach, such as deutetrabenazine, which became the first deuterated drug to receive FDA approval in 2017. In the past few years, the focus has shifted to applying deuteration in novel drug discovery, and the FDA approved the pioneering de novo deuterated drug deucravacitinib in 2022. In this Review, we highlight key milestones in the field of deuteration in drug discovery and development, emphasizing recent and instructive medicinal chemistry programmes and discussing the opportunities and hurdles for drug developers, as well as the questions that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tracey Pirali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
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Lee J, Eubanks LM, Zhou B, Janda KD. Development of an Effective Monoclonal Antibody against Heroin and Its Metabolites Reveals Therapies Have Mistargeted 6-Monoacetylmorphine and Morphine over Heroin. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1464-1470. [PMID: 36313156 PMCID: PMC9615117 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The opioid epidemic is a global public health crisis that has failed to abate with current pharmaceutical treatments. Moreover, these FDA-approved drugs possess numerous problems such as adverse side effects, short half-lives, abuse potential, and recidivism after discontinued use. An alternative treatment model for opioid use disorders is immunopharmacotherapy, where antibodies are produced to inhibit illicit substances by sequestering the drug in the periphery. Immunopharmacotherapeutics against heroin have engaged both active and passive vaccines targeting heroin's metabolites, 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-AM) and morphine, since decades of research have stated that heroin's psychoactive and lethal effects are mainly attributed to these compounds. However, concerted efforts to develop effective immunopharmacotherapies against heroin abuse have faced little clinical advancement, suggesting a need for reassessing drug target selection. To address this issue, four unique monoclonal antibodies were procured with distinct affinity to either heroin, 6-AM, or morphine. Examination of these antibodies through in vitro and in vivo tests revealed monoclonal antibody 11D12 as the optimal therapeutic and provided crucial insights into the key chemical species to target for blunting heroin's psychoactive and lethal effects. These findings offer clarification into the problematic attempts of therapeutics targeting heroin's metabolites and provide a path forward for future heroin immunopharmacotherapy development.
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Abstract
This paper is the forty-third consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2020 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug abuse and alcohol (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, 11367, United States.
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Kopf S, Bourriquen F, Li W, Neumann H, Junge K, Beller M. Recent Developments for the Deuterium and Tritium Labeling of Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6634-6718. [PMID: 35179363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organic compounds labeled with hydrogen isotopes play a crucial role in numerous areas, from materials science to medicinal chemistry. Indeed, while the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium gives rise to improved absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties in drugs and enables the preparation of internal standards for analytical mass spectrometry, the use of tritium-labeled compounds is a key technique all along drug discovery and development in the pharmaceutical industry. For these reasons, the interest in new methodologies for the isotopic enrichment of organic molecules and the extent of their applications are equally rising. In this regard, this Review intends to comprehensively discuss the new developments in this area over the last years (2017-2021). Notably, besides the fundamental hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) reactions and the use of isotopically labeled analogues of common organic reagents, a plethora of reductive and dehalogenative deuteration techniques and other transformations with isotope incorporation are emerging and are now part of the labeling toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kopf
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Wu Li
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Junge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
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10
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Lee JC, Park H, Eubanks LM, Ellis B, Zhou B, Janda KD. A Vaccine against Benzimidazole-Derived New Psychoactive Substances That Are More Potent Than Fentanyl. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2522-2531. [PMID: 34994550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
New psychoactive substance (NPS) opioids have proliferated within the international drug market. While synthetic opioids are traditionally composed of fentanyl analogues, benzimidazole-derived isotonitazene and its derivatives are the current NPS opioids of concern. Hence, in this study, we implement immunopharmacotherapy wherein antibodies are produced with high titers and nanomolar affinity to multiple benzimidazole-derived NPS opioids (BNO). Notably, these antibodies blunt psychoactive and physiological repercussions from BNO exposure, which was observed through antinociception, whole-body plethysmography, and blood-brain biodistribution studies. Moreover, we detail previously unreported pharmacokinetics of these drugs, which explains the struggle of traditional pharmaceutical opioid antagonists against BNO substances. These findings provide further insight into the in vivo effects of BNO drugs and the development of effective broad-spectrum therapeutics against NPS opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinny Claire Lee
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hyeri Park
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lisa M Eubanks
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Beverly Ellis
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kim D Janda
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute for Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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11
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Ziaks TJ, Hwang CS. Is it possible to design a clinically viable heroin vaccine? The progress and pitfalls. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 17:207-210. [PMID: 34842015 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2008904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Therese J Ziaks
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Candy S Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, USA
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12
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Wicks C, Hudlicky T, Rinner U. Morphine alkaloids: History, biology, and synthesis. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2021; 86:145-342. [PMID: 34565506 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This chapter provides a short overview of the history of morphine since it's isolation by Sertürner in 1805. The biosynthesis of the title alkaloid as well as all total and formal syntheses of morphine and codeine published after 1996 are discussed in detail. The last section of this chapter provides a detailed overview of medicinally relevant derivatives of the title alkaloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wicks
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Tomas Hudlicky
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Uwe Rinner
- IMC Fachhochschule Krems/IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria.
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The M3-TT Vaccine Decreases the Antinociceptive Effects of Morphine and Heroin in Mice. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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14
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Robinson C, Gradinati V, Hamid F, Baehr C, Crouse B, Averick S, Kovaliov M, Harris D, Runyon S, Baruffaldi F, LeSage M, Comer S, Pravetoni M. Therapeutic and Prophylactic Vaccines to Counteract Fentanyl Use Disorders and Toxicity. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14647-14667. [PMID: 33215913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of fatal overdoses has increased worldwide due to the widespread access to illicit fentanyl and its potent analogues. Vaccines offer a promising strategy to reduce the prevalence of opioid use disorders (OUDs) and to prevent toxicity from accidental and deliberate exposure to fentanyl and its derivatives. This study describes the development and characterization of vaccine formulations consisting of novel fentanyl-based haptens conjugated to carrier proteins. Vaccine efficacy was tested against opioid-induced behavior and toxicity in mice and rats challenged with fentanyl and its analogues. Prophylactic vaccination reduced fentanyl- and sufentanil-induced antinociception, respiratory depression, and bradycardia in mice and rats. Therapeutic vaccination also reduced fentanyl intravenous self-administration in rats. Because of their selectivity, vaccines did not interfere with the pharmacological effects of commonly used anesthetics nor with methadone, naloxone, oxycodone, or heroin. These preclinical data support the translation of vaccines as a viable strategy to counteract fentanyl use disorders and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Robinson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Valeria Gradinati
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Fatima Hamid
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Carly Baehr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota Veterinary School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Bethany Crouse
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota Veterinary School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Saadyah Averick
- Allegheny Health Network, Neuroscience Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, United States
| | - Marina Kovaliov
- Allegheny Health Network, Neuroscience Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, United States
| | - Danni Harris
- RTI International, Raleigh, North Carolina 27616, United States
| | - Scott Runyon
- RTI International, Raleigh, North Carolina 27616, United States
| | - Federico Baruffaldi
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415, United States
| | - Mark LeSage
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415, United States
| | - Sandra Comer
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10027-6902, United States
| | - Marco Pravetoni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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