1
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Petkov H, Ravutsov MA, Verganista MJ, Mitrev YN, Candeias NR, Simeonov SP. Cu-Catalyzed Tandem Oxidation-Intramolecular Cannizzaro Reaction of Biorenewables and Bioactive Molecules. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202400013. [PMID: 38376915 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
A tandem Cu-catalyzed oxidation-intramolecular Cannizzaro reaction leading to bioactive α-hydroxyesters from α-hydroxyketones is reported. The process uses oxygen as a sole oxidant to achieve the formation of glyoxals, which are efficiently converted in situ to important α-hydroxyesters. The mechanistic insights are provided by isotopic labeling and supported by DFT calculations. The transformation proved a robust synthetic tool to achieve the synthesis of human metabolites and hydroxyl esters of various biologically active steroid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristo Petkov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 9, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Martin A Ravutsov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 9, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Manuel J Verganista
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Yavor N Mitrev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 9, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Nuno R Candeias
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Svilen P Simeonov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 9, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
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2
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Cook A, Newman SG. Alcohols as Substrates in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Arylation, Alkylation, and Related Reactions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6078-6144. [PMID: 38630862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Alcohols are abundant and attractive feedstock molecules for organic synthesis. Many methods for their functionalization require them to first be converted into a more activated derivative, while recent years have seen a vast increase in the number of complexity-building transformations that directly harness unprotected alcohols. This Review discusses how transition metal catalysis can be used toward this goal. These transformations are broadly classified into three categories. Deoxygenative functionalizations, representing derivatization of the C-O bond, enable the alcohol to act as a leaving group toward the formation of new C-C bonds. Etherifications, characterized by derivatization of the O-H bond, represent classical reactivity that has been modernized to include mild reaction conditions, diverse reaction partners, and high selectivities. Lastly, chain functionalization reactions are described, wherein the alcohol group acts as a mediator in formal C-H functionalization reactions of the alkyl backbone. Each of these three classes of transformation will be discussed in context of intermolecular arylation, alkylation, and related reactions, illustrating how catalysis can enable alcohols to be directly harnessed for organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cook
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen G Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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3
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Bera S, Kabadwal LM, Banerjee D. Harnessing alcohols as sustainable reagents for late-stage functionalisation: synthesis of drugs and bio-inspired compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4607-4647. [PMID: 38525675 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00942d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol is ubiquitous with unparalleled structural diversity and thus has wide applications as a native functional group in organic synthesis. It is highly prevalent among biomolecules and offers promising opportunities for the development of chemical libraries. Over the last decade, alcohol has been extensively used as an environmentally friendly chemical for numerous organic transformations. In this review, we collectively discuss the utilisation of alcohol from 2015 to 2023 in various organic transformations and their application toward intermediates of drugs, drug derivatives and natural product-like molecules. Notable features discussed are as follows: (i) sustainable approaches for C-X alkylation (X = C, N, or O) including O-phosphorylation of alcohols, (ii) newer strategies using methanol as a methylating reagent, (iii) allylation of alkenes and alkynes including allylic trifluoromethylations, (iv) alkenylation of N-heterocycles, ketones, sulfones, and ylides towards the synthesis of drug-like molecules, (v) cyclisation and annulation to pharmaceutically active molecules, and (vi) coupling of alcohols with aryl halides or triflates, aryl cyanide and olefins to access drug-like molecules. We summarise the synthesis of over 100 drugs via several approaches, where alcohol was used as one of the potential coupling partners. Additionally, a library of molecules consisting over 60 fatty acids or steroid motifs is documented for late-stage functionalisation including the challenges and opportunities for harnessing alcohols as renewable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourajit Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Lalit Mohan Kabadwal
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Debasis Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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4
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Shezaf JZ, Santana CG, Ortiz E, Meyer CC, Liu P, Sakata K, Huang KW, Krische MJ. Leveraging the Stereochemical Complexity of Octahedral Diastereomeric-at-Metal Catalysts to Unlock Regio-, Diastereo-, and Enantioselectivity in Alcohol-Mediated C-C Couplings via Hydrogen Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7905-7914. [PMID: 38478891 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Experimental and computational studies illuminating the factors that guide metal-centered stereogenicity and, therefrom, selectivity in transfer hydrogenative carbonyl additions of alcohol proelectrophiles catalyzed by chiral-at-metal-and-ligand octahedral d6 metal ions, iridium(III) and ruthenium(II), are described. To augment or invert regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity, predominantly one from among as many as 15 diastereomeric-at-metal complexes is required. For iridium(III) catalysts, cyclometalation assists in defining the metal stereocenter, and for ruthenium(II) catalysts, iodide counterions play a key role. Whereas classical strategies to promote selectivity in metal catalysis aim for high-symmetry transition states, well-defined low-symmetry transition states can unlock selectivities that are otherwise difficult to achieve or inaccessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Z Shezaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Catherine G Santana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Eliezer Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Cole C Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ken Sakata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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5
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Spinello BJ, Strong ZH, Ortiz E, Evarts MM, Krische MJ. Intermolecular Metal-Catalyzed C‒C Coupling of Unactivated Alcohols or Aldehydes for Convergent Ketone Construction beyond Premetalated Reagents. ACS Catal 2023; 13:10976-10987. [PMID: 38464997 PMCID: PMC10923551 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Intermolecular metal-catalyzed C‒C couplings of unactivated primary alcohols or aldehydes to form ketones are catalogued. Reactions are classified on the basis of pronucleophile. Protocols involving premetalated reagents or reactants that incorporate directing groups are not covered. These methods represent an emerging alternative to classical multi-step protocols for ketone construction that exploit premetalated reagents, and/or steps devoted to redox manipulations and carboxylic acid derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Spinello
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zachary H Strong
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Eliezer Ortiz
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Maddie M Evarts
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael J Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
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6
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Meyer CC, Krische MJ. Iridium-, Ruthenium-, and Nickel-Catalyzed C-C Couplings of Methanol, Formaldehyde, and Ethanol with π-Unsaturated Pronucleophiles via Hydrogen Transfer. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4965-4974. [PMID: 36449710 PMCID: PMC10121765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this Perspective, the use of methanol and ethanol as C1 and C2 feedstocks in metal-catalyzed C-C couplings to π-unsaturated pronucleophiles via hydrogen auto-transfer is surveyed. In these processes, alcohol oxidation to form an aldehyde electrophile is balanced by reduction of an π-unsaturated hydrocarbon to form a transient organometallic nucleophile. Mechanistically related reductive couplings of paraformaldehyde mediated by alcohol reductants or formic acid also are described. These processes encompass the first catalytic enantioselective C-C couplings of methanol and ethanol and, more broadly, illustrate how the native reducing ability of alcohols enable the departure from premetalated reagents in carbonyl addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole C Meyer
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry Welch Hall (A5300), 105 E 24th St, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry Welch Hall (A5300), 105 E 24th St, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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7
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Dubey ZJ, Shen W, Little JA, Krische MJ. Dual Ruthenium-Catalyzed Alkene Isomerization-Hydrogen Auto-Transfer Unlocks Skipped Dienes as Pronucleophiles for Enantioselective Alcohol C-H Allylation. J Am Chem Soc 2023:10.1021/jacs.3c00934. [PMID: 37018070 PMCID: PMC10551046 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The first use of 1,4-pentadiene and 1,5-hexadiene as allylmetal pronucleophiles in regio-, anti-diastereo-, and enantioselective carbonyl addition from alcohol proelectrophiles is described. As corroborated by deuterium labeling experiments, primary alcohol dehydrogenation delivers a ruthenium hydride that affects alkene isomerization to furnish a conjugated diene, followed by transfer hydrogenative carbonyl addition. Hydrometalation appears to be assisted by the formation of a fluxional olefin-chelated homoallylic alkylruthenium complex II, which exists in equilibrium with its pentacoordinate η1 form to enable β-hydride elimination. This effect confers remarkable chemoselectivity: while 1,4-pentadiene and 1,5-hexadiene are competent pronucleophiles, higher 1,n-dienes are not, and the olefinic functional groups of the products remain intact under conditions in which the 1,4- and 1,5-dienes isomerize. A survey of halide counterions reveals iodide-bound ruthenium-JOSIPHOS catalysts are uniquely effective in these processes. This method was used to prepare a previously reported C1-C7 substructure of (-)-pironetin in 4 vs 12 steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Weijia Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - John A Little
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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8
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Ortiz E, Shezaf JZ, Shen W, Krische MJ. Historical perspective on ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogen transfer and survey of enantioselective hydrogen auto-transfer processes for the conversion of lower alcohols to higher alcohols. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12625-12633. [PMID: 36516346 PMCID: PMC9645367 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05621f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogen auto-transfer reactions for the direct enantioselective conversion of lower alcohols to higher alcohols are surveyed. These processes enable completely atom-efficient carbonyl addition from alcohol proelectrophiles in the absence of premetalated reagents or metallic reductants. Applications in target-oriented synthesis are highlighted, and a brief historical perspective on ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogen transfer processes is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliezer Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Welch Hall (A5300) 105 E 24th St. Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Jonathan Z Shezaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Welch Hall (A5300) 105 E 24th St. Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Weijia Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Welch Hall (A5300) 105 E 24th St. Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Welch Hall (A5300) 105 E 24th St. Austin TX 78712 USA
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9
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Stabilized catalyst comprising nickel and supported 12-tungstophosphoric acid: synthesis, characterization and aqueous-phase Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-022-00507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Ortiz E, Chang YH, Shezaf JZ, Shen W, Krische MJ. Stereo- and Site-Selective Conversion of Primary Alcohols to Allylic Alcohols via Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydrogen Auto-Transfer Mediated by 2-Butyne. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8861-8869. [PMID: 35503919 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective ruthenium-catalyzed carbonyl vinylations via hydrogen autotransfer are described. Using a ruthenium-JOSIPHOS catalyst, primary alcohols 2a-2m and 2-butyne 1a are converted to chiral allylic alcohols 3a-3m with excellent levels of absolute stereocontrol. Notably, 1°,2°-1,3-diols participate in site-selective C-C coupling, enabling asymmetric carbonyl vinylation beyond premetalated reagents, exogenous reductants, or hydroxyl protecting groups. Using 2-propanol as a reductant, aldehydes dehydro-2a, 2l participate in highly enantioselective 2-butyne-mediated vinylation under otherwise identical reaction conditions. Regio-, stereo-, and site-selective vinylations mediated by 2-pentyne 1b to form adducts 3n, 3o, and epi-3o also are described. The tiglyl alcohol motif obtained upon butyne-mediated vinylation, which is itself found in diverse secondary metabolites, may be converted to commonly encountered polyketide stereodiads, -triads, and -tetrads, as demonstrated by the formation of adducts 4a-4d. The collective mechanistic studies, including deuterium labeling experiments, corroborate a catalytic cycle involving alcohol dehydrogenation to form a transient aldehyde and a ruthenium hydride, which engages in alkyne hydrometalation to form a nucleophilic vinylruthenium species that enacts carbonyl addition. A stereochemical model for carbonyl addition invoking formyl CH···I[Ru] and CH···O≡C[Ru] hydrogen bonds is proposed based on prior calculations and crystallographic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliezer Ortiz
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yu-Hsiang Chang
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jonathan Z Shezaf
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Weijia Shen
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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11
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Cera G, Maestri G. Palladium/Brønsted Acid Catalysis for Hydrofunctionalizations of Alkynes: from Tsuji‐Trost Allylations to Stereoselective Methodologies. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Cera
- Universita degli Studi di Parma Dipartimento delle Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale Parco Area delle Scienze, 17/A 43124 Parma ITALY
| | - Giovanni Maestri
- University of Parma: Universita degli Studi di Parma Dipartimento delle Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale Parco Area delle Scienze, 17/A 43124 Parma ITALY
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12
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Dong Y, Schuppe AW, Mai BK, Liu P, Buchwald SL. Confronting the Challenging Asymmetric Carbonyl 1,2-Addition Using Vinyl Heteroarene Pronucleophiles: Ligand-Controlled Regiodivergent Processes through a Dearomatized Allyl-Cu Species. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5985-5995. [PMID: 35341240 PMCID: PMC9202959 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The selective reductive coupling of vinyl heteroarenes with aldehydes and ketones represents a versatile approach for the rapid construction of enantiomerically enriched secondary and tertiary alcohols, respectively. Herein, we demonstrate a CuH-catalyzed regiodivergent coupling of vinyl heteroarenes with carbonyl-containing electrophiles, in which the selectivity is controlled by the ancillary ligand. This approach leverages an in situ generated benzyl- or dearomatized allyl-Cu intermediate, yielding either the dearomatized or exocyclic addition products, respectively. The method exhibits excellent regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity and tolerates a range of common functional groups and heterocycles. The dearomative pathway allows direct access to a variety of functionalized saturated heterocyclic structures. The reaction mechanism was probed using a combination of experimental and computational approach. Density functional theory studies suggest that the ligand-controlled regioselectivity results from the C-H/π interaction and steric repulsion in transition states, leading to the major and minor regioisomers, respectively. Hydrocupration of vinyl heteroarene pronucleophile is the enantiodetermining step, whereas the diastereoselectivity is enforced by steric interactions between the benzylic or allyl-Cu intermediate and carbonyl-containing substrates in a six-membered cyclic transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander W Schuppe
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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13
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Xie H, Breit B. Organophotoredox/Ni-Cocatalyzed Allylation of Allenes: Regio- and Diastereoselective Access to Homoallylic Alcohols. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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14
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Jiang B, Shi SL. Recent Progress in Upgrading of Alcohol and Amine via Asymmetric Dehydrogenative Coupling. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202207002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Jiang W, Fu X, Wu W. Gene mining, codon optimization and analysis of binding mechanism of an aldo-keto reductase with high activity, better substrate specificity and excellent solvent tolerance. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260787. [PMID: 34855894 PMCID: PMC8638942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of chiral alcohols has important value and high attention. Aldo–keto reductases (AKRs) mediated reduction of prochiral carbonyl compounds is an interesting way of synthesizing single enantiomers of chiral alcohols due to the high enantio-, chemo- and regioselectivity of the enzymes. However, relatively little research has been done on characterization and apply of AKRs to asymmetric synthesis of chiral alcohols. In this study, the AKR from Candida tropicalis MYA-3404 (C. tropicalis MYA-3404), was mined and characterized. The AKR shown wider optimum temperature and pH. The AKR exhibited varying degrees of catalytic activity for different substrates, suggesting that the AKR can catalyze a variety of substrates. It is worth mentioning that the AKR could catalytic reduction of keto compounds with benzene rings, such as cetophenone and phenoxyacetone. The AKR exhibited activity on N,N-dimethyl-3-keto-3-(2-thienyl)-1-propanamine (DKTP), a key intermediate for biosynthesis of the antidepressant drug duloxetine. Besides, the AKR still has high activity whether in a reaction system containing 10%-30% V/V organic solvent. What’s more, the AKR showed the strongest stability in six common organic solvents, DMSO, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, ethanol, and methanol. And, it retains more that 70% enzyme activity after 6 hours, suggesting that the AKR has strong solvent tolerance. Furthermore, the protein sequences of the AKR and its homology were compared, and a 3D model of the AKR docking with coenzyme NADPH were constructed. And the important catalytic and binding sites were identified to explore the binding mechanism of the enzyme and its coenzyme. These properties, predominant organic solvents resistance and extensive substrate spectrum, of the AKR making it has potential applications in the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weiliang Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
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16
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Ortiz E, Shezaf JZ, Chang YH, Gonçalves TP, Huang KW, Krische MJ. Understanding Halide Counterion Effects in Enantioselective Ruthenium-Catalyzed Carbonyl (α-Aryl)allylation: Alkynes as Latent Allenes and Trifluoroethanol-Enhanced Turnover in The Conversion of Ethanol to Higher Alcohols via Hydrogen Auto-transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16709-16717. [PMID: 34606271 PMCID: PMC8749865 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Crystallographic characterization of RuX(CO)(η3-C3H5)(JOSIPHOS), where X = Cl, Br, or I, reveals a halide-dependent diastereomeric preference that defines metal-centered stereogenicity and, therefrom, the enantioselectivity of C-C coupling in ruthenium-catalyzed anti-diastereo- and enantioselective C-C couplings of primary alcohols with 1-aryl-1-propynes to form products of carbonyl anti-(α-aryl)allylation. Computational studies reveal that a non-classical hydrogen bond between iodide and the aldehyde formyl CH bond stabilizes the favored transition state for carbonyl addition. An improved catalytic system enabling previously unattainable transformations was developed that employs an iodide-containing precatalyst, RuI(CO)3(η3-C3H5), in combination with trifluoroethanol, as illustrated by the first enantioselective ruthenium-catalyzed C-C couplings of ethanol to form higher alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliezer Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jonathan Z Shezaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yu-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Théo P Gonçalves
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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17
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Hu JL, Bauer F, Breit B. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of Carboxylic Acids to Allenes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Lin Hu
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix Bauer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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18
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Xiang M, Pfaffinger DE, Ortiz E, Brito GA, Krische MJ. Enantioselective Ruthenium-BINAP-Catalyzed Carbonyl Reductive Coupling of Alkoxyallenes: Convergent Construction of syn-sec,tert-Diols via ( Z)-σ-Allylmetal Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8849-8854. [PMID: 34060818 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The first catalytic enantioselective ruthenium-catalyzed carbonyl reductive couplings of allene pronucleophiles is described. Using an iodide-modified ruthenium-BINAP-catalyst and O-benzhydryl alkoxyallene 1a, carbonyl (α-alkoxy)allylation occurs from the alcohol or aldehyde oxidation level to form enantiomerically enriched syn-sec,tert-diols. Internal chelation directs intervention of (Z)-σ-alkoxyallylruthenium isomers, which engage in stereospecific carbonyl addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xiang
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Dana E Pfaffinger
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Eliezer Ortiz
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Gilmar A Brito
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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19
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Santana CG, Krische MJ. From Hydrogenation to Transfer Hydrogenation to Hydrogen Auto-Transfer in Enantioselective Metal-Catalyzed Carbonyl Reductive Coupling: Past, Present, and Future. ACS Catal 2021; 11:5572-5585. [PMID: 34306816 PMCID: PMC8302072 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atom-efficient processes that occur via addition, redistribution or removal of hydrogen underlie many large volume industrial processes and pervade all segments of chemical industry. Although carbonyl addition is one of the oldest and most broadly utilized methods for C-C bond formation, the delivery of non-stabilized carbanions to carbonyl compounds has relied on premetalated reagents or metallic/organometallic reductants, which pose issues of safety and challenges vis-à-vis large volume implementation. Catalytic carbonyl reductive couplings promoted via hydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation and hydrogen auto-transfer allow abundant unsaturated hydrocarbons to serve as substitutes to organometallic reagents, enabling C-C bond formation in the absence of stoichiometric metals. This perspective (a) highlights past milestones in catalytic hydrogenation, hydrogen transfer and hydrogen auto-transfer, (b) summarizes current methods for catalytic enantioselective carbonyl reductive couplings, and (c) describes future opportunities based on the patterns of reactivity that animate transformations of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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