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Yang W, Barbosa MFDS, Alfonsov A, Rosenkranz M, Israel N, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Liu F, Popov AA. Thirty Years of Hide-and-Seek: Capturing Abundant but Elusive M III@ C3v(8)-C 82 Isomer, and the Study of Magnetic Anisotropy Induced in Dy 3+ Ion by the Fullerene π-Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:25328-25342. [PMID: 39223083 PMCID: PMC11403620 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c10050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Our knowledge about endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) is restricted to the structures with sufficient kinetic stability to be extracted from the arc-discharge soot and processed by chromatographic and structural techniques. For the most abundant rare-earth monometallofullerene MIII@C82, experimental studies repeatedly demonstrated C2v(9) and Cs(6) carbon cage isomers, while computations predicted equal stability of the "missing" C3v(8) isomer. Here we report that this isomer is indeed formed but has not been recovered from soot using standard protocols. Using a combination of redox extraction and subsequent benzylation and trifluoromethylation with single-crystal XRD analysis of CF3 adduct, we prove that Dy@C3v(8)-C82 is one of the most abundantly produced metallofullerenes, which was not identified in earlier studies because of the low kinetic stability. Further, using the Dy@C3v(8)-C82(CF3) and Dy@C3v(8)-C82(CH2Ph) monoadducts for the case study, we analyzed the role of metal-fullerene bonding on the single-ion magnetic anisotropy of Dy in EMFs. The multitechnique approach, combining ab initio calculations, EPR spectroscopy, and SQUID magnetometry, demonstrated that coordination of the Dy ion to the fullerene cage induces moderate, nonaxial, and very fluid magnetic anisotropy, which strongly varies with small alterations in the Dy-fullerene coordination geometry. As a result, Dy@C3v(8)-C82(CH2Ph) is a weak field-induced single-molecule magnet (SMM), whose signatures of magnetic relaxation are detectable only below 3 K. Our results demonstrate that metal-cage interactions should have a detrimental effect on the SMM performance of EMFs. At the same time, the strong variability of the magnetic anisotropy with metal position suggests tunability and offers strategies for future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Alexey Alfonsov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Noel Israel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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2
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Qiu J, Abella L, Du X, Cao Z, He Z, Meng Q, Yan Y, Poblet JM, Sun L, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Chen N. CaY@C 2n: Exploring Molecular Qubits with Ca-Y Metal-Metal Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:24310-24319. [PMID: 39165005 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Metal-metal bonding is crucial in chemistry for advancing our understanding of the fundamental aspects of chemical bonds. Metal-metal bonds based on alkaline-earth (Ae) elements, especially the heavier Ae elements (Ca, Sr, and Ba), are rarely reported due to their high electropositivity. Herein, we report two heteronuclear di-EMFs CaY@Cs(6)-C82 and CaY@C2v(5)-C80, which contain unprecedented single-electron Ca-Y metal-metal bonds. These compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. The crystallographic study of CaY@Cs(6)-C82 shows that Ca and Y are successfully encapsulated into the carbon cage with a Ca-Y distance of 3.691 Å. The CW-EPR study of both CaY@Cs(6)-C82 and CaY@C2v(5)-C80 exhibits a doublet, suggesting the presence of an unpaired electron located between Ca and Y. The combined experimental and theoretical results confirm the presence of a Ca-Y single-electron metal-metal bond with substantial covalent interaction, attributed to significant overlap between the 4s4p orbitals of Ca and the 5s5p4d orbitals of Y. Furthermore, pulse EPR spectroscopy was used to investigate the quantum coherence of the electron spin within this bond. The unpaired electron, characterized by its s orbital nature, is effectively protected by the carbon cage, resulting in efficient suppression of both spin-lattice relaxation and decoherence. CaY@Cs(6)-C82 behaves as an electron spin qubit, displaying a maximum decoherence time of 7.74 μs at 40 K. This study reveals an unprecedented Ae-rare-earth metal-metal bond stabilized by the fullerene cages and elucidates the molecular qubit properties stemming from their unique bonding character, highlighting their potential in quantum information processing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Qiu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Laura Abella
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Xiya Du
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310030, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024, China
| | - Zhengkai Cao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwen He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Qingyu Meng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yingjing Yan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Josep M Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310030, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310024, China
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310030, China
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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3
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Zhu Z, Paul S, Zhao C, Wu J, Ying X, Ungur L, Wernsdorfer W, Meyer F, Tang J. Record Quantum Tunneling Time in an Air-Stable Exchange-Bias Dysprosium Macrocycle. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18899-18904. [PMID: 38975975 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, dysprosium macrocycle single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have received increasing attention due to their excellent air/thermal stability, strong magnetic anisotropy, and rigid molecular skeleton. However, they usually display fast zero-field quantum tunneling of the magnetization (QTM) rate, severely hindering their data storage applications. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of an air-stable monodecker didysprosium macrocycle integrating strong single-ion anisotropy, near-perfect local crystal field (CF) symmetry, and efficient exchange bias. These indispensable features enable clear-cut elucidation of the crucial role of very weak antiferromagnetic coupling on magnetization dynamics, creating a prominent SMM with a large effective energy barrier (Ueff) of 670 cm-1, open hysteresis loops at zero field up to 14.9 K, and a record relaxation time of QTM (τQTM), 24281 s, for all known nonradical-bridged lanthanide SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Sagar Paul
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xu Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Liviu Ungur
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wolfgang Wernsdorfer
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jinkui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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Xin J, Hu Z, Yao YR, Ullah A, Han X, Xiang W, Jin H, Jiang Z, Yang S. Short Didysprosium Covalent Bond Enables High Magnetization Blocking Temperature of a Direct 4f-4f Coupled Dinuclear Single-Molecule Magnet. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17600-17605. [PMID: 38869355 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Coupling two magnetic anisotropic lanthanide ions via a direct covalent bond is an effective way to realize high magnetization blocking temperature of single-molecule magnets (SMMs) by suppressing quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM), whereas so far only single-electron lanthanide-lanthanide bonds with relatively large bond distances are stabilized in which coupling between lanthanide and the single electron dominates over weak direct 4f-4f coupling. Herein, we report for the first time synthesis of short Dy(II)-Dy(II) single bond (3.61 Å) confined inside a carbon cage in the form of an endohedral metallofullerene Dy2@C82. Such a direct Dy(II)-Dy(II) covalent bond renders a strong Dy-Dy antiferromagnetic coupling that effectively quenches QTM at zero magnetic field, thus opening up magnetic hysteresis up to 25 K using a field sweep rate of 25 Oe/s, concomitant with a high 100 s magnetization blocking temperature (TB,100s) of 27.2 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ziqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Aman Ullah
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Xinyi Han
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wenhao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huaimin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhanxin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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5
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Zhao Y, Hu Z, Chuai P, Jin H, Yang S, Su J, Shi Z. Capturing Metal Fluoride inside a Carbon Cage. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17003-17008. [PMID: 38865191 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
We report here a new type of metal fluoride cluster that can be stabilized inside fullerene via in situ fluorine encapsulation followed by exohedral trifluoromethylation, giving rise to rare-earth metal fluoride clusterfullerenes (FCFs) M2F@C80(CF3) (M = Gd and Y). The molecular structure of Gd2F@C80(CF3) was unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis to show a μ2-fluoride-bridged Gd-F-Gd cluster with short Gd-F bonds of 2.132(7) and 2.179(7) Å. The 19F NMR spectrum of the diamagnetic Y2F@C80(CF3) confirms the existence of the endohedral F atom, which exhibits a triplet with a large 19F-89Y coupling constant of 74 Hz and a high temperature sensitivity of the 19F chemical shift of 0.057 ppm/K. Theoretical studies reveal the ionic Y-F bonding nature arising from the highest electronegativity of the F element and an electronic configuration of [Y2F]5+@[C80]5- with an open-shell carbon cage, which thus necessitates the stabilization of FCFs by exohedral trifluoromethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhao
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Hu
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Panfeng Chuai
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaimin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jie Su
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zujin Shi
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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6
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Hu Z, Yang S. Endohedral metallofullerene molecular nanomagnets. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2863-2897. [PMID: 38324027 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic lanthanide (Ln) metal complexes exhibiting magnetic bistability can behave as molecular nanomagnets, also known as single-molecule magnets (SMMs), suitable for storing magnetic information at the molecular level, thus attracting extensive interest in the quest for high-density information storage and quantum information technologies. Upon encapsulating Ln ion(s) into fullerene cages, endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) have been proven as a promising and versatile platform to realize chemically robust SMMs, in which the magnetic properties are able to be readily tailored by altering the configurations of the encapsulated species and the host cages. In this review, we present critical discussions on the molecular structures and magnetic characterizations of EMF-SMMs, with the focus on their peculiar molecular and electronic structures and on the intriguing molecular magnetism arising from such structural uniqueness. In this context, different families of magnetic EMFs are summarized, including mononuclear EMF-SMMs wherein single-ion anisotropy is decisive, dinuclear clusterfullerenes whose magnetism is governed by intramolecular magnetic interaction, and radical-bridged dimetallic EMFs with high-spin ground states that arise from the strong ferromagnetic coupling. We then discuss how molecular assemblies of SMMs can be constructed, in a way that the original SMM behavior is either retained or altered in a controlled manner, thanks to the chemical robustness of EMFs. Finally, on the basis of understanding the structure-magnetic property correlation, we propose design strategies for high-performance EMF-SMMs by engineering ligand fields, electronic structures, magnetic interactions, and molecular vibrations that can couple to the spin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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7
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Yang W, Rosenkranz M, Velkos G, Ziegs F, Dubrovin V, Schiemenz S, Spree L, de Souza Barbosa MF, Guillemard C, Valvidares M, Büchner B, Liu F, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Covalency versus magnetic axiality in Nd molecular magnets: Nd-photoluminescence, strong ligand-field, and unprecedented nephelauxetic effect in fullerenes NdM 2N@C 80 (M = Sc, Lu, Y). Chem Sci 2024; 15:2141-2157. [PMID: 38332818 PMCID: PMC10848757 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05146c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nd-based nitride clusterfullerenes NdM2N@C80 with rare-earth metals of different sizes (M = Sc, Y, Lu) were synthesized to elucidate the influence of the cluster composition, shape and internal strain on the structural and magnetic properties. Single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed a very short Nd-N bond length in NdSc2N@C80. For Lu and Y analogs, the further shortening of the Nd-N bond and pyramidalization of the NdM2N cluster are predicted by DFT calculations as a result of the increased cluster size and a strain caused by the limited size of the fullerene cage. The short distance between Nd and nitride ions leads to a very large ligand-field splitting of Nd3+ of 1100-1200 cm-1, while the variation of the NdM2N cluster composition and concomitant internal strain results in the noticeable modulation of the splitting, which could be directly assessed from the well-resolved fine structure in the Nd-based photoluminescence spectra of NdM2N@C80 clusterfullerenes. Photoluminescence measurements also revealed an unprecedentedly strong nephelauxetic effect, pointing to a high degree of covalency. The latter appears detrimental to the magnetic axiality despite the strong ligand field. As a result, the ground magnetic state has considerable transversal components of the pseudospin g-tensor, and the slow magnetic relaxation of NdSc2N@C80 could be observed by AC magnetometry only in the presence of a magnetic field. A combination of the well-resolved magneto-optical states and slow relaxation of magnetization suggests that Nd clusterfullerenes can be useful building blocks for magneto-photonic quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Frank Ziegs
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Sandra Schiemenz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
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8
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Vieru V, Gómez-Coca S, Ruiz E, Chibotaru LF. Increasing the Magnetic Blocking Temperature of Single-Molecule Magnets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202303146. [PMID: 37539652 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of single-molecule magnets (SMMs), magnetic complexes capable of retaining magnetization blocking for a long time at elevated temperatures, has been a major concern for magnetochemists over the last three decades. In this review, we describe basic SMMs and the different approaches that allow high magnetization-blocking temperatures to be reached. We focus on the basic factors affecting magnetization blocking, magnetic axiality and the height of the blocking barrier, which can be used to group different families of complexes in terms of their SMM efficiency. Finally, we discuss several practical routes for the design of mono- and polynuclear complexes that could be applied in memory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veacheslav Vieru
- Maastricht Science Programme, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6229 EN, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Gómez-Coca
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Liviu F Chibotaru
- Theory of Nanomaterials Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Chang X, Xu Y, von Delius M. Recent advances in supramolecular fullerene chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:47-83. [PMID: 37853792 PMCID: PMC10759306 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00937d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene chemistry has come a long way since 1990, when the first bulk production of C60 was reported. In the past decade, progress in supramolecular chemistry has opened some remarkable and previously unexpected opportunities regarding the selective (multiple) functionalization of fullerenes and their (self)assembly into larger structures and frameworks. The purpose of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of these recent developments. We describe how macrocycles and cages that bind strongly to C60 can be used to block undesired addition patterns and thus allow the selective preparation of single-isomer addition products. We also discuss how the emergence of highly shape-persistent macrocycles has opened opportunities for the study of photoactive fullerene dyads and triads as well as the preparation of mechanically interlocked compounds. The preparation of two- or three-dimensional fullerene materials is another research area that has seen remarkable progress over the past few years. Due to the rapidly decreasing price of C60 and C70, we believe that these achievements will translate into all fields where fullerenes have traditionally (third-generation solar cells) and more recently been applied (catalysis, spintronics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmao Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
| | - Youzhi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
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10
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Yang W, Velkos G, Rosenkranz M, Schiemenz S, Liu F, Popov AA. Nd─Nd Bond in I h and D 5h Cage Isomers of Nd 2 @C 80 Stabilized by Electrophilic CF 3 Addition. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305190. [PMID: 37946664 PMCID: PMC10767449 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of molecular compounds with metal-metal bonds between 4f elements is recognized as one of the fascinating milestones in lanthanide metallochemistry. The main focus of such studies is on heavy lanthanides due to the interest in their magnetism, while bonding between light lanthanides remains unexplored. In this work, the Nd─Nd bonding in Nd-dimetallofullerenes as a case study of metal-metal bonding between early lanthanides is demonstrated. Combined experimental and computational study proves that pristine Nd2 @C80 has an open shell structure with a single electron occupying the Nd─Nd bonding orbital. Nd2 @C80 is stabilized by a one-electron reduction and further by the electrophilic CF3 addition to [Nd2 @C80 ]- . Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals the formation of two Nd2 @C80 (CF3 ) isomers with D5h -C80 and Ih -C80 carbon cages, both featuring a single-electron Nd─Nd bond with the length of 3.78-3.79 Å. The mutual influence of the exohedral CF3 group and endohedral metal dimer in determining the molecular structure of the adducts is analyzed. Unlike Tb or Dy analogs, which are strong single-molecule magnets with high blocking temperature of magnetization, the slow relaxation of magnetization in Nd2 @Ih -C80 (CF3 ) is detectable via out-of-phase magnetic susceptibility only below 3 K and in the presence of magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Sandra Schiemenz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
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11
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Shui Y, Liu D, Zhao P, Zhao X, Ehara M, Lu X, Akasaka T, Yang T. Element effects in endohedral metal-metal-bonding fullerenes M2@C82 (M = Sc, Y, La, Lu). J Chem Phys 2023; 159:244302. [PMID: 38131484 DOI: 10.1063/5.0180309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endohedral metal-metal-bonding fullerenes have recently emerged, in which encapsulated metals form a metal-metal bond. However, the physical reasons why some metal elements prefer to form metal-metal bonds inside fullerene are still unclear. Herein, we reported first-principles calculations on electronic structures, bonding properties, dynamics, and thermodynamic stabilities of endohedral metallofullerenes M2@C82 (M = Sc, Y, La, Lu). Multiple bonding analysis approaches unambiguously reveal the existence of one two-center two-electron σ covalent metal-metal bond in M2@C82 (M = Sc, Y, Lu); however, the La-La bonding interaction in La2@C82 is weaker and could not be categorized as one metal-metal covalent bond. The energy decomposition analysis on bonding interactions between an encapsulated metal dimer and fullerene cages suggested that there exist two electron-sharing bonds between a metal dimer and fullerene cages. The reasons why La2 prefers to donate electrons to fullerene cages rather than form a standard σ covalent metal-metal bond are mainly attributed to two following facts: La2 has a lower ionization potential, while the hybridization of ns, (n - 1)d, and np atomic orbitals in La2 is higher. Ab initio molecular dynamic simulations reveal that the M-M bond length at room temperature follows the trend of Sc < Lu < Y. The statistical thermodynamics calculations at different temperatures reveal that the experimentally observed endohedral metal-metal-bonding fullerenes M2@C82 have high concentrations in the endohedral fullerene formation temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shui
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Xiang Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
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12
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Yan Y, Abella L, Sun R, Fang YH, Roselló Y, Shen Y, Jin M, Rodríguez-Fortea A, de Graaf C, Meng Q, Yao YR, Echegoyen L, Wang BW, Gao S, Poblet JM, Chen N. Actinide-lanthanide single electron metal-metal bond formed in mixed-valence di-metallofullerenes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6637. [PMID: 37863887 PMCID: PMC10589252 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding metal-metal bonding involving f-block elements has been a challenging goal in chemistry. Here we report a series of mixed-valence di-metallofullerenes, ThDy@C2n (2n = 72, 76, 78, and 80) and ThY@C2n (2n = 72 and 78), which feature single electron actinide-lanthanide metal-metal bonds, characterized by structural, spectroscopic and computational methods. Crystallographic characterization unambiguously confirmed that Th and Y or Dy are encapsulated inside variably sized fullerene carbon cages. The ESR study of ThY@D3h(5)-C78 shows a doublet as expected for an unpaired electron interacting with Y, and a SQUID magnetometric study of ThDy@D3h(5)-C78 reveals a high-spin ground state for the whole molecule. Theoretical studies further confirm the presence of a single-electron bonding interaction between Y or Dy and Th, due to a significant overlap between hybrid spd orbitals of the two metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjing Yan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Laura Abella
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Hui Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yannick Roselló
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yi Shen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Meihe Jin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Coen de Graaf
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Qingyu Meng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Bing-Wu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Josep M Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
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13
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Xiang W, Hu Z, Xin J, Jin H, Jiang Z, Han X, Chen M, Yao YR, Yang S. Steering Single-Electron Metal-Metal Bonds and Hyperfine Coupling between a Transition Metal-Lanthanide Heteronuclear Bimetal Confined in Carbon Cages. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22599-22608. [PMID: 37787921 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Metal complexes bearing single-electron metal-metal bonds (SEMBs) exhibit unusual electronic structures evoking strong magnetic coupling, and such bonds can be stabilized in the form of dimetallofullerenes (di-EMFs) in which two metals are confined in a carbon cage. Up to now, only a few di-EMFs containing SEMBs are reported, which are all based on a high-symmetry icosahedral (Ih) C80 cage embedding homonuclear rare-earth bimetals, and a chemical modification of the Ih-C80 cage is required to stabilize the SEMB. Herein, by introducing 3d-block transition metal titanium (Ti) along with 4f-block lanthanum (La) into the carbon cage, we synthesized the first crystallographically characterized SEMB-containing 3d-4f heteronuclear di-EMFs based on pristine fullerene cages. Four novel La-Ti heteronuclear di-EMFs were isolated, namely, LaTi@D3h(5)-C78, LaTi@Ih(7)-C80, LaTi@D5h(6)-C80, and LaTi@C2v(9)-C82, and their molecular structures were unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Upon increasing the cage size from C78 to C82, the La-Ti distance decreases from 4.31 to 3.97 Å, affording fine-tuning of the metal-metal bonding and hyperfine coupling, as evidenced by an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopic study. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm the existence of SEMB in all four LaTi@C2n di-EMFs, and the accumulation of electron density between La and Ti atoms shifts gradually from the proximity of the Ti atom inside C78 to the center of the LaTi bimetal inside C82 due to the decrease of the La-Ti distance. The electronic properties of LaTi@C2n heteronuclear dimetallofullerenes differ apparently from their homonuclear La2@C2n counterparts, revealing the peculiarity of heteronuclear dimetallofullerenes with the involvement of 3d-block transition metal Ti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ziqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinpeng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huaimin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhanxin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xinyi Han
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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14
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Xia CC, Zhang XY, Zhang CC, Li G, Wei HY, Wang XY. Syntheses and magnetic properties of a bis-bidentate nitronyl nitroxide radical based on triazolopyrimidine and its metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37326416 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01277h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel bis-bidentate nitronyl nitroxide radical based on triazolopyrimidine, NIT-2-TrzPm (NIT-2-TrzPm = (2-(2'-triazolopyrimidine)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxy-3-oxide)) and six new transition metal complexes of this ligand, namely [M(hfac)2(NIT-2-TrzPm)]·CH2Cl2 (M = Mn (1Mn) and Co (2Co)), [M(hfac)2]2(NIT-2-TrzPm) (M = Mn (3Mn) and Co (4Co)), [Mn(NIT-2-TrzPm)2(MeOH)2](ClO4)2·MeOH (5Mn), and [Co(NIT-2-TrzPm)2(MeOH)2]2(ClO4)4·4MeOH (6Co) were prepared and characterized structurally and magnetically. These complexes can be selectively synthesized by controlling the reaction ratio of M(hfac)2·2H2O to the radical ligand (for 1Mn to 4Co) or using metal perchlorates as the starting materials (for 5Mn and 6Co). Single crystal X-ray crystallographic analyses confirmed that 1Mn and 2Co are isostructural 3d-2p MII-radical complexes, in which the NIT-2-TrzPm radical acts as a terminal bidentate ligand chelating to one 3d ion, while 3Mn and 4Co are isostructural 3d-2p-3d MII-radical-MII complexes with the NIT-2-TrzPm radical acting as a bridging ligand between two 3d ions. For complexes 5Mn and 6Co, two NIT-2-TrzPm ligands from the equatorial positions coordinate with the metal center to form the 2p-3d-2p structures with the axial positions occupied by two methanol molecules. Magnetic analysis on the MnII complexes revealed the existence of a strong antiferromagnetic interaction between the MnII and the NIT radical spin, while weak ferromagnetic coupling for Mn⋯Mn and Rad⋯Rad in the Mn-NIT-Mn and Rad-Mn-Rad spins was confirmed. Interestingly, although the NIT-bridged complexes 3Mn and 4Co possess significantly different magnetic anisotropy, field-induced slow magnetic relaxation can be observed in both complexes, which was assigned to the phonon bottleneck effect for 3Mn and field-induced SMM behavior for 4Co. To the best of our knowledge, 3Mn is the first example of the NIT-bridged binuclear MnII complex undergoing slow magnetic relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Cheng-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Hai-Yan Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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15
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Li HD, Wu SG, Tong ML. Lanthanide-radical single-molecule magnets: current status and future challenges. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6159-6170. [PMID: 37129902 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc07042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the field of molecular magnetism, the lanthanide-radical (Ln-Rad) method has become one of the most appealing tactics for introducing strong magnetic interactions and has spurred on the booming development of heterospin single-molecule magnets (SMMs). The article is a timely retrospect on the research progress of Ln-Rad heterospin systems and special attention is invested on low dimensional Ln-Rad compounds with SMM behavior, primarily concerning with nitrogen-based radicals, semiquinone and nitroxide radicals. Rational design, molecular structures, magnetic behaviors and magneto-structural correlations are highlighted. Meanwhile, particular attention is focused on the influence of exchange couplings on the dynamic magnetic properties, with the purpose of helping to guide the design of prospective radical-based Ln-SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Dao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China
| | - Si-Guo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Ming-Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
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16
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Li Y, Biswas R, Kopcha WP, Dubroca T, Abella L, Sun Y, Crichton RA, Rathnam C, Yang L, Yeh Y, Kundu K, Rodríguez‐Fortea A, Poblet JM, Lee K, Hill S, Zhang J. Structurally Defined Water-Soluble Metallofullerene Derivatives towards Biomedical Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211704. [PMID: 36349405 PMCID: PMC9983306 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) are excellent carriers of rare-earth element (REE) ions in biomedical applications because they preclude the release of toxic metal ions. However, existing approaches to synthesize water-soluble EMF derivatives yield mixtures that inhibit precise drug design. Here we report the synthesis of metallobuckytrio (MBT), a three-buckyball system, as a modular platform to develop structurally defined water-soluble EMF derivatives with ligands by choice. Demonstrated with PEG ligands, the resulting water-soluble MBTs show superb biocompatibility. The Gd MBTs exhibit superior T1 relaxivity than typical Gd complexes, potentially superseding current clinical MRI contrast agents in both safety and efficiency. The Lu MBTs generated reactive oxygen species upon light irradiation, showing promise as photosensitizers. With their modular nature to incorporate other ligands, we anticipate the MBT platform to open new paths towards bio-specific REE drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey123 Bevier RdPiscatawayNJ 08854USA
| | - Rohin Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey123 Bevier RdPiscatawayNJ 08854USA
| | - William P. Kopcha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey123 Bevier RdPiscatawayNJ 08854USA
| | - Thierry Dubroca
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL)Florida State University1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr.TallahasseeFL 32310USA
| | - Laura Abella
- Departament de Química Física i InorgànicaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliMarcel⋅lí Domingo 143007TarragonaSpain
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey123 Bevier RdPiscatawayNJ 08854USA
| | - Ryan A. Crichton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey123 Bevier RdPiscatawayNJ 08854USA
| | - Christopher Rathnam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey123 Bevier RdPiscatawayNJ 08854USA
| | - Letao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey123 Bevier RdPiscatawayNJ 08854USA
| | - Yao‐Wen Yeh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey136 Frelinghuysen RdPiscatawayNJ 08854USA
| | - Krishnendu Kundu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL)Florida State University1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr.TallahasseeFL 32310USA
| | - Antonio Rodríguez‐Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i InorgànicaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliMarcel⋅lí Domingo 143007TarragonaSpain
| | - Josep M. Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i InorgànicaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliMarcel⋅lí Domingo 143007TarragonaSpain
| | - Ki‐Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey123 Bevier RdPiscatawayNJ 08854USA
| | - Stephen Hill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL)Florida State University1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr.TallahasseeFL 32310USA
- Department of PhysicsFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA
| | - Jianyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey123 Bevier RdPiscatawayNJ 08854USA
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17
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Zhang JX, Liu MW, Wang WY, Jia RL, Yan MQ, Xuan J, Li F. KO tBu-Promoted, Three-Component Domino Reaction of Arenes(indoles/phenols), C 60, and (Per/poly)fluoroarenes: Achieving Direct C-C Cross-Coupling of Fullerene with (Per/poly)fluoroarenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:116-131. [PMID: 36538325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A KOtBu-promoted, three-component cross-coupling of arenes(indoles/phenols), C60, and (per/poly)fluoroarenes has been established for the one-pot efficient synthesis of various 1,4-arene-bridged bis(polyfluoroaryl)-functionalized [60]fullerenes. This developed reaction system demonstrates good functional group compatibilities with broad substrate scope, which exhibits high regio- and chemoselectivities. Further control experiment succeeded in providing a one-pot protocol for the synthesis of various 1,2-N-(per/poly)fluoroarene-substituted 1,2-(3-indole)(hydro)fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Ming-Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Wan-Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Rui-Lin Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Man-Qing Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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18
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Li WQ, Ma MX, Ni QL, Li SM, Gui LC, Wang XJ. Synthesis, structures and magnetic properties of four dysprosium-based complexes with a multidentate ligand with steric constraint. CrystEngComm 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce01201d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Four dysprosium-based complexes with a multidentate ligand with steric constraint were constructed. Their structures and magnetic properties were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Meng-Xia Ma
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qing-Ling Ni
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shi-Ming Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Liu-Cheng Gui
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiu-Jian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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Zhang C. Application of Aromatic Substituted 2,2,2-Trifluoro Diazoethanes in Organic Reactions. CURR ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272826666220516113815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
This review provides an overview of metal-, nonmetal-, light-, or catalyst free-promoting reactions of aromatic substituted 2,2,2-trifluoro diazoethanes with organic molecules for the synthesis of trifluoromethyl-substituted compounds. Several approaches will be reviewed and divided into (i) copper-, iron-, Trop(BF4)-, B(C6F5)3-, light-, or rhodium-promoted reactions of aromatic substituted 2,2,2-trifluoro diazoethanes with silanes, amines, mercaptans, phosphonates, p-cyanophenol, benzoic acid, diphenylphosphinic acid, boranes and nBu3SnH, (ii) rhodium-catalyzed reactions of aromatic substituted 2,2,2-trifluoro diazoethanes with amides and phenylhydroxylamine, (iii) copper-, rhodium-, silver-, and light-catalyzed reactions of aromatic substituted 2,2,2-trifluoro diazoethanes with alkynes, (iv) palladium-, copper-, rhodium- and iron-catalyzed reactions of aromatic substituted 2,2,2-trifluoro diazoethanes with alkenes, (v) BF3·OEt2-, copper-, tin- or TBAB-catalyzed reactions of aromatic substituted 2,2,2-trifluoro diazoethanes with HF·Py, (difluoroiodo)toluene (p-TolIF2), TMSCF3, AgSCF3, TMSCF2Br or 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, (vi) palladium-, copper-, gold/silver- or rhodium-catalyzed reactions of aromatic substituted 2,2,2-trifluoro diazoethanes with indoles, benzene compounds or pyridines, and (vii) palladium-catalyzed reaction of aromatic substituted 2,2,2-trifluoro diazoethanes with benzyl or allyl bromides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- Department of safety supervision and management, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Safety Technology, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Zhu Z, Tang J. Metal–metal bond in lanthanide single-molecule magnets. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9469-9481. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00516f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent critical advances in lanthanide SMMs, highlighting the influences of metal–metal bonds on the magnetization dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinkui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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Yang Q, Ungur L, Wernsdorfer W, Tang J. Toroidal magnetic moments in Tb4 squares. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01459e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of Tb4 complexes isolated from reduced or dimerized Schiff base ligand share a similar µ4-O bridged Tb4 square core with the magnetic moments of the TbIII ions in...
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22
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Chen YC, Tong ML. Single-Molecule Magnets beyond a Single Lanthanide Ion: The Art of Coupling. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8716-8726. [PMID: 35975153 PMCID: PMC9350631 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01532c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The promising future of storing and processing quantized information at the molecular level has been attracting the study of Single-Molecule Magnets (SMMs) for almost three decades. Although some recent breakthroughs are mainly about the SMMs containing only one lanthanide ion, we believe SMMs can tell a much deeper story than the single-ion anisotropy. Here in this Perspective, we will try to draw a unified picture of SMMs as a delicately coupled spin system between multiple spin centres. The hierarchical couplings will be presented step-by-step, from the intra-atomic hyperfine coupling, to the direct and indirect intra-molecular couplings with neighbouring spin centres, and all the way to the inter-molecular and spin–phonon couplings. Along with the discussions on their distinctive impacts on the energy level structures and thus magnetic behaviours, a promising big picture for further studies is proposed, encouraging the multifaceted developments of molecular magnetism and beyond. In this Perspective, we draw a unified picture for single-molecule magnets as delicately coupled spin systems, discuss the hierarchical couplings (from intra-atomic to inter-molecular) and their distinctive impacts on the magnetic behaviours.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Ming-Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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