1
|
Dai C, Chen Y, Xu J, Zheng X, Chen H, Fu H, Li R. Highly selective and additive-free Pd(OAc) 2/CPP catalyzed hydroaminocarbonylation of alkynes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5534-5539. [PMID: 38915273 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00644e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis of branched α,β-unsaturated amides by a hydroaminocarbonylation reaction of alkynes with various amine substrates such as aromatic amines, aliphatic amines, solid amine sources like NH4HCO3, and even strongly basic piperidines is reported, using a Pd(OAc)2/hybrid N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphine-phosphine (CPP) catalytic system. The reactions feature no additives, wide substrate scope, high selectivity (b/l > 99 : 1) and excellent yields. Mechanistic studies have disclosed that the reaction takes place via a palladium hydride pathway. CPP adopts a hybrid bidentate ligand conformation with a carbene-phosphine coordination mode, wherein one phosphorus atom remains externally accessible, potentially serving as a stabilizing auxiliary during catalytic cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Dai
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang H, Zhang J, Zhang S, Xue Z, Hu S, Chen Y, Tang Y. Chiral Bisphosphine-Catalyzed Asymmetric Staudinger/aza-Wittig Reaction: An Enantioselective Desymmetrizing Approach to Crinine-Type Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14136-14148. [PMID: 38642063 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
An unprecedented chiral bisphosphine-catalyzed asymmetric Staudinger/aza-Wittig reaction of 2,2-disubstituted cyclohexane-1,3-diones is reported, enabling the facile access of a broad range of cis-3a-arylhydroindoles in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities. The key to the success of this work relies on the first application of chiral bisphosphine DuanPhos to the asymmetric Staudinger/aza-Wittig reaction. An effective reductive system has been established to address the challenging PV═O/PIII redox cycle associated with the chiral bisphosphine catalyst. In addition, comprehensive experimental and computational investigations were carried out to elucidate the mechanism of the asymmetric reaction. Leveraging the newly developed chemistry, the enantioselective total syntheses of several crinine-type Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, including (+)-powelline, (+)-buphanamine, (+)-vittatine, and (+)-crinane, have been accomplished with remarkable conciseness and efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingyang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhengwen Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shengkun Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yefeng Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Clarke GE, Firth JD, Ledingham LA, Horbaczewskyj CS, Bourne RA, Bray JTW, Martin PL, Eastwood JB, Campbell R, Pagett A, MacQuarrie DJ, Slattery JM, Lynam JM, Whitwood AC, Milani J, Hart S, Wilson J, Fairlamb IJS. Deciphering complexity in Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3968. [PMID: 38729925 PMCID: PMC11087562 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding complex reaction systems is critical in chemistry. While synthetic methods for selective formation of products are sought after, oftentimes it is the full reaction signature, i.e., complete profile of products/side-products, that informs mechanistic rationale and accelerates discovery chemistry. Here, we report a methodology using high-throughput experimentation and multivariate data analysis to examine the full signature of one of the most complicated chemical reactions catalyzed by palladium known in the chemical literature. A model Pd-catalyzed reaction was selected involving functionalization of 2-bromo-N-phenylbenzamide and multiple bond activation pathways. Principal component analysis, correspondence analysis and heatmaps with hierarchical clustering reveal the factors contributing to the variance in product distributions and show associations between solvents and reaction products. Using robust data from experiments performed with eight solvents, for four different reaction times at five different temperatures, we correlate side-products to a major dominant N-phenyl phenanthridinone product, and many other side products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George E Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - James D Firth
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | | | - Richard A Bourne
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry & School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Joshua T W Bray
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Poppy L Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Rebecca Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Alex Pagett
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - John M Slattery
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jason M Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Adrian C Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jessica Milani
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Sam Hart
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Julie Wilson
- Department of Mathematics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Ian J S Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mdluli V, Lehnherr D, Lam YH, Chaudhry MT, Newman JA, DaSilva JO, Regalado EL. Electrosynthesis of iminophosphoranes and applications in nickel catalysis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5980-5992. [PMID: 38665537 PMCID: PMC11041257 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05357a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
P(v) iminophosphorane compounds are accessed via electrochemical oxidation of commercially available P(iii) phosphines, including mono-, di- and tri-dentate phosphines, as well as chiral phosphines. The reaction uses inexpensive bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide as an efficient and safe aminating reagent. DFT calculations, cyclic voltammetry, and NMR studies provide insight into the reaction mechanism. The proposed mechanism reveals a special case of sequential paired electrolysis. DFT calculations of the frontier orbitals of an iminophosphorane are compared with those of the analogous phosphines and phosphine oxides. X-ray crystallographic studies of the ligands as well as a Ni-coordination complex provide structural insight for these ligands. The utility of these iminophosphoranes as ligands is demonstrated in nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile couplings including C(sp2)-C(sp3) and C(sp2)-C(sp2) couplings, an electrochemically driven C-N cross-coupling, and a photochemical arylative C(sp3)-H functionalization. In some cases, these new ligands provide improved performance over commonly used sp2-N-based ligands (e.g. 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Velabo Mdluli
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway New Jersey 07065 USA
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway New Jersey 07065 USA
| | - Yu-Hong Lam
- Modeling and Informatics, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway New Jersey 07065 USA
| | - Mohammad T Chaudhry
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway New Jersey 07065 USA
| | - Justin A Newman
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway New Jersey 07065 USA
| | - Jimmy O DaSilva
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway New Jersey 07065 USA
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway New Jersey 07065 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xue J, Zhang YS, Huan Z, Luo HT, Dong L, Yang JD, Cheng JP. Phosphonium-Catalyzed Monoreduction of Bisphosphine Dioxides: Origin of Selectivity and Synthetic Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9335-9346. [PMID: 38501695 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Controlling product selectivity in successive reactions of the same type is challenging owing to the comparable thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the reactions involved. Here, the synergistic interaction of the two phosphoryl groups in bisphosphine dioxides (BPDOs) with a bromo-phosphonium cation was studied experimentally to provide a practical tool for substrate-catalyst recognition. As the eventual result, we have developed a phosphonium-catalyzed monoreduction of chiral BPDOs to access an array of synthetically useful bisphosphine monoxides (BPMOs) with axial, spiro, and planar chirality, which are otherwise challenging to synthesize before. The reaction features excellent selectivity and impressive reactivity. It proceeds under mild conditions, avoiding the use of superstoichiometric amounts of additives and metal catalysts to simplify the synthetic procedure. The accessibility and scalability of the reaction allowed for the rapid construction of a ligand library for optimization of asymmetric Heck-type cyclization, laying the foundation for a broad range of applications of chiral BPMOs in catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu-Shan Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Huan
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hai-Tian Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Likun Dong
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Dong Yang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pipaón Fernández N, Cruise O, Easton SEF, Kaplan JM, Woodard JL, Hruszkewycz DP, Leitch DC. Direct Heterocycle C-H Alkenylation via Dual Catalysis Using a Palladacycle Precatalyst: Multifactor Optimization and Scope Exploration Enabled by High-Throughput Experimentation. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38206166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in developing catalytic methods for C-C bond formation is the identification of generally applicable reaction conditions, particularly if multiple substrate structural classes are involved. Pd-catalyzed direct arylation reactions are powerful transformations that enable direct functionalization of C-H bonds; however, the corresponding direct alkenylation reactions, using vinyl (pseudo) halide electrophiles, are less well developed. Inspired by process development efforts toward GSK3368715, an investigational active pharmaceutical ingredient, we report that a Pd(II) palladacycle derived from tri-tert-butylphosphine and Pd(OAc)2 is an effective single-component precatalyst for a variety of direct alkenylation reactions. High-throughput experimentation identified optimal solvent/base combinations for a variety of HetAr-H substrate classes undergoing C-H activation without the need for cocatalysts or stoichiometric silver bases (e.g., Ag2CO3). We propose this reaction proceeds via a dual cooperative catalytic mechanism, where in situ-generated Pd(0) supports a canonical Pd(0)/(II) cross-coupling cycle and the palladacycle effects C-H activation via CMD in a redox-neutral cycle. In all, 192 substrate combinations were tested with a hit rate of approximately 40% and 24 isolated examples. Importantly, this method was applied to prepare a key intermediate in the synthesis of GSK3368715 on multigram scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahiane Pipaón Fernández
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road., Victoria, Briish Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Odhran Cruise
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road., Victoria, Briish Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sarah E F Easton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road., Victoria, Briish Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Justin M Kaplan
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - John L Woodard
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Damian P Hruszkewycz
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - David C Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road., Victoria, Briish Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vo QV, Hoa NT, Flavel M, Thong NM, Boulebd H, Nam PC, Quang DT, Mechler A. A Comprehensive Study of the Radical Scavenging Activity of Rosmarinic Acid. J Org Chem 2023; 88:17237-17248. [PMID: 38011833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is reported in separate studies to be either an inducer or reliever of oxidative stress, and this contradiction has not been resolved. In this study, we present a comprehensive examination of the radical scavenging activity of RA using density functional theory calculations in comparison with experimental data. In model physiological media, RA exhibited strong HO• radical scavenging activity with overall rate constant values of 2.89 × 1010 and 3.86 × 109 M-1 s-1. RA is anticipated to exhibit excellent scavenging properties for HOO• in an aqueous environment (koverall = 3.18 × 108 M-1 s-1, ≈2446 times of Trolox) following the hydrogen transfer and single electron transfer pathways of the dianion state. The neutral form of the activity is equally noteworthy in a lipid environment (koverall = 3.16 × 104 M-1 s-1) by the formal hydrogen transfer mechanism of the O6(7,15,16)-H bonds. Chelation with RA may prevent Cu(II) from reduction by the ascorbic acid anion (AA-), hence blocking the OIL-1 pathway, suggesting that RA in an aqueous environment also serves as an OIL-1 antioxidant. The computational findings exhibit strong concurrence with the experimental observations, indicating that RA possesses a significant efficacy as a radical scavenger in physiological environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan V Vo
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education, Danang550000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education, Danang550000, Vietnam
| | - Matthew Flavel
- TPM Bioactives Division, The Product Makers Pty. Ltd., Melbourne 3173, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Nguyen Minh Thong
- The University of Danang-University of Science and Education, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Houssem Boulebd
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, University of Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine 25017, Algeria
| | - Pham Cam Nam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Danang - University of Science and Technology, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Duong Tuan Quang
- University of Education, Hue University, Hue City 530000, Vietnam
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lutz MR, Roediger S, Rivero-Crespo MA, Morandi B. Mechanistic Investigation of the Rhodium-Catalyzed Transfer Hydroarylation Reaction Involving Reversible C-C Bond Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26657-26666. [PMID: 38032811 PMCID: PMC10722515 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds are ubiquitous but are among the least reactive bonds in organic chemistry. Recently, catalytic approaches to activate C-C bonds by transition metals have demonstrated the synthetic potential of directly reorganizing the skeleton of small molecules. However, these approaches are usually restricted to strained molecules or rely on directing groups, limiting their broader impact. We report a detailed mechanistic study of a rare example of catalytic C-C bond cleavage of unstrained alcohols that enables reversible ketone transfer hydroarylation under Rh-catalysis. Combined insight from kinetic analysis, in situ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) monitoring, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations supports a symmetric catalytic cycle, including a key reversible β-carbon elimination event. In addition, we provide evidence regarding the turnover-limiting step, the catalyst resting state, and the role of the sterically encumbered NHC ligand. The study further led to an improved catalytic system with the discovery of two air-stable precatalysts that showed higher activity for the transformation in comparison to the original conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sven Roediger
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Bill Morandi
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Jesus R, Hiesinger K, van Gemmeren M. Preparative Scale Applications of C-H Activation in Medicinal Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306659. [PMID: 37283078 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
C-H activation is an attractive methodology to increase molecular complexity without requiring substrate prefunctionalization. In contrast to well-established cross-coupling methods, C-H activation is less explored on large scales and its use in the production of pharmaceuticals faces substantial hurdles. However, the inherent advantages, such as shorter synthetic routes and simpler starting materials, motivate medicinal chemists and process chemists to overcome these challenges, and exploit C-H activation steps for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant compounds. In this review, we will cover examples of drugs/drug candidates where C-H activation has been implemented on a preparative synthetic scale (range between 355 mg and 130 kg). The optimization processes will be described, and each example will be examined in terms of its advantages and disadvantages, providing the reader with an in-depth understanding of the challenges and potential of C-H activation methodologies in the production of pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Jesus
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hiesinger
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moore MJ, Qin P, Yamasaki N, Zeng X, Keith DJ, Jung S, Fukazawa T, Graham-O’Regan K, Wu ZC, Chatterjee S, Boger DL. Tetrachlorovancomycin: Total Synthesis of a Designed Glycopeptide Antibiotic of Reduced Synthetic Complexity. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21132-21141. [PMID: 37721995 PMCID: PMC10538376 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
A technically straightforward total synthesis of a new class of vancomycin analogues of reduced synthetic complexity was developed that provided tetrachlorovancomycin (1, LLS = 15 steps, 15% overall yield) and its precursor aglycon 29 (nearly 20% overall yield). The class retains all the intricate vancomycin structural features that contribute to its target binding affinity and selectivity, maintains the antimicrobial activity of vancomycin, and achieves the simplification by an unusual addition, not removal, of benign substituents to the core structure. The modification, accomplished by addition of two aryl chloride substituents to provide 1, permitted a streamlined total synthesis of the new glycopeptide antibiotic class by removing the challenges associated with CD and DE ring system atropisomer stereochemical control. This also enabled their simultaneous and further-activated SNAr macrocyclizations that establish the tricyclic skeleton of 1. Key elements of the approach include catalyst-controlled diastereoselective formation of the AB biaryl axis of chirality (>30:1 dr), an essentially instantaneous macrolactamization of the AB ring system free of competitive epimerization (>30:1 dr), racemization free coupling of the E ring tetrapeptide, room temperature simultaneous CD and DE ring system cyclizations, a highly refined 4-step conversion of the cyclization product to the aglycon, and a protecting-group-free one-pot enzymatic glycosylation for disaccharide introduction. In addition to the antimicrobial evaluation of tetrachlorovancomycin (1), the preparation of key peripherally modified derivatives, which introduce independent and synergistic mechanisms of action, revealed their exceptional antimicrobial potency and provide the foundation for future use of this new class of synthetic glycopeptide analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell J. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pengjin Qin
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Naoto Yamasaki
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xianhuang Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - D. Jamin Keith
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sunna Jung
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Takumi Fukazawa
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katherine Graham-O’Regan
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhi-Chen Wu
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shreyosree Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Salameh N, Valentini F, Baudoin O, Vaccaro L. A General Enantioselective C-H Arylation Using an Immobilized Recoverable Palladium Catalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202300609. [PMID: 37486306 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
We herein report a general and efficient enantioselective C-H arylation of aryl bromides based on the use of BozPhos as the bisphosphine ligand and SP-NHC-PdII as recoverable heterogeneous catalyst. By exploiting the "release and catch" mechanism of action of the catalytic system, we used BozPhos as a broadly applicable chiral ligand, furnishing high enantioselectivities across all types of examined substrates containing methyl, cyclopropyl and aryl C-H bonds. For each reaction, the reaction scope was investigated, giving rise to 30 enantioenriched products, obtained with high yields and enantioselectivities, and minimal palladium leaching. The developed catalytic system provides a more sustainable solution compared to homogeneous systems for the synthesis of high added-value chiral products through recycling of the precious metal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nihad Salameh
- Laboratory of Green SOC, Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06124, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Federica Valentini
- Laboratory of Green SOC, Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06124, Perugia, Italy
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Vaccaro
- Laboratory of Green SOC, Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06124, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Murray JI, Zhang L, Simon A, Silva Elipe MV, Wei CS, Caille S, Parsons AT. Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigations to Enable a Key Suzuki Coupling for Sotorasib Manufacture─What a Difference a Base Makes. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James I. Murray
- Pivotal and Commercial Synthetics, Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Liang Zhang
- Pivotal and Commercial Synthetics, Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development,Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Adam Simon
- Center for Research Acceleration by Digitalization, Research & Development, Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Maria V. Silva Elipe
- Pivotal Attribute Sciences, Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Carolyn S. Wei
- Pivotal and Commercial Synthetics, Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Seb Caille
- Pivotal and Commercial Synthetics, Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Andrew T. Parsons
- Pivotal and Commercial Synthetics, Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development,Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kwon Y, Lee D, Kim JW, Choi YS, Kim S. Exploring Optimal Reaction Conditions Guided by Graph Neural Networks and Bayesian Optimization. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:44939-44950. [PMID: 36530311 PMCID: PMC9753507 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of organic reaction conditions to obtain the target product in high yield is crucial to avoid expensive and time-consuming chemical experiments. Advancements in artificial intelligence have enabled various data-driven approaches to predict suitable chemical reaction conditions. However, for many novel syntheses, the process to determine good reaction conditions is inevitable. Bayesian optimization (BO), an iterative optimization algorithm, demonstrates exceptional performance to identify reagents compared to synthesis experts. However, BO requires several initial randomly selected experimental results (yields) to train a surrogate model (approximately 10 experimental trials). Parts of this process, such as the cold-start problem in recommender systems, are inefficient. Here, we present an efficient optimization algorithm to determine suitable conditions based on BO that is guided by a graph neural network (GNN) trained on a million organic synthesis experiment data. The proposed method determined 8.0 and 8.7% faster high-yield reaction conditions than state-of-the-art algorithms and 50 human experts, respectively. In 22 additional optimization tests, the proposed method needed 4.7 trials on average to find conditions higher than the yield of the conditions recommended by five synthesis experts. The proposed method is considered in a situation of having a reaction dataset for training GNN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngchun Kwon
- Department
of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Autonomous
Materials Development LAB, Samsung Advanced
Institute of Technology, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16678, South Korea
| | - Dongseon Lee
- Autonomous
Materials Development LAB, Samsung Advanced
Institute of Technology, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16678, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Autonomous
Materials Development LAB, Samsung Advanced
Institute of Technology, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16678, South Korea
| | - Youn-Suk Choi
- Autonomous
Materials Development LAB, Samsung Advanced
Institute of Technology, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16678, South Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Department
of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Cadena M, Villatoro RS, Gupta JS, Phillips C, Allen JB, Arman HD, Wherritt DJ, Clanton NA, Ruchelman AL, Simmons EM, DelMonte AJ, Coombs JR, Frantz DE. Pd-Catalyzed Chemoselective O-Benzylation of Ambident 2-Quinolinone Nucleophiles. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Cadena
- The Max and Minnie Tomerlin Voelcker Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Roberto Silva Villatoro
- The Max and Minnie Tomerlin Voelcker Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Jyoti Shah Gupta
- The Max and Minnie Tomerlin Voelcker Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Cody Phillips
- The Max and Minnie Tomerlin Voelcker Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Jonathan B. Allen
- The Max and Minnie Tomerlin Voelcker Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hadi D. Arman
- The Max and Minnie Tomerlin Voelcker Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Daniel J. Wherritt
- The Max and Minnie Tomerlin Voelcker Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Clanton
- The Max and Minnie Tomerlin Voelcker Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Alexander L. Ruchelman
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Eric M. Simmons
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Albert J. DelMonte
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - John R. Coombs
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Doug E. Frantz
- The Max and Minnie Tomerlin Voelcker Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gorantla SMNVT, Mondal K. The Labile Nature of Air Stable Ni(II)/Ni(0)-phosphine/Olefin Catalysts/Intermediates: EDA-NOCV Analysis. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200572. [PMID: 35927965 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions-based inorganic-organic hybrid composites are often reported acting as good to excellent catalysts with various substrate scopes under milder reaction conditions. The active catalyst of a catalytic cycle is sometimes proposed to be a short-lived reactive intermediate species. A three coordinate (L-Me)Ni(II) intermediate species [L-Me = O 2 N donor dianionic ligand] can bind with short-lived carbene-ester ligands to produce four coordinate Ni(II) species which can act as carbene transfer intermediates under suitable reaction conditions for C-H functionalization or cyclopropanation reactions. The dissociation of phosphine (PPh 3 ) from the Ni(II) centre of (L-Me)Ni(II)(PPh 3 ) ( 1a ) and binding of short lived carbene esters (:CR 1 -CO 2 R 2 ; R 1 = H, Ph; R 2 = aliphatic group; 2-4 and other carbenes; 5-10 ) to Ni(II) rationalize the phenomenon in solution. Air stable Ni(0)-olefin complexes/intermediates ( 12-18 ) have recently been shown to mediate a variety of organic transformations. This analysis will further help organic/organometallic chemists to rationalize the design and synthesis of future catalysts for organic transformation. EDA-NOCV calculations have been performed to shed light on the stability and bonding of those species. Additionally, our analysis provides a proper reason why the analogous (L-Me)Pd-PPh 3 complex ( 1b ) does not dissociate in solution and hence, a similar catalytic product has not been isolated from identical reaction conditions. The stability and the labile nature of Ni(II/0) complexes has been investigated by state-of-the-art EDA-NOCV analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kartik Mondal
- Indiana Institute Of Technology Madras, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, IIT Madras, 600036, Chennai, INDIA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hoff LV, Chesnokov GA, Linden A, Gademann K. Mechanistic Studies and Data Science-Guided Exploration of Bromotetrazine Cross-Coupling. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas V. Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gleb A. Chesnokov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Linden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pipaón Fernández N, Gaube G, Woelk KJ, Burns M, Hruszkewycz DP, Leitch DC. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C–H Alkenylation with Enol Pivalates Proceeds via Reversible C–O Oxidative Addition to Pd(0). ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nahiane Pipaón Fernández
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Gregory Gaube
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Kyla J. Woelk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mathias Burns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Damian P. Hruszkewycz
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - David C. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ben-Tal Y, Boaler PJ, Dale HJA, Dooley RE, Fohn NA, Gao Y, García-Domínguez A, Grant KM, Hall AMR, Hayes HLD, Kucharski MM, Wei R, Lloyd-Jones GC. Mechanistic analysis by NMR spectroscopy: A users guide. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 129:28-106. [PMID: 35292133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A 'principles and practice' tutorial-style review of the application of solution-phase NMR in the analysis of the mechanisms of homogeneous organic and organometallic reactions and processes. This review of 345 references summarises why solution-phase NMR spectroscopy is uniquely effective in such studies, allowing non-destructive, quantitative analysis of a wide range of nuclei common to organic and organometallic reactions, providing exquisite structural detail, and using instrumentation that is routinely available in most chemistry research facilities. The review is in two parts. The first comprises an introduction to general techniques and equipment, and guidelines for their selection and application. Topics include practical aspects of the reaction itself, reaction monitoring techniques, NMR data acquisition and processing, analysis of temporal concentration data, NMR titrations, DOSY, and the use of isotopes. The second part comprises a series of 15 Case Studies, each selected to illustrate specific techniques and approaches discussed in the first part, including in situ NMR (1/2H, 10/11B, 13C, 15N, 19F, 29Si, 31P), kinetic and equilibrium isotope effects, isotope entrainment, isotope shifts, isotopes at natural abundance, scalar coupling, kinetic analysis (VTNA, RPKA, simulation, steady-state), stopped-flow NMR, flow NMR, rapid injection NMR, pure shift NMR, dynamic nuclear polarisation, 1H/19F DOSY NMR, and in situ illumination NMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Ben-Tal
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Boaler
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Harvey J A Dale
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth E Dooley
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom; Evotec (UK) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole A Fohn
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrés García-Domínguez
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Katie M Grant
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M R Hall
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah L D Hayes
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Maciej M Kucharski
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ran Wei
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Guy C Lloyd-Jones
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xianghui M, Liangru Y, Qilin L, Zhenhua D, Jinwei Y, Yongmei X, Pu M. Amide Functionalized Pyridine/Pyrimidine Chelating N-Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalysis for C-5 Arylation of Imidazoles. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202206005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
21
|
Ji Y, Bottecchia C, Lévesque F, Narsimhan K, Lehnherr D, McMullen JP, Dalby SM, Xiao KJ, Reibarkh M. Benzylic Photobromination for the Synthesis of Belzutifan: Elucidation of Reaction Mechanisms Using In Situ LED-NMR. J Org Chem 2021; 87:2055-2062. [PMID: 34590859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A detailed mechanistic understanding of a benzylic photobromination en route to belzutifan (MK-6482, a small molecule for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome) has been achieved using in situ LED-NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with kinetic analysis. Two distinct mechanisms of overbromination, namely, the ionic and radical pathways, have been revealed by this study. The behavior of the major reaction species, including reactants, intermediates, products, and side products, has been elucidated. Comprehensive understanding of both pathways informed and enabled mitigation of a major process risk: a sudden product decomposition. Detailed knowledge of the processes occurring during the reaction and their potential liabilities enabled the development of a robust photochemical continuous flow process implemented for commercial manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yining Ji
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Cecilia Bottecchia
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - François Lévesque
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Karthik Narsimhan
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jonathan P McMullen
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Stephen M Dalby
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kai-Jiong Xiao
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mikhail Reibarkh
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Regioselective C-H arylation of imidazoles employing macrocyclic palladium(II) complex of organoselenium ligand. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
23
|
Payard PA, Bohn A, Tocqueville D, Jaouadi K, Escoude E, Ajig S, Dethoor A, Gontard G, Perego LA, Vitale M, Ciofini I, Wagschal S, Grimaud L. Role of dppf Monoxide in the Transmetalation Step of the Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Adrien Payard
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Bohn
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Damien Tocqueville
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Khaoula Jaouadi
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emile Escoude
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sanaa Ajig
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Annie Dethoor
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey Gontard
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 8232, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Luca Alessandro Perego
- Discovery Product Development and Supply, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Hochstrasse 201, 8200 Schaffhausen, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Vitale
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- PSL University, Institute of Chemistry for Health and Life Sciences, I-CLeHS, CNRS-Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75005 Paris 05 (France)
| | - Simon Wagschal
- Discovery Product Development and Supply, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Hochstrasse 201, 8200 Schaffhausen, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Grimaud
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hager A, Guimond N, Grunenberg L, Hanisch C, Steiger S, Preuss A. Palladium-Catalyzed C–O Cross-Coupling as a Replacement for a Mitsunobu Reaction in the Development of an Androgen Receptor Antagonist. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Hager
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development Department, Bayer AG Pharmaceuticals, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 217-333, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nicolas Guimond
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development Department, Bayer AG Pharmaceuticals, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 217-333, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Lars Grunenberg
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development Department, Bayer AG Pharmaceuticals, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 217-333, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christine Hanisch
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development Department, Bayer AG Pharmaceuticals, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 217-333, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steiger
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development Department, Bayer AG Pharmaceuticals, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 217-333, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - André Preuss
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development Department, Bayer AG Pharmaceuticals, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 217-333, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shields BJ, Stevens J, Li J, Parasram M, Damani F, Alvarado JIM, Janey JM, Adams RP, Doyle AG. Bayesian reaction optimization as a tool for chemical synthesis. Nature 2021; 590:89-96. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
26
|
Vyhivskyi O, Kudashev A, Miyakoshi T, Baudoin O. Chiral Catalysts for Pd 0 -Catalyzed Enantioselective C-H Activation. Chemistry 2021; 27:1231-1257. [PMID: 32767709 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the past few decades, processes that involve transition-metal catalysis have represented a major part of the synthetic chemist's toolbox. Recently, the interest has shifted from the well-established cross-coupling reactions to C-H bond functionalization, thus making it a current frontier of transition-metal-catalyzed reactions. Constant progress in this field has led to the discovery of enantioselective methods to generate and control various types of stereogenic elements, thereby demonstrating its high value to generate scalemic chiral molecules. The present review is dedicated to enantioselective Pd0 -catalyzed C-H activation, which may be considered as an evolution of Pd0 -catalyzed cross-couplings, with a focus on the different chiral ligands and catalysts that enable these transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Vyhivskyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anton Kudashev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Takeru Miyakoshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Casey KC, Brown AM, Robinson JR. Yttrium and lanthanum bis(phosphine-oxide)methanides: structurally diverse, dynamic, and reactive. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01438a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Homoleptic yttrium and lanthanum complexes of bis(phosphineoxide) methanides, RE(HPhL)3 and RE2(HMeL)6, promote the first rare-earth mediated Horner-Wittig and acid-base chemistry consistent with multifunctional reactivity (Lewis-acid/Brønstedbase).
Collapse
|
28
|
Barroso S, Joksch M, Puylaert P, Tin S, Bell SJ, Donnellan L, Duguid S, Muir C, Zhao P, Farina V, Tran DN, de Vries JG. Improvement in the Palladium-Catalyzed Miyaura Borylation Reaction by Optimization of the Base: Scope and Mechanistic Study. J Org Chem 2021; 86:103-109. [PMID: 33245661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aryl boronic acids and esters are important building blocks in API synthesis. The palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura borylation is the most common method for their preparation. This paper describes an improvement of the current reaction conditions. By using lipophilic bases such as potassium 2-ethyl hexanoate, the borylation reaction could be achieved at 35 °C in less than 2 h with very low palladium loading (0.5 mol %). A preliminary mechanistic study shows a hitherto unrecognized inhibitory effect by the carboxylate anion on the catalytic cycle, whereas 2-ethyl hexanoate minimizes this inhibitory effect. This improved methodology enables borylation of a wide range of substrates under mild conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Barroso
- Department of API SM Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Markus Joksch
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Pim Puylaert
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sergey Tin
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephen J Bell
- Department of Process Development, Almac Sciences, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Donnellan
- Department of Process Development, Almac Sciences, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart Duguid
- Department of Process Development, Almac Sciences, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Muir
- Department of Process Development, Almac Sciences, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
| | - Peichao Zhao
- Department of Process Development, Almac Sciences, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
| | - Vittorio Farina
- Farinachem Consulting GmbH, Sandweg 12, 52072 Aachen, Germany
| | - Duc N Tran
- Department of API SM Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Johannes G de Vries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Moore MJ, Qu S, Tan C, Cai Y, Mogi Y, Jamin Keith D, Boger DL. Next-Generation Total Synthesis of Vancomycin. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16039-16050. [PMID: 32885969 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A next-generation total synthesis of vancomycin aglycon is detailed that was achieved in 17 steps (longest linear sequence, LLS) from the constituent amino acid subunits with kinetically controlled diastereoselective introduction of all three elements of atropisomerism. In addition to new syntheses of three of the seven amino acid subunits, highlights of the approach include a ligand-controlled atroposelective one-pot Miyaura borylation-Suzuki coupling sequence for introduction of the AB biaryl axis of chirality (>20:1 dr), an essentially instantaneous and scalable macrolactamization of the AB ring system nearly free of competitive epimerization (>30:1 dr), and two room-temperature atroposelective intramolecular SNAr cyclizations for sequential CD (8:1 dr) and DE ring closures (14:1 dr) that benefit from both preorganization by the preformed AB ring system and subtle substituent effects. Combined with a protecting group free two-step enzymatic glycosylation of vancomycin aglycon, this provides a 19-step total synthesis of vancomycin. The approach paves the way for large-scale synthetic preparation of pocket-modified vancomycin analogues that directly address the underlying mechanism of resistance to vancomycin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell J Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Shiwei Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ceheng Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yuzo Mogi
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - D Jamin Keith
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nag E, Gorantla SMNVT, Arumugam S, Kulkarni A, Mondal KC, Roy S. Tridentate Nickel(II)-Catalyzed Chemodivergent C-H Functionalization and Cyclopropanation: Regioselective and Diastereoselective Access to Substituted Aromatic Heterocycles. Org Lett 2020; 22:6313-6318. [PMID: 32806181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Schiff-base nickel(II)-phosphene-catalyzed chemodivergent C-H functionalization and cyclopropanation of aromatic heterocycles is reported in moderate to excellent yields and very good regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. The weak, noncovalent interaction between the phosphene ligand and Ni center facilitates the ligand dissociation, generating the electronically and coordinatively unsaturated active catalyst. The proposed mechanisms for the reported reactions are in good accord with the experimental results and theoretical calculations, providing a suitable model of stereocontrol for the cyclopropanation reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Nag
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517507, India
| | | | - Selvakumar Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Aditya Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Kartik Chandra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sudipta Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517507, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fehér PP, Stirling A. Theoretical Study on the Formation of Ni(PR 3)(Aryl)F Complexes Observed in Ni-Catalyzed Decarbonylative C–C Coupling of Acyl Fluorides. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Péter Pál Fehér
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Stirling
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Palladium complexes of chalcogenoethanamine (S/Se) bidentate ligands: Applications in catalytic arylation of C H and O H bonds. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
33
|
Tao M, Tu Y, Liu Y, Wu H, Liu L, Zhang J. Pd/Xiang-Phos-catalyzed enantioselective intermolecular carboheterofunctionalization under mild conditions. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6283-6288. [PMID: 32953024 PMCID: PMC7473404 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A mild and practical Pd/Xiang-Phos-catalyzed enantioselective intermolecular carboheterofunctionalization reaction of 2,3-dihydrofurans is developed, leading to various optically active fused furoindolines and tetrahydrofurobenzofurans. The key to this transformation is employing two newly modified N-Me-Xiang-Phos ligands ((S, R S)- N-Me-X4/X5) as chiral ligands under mild conditions. Moreover, this synthetic methodology can be efficiently applied to a variety of complex polysubstituted heterocycles with high chemo-, regio-, and enantio-selectivities via introducing diverse substituents on furan rings, which were hard to access by other routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , 3663 N. Zhongshan Road , Shanghai 200062 , P. R. China .
| | - Youshao Tu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science , Advanced Institute of Materials Science , Changchun University of Technology , 2055 Yanan Street , Changchun , 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science , Advanced Institute of Materials Science , Changchun University of Technology , 2055 Yanan Street , Changchun , 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Haihong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , 3663 N. Zhongshan Road , Shanghai 200062 , P. R. China .
| | - Lu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , 3663 N. Zhongshan Road , Shanghai 200062 , P. R. China .
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , 2005 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , P. R. China .
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , CAS , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Vasquez AM, Gurak JA, Joe CL, Cherney EC, Engle KM. Catalytic α-Hydroarylation of Acrylates and Acrylamides via an Interrupted Hydrodehalogenation Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10477-10484. [PMID: 32379433 PMCID: PMC7293711 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed, α-selective hydroarylation of acrylates and acrylamides is reported. Under optimized conditions, this method is highly tolerant of a wide range of substrates including those with base sensitive functional groups and/or multiple enolizable carbonyl groups. A detailed mechanistic study was undertaken, and the high selectivity of this transformation was shown to be enabled by the formation of a [PdII(Ar)(H)] intermediate, which performs selective hydride insertion into the β-position of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena M. Vasquez
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - John A. Gurak
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Candice L. Joe
- Chemistry Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Emily C. Cherney
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, US Rt. 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Keary M. Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xue M, Xiong CF, Mo XF, Li H, Yi XY. The synthesis and characterization of an ortho-metallated iridium(III) hydride based on a pyridylpyrrole ligand. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
36
|
Sirois LE, Lao D, Xu J, Angelaud R, Tso J, Scott B, Chakravarty P, Malhotra S, Gosselin F. Process Development Overcomes a Challenging Pd-Catalyzed C–N Coupling for the Synthesis of RORc Inhibitor GDC-0022. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
37
|
Ring OT, Campbell AD, Hayter BR, Powell L. Significant rate enhancement via potassium pivalate in a Miyaura borylation approach to verinurad. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
38
|
Xing J, Zhu W, Ye B, Lu T, Hayashi T, Dou X. Rhodium-Catalyzed Diverse Arylation of 2,5-Dihydrofuran: Controllable Divergent Synthesis via Four Pathways. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Xing
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wanjiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Bihai Ye
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tamio Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xiaowei Dou
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bhatt R, Bhuvanesh N, Sharma KN, Joshi H. Palladium Complexes of Thio/Seleno-Ether Containing N
-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Regioselective C-H Bond Arylation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramprasad Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry; Birla Institute of Technology and Science; Pilani Campus 333031 Pilani India
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; PO Box 30012 College Station 77842-3012 Texas USA
| | - Kamal Nayan Sharma
- Department of Chemistry; Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur; J.L.N. Marg 302017 Jaipur Rajasthan India
- Department of Chemistry; ASAS, Amity University Haryana (AUH); Manesar; 122413 Gurgaon India
| | - Hemant Joshi
- Department of Chemistry; School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy; Central University of Rajasthan; NH-8, Bandarsindri 305817 Ajmer Rajasthan India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Schäfer G, Fleischer T, Ahmetovic M, Abele S. Development of a Scalable Route for a Key Thiadiazole Building Block via Sequential Sandmeyer Bromination and Room-Temperature Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Schäfer
- Chemistry Process R&D, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Tony Fleischer
- Chemistry Process R&D, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Muhamed Ahmetovic
- Chemistry Process R&D, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Abele
- Chemistry Process R&D, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nguyen QH, Guo SM, Royal T, Baudoin O, Cramer N. Intermolecular Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Atropo-enantioselective C–H Arylation of Heteroarenes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2161-2167. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qui-Hien Nguyen
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shu-Min Guo
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Titouan Royal
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolai Cramer
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xue M, Zhuang DL, Li H, He P, Liu C, Zhu J, Yi XY. Formation of Iridium(III) Complexes via Selective Activation of the C-H and N-H Bonds of a Dipyridylpyrrole Ligand. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:960-963. [PMID: 31913025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of [Ir(PPh3)3Cl] with 2-[5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]pyridine (Hdpp) in refluxing toluene affords an unexpected pyrrole-metalated iridium(III) hydride complex, [Ir(K2C,N-dpp)(H)(Cl)(PPh3)2] (1), via Cpyrrole-H activation, while the presence of the base KOtBu as the deprotonation reagent produces a pyridine-metalated iridium(III) hydride complex, [Ir(K3C,N,N-dpp)(H)(PPh3)2] (2), via Cpyridine-H activation. Treatment of [Ir(PPh3)3Cl] prepared by a convenient method with Hdpp in the presence of KOtBu under the refluxing mixture solvent toluene/methanol (2:1, v/v) generates the N,N-chelating complex [Ir(K2N,N-dpp)(H)(Cl)(PPh3)2] (3) together with 1 and the N,N-chelating dihydride complex [Ir(K2N,N-dpp)(H)2(PPh3)2] (4). Complex 4 is also readily produced by the reaction of [Ir(PPh3)3Cl] and Hdpp in the presence of KOtBu under refluxing methanol or by the reaction of IrCl3 and PPh3 in refluxing 2-ethoxyethanol. Complexes 1-4 are fully characterized by NMR, IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The dpp-/dpp2- ligand shows rich coordination capability, of which pyridine- and pyrrole-cyclometalated coordination modes are first reported. The formation of structural isomers 1 and 3 involved the selective activation of the C-H and N-H bonds of Hdpp is rationalized by theoretical calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410083 , P. R. China
| | - Dan-Ling Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian 361005 , P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410083 , P. R. China
| | - Piao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410083 , P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410083 , P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian 361005 , P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yi Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410083 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li N, Sun B, Liu S, Zhao J, Zhang Q. Highly Enantioselective Construction of Dihydrooxazines via Pd-Catalyzed Asymmetric Carboetherification. Org Lett 2020; 22:190-193. [PMID: 31850762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward synthesis of highly enantioenriched 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2-oxazines is realized by Pd-catalyzed asymmetric carboetherification of γ,δ-alkenyl oximes with (hetero)aryl and alkenyl halides in the presence of a commercially available bisphosphine ligand. The enantioenriched products can be facilely converted to functionalized alcohols with high fidelity of chiral transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Design and Synthesis of Jilin Province , Northeast Normal University , Changchun , 130024 , P. R. China
| | - Baozhen Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Design and Synthesis of Jilin Province , Northeast Normal University , Changchun , 130024 , P. R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Design and Synthesis of Jilin Province , Northeast Normal University , Changchun , 130024 , P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Design and Synthesis of Jilin Province , Northeast Normal University , Changchun , 130024 , P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Biology , Changchun University of Technology , 2055 Yan'an Street , Changchun , 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Design and Synthesis of Jilin Province , Northeast Normal University , Changchun , 130024 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lee J, Ghosh D, Kuo Y, Lee HM. Dimetallic Palladium‐NHC Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Application for Direct C−H Arylation Reaction of Heteroaromatics with Aryl Chlorides. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jhen‐Yi Lee
- Department of Chemistry National Changhua University of Education Changhua 50058 Taiwan
| | - Debalina Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry National Changhua University of Education Changhua 50058 Taiwan
| | - Ya‐Ting Kuo
- Department of Chemistry National Changhua University of Education Changhua 50058 Taiwan
| | - Hon Man Lee
- Department of Chemistry National Changhua University of Education Changhua 50058 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Caspi DD, Diwan M, Califano JCC, Mack DJ, Shekhar S. Development of an Operational Space Using Mechanistic Models for a Pd-Catalyzed Amidation Reaction Used in the Synthesis of ABT-530. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Caspi
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Moiz Diwan
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jean-Christophe C. Califano
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Daniel J. Mack
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sasano Y, Haketa Y, Tanaka H, Yasuda N, Hisaki I, Maeda H. Peripheral Modifications of meso-Hydroxyporphyrins: Formation of π-Electronic Anions and Ion-Pairing Assemblies. Chemistry 2019; 25:6712-6717. [PMID: 30913316 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Phenyl groups were introduced at the β-positions proximal to the meso-hydroxy moiety in hydroxyporphyrin NiII complexes by oxidized BINAP PdII complexes. Ion-pairing assemblies of deprotonated π-electronic anions, anionic site of which was stabilized by the introduced phenyl moieties with a bulky cation, were formed. They showed charge-by-charge assemblies, assembly modes of which were modulated by the anionic building units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Sasano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yohei Haketa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisaki
- Green Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mayer C, Ladd CL, Charette AB. Utilization of BozPhos as an Effective Ligand in Enantioselective C-H Functionalization of Cyclopropanes: Synthesis of Dihydroisoquinolones and Dihydroquinolones. Org Lett 2019; 21:2639-2644. [PMID: 30924670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The bisphosphine monoxide ( R, R)-BozPhos enables enantioselective C-H functionalization of cyclopropanes in a palladium-catalyzed cyclization. The synthesis of a broad spectrum of dihydroisoquinolones and dihydroquinolones in good yields and high enantiomeric excess was achieved through the use of this hemilabile ligand. Furthermore, the isolation of an intermediary palladium(II)-BozPhos complex after oxidative addition was successful and a second complex provided further insight into bond length and angles through a crystal structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Mayer
- FRQNT Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal , P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown , Montréal , Quebec , Canada , H3C 3J7
| | - Carolyn L Ladd
- FRQNT Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal , P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown , Montréal , Quebec , Canada , H3C 3J7
| | - André B Charette
- FRQNT Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal , P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown , Montréal , Quebec , Canada , H3C 3J7
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Peng JB, Wu FP, Li D, Geng HQ, Qi X, Ying J, Wu XF. Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Carbonylative Coupling/Amination of Aryl Iodides with Unactivated Alkenes: Efficient Synthesis of β-Aminoketones. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Bao Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Peng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Qing Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Qi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People’s Republic of China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mane PA, Dey S, Pathak AK, Kumar M, Bhuvanesh N. Xantphos-Capped Pd(II) and Pt(II) Macrocycles of Aryldithiolates: Structural Variation and Catalysis in C-C Coupling Reaction. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:2965-2978. [PMID: 30742425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of Xantphos-capped M(OTf)2 (M = cis-[M'(Xantphos)]2+; M' = Pd, Pt) with bridging ligands 1,4-benezenedithiol or 4,4'-biphenyldithiol has been investigated. The reactions have yielded complexes [M{S(C6H4) nSH}]2(OTf)2 (I) and [M2{S(C6H4) nS}]2(OTf)4 (II) ( n = 1 or 2). The equilibrium between I and II has been established in platinum complexes for n = 2, whereas the analogous Pd complex exclusively exist as II. These results are different from our previously reported dppe or triethyl phosphine-capped complexes which showed only type II. The same reaction with 1,3-benezenedithiol lead to the complex [M2(SC6H4SSC6H4S)](OTf)2 (III), containing a S-S bond between two thiolate ligands, formed via a complex of type I in solution. Characterization of the complexes was accomplished by NMR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. Density functional calculations were performed to estimate the relative stability of three types of complexes. The palladium complexes are excellent catalysts in Suzuki C-C cross coupling reactions under mild conditions, and can be reused eight times without losing significant yield. The activity of the Pd catalysts derived from three dithiol ligand follows opposite trend of the stability as III > II > I. The comparative catalytic activity of the tetranuclear Pd complexes (II) of bis-phosphines of varied bite angles, including the structurally characterized [Pd2(dppf)2(SC12H8S)]2(OTf)4 has also been demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandip Dey
- Homi Bhabha National Institute , Training School Complex , Mumbai - 400094 , India
| | - Arup Kumar Pathak
- Homi Bhabha National Institute , Training School Complex , Mumbai - 400094 , India
| | | | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , P.O. Box 30012, College Station , Texas 77842-3012 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Schwartz LA, Holmes M, Brito GA, Gonçalves TP, Richardson J, Ruble JC, Huang KW, Krische MJ. Cyclometalated Iridium-PhanePhos Complexes Are Active Catalysts in Enantioselective Allene-Fluoral Reductive Coupling and Related Alcohol-Mediated Carbonyl Additions That Form Acyclic Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2087-2096. [PMID: 30681850 PMCID: PMC6423978 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iridium complexes modified by the chiral phosphine ligand PhanePhos catalyze the 2-propanol-mediated reductive coupling of diverse 1,1-disubstituted allenes 1a-1u with fluoral hydrate 2a to form CF3-substituted secondary alcohols 3a-3u that incorporate acyclic quaternary carbon-containing stereodiads. By exploiting concentration-dependent stereoselectivity effects related to the interconversion of kinetic ( Z)- and thermodynamic ( E)-σ-allyliridium isomers, adducts 3a-3u are formed with complete levels of branched regioselectivity and high levels of anti-diastereo- and enantioselectivity. The utility of this method for construction of CF3-oxetanes and CF3-azetidines is illustrated by the formation of 4a and 6a, respectively. Studies of the reaction mechanism aimed at illuminating the singular effectiveness of PhanePhos as a supporting ligand in this and related transformations have led to the identification of a chromatographically stable cyclometalated iridium-( R)-PhanePhos complex, Ir-PP-I, that is catalytically competent for allene-fluoral reductive coupling and previously reported transfer hydrogenative C-C couplings of dienes or CF3-allenes with methanol. Deuterium labeling studies, reaction progress kinetic analysis (RPKA) and computational studies corroborate a catalytic mechanism involving rapid allene hydrometalation followed by turnover-limiting carbonyl addition. A computationally determined stereochemical model shows that the ortho-CH2 group of the cyclometalated iridium-PhanePhos complex plays a key role in directing diastereo- and enantioselectivity. The collective data provide key insights into the structural-interactional features of allyliridium complexes required to enforce nucleophilic character, which should inform the design of related cyclometalated catalysts for umpoled allylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leyah A Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Michael Holmes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Gilmar A Brito
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Théo P Gonçalves
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeffery Richardson
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies , Eli Lilly and Company Limited , Erl Wood Manor , Windlesham , Surrey GU20 6PH , United Kingdom
| | - J Craig Ruble
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies , Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis , Indiana 46285 , United States
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| |
Collapse
|