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Zhao L, Wu Z, Qin H, Bin G, Gao J, Zeng W, Zhao Y, Chen H. Ambipolar conjugated ladder polymers by room-temperature Knoevenagel polymerization. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11594-11603. [PMID: 39055013 PMCID: PMC11268504 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03222e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Two soluble conjugated ladder polymers (cLPs), decorated with multiple electron-poor species (i.e., cyano groups, fused pentagons, and N-heterocyclic rings), have been synthesized from the newly developed tetraketo-functionalized double aza[5]helicene building blocks using a single-step Knoevenagel polycondensation strategy. This facile approach features mild conditions (e.g., room temperature) and high efficiency, allowing us to quickly access a nonalternant ladder-like conjugated system with the in situ formation of multicyano substituents in the backbone. Analysis by 1H NMR, FT-Raman, and FT-IR spectra confirms the successful synthesis of the resulting cLPs. The combination of theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations reveals that the slightly contorted geometry coupled with a random assignment of trans- and cis-isomeric repeating units in each main chain contributes to improving the solubility of such rigid, multicyano nanoribbon systems. Apart from outstanding thermal stability, the resulting cLPs exhibit attractive red fluorescence, excellent redox properties, and strong π-π interactions coupled with orderly face-on packing in their thin-film states. They are proven to be the first example of ambipolar cLPs that show satisfactory hole and electron mobilities of up to 0.01 and 0.01 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. As we demonstrate, the Knoevenagel polycondensation chemistries open a new window to create complex and unique ladder-like nanoribbon systems under mild reaction conditions that are otherwise challenging to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Zeng Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Hanwen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Guangxiong Bin
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Junxiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Weixuan Zeng
- Zhangjiang Laboratory Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Huajie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
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2
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Xie H, Xiao Z, Song Y, Jin K, Liu H, Zhou E, Cao J, Chen J, Ding J, Yi C, Shen X, Zuo C, Ding L. Tethered Helical Ladder-Type Aromatic Lactams. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:11978-11990. [PMID: 38626322 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Tethered nonplanar aromatics (TNAs) make up an important class of nonplanar aromatic compounds showing unique features. However, the knowledge on the synthesis, structures, and properties of TNAs remains insufficient. In this work, a new type of TNAs, the tethered aromatic lactams, is synthesized via Pd-catalyzed consecutive intramolecular direct arylations. These molecules possess a helical ladder-type conjugated system of up to 13 fused rings. The overall yields ranged from 3.4 to 4.3%. The largest of the tethered aromatic lactams, 6L-Bu-C14, demonstrates a guest-adaptive hosting capability of TNAs for the first time. When binding fullerene guests, the cavity of 6L-Bu-C14 became more circular to better accommodate spherical fullerene molecules. The host-guest interaction is thoroughly studied by X-ray crystallography, theoretical calculations, fluorescence titration, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titration experiments. 6L-Bu-C14 shows stronger binding with C70 than with C60 due to the better convex-concave π-π interaction. P and M enantiomers of all tethered aromatic lactams show distinct and persistent chiroptical properties and demonstrate the potential of chiral TNAs as circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Xie
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zuo Xiao
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yixiao Song
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Jin
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongxing Liu
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiangzhao Chen
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Junqiao Ding
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chenyi Yi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xingxing Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Chuantian Zuo
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liming Ding
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Zhang Y, Yu Y, Liu X, Miao J, Han Y, Liu J, Wang L. An n-Type All-Fused-Ring Molecule with Photoresponse to 1000 nm for Highly Sensitive Near-Infrared Photodetector. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211714. [PMID: 36842062 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Most of all-fused-ring π-conjugated molecules have wide or medium bandgap and show photo response in the visible range. In this work, an all-fused-ring n-type molecule, which exhibits an ultrasmall optical bandgap of 1.22 eV and strong near-infrared (NIR) absorption with an onset absorption wavelength of 1013 nm is reported. The molecule consists of 14 aromatic rings and has electron donor-acceptor characteristics. It exhibits excellent n-type properties with low-lying HOMO/LUMO energy levels of -5.48 eV/-3.95 eV and high electron mobility of 7.0 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 . Most importantly, its thin film exhibits a low trap density of 5.55 × 1016 cm-3 because of the fixed molecular conformation and consequently low conformation disorder. As a result, organic photodetector (OPD) based on the compound exhibits a remarkably low dark current density (Jd ) of 2.01 × 10-10 A cm-2 at 0 V. The device shows a shot-noise-limited specific detectivity (Dsh *) of exceeding 1013 Jones at 400-1000 nm wavelength region with a peak specific detectivity of 4.65 × 1013 Jones at 880 nm. This performance is among the best reported for self-powered NIR OPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yingjian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Junhui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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Zhang N, Li W, Zhu J, Wang T, Zhang R, Chi K, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Lu X. Periphery Fusion Strategy of a Carbazole-Based Macrocycle toward Coplanar N-Heterocycloarene for High-Mobility Single-Crystal Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300094. [PMID: 36807375 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Designing (hetero)cycloarenes through the modifications of the π-topology and molecular packing of organic semiconductors has recently garnered considerable attention. However, their applications as an organic active layer in field-effect transistors are very limited, and the obtained hole carrier mobilities are less than 1 cm2 V-1 s-1 . In this work, a novel alkyl-substituted coplanar N-heterocycloarene (FM-C4) containing four carbazole units is successfully synthesized in crystalline form. As compared to the corresponding single-bond-linked carbazole-based macrocycle M-C4, it is found that the periphery fusion strategy greatly changes the electronic structures, energy levels, photophysical properties, host-guest interactions with fullerenes, and molecular crystal stacking motifs. In particular, the fully fused N-heterocycloarene FM-C4 exhibits a herringbone packing structure with an unusual long-range π-π overlap distance as low as 3.19 Å, whereas the single crystal of M-C4 demonstrates no π-π interactions. As a consequence, FM-C4 in single-crystal transistors displays the highest hole mobility of 2.06 cm2 V-1 s-1 , significantly outperforming M-C4 and all the reported (hetero)cycloarenes and suggesting the high potential of (hetero)cycloarenes for organic electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jiangyu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Teng Wang
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chi
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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5
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Li C, Jiang G, Yu J, Ji W, Liu L, Zhang P, Du J, Zhan C, Wang J, Tang BZ. Fluorination Enhances NIR-II Emission and Photothermal Conversion Efficiency of Phototheranostic Agents for Imaging-Guided Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208229. [PMID: 36300808 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phototheranostics with second near-infrared (NIR-II) imaging and photothermal effect have become a burgeoning biotechnology for tumor diagnosis and precise treatment. As important parameters of phototheranostic agents (PTAs), fluorescence quantum yield (QY) and photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) are usually considered as a pair of contradictions that is difficult to be simultaneously enhanced. Herein, a fluorination strategy for designing A-D-A type PTAs with synchronously improved QY and PCE is proposed. Experimental results show that the molar extinction coefficient (ε), NIR-II QY, and PCE of all fluorinated PTAs nanoparticles (NPs) are definitely improved compared with the chlorinated counterparts. Theoretical calculation results demonstrate that fluorination can maximize the electrostatic potential difference by virtue of the high electronegativity of fluorine, which may increase intra/intermolecular D-A interactions, tighten molecule packing, and further promote the increase of ε, ultimately leading to simultaneously enhanced QY and PCE. In these PTA NPs, FY6-NPs display NIR-II emission extended to 1400 nm with the highest NIR-II QY (4.2%) and PCE (80%). These features make FY6-NPs perform well in high-resolution imaging of vasculature and NIR-II imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors. This study develops a valuable guideline for constructing NIR-II organic PTAs with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Guoyu Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Lingxiu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, P. R. China
| | - Chuanlang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Chemistry and Devices (AMC&DLab) of the Department of Education of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
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6
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Attar S, Yang R, Chen Z, Ji X, Comí M, Banerjee S, Fang L, Liu Y, Al-Hashimi M. Thiazole fused S, N-heteroacene step-ladder polymeric semiconductors for organic transistors. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12034-12044. [PMID: 36349116 PMCID: PMC9600222 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04661j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ladder-type thiazole-fused S,N-heteroacenes with an extended π-conjugation consisting of six (SN6-Tz) and nine (SN9-Tz) fused aromatic rings have been synthesized and fully characterized. To date, the synthesis of well-defined fused building blocks and polymers of π-conjugated organic compounds based on the thiazole moiety is a considerable synthetic challenge, due to the difficulty in their synthesis. Acceptor-donor building blocks M1 and M2 were successfully polymerized into ladder homopolymers P1-P2 and further copolymerized with a diketopyrrolopyrrole unit to afford step-ladder copolymer P3. The optical, electronic, and thermal properties, in addition to their charge transport behavior in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), were investigated. The results showed an interesting effect on the molecular arrangement of the thiazole-based ladder-type heteroacene in the crystal structure revealing skewed π-π-stacking, and expected to possess better p-type semiconducting performance. The polymers all possess good molecular weights and excellent thermal properties. All the polymer-based OTFT devices exhibit annealing temperature dependent performance, and among the polymers P3 exhibits the highest mobility of 0.05 cm2 V-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salahuddin Attar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar P.O. Box 23874 Doha Qatar
| | - Rui Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiaozhou Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station 77843-3255 Texas USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University Stanford 94305 California USA
| | - Marc Comí
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar P.O. Box 23874 Doha Qatar
| | - Sarbajit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station 77843-3255 Texas USA
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station 77843-3255 Texas USA
| | - Yao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Mohammed Al-Hashimi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar P.O. Box 23874 Doha Qatar
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7
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Sartucci JL, Maity A, Mohanan M, Bertke J, Kertesz M, Gavvalapalli N. Molecular tetrominoes: selective masking of the donor π-face to control the configuration of donor-acceptor complexes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:375-386. [PMID: 34904145 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02293h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the doping mechanism in organic semiconductors and generating molecular design rules to control the doping process are crucial for improving the performance of organic electronics. Even though controlling the location and orientation of the dopant along the semiconductor backbone is an important step in the doping mechanism, studies in this direction are scarce as it is a challenging task. To address this, herein, we incorporated π-face masked (strapped) units in 1,4-bis(phenylethynylene)benzene (donor) to control the acceptor (dopant) location along the trimer, donor-acceptor binding strength, and acceptor ionization. Two strapped trimers, PCP and CPC, are synthesized with control over the location of the strapped repeat unit in the trimer. The trimers are complexed with the 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) acceptor in solution. DFT calculations show that DDQ residing on the non-strapped repeat unit (the percentage of this configuration is at least ca. 73%) has the highest binding energy for both PCP and CPC. The percentage of dopant ionization is higher in the case of strapped trimers (PCP and CPC) compared to that of linear control trimers (PLP and LPL) and the completely non-strapped (PPP) trimer. The percentage of dopant ionization increased by 15 and 59% in the case of PCP and CPC respectively compared to that of PPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Sartucci
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA. .,Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Arindam Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA. .,Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Manikandan Mohanan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA. .,Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Jeffery Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA.
| | - Miklos Kertesz
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA. .,Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Nagarjuna Gavvalapalli
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA. .,Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
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8
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Ghosh A, Li T, Ni W, Wu T, Liang C, Budanovic M, Morris SA, Klein M, Webster RD, Gurzadyan GG, Grimsdale AC. Synthesis, Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Isomeric Dibenzophenanthroline Derivatives. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Ghosh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Tianjiao Li
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Ni
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Tong Wu
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Caihong Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Maja Budanovic
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Samuel A. Morris
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Maciej Klein
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Richard D. Webster
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Gagik G. Gurzadyan
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Andrew C. Grimsdale
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
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9
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Ghosh A, Budanovic M, Li T, Liang C, Klein M, Soci C, Webster RD, Gurzadyan GG, Grimsdale AC. Synthesis of 5‐Azatetracene and Comparison of Its Optical and Electrochemical Properties with Tetracene. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Ghosh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
| | - Maja Budanovic
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore
| | - Tianjiao Li
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Caihong Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
| | - Maciej Klein
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N) Research Techno Plaza Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore
| | - Cesare Soci
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore
| | - Richard D. Webster
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore
| | - Gagik G. Gurzadyan
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Andrew C. Grimsdale
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
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10
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Agrawal AR, Kumar NR, Choudhury A, Zade SS. Synthesis of bent-shaped π-extended thienoacenes from 2,5-distannylated 3,4-dialkynethiophene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9538-9541. [PMID: 34546251 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bent-shaped thienoacenes show promise as next-generation organic semiconductors. Here we present the synthesis of an air-stable, pure and easily scalable thiophene precursor, 2,5-distannylated-3,4-dialkyne thiophene, starting from 3,4-dialkyne thiophene in quantitative yields. This precursor has been used for the synthesis of a versatile class of syn-thienoacenes comprising up to 13 fused rings, helical acenes and donor-acceptor acenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet R Agrawal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
| | - Neha Rani Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
| | - Aditya Choudhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sanjio S Zade
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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11
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Facile and Convergent Synthesis of Highly Fused Oligosiloles by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Stitching Reaction. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Cao Y, Zhu C, Barłóg M, Barker KP, Ji X, Kalin AJ, Al-Hashimi M, Fang L. Electron-Deficient Polycyclic π-System Fused with Multiple B←N Coordinate Bonds. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2100-2106. [PMID: 33412007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An extensive polycyclic π-system with 23 fused rings is synthesized via a highly efficient borylation reaction, in which four B-N covalent bonds and four B←N coordinate bonds are formed in one pot. B←N coordinate bonds not only lock the backbone into a near-coplanar conformation but also decrease the LUMO energy level to around -3.82 eV, demonstrating the dual utility of this strategy for the synthesis of extensive rigid polycyclic molecules and the development of n-type conjugated materials for organic electronics and organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maciej Barłóg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | - Mohammed Al-Hashimi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
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13
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Tripp MW, Bischof D, Dreher M, Witte G, Koert U. Synthesis and Molecular Properties of Partially Fluorinated DNTTs**. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W. Tripp
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Daniel Bischof
- Department of Physics Philipps-Universität Marburg Renthof 7 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Maximilian Dreher
- Department of Physics Philipps-Universität Marburg Renthof 7 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Department of Physics Philipps-Universität Marburg Renthof 7 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Ulrich Koert
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
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14
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Tasior M, Vakuliuk O, Koga D, Koszarna B, Górski K, Grzybowski M, Kielesiński Ł, Krzeszewski M, Gryko DT. Method for the Large-Scale Synthesis of Multifunctional 1,4-Dihydro-pyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrroles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13529-13543. [PMID: 32907329 PMCID: PMC7656515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A thorough investigation has enabled
the optimization of the synthesis
of 1,4-dihydro-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles. Although salts
of such metals as vanadium, niobium, cerium, and manganese were found
to facilitate the formation of 1,4-dihydro-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles from amines, aldehydes, and diacetyl, we confirmed that
iron salts are the most efficient catalysts. The conditions identified
(first step: toluene/AcOH = 1:1, 1 h, 50 °C; second step: toluene/AcOH
= 1:1, Fe(ClO4)3·H2O, 16 h,
50 °C) resulted in the formation of tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles in a 6–69% yield. For the first time,
very electron-rich substituents (4-Me2NC6H4, 3-(OH)C6H4, pyrrol-2-yl) originating
from aldehydes and sterically hindered substituents (2-ClC6H4, 2-BrC6H4, 2-CNC6H4, 2-(CO2Me)C6H4, 2-(TMS-C≡C)C6H4) present on anilines can be appended to the
pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core. It is now also possible
to prepare 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles bearing
an ordered arrangement of N-substituents and C-substituents ranging from coumarin, quinoline, phthalimide
to truxene. These advances in scope enable independent regulations
of many desired photophysical properties, including the Stokes shift
value and emission color ranging from violet-blue through deep blue,
green, yellow to red. Simultaneously, the optimized conditions have
finally allowed the synthesis of these extremely promising heterocycles
in amounts of more than 10 g per run without a concomitant decrease
in yield or product contamination. Empowered with better functional
group compatibility, novel derivatization strategies were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daiki Koga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Górski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kielesiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Skalik J, Koprowski M, Różycka-Sokołowska E, Bałczewski P. The hetero-Friedel-Crafts-Bradsher Cyclizations with Formation of Ring Carbon-Heteroatom (P, S) Bonds, Leading to Organic Functional Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:ma13214751. [PMID: 33114241 PMCID: PMC7660621 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The interest in functional materials possessing improved properties led to development of new methods of their synthesis, which allowed to obtain new molecular arrangements with carbon and heteroatom motifs. Two of the classical reactions of versatile use are the Friedel-Crafts and the Bradsher reactions, which in the new heteroatomic versions allow to replace ring carbon atoms by heteroatoms. In the present work, we review methods of synthesis of C-S and C-P bonds utilizing thia- and phospha-Friedel-Crafts-Bradsher cyclizations. Single examples of C-As and lack of C-Se bond formation, involving two of the closest neighbors of P and S in the periodic table, have also been noted. Applications of the obtained π-conjugated molecules, mainly as semiconducting materials, flame retardants, and resins hardeners, designed on the basis of five- and six-membered cyclic molecules containing ring phosphorus and sulfur atoms, are also included. This comprehensive review covers literature up to August 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Skalik
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Marek Koprowski
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Ewa Różycka-Sokołowska
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland;
| | - Piotr Bałczewski
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland;
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland;
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16
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Hanamura H, Watanabe M, Tanabiki M, Saito H, Sugita H, Mikami K. Synthesis of dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d']anthra[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (DTADT) units: Structure, polymerization, DFT study, and OFET application. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Carlotti B, Madu IK, Kim H, Cai Z, Jiang H, Muthike AK, Yu L, Zimmerman PM, Goodson T. Activating intramolecular singlet exciton fission by altering π-bridge flexibility in perylene diimide trimers for organic solar cells. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8757-8770. [PMID: 34123128 PMCID: PMC8163386 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03271a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, two analogous perylene diimide (PDI) trimers, whose structures show rotatable single bond π-bridge connection (twisted) vs. rigid/fused π-bridge connection (planar), were synthesized and investigated. We show via time resolved spectroscopic measurements how the π-bridge connections in A-π-D-π-A-π-D-π-A multichromophoric PDI systems strongly affect the triplet yield and triplet formation rate. In the planar compound, with stronger intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character, triplet formation occurs via conventional intersystem crossing. However, clear evidence of efficient and fast intramolecular singlet exciton fission (iSEF) is observed in the twisted trimer compound with weaker ICT character. Multiexciton triplet generation and separation occur in the twisted (flexible-bridged) PDI trimer, where weak coupling among the units is observed as a result of the degenerate double triplet and quintet states, obtained by quantum chemical calculations. The high triplet yield and fast iSEF observed in the twisted compound are due not only to enthalpic viability but also to the significant entropic gain allowed by its trimeric structure. Our results represent a significant step forward in structure-property understanding, and may direct the design of new efficient iSEF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Carlotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia via Elce di Sotto n.8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Ifeanyi K Madu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University Incheon 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago 929 East 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Hanjie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Angelar K Muthike
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Luping Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago 929 East 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Theodore Goodson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
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18
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Meng L, Xia D, Liu S, Yi X, Ding F, Fan R, Yang Y. Dimesitylboron Endcapped S,N-Heteroacenes: Syntheses, Photophysical and Fluoride-binding Properties. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Meng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Debin Xia
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shihui Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Yi
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Fangwei Ding
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqing Fan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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19
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Leonard AA, Mosquera MA, Jones LO, Cai Z, Fauvell TJ, Kirschner MS, Gosztola DJ, Schatz GC, Schaller RD, Yu L, Chen LX. Photophysical implications of ring fusion, linker length, and twisting angle in a series of perylenediimide-thienoacene dimers. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7133-7143. [PMID: 33209244 PMCID: PMC7654190 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Perylenediimide (PDI) derivatives have been widely studied as electron acceptor alternatives to fullerenes in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) because of their tunable absorption in the visible range, inexpensive synthesis, and photochemical stability. A common motif for improving device efficiency involves joining multiple PDIs together through electron-rich linkers to form a twisted acceptor-donor-acceptor molecule. Molecular features such as ring fusion are further employed to modify the structure locally and in films. These synthetic efforts have greatly enhanced OPV device efficiencies, however it remains unclear how the increasingly elaborate structural modifications affect the photophysical processes integral to efficient photon-to-charge conversion. Here we carry out a systematic study of a series of PDI dimers with thienoacene linkers in which the twist angle, linker length, and degree of ring fusion are varied to investigate the effects of these structural features on the molecular excited states and exciton recombination dynamics. Spectroscopic characterization of the dimers suggest that ring fusion causes greater coupling between the donor and acceptor components and greatly enhances the lifetime of a thienoacene to PDI charge transfer state. The lifetime of this CT state also correlates well with the linker-PDI dihedral angle, with smaller dihedral angle resulting in longer lifetime. DFT and two-photon absorption TDDFT calculations were developed in-house to model the ground state and excited transitions, providing theoretical insight into the reasons for the observed photophysical properties and identifying the charge transfer state in the excited state absorption spectra. These results highlight how the longevity of the excited state species, important for the efficient conversion of excitons to free carriers in OPV devices, can be chemically tuned by controlling ring fusion and by using steric effects to control the relative orientations of the molecular fragments. The results provide a successful rationalization of the behavior of solar cells involving these acceptor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Leonard
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - Martín A Mosquera
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - Leighton O Jones
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications , School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Thomas J Fauvell
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - Matthew S Kirschner
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - David J Gosztola
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue Lemont , Illinois 60439 , USA
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue Lemont , Illinois 60439 , USA
| | - Luping Yu
- Department of Chemistry and James Frank Institute , The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , USA
| | - Lin X Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , USA .
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont , Illinois 60439 , USA .
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20
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Yao L, Liao H, Ravva MK, Guo Y, Duan J, Wang Y, Yu Y, Li Z, McCulloch I, Yue W. Metal-free polymerization: synthesis and properties of fused benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]bis[b]benzothiophene (BBBT) polymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00623h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A family of fused semiconducting polymers containing the thienoacenes BBBT has been synthesized efficiently by non-metal and environmentally benign polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products
- Guangxi University for Nationalities
- Nanning 530006
| | - Hailiang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Engineering
- Sun Yet-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | | | - Yanjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Engineering
- Sun Yet-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Jiayao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Engineering
- Sun Yet-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Yazhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Engineering
- Sun Yet-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Yaping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Engineering
- Sun Yet-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Zhengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Engineering
- Sun Yet-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Iain McCulloch
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) KAUST Solar Centre
- Thuwal
- Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics
- Imperial College London
| | - Wan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Engineering
- Sun Yet-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
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21
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Chen D, Zhu D, Lin G, Du M, Shi D, Peng Q, Jiang L, Liu Z, Zhang G, Zhang D. New fused conjugated molecules with fused thiophene and pyran units for organic electronic materials. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12378-12383. [PMID: 35497610 PMCID: PMC9050829 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01984d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rigid and planar conjugated molecules have substantial significance due to their potential applications in organic electronics. Herein we report two highly fused ladder type conjugated molecules, TTCTTC and TTTCTTTC, with up to 10 fused rings in which the fused-thiophene rings are fused to the chromeno[6,5,4-def]chromene unit. Both molecules show high HOMO levels and accordingly they can be oxidized into their radical cations with absorptions extending to 1300 nm in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. Thin films of TTCTTC and TTTCTTTC exhibit p-type semiconductor properties with hole mobilities up to 0.39 cm2 V−1 s−1. Moreover, TTCTTC shows a high fluorescence quantum yield of up to 16.5% in the solid state. Fused conjugated molecules TTCTTC and TTTCTTTC with up to ten heterocycles were constructed by fusing fused-thiophene to the chromeno[6,5,4-def]chromene unit.![]()
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22
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Su F, Chen S, Mo X, Wu K, Wu J, Lin W, Lin Z, Lin J, Zhang HJ, Wen TB. Trisulfur radical anion-triggered stitching thienannulation: rapid access to largely π-extended thienoacenes. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1503-1509. [PMID: 34084379 PMCID: PMC8148024 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05332h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Largely π-extended rylene diimide-fused thienoacenes, a new family of fully fused electron donor-acceptor (D-A) molecules, have been readily synthesized by a novel trisulfur radical anion (S3˙-)-triggered stitching thienannulation strategy. The ladder-type fused thiophene cores are constructed in a stitching manner through multiple carbon-sulfur bond formation between acetylenic rylene dyes and S3˙-. A detailed mechanistic study of these stitching thienannulations unveiled the multiple reactivities of S3˙-. Physical properties of the newly formed D-A, A-D-A, and D-A-D type thienoacenes have also been investigated, which revealed their precisely controllable electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Su
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P. R. China
| | - Shuqi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Mo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P. R. China
| | - Kongchuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P. R. China
| | - Weidong Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hui-Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P. R. China
| | - Ting-Bin Wen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian P. R. China
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23
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Ji X, Xie H, Zhu C, Zou Y, Mu AU, Al-Hashimi M, Dunbar KR, Fang L. Pauli Paramagnetism of Stable Analogues of Pernigraniline Salt Featuring Ladder-Type Constitution. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:641-648. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Haomiao Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Congzhi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Yang Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Anthony U. Mu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Mohammed Al-Hashimi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kim R. Dunbar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
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24
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Chen S, Liu F, Wang C, Shen J, Wu Y. Simple Route to Synthesize Fully Conjugated Ladder Isomer Copolymers with Carbazole Units. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101619. [PMID: 31591357 PMCID: PMC6835825 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two isomer polymers, P3 and P6, with fully conjugated ladder structures are presented by simple synthetic routes. The well-defined structures of fully conjugated ladder polymers P3 and P6 were ensured by the high yields of every reaction step. The fully rigid ladder structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and photophysical test. Polymers P3 and P6 with bulky alkyl side chains exhibit good solution processability and desirable thermostable properties. After the intramolecular cyclization reaction, the band gaps of polymers P3 and P6 become lower (2.86 eV and 2.66 eV, respectively) compared with polymers P1 and P4. This initial study provides insight for the rational design of fully ladder-conjugated isomeric polymers with well-defined structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Jinghui Shen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Yonggang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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Hirano T, Hanamura H, Inoue M, Ueda S, Watanabe M, Tanabiki M, Mikami K. Synthesis of soluble, air-stable fully conjugated ladder polymers. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Investigation into the molecular and electronic structures of a newly synthesized o-quinone derivative. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Chaudhuri S, Mohanan M, Willems AV, Bertke JA, Gavvalapalli N. β-Strand inspired bifacial π-conjugated polymers. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5976-5982. [PMID: 31360404 PMCID: PMC6566302 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01724k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Access to diverse, relatively high molecular weight soluble linear polymers without pendant solubilizing chains is the key to solution state synthesis of structurally diverse nanoribbons of conjugated materials. However, realizing soluble 1D-π-conjugated polymers without pendant solubilizing chains is a daunting task. Herein, inspired from the polypeptide β-strand architecture, we have designed and developed novel bifacial π-conjugated polymers (M n: ca. 24 kDa) that are soluble (ca. 70 to >250 mM) despite the absence of pendant solubilizing chains. The impact of varying the bifacial monomer height on polymer solubility, optical properties, and interactions with small molecules is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemistry , Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology , Georgetown University , 3700 O st NW , Washington , D.C. 20057 , USA .
| | - Manikandan Mohanan
- Department of Chemistry , Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology , Georgetown University , 3700 O st NW , Washington , D.C. 20057 , USA .
| | - Andreas V Willems
- Department of Chemistry , Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology , Georgetown University , 3700 O st NW , Washington , D.C. 20057 , USA .
| | - Jeffery A Bertke
- Department of Chemistry , Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology , Georgetown University , 3700 O st NW , Washington , D.C. 20057 , USA .
| | - Nagarjuna Gavvalapalli
- Department of Chemistry , Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology , Georgetown University , 3700 O st NW , Washington , D.C. 20057 , USA .
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28
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Zhou C, Gu W, Zhang G, Liu L, Lv A, Zhang L. Isomeric Pyrenodithiophenediones and Their Derivatives: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Device Performance. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5936-5942. [PMID: 30931568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two isomeric pyrenodithiophenediones and their triisopropylsilyl(TIPS)-ethynyl-functionalized derivatives were synthesized and characterized. With treatment of excess lithium TIPS-acetylide, the isomeric diones could undergo Michael and carbonyl additions to form three derivatives with four, three, and two TIPS-ethynyl groups, respectively. The isomeric TIPS-ethynyl-functionalized derivatives show different physicochemical properties. The single-crystalline transistors based on TIPS-ethynyl-functionalized derivatives exhibit a promising p-type transport behavior, with hole mobilities up to 0.51 cm2 V-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Wen Gu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University of Engineering Science , 333 Longteng Road , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Lele Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Aifeng Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University of Engineering Science , 333 Longteng Road , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
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29
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Zhu C, Kalin AJ, Fang L. Covalent and Noncovalent Approaches to Rigid Coplanar π-Conjugated Molecules and Macromolecules. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:1089-1100. [PMID: 30943015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular conformation and rigidity are essential factors in determining the properties of individual molecules, the associated supramolecular assemblies, and bulk materials. This correlation is particularly important for π-conjugated molecular and macromolecular systems. Within such an individual molecule, a coplanar conformation facilitates the delocalization of not only molecular orbitals but also charges, excitons, and spins, leading to synergistically ensembled properties of the entire conjugated system. A rigid backbone, meanwhile, imposes a high energy cost to disrupt such a favorable conformation, ensuring the robustness and persistence of coplanarity. From a supramolecular and material point of view, coplanarity and rigidity often promote strong intermolecular electronic coupling and reduce the energy barrier for the intermolecular transport of charges, excitons, and phonons, affording advanced materials properties in bulk. In this context, pursuing a rigid and coplanar molecular conformation often represents one of the primary objectives when designing and synthesizing conjugated molecules for electronic and optical applications. Two general bottom-up strategies-covalent annulation and noncovalent conformational control-are often employed to construct rigid coplanar π systems. These strategies have afforded various classes of such molecules and macromolecules, including so-called conjugated ladder polymers, graphene nanoribbons, polyacenes, and conformationally locked organic semiconductors. While pursuing these targets, however, one often confronts challenges associated with precise synthesis and limited solubility of the rigid coplanar systems, which could further impede their large-scale preparation, characterization, processing, and application. To address these issues, we developed and utilized a number of synthetic methods and molecular engineering approaches to construct and to process rigid coplanar conjugated molecules and macromolecules. Structure-property correlations of this unique class of organic materials were established, providing important chemical principles for molecular design and materials applications. In this Account, we first describe our efforts to synthesize rigid coplanar π systems fused by various types of bonds, including kinetically formed covalent bonds, thermodynamically formed covalent bonds, N→B coordinate bonds, and hydrogen bonds, in order of increasing dynamic character. The subsequent section discusses the characteristic properties of selected examples of these rigid coplanar π systems in comparison with control compounds that are not rigid and coplanar, particularly focusing on the optical, electronic, and electrochemical properties. For systems bridged with noncovalent interactions, active manipulation of the dynamic bonds can tune variable properties at the molecular or collective level. Intermolecular interactions, solid-state packing, and processing of several cases are then discussed to lay the foundation for future materials applications of rigid coplanar π conjugated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzhi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Alexander J. Kalin
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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30
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Fan M, Shen Y, Zheng Y, Yu X, Li M, Xu L, Wang J, Yang L, Li J. Pyridazine‐Containing Diazatwistanthracene and Tetraazatwisttetracene: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Third Order Non‐linear Optical Properties. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201804065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Fan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430074 China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering &PharmacyWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Yuqiang Shen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Yusen Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong ProvinceShantou University Guangdong 515063 China
| | - Xianglin Yu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering &PharmacyWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Miao Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering &PharmacyWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong ProvinceShantou University Guangdong 515063 China
| | - Jiapei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering &PharmacyWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Junbo Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430074 China
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31
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Li G, Wang S, Yang S, Liu G, Hao P, Zheng Y, Long G, Li D, Zhang Y, Yang W, Xu L, Gao W, Zhang Q, Cui G, Tang B. Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Two‐Photon Absorption Study of Tetraazachrysene‐based N‐Heteroacenes. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1807-1813. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of EducationShandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P.R. China
| | - Shuaihua Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of EducationShandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P.R. China
| | - Shufan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of EducationShandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P.R. China
| | - Guangfeng Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, CP 206/01Université Libre de Bruxelles Campus de la Plaine 1050 Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Pin Hao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of EducationShandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P.R. China
| | - Yusen Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong ProvinceShantou University Shantou 515063 P.R. China
| | - Guankui Long
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of EducationShandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of EducationShandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of EducationShandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P.R. China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong ProvinceShantou University Shantou 515063 P.R. China
| | - Weibo Gao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Guanwei Cui
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of EducationShandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P.R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of EducationShandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P.R. China
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32
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Tasior M, Koszarna B, Young DC, Bernard B, Jacquemin D, Gryko D, Gryko DT. Fe(iii)-Catalyzed synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles: formation of new dyes and photophysical studies. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00675c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles has been developed employing iron(iii) perchlorate as a catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - David C. Young
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Beata Bernard
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM
- UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
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33
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Zhu C, Ji X, You D, Chen TL, Mu AU, Barker KP, Klivansky LM, Liu Y, Fang L. Extraordinary Redox Activities in Ladder-Type Conjugated Molecules Enabled by B ← N Coordination-Promoted Delocalization and Hyperconjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:18173-18182. [PMID: 30507169 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of B ← N coordinate bond-isoelectronic to C-C single bond-into π-systems represents a promising strategy to impart exotic redox and electrochromic properties into conjugated organic molecules and macromolecules. To achieve both reductive and oxidative activities using this strategy, a cruciform ladder-type molecular constitution was designed to accommodate oxidation-active, reduction-active, and B ← N coordination units into a compact structure. Two such compounds (BN-F and BN-Ph) were synthesized via highly efficient N-directed borylation. These molecules demonstrated well-separated, two reductive and two oxidative electron-transfer processes, corresponding to five distinct yet stable oxidation states, including a rarely observed boron-containing radical cation. Spectroelectrochemical measurements revealed unique optical characteristics for each of these reduced/oxidized species, demonstrating multicolor electrochromism with excellent recyclability. Distinct color changes were observed between each redox state with clear isosbestic points on the absorption spectra. The underlying redox mechanism was elucidated by a combination of computational and experimental investigations. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis on the neutral state, the oxidized radical cation, and the reduced dianion of BN-Ph revealed structural transformations into two distinct quinonoid constitutions during the oxidation and reduction processes, respectively. B ← N coordination played an important role in rendering the robust and reversible multistage redox properties, by extending the charge and spin delocalization, by modulating the π-electron density, and by a newly established hyperconjugation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Teresa L Chen
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | | | | | - Liana M Klivansky
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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34
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Cai Z, Awais MA, Zhang N, Yu L. Exploration of Syntheses and Functions of Higher Ladder-type π-Conjugated Heteroacenes. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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35
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Eshun A, Cai Z, Awies M, Yu L, Goodson T. Investigations of Thienoacene Molecules for Classical and Entangled Two-Photon Absorption. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8167-8182. [PMID: 30251540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b06312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of the optical effects in thienoacene chromophores with different central atoms were performed. These chromophores provide a basis for the comparison of the linear, two-photon, and entangled two-photon properties in organic molecules with varying degrees of dipolar or quadrupolar character. Linear absorption and emission as well as time-dependent density functional theory calculations were performed for the chromophores investigated. Measurements of the classical two-photon absorption (TPA), entangled two-photon absorption (ETPA), as well as entangled two-photon fluorescence were experimentally performed for the four chromophores. Electronic structure calculations were utilized to provide estimates of the classical two-photon absorption coefficients. The results of the measured entangled two-photon cross sections were compared with theoretical estimates for the molecules investigated. It is found that the dipole (transition or permanent) pathway can have an effect on the trends in the entangled photon absorption process in dipolar organic chromophores. This study helps predict the properties of the entangled two-photon effect in chromophores with different dipolar and quadrupolar character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Eshun
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 N University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- School of Material Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Haidan District, Beijing , China
| | - Mohammed Awies
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Luping Yu
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - T Goodson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 N University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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36
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Awais MA, Cai Z, Zhang N, Yu L. Molecular Design towards Controlling Charge Transport. Chemistry 2018; 24:17180-17187. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahmad Awais
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute; The University of Chicago; 1929 E 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional, Materials and Green Applications; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; 25 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute; The University of Chicago; 1929 E 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Luping Yu
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute; The University of Chicago; 1929 E 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
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37
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Chen J, Yang K, Zhou X, Guo X. Ladder-Type Heteroarene-Based Organic Semiconductors. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2587-2600. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech); No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin; Institute of Polymer Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech); No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin; Institute of Polymer Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech); No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech); No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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38
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Liao Q, Wang Y, Uddin MA, Chen J, Guo H, Shi S, Wang Y, Woo HY, Guo X. Drastic Effects of Fluorination on Backbone Conformation of Head-to-Head Bithiophene-Based Polymer Semiconductors. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:519-524. [PMID: 35632924 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study shows that the backbone conformation of head-to-head type 3,3'-dialkyl-2,2'-bithiophene can be tuned via fluorination of the neighboring benzothiadiazole (BTz). Without fluorination, the polymer backbone is highly twisted, whereas difluorination of BTz produced a coplanar backbone. Monofluorination of BTz yielded a tunable polymer backbone conformation depending on the film annealing temperature. In organic thin-film transistors, the polymer with the head-to-head linkages showed a remarkable hole mobility of >0.5 cm2 V-1 s-1 upon attaining a planar backbone. Thus, the head-to-head linkage does not necessarily lead to backbone nonplanarity, and achieving planar conformation of 3,3'-dialkyl-2,2'-bithiophene has profound implications in materials design for organic semiconducting devices, yielding good solubility, reduced materials synthetic steps, and improved opto-electrical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaogan Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yulun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | | | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Han Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Shengbin Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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39
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Pan H, Song T, Yin X, Jin P, Xiao J. Synthesis, Crystal Analysis, and Optoelectronic Properties of Diazole-Functionalized Acenes and Azaacenes. Chemistry 2018; 24:6572-6579. [PMID: 29341382 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Doping heteroatoms into the skeletons of parent acenes can provide more opportunities to construct novel thermally and photostable organic π-conjugated semiconductors. Herein, a family of diazole-decorated acenes (APyS and APySe) and azaacenes (PyP, PyTh, PyPy, PyPh, and PyAP) have been successfully synthesized through the classical reactions. Single-crystal X-ray analyses showed that these as-formed diazole-modified derivatives adopted a twisted topology configuration, whereas the azaacenes display reclining-chair architectures, besides a twisted structure. All these compounds displayed yellow or red light in solution. Moreover, their electrochemical behaviors were also examined. We also found that the azaacenes exhibited a positive spectroscopic response to acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahang Pan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Song
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Yin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Jin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Jinchong Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
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40
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Cai Z, Zhao D, Sharapov V, Awais MA, Zhang N, Chen W, Yu L. Enhancement in Open-Circuit Voltage in Organic Solar Cells by Using Ladder-Type Nonfullerene Acceptors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:13528-13533. [PMID: 29589434 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The open-circuit voltage ( Voc) loss has always been a major factor in lowering power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). A method to improve the Voc is indispensable to achieve high PCEs. In this paper, we investigated a series of perylene diimide-based ladder-type molecules as electron acceptors in nonfullerene OPVs. The D-A ladder-type structures described here lock our π-systems into a planar structure and eliminate bond twisting associated with linear conjugated systems. This enlarges the interface energy gap (Δ EDA), extends electronic delocalization, and hence improves the Voc. More importantly, these devices showed an increase in Voc without compromising either the Jsc or the FF. C5r exhibited a strong intermolecular interaction and a PCE value of 6.1%. Moreover, grazing-incident wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis and atomic force microscopy images suggested that our fused-ring acceptors showed a suitable domain size and uniform blend films, which were not affected by their rigid molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxu Cai
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Donglin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Valerii Sharapov
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Mohammad A Awais
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
- Institute for Molecular Engineering , The University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Luping Yu
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute , The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
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41
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Jiang Y, Zheng X, Deng Y, Tian H, Ding J, Xie Z, Geng Y, Wang F. Fused Isoindigo Ribbons with Absorption Bands Reaching Near-Infrared. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Junqiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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42
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Jiang Y, Zheng X, Deng Y, Tian H, Ding J, Xie Z, Geng Y, Wang F. Fused Isoindigo Ribbons with Absorption Bands Reaching Near-Infrared. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10283-10287. [PMID: 29635885 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Through fusing isoindigo (IID) units at 6,7;6',7'-positions, a series of new near-infrared (NIR) absorbing and stable ribbon-like conjugated molecules, namely nIIDs in which n represents the number of IID units, have been synthesized. The optical band gaps of the molecules are lowered from 2.03 eV of 1IID to 1.12 eV of 6IID with the increase of the conjugation length. 3IID, 4IID, and 6IID have strong absorption in the NIR region and exhibit photothermal conversion efficiencies of greater than 50 % under laser irradiation at λ=808 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Junqiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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43
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Wang Y, Guo H, Harbuzaru A, Uddin MA, Arrechea-Marcos I, Ling S, Yu J, Tang Y, Sun H, López Navarrete JT, Ortiz RP, Woo HY, Guo X. (Semi)ladder-Type Bithiophene Imide-Based All-Acceptor Semiconductors: Synthesis, Structure–Property Correlations, and Unipolar n-Type Transistor Performance. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6095-6108. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Han Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Alexandra Harbuzaru
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Mohammad Afsar Uddin
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Iratxe Arrechea-Marcos
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Shaohua Ling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yumin Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Huiliang Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | | | - Rocio Ponce Ortiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Han Young Woo
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, South University of Science and Technology of China, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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44
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Cai Z, Zhang N, Awais MA, Filatov AS, Yu L. Synthesis of Alternating Donor–Acceptor Ladder‐Type Molecules and Investigation of Their Multiple Charge‐Transfer Pathways. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxu Cai
- Department of Chemistry The University of Chicago 929 E 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Chemistry The University of Chicago 929 E 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Mohammad A. Awais
- Department of Chemistry The University of Chicago 929 E 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Alexander S. Filatov
- Department of Chemistry The University of Chicago 929 E 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Luping Yu
- Department of Chemistry The University of Chicago 929 E 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
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45
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Cai Z, Zhang N, Awais MA, Filatov AS, Yu L. Synthesis of Alternating Donor–Acceptor Ladder‐Type Molecules and Investigation of Their Multiple Charge‐Transfer Pathways. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6442-6448. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxu Cai
- Department of Chemistry The University of Chicago 929 E 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Chemistry The University of Chicago 929 E 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Mohammad A. Awais
- Department of Chemistry The University of Chicago 929 E 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Alexander S. Filatov
- Department of Chemistry The University of Chicago 929 E 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Luping Yu
- Department of Chemistry The University of Chicago 929 E 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
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46
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Tasior M, Czichy M, Łapkowski M, Gryko DT. Dibenzothienopyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole: The Missing Member of the Thienoacene Family. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:449-456. [PMID: 29272075 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzothienopyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole and the corresponding bis(S,S-dioxide) were synthesized by using a concise synthetic strategy. Despite the presence of six fused aromatic rings, π-expanded pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles of this type absorb and emit at relatively short wavelengths, which reflects inefficient π conjugation due to the angular arrangement of the aromatic rings. They exhibit interesting and complex electrochemical behavior, which highlights their potential in organic electronics. Both heteroacenes undergo two-stage oxidation while retaining the independence of each 1-phenyl-1H-[1]benzothieno[3,2-b]pyrrole, which was proved by in situ electron spin resonance measurements. Interestingly, electrochemically generated dicationdiradicals are not only distributed over the pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole scaffold, but also over the phenyl substituents located on nitrogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Czichy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Łapkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.,Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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47
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Liao H, Xiao C, Ravva MK, Wang Y, Little M, Jenart MVC, Onwubiko A, Li Z, Wang Z, Brédas JL, McCulloch I, Yue W. Synthesis and properties of isoindigo and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]bis[b]benzothiophene oligomers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11152-11155. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05608k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of thienoacene-isoindigo oligomers have been synthesized from novel BBBT bislactam. Their opto-electronic and device characteristics have been investigated.
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48
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Liu F, Zhang H, Dong J, Wu Y, Li W. Highly Efficient Synthesis of a Ladder-Type BN-Heteroacene and Polyheteroacene. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Key Laboratory of Chemcial Biology of Hebei University; Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Hailei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Key Laboratory of Chemcial Biology of Hebei University; Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Dong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Key Laboratory of Chemcial Biology of Hebei University; Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Key Laboratory of Chemcial Biology of Hebei University; Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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49
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Yang M, Lau TK, Xiao S, Gao J, Wang W, Lu X, Zhang S, Wu J, Zhan C, You W. A Ladder-type Heteroheptacene 12H-Dithieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b:2',3'-h]fluorene Based D-A Copolymer with Strong Intermolecular Interactions toward Efficient Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:35159-35168. [PMID: 28944668 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ladder-type electron-donating units for D-A copolymers applied in polymer solar cells usually comprise multiple tetrahedral carbon bridges bonded with out-of-plane alkyl chains for desirable solubility for device processing. However, molecular packing of resultant copolymers in the solid state and charge transport within devices are also impeded in spite of with multiple fused aromatic backbones. To mitigate this issue, a structurally well-defined ladder-type electron-donating heteroheptacene, 12H-dithieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b:2',3'-h]fluorene (DTTF) with an extended conjugated backbone and a single tetrahedral carbon bridge attached with two bulky alkyl chains was designed and synthesized. The copolymerization of DTTF with 4,7-bis(4-hexylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (DTBT) afforded a soluble D-A copolymer (PDTTF-DTBT) with a medium optical band gap of 1.72 eV and low-lying HOMO level at -5.36 eV. PDTTF-DTBT unprecedentedly exhibits strong intermolecular stacking ability and presents preferential face-on orientation on both ZnO and PEDOT:PSS layers. The improved packing order and appropriate phase separation of both the copolymer and PC71BM in the bulk heterojunction blend on the ZnO layer over on the PEDOT:PSS layer lead to much improved power conversion efficiency of ∼8.2% in the inverted solar cell device, among the highest for reported ladder-type D-A copolymers. The research demonstrates that it is an effective method to incorporate a single tetrahedral carbon bridge to the molecular center of a ladder-type heteroacene with heavily extended π-conjugation to prepare D-A copolymers toward highly efficient PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Tsz-Ki Lau
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Shengqiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Shoujie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Chun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wei You
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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50
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Wu FP, Un HI, Li Y, Hu H, Yuan Y, Yang B, Xiao K, Chen W, Wang JY, Jiang ZQ, Pei J, Liao LS. An Imide-Based Pentacyclic Building Block for n-Type Organic Semiconductors. Chemistry 2017; 23:14723-14727. [PMID: 28875516 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new electron-deficient unit with a fused 5-membered heterocyclic ring was developed by replacing a cyclopenta-1,3-diene from electron-rich donor indacenodithiophene (IDT) with a cyclohepta-4,6-diene-1,3-diimde unit. The imide bridge endows dithienylbenzenebisimide (BBI) with a fixed planar configuration and low energy levels for both the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO; -6.24 eV) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbit (LUMO; -2.57 eV). Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on BBI polymers exhibit electron mobility up to 0.34 cm2 V-1 s-1 , which indicates that the BBI is a promising n-type building block for optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Peng Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hio-Ieng Un
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yongxi Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hailiang Hu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, 37831, USA
| | - Kai Xiao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, 37831, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zuo-Quan Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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