1
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Leo CM, Jang J, Corey EJ, Neary WJ, Bowman JI, Kennemur JG. Comparison of Polypentenamer and Polynorbornene Bottlebrushes in Dilute Solution. ACS POLYMERS AU 2024; 4:235-246. [PMID: 38882033 PMCID: PMC11177302 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Bottlebrush (BB) polymers were synthesized via grafting-from-atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene on polypentenamer and polynorbornene macroinitiators with matched grafting density (n g = 4) and backbone degrees of polymerization (122 ≥ N bb ≥ 61) to produce a comparative study on their respective dilute solution properties as a function of increasing side chain degree of polymerization (116 ≥ N sc ≥ 5). The grafting-from technique produced near quantitative grafting efficiency and narrow dispersity N sc as evidenced by spectroscopic analysis and ring closing metathesis depolymerization of the polypentenamer BBs. The versatility of this synthetic approach permitted a comprehensive survey of power law expressions that arise from monitoring intrinsic viscosity, hydrodynamic radius, and radius of gyration as a function of increasing the molar mass of the BBs by increasing N sc. These values were compared to a series of linear (nongrafted, N sc = 0) macroinitiators in addition to linear grafts. This unique study allowed elucidation of the onset of bottlebrush behavior for two different types of bottlebrush backbones with identical grafting density but inherently different flexibility. In addition, grafting-from ATRP of methyl acrylate on a polypentenamer macroinitiator allowed the observation of the effects of graft chemistry in comparison to polystyrene. Differences in the observed scaling relationships in dilute solution as a function of each of these synthetic variants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Leo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
| | - Jaehoon Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
| | - Ethan J Corey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
| | - William J Neary
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jared I Bowman
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Justin G Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
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2
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Clemons TD, Egner SA, Grzybek J, Roan JJ, Sai H, Yang Y, Syrgiannis Z, Sun H, Palmer LC, Gianneschi NC, Stupp SI. Hybrid Bonding Bottlebrush Polymers Grafted from a Supramolecular Polymer Backbone. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16085-16096. [PMID: 38831660 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers, macromolecules consisting of dense polymer side chains grafted from a central polymer backbone, have unique properties resulting from this well-defined molecular architecture. With the advent of controlled radical polymerization techniques, access to these architectures has become more readily available. However, synthetic challenges remain, including the need for intermediate purification, the use of toxic solvents, and challenges with achieving long bottlebrush architectures due to backbone entanglements. Herein, we report hybrid bonding bottlebrush polymers (systems integrating covalent and noncovalent bonding of structural units) consisting of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (p(NaSS)) brushes grafted from a peptide amphiphile (PA) supramolecular polymer backbone. This was achieved using photoinitiated electron/energy transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization in water. The structure of the hybrid bonding bottlebrush architecture was characterized using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and its properties were probed using rheological measurements. We observed that hybrid bonding bottlebrush polymers were able to organize into block architectures containing domains with high brush grafting density and others with no observable brushes. This finding is possibly a result of dynamic behavior unique to supramolecular polymer backbones, enabling molecular exchange or translational diffusion of monomers along the length of the assemblies. The hybrid bottlebrush polymers exhibited higher solution viscosity at moderate shear, protected supramolecular polymer backbones from disassembly at high shear, and supported self-healing capabilities, depending on grafting densities. Our results demonstrate an opportunity for novel properties in easily synthesized bottlebrush polymer architectures built with supramolecular polymers that might be useful in biomedical applications or for aqueous lubrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan D Clemons
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Simon A Egner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joseph Grzybek
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joshua J Roan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hiroaki Sai
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Zois Syrgiannis
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hao Sun
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Liam C Palmer
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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3
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Kilgallon LJ, McFadden TP, Sigman MS, Johnson JA. Tricyclononenes and tricyclononadienes as efficient monomers for controlled ROMP: understanding structure-propagation rate relationships and enabling facile post-polymerization modification. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8334-8345. [PMID: 38846402 PMCID: PMC11151844 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01986e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Grubbs 3rd-generation (G3) pre-catalyst-initiated ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) remains an indispensable tool in the polymer chemist's toolbox. Tricyclononenes (TCN) and tricyclononadienes (TCND) represent under-explored classes of monomers for ROMP that have the potential to both advance fundamental knowledge (e.g., structure-polymerization kinetics relationships) and serve as practical tools for the polymer chemist (e.g., post-polymerization functionalization). In this work, a library of TCN and TCND imides, monoesters, and diesters, along with their exo-norbornene counterparts, were synthesized to compare their behaviors in G3-initiated ROMP. Real-time 1H NMR was used to study their polymerization kinetics; propagation rates (k p) were extracted for each monomer. To understand the relationships between monomer structure and ROMP propagation rates, density functional theory methods were used to calculate a variety of electronic and steric parameters for each monomer. While electronic parameters (e.g., HOMO energy levels) correlated positively with the measured k p values, steric parameters generally gave improved correlations, which indicates that monomer size and shape are better predictors for k p than electronic parameters for this data set. Furthermore, the TCND diester-which contains an electron-deficient cyclobutene that is resistant to ROMP-and its polymer p(TCND) are shown to be highly reactive toward DBU-catalyzed conjugate addition reactions with thiols, providing a protecting- and activating-group free strategy for post-polymerization modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon J Kilgallon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Timothy P McFadden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah 84112 USA
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah 84112 USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 500 Main Street Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA 02142 USA
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4
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Grundler J, Whang CH, Shin K, Savan NA, Zhong M, Saltzman WM. Modifying the Backbone Chemistry of PEG-Based Bottlebrush Block Copolymers for the Formation of Long-Circulating Nanoparticles. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304040. [PMID: 38734871 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticle physicochemical properties have received great attention in optimizing the performance of nanoparticles for biomedical applications. For example, surface functionalization with small molecules or linear hydrophilic polymers is commonly used to tune the interaction of nanoparticles with proteins and cells. However, it is challenging to control the location of functional groups within the shell for conventional nanoparticles. Nanoparticle surfaces composed of shape-persistent bottlebrush polymers allow hierarchical control over the nanoparticle shell but the effect of the bottlebrush backbone on biological interactions is still unknown. The synthesis is reported of novel heterobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-norbornene macromonomers modified with various small molecules to form bottlebrush polymers with different backbone chemistries. It is demonstrated that micellar nanoparticles composed of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-PEG bottlebrush block copolymer (BBCP) with neutral and cationic backbone modifications exhibit significantly reduced cellular uptake compared to conventional unmodified BBCPs. Furthermore, the nanoparticles display long blood circulation half-lives of ≈22 hours and enhanced tumor accumulation in mice. Overall, this work sheds light on the importance of the bottlebrush polymer backbone and provides a strategy to improve the performance of nanoparticles in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Grundler
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Chang-Hee Whang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Kwangsoo Shin
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - N Anna Savan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology and Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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5
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Adeli Y, Raman Venkatesan T, Mezzenga R, Nüesch FA, Opris DM. Synthesis of Bottlebrush Polymers with Spontaneous Self-Assembly for Dielectric Generators. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2024; 6:4999-5010. [PMID: 38752017 PMCID: PMC11091855 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c03053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Cross-linked bottlebrush polymers received significant attention as dielectrics in transducers due to their unique softness and strain stiffening caused by their structure. Despite some progress, there is still a great challenge in increasing their dielectric permittivity beyond 3.5 and cross-linking them to defect-free ultrathin films efficiently under ambient conditions. Here, we report the synthesis of bottlebrush copolymers based on ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) starting from a 5-norbornene-2-carbonitrile and a norbornene modified with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) chain as a macromonomer. The resulting copolymer was subjected to a postpolymerization modification, whereby the double bonds were used both for functionalization with thiopropionitrile and subsequent cross-linking via a thiol-ene reaction. The solutions of both bottlebrush copolymers formed free-standing elastic films by simple casting. DMA and broadband impedance spectroscopy revealed two glass transition temperatures uncommon for a random copolymer. The self-segregation of the nonpolar PDMS chains and the polynorbornane backbone is responsible for this and is supported by the interfacial polarization observed in broadband impedance spectroscopy and the scattering peaks observed in small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Additionally, the modified bottlebrush copolymer was cross-linked to an elastomer that exhibits increased dielectric permittivity and good mechanical properties with significant strain stiffening, an attractive property of dielectric elastomer generators. It has a relative permittivity of 5.24, strain at break of 290%, elastic modulus at 10% strain of 380 kPa, a breakdown field of 62 V μm-1, and a small actuation of 5% at high electric fields of 48.5 V μm-1. All of these characteristics are attractive for dielectric elastomer generator applications. The current work is a milestone in designing functional elastomers based on bottlebrush polymers for transducer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeerlan Adeli
- Laboratory
for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Ueberlandstr. 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole
Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, EPFL, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thulasinath Raman Venkatesan
- Laboratory
for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Ueberlandstr. 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich,
Laboratory of Food and Soft Materials, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Frank A. Nüesch
- Laboratory
for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Ueberlandstr. 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole
Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, EPFL, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dorina M. Opris
- Laboratory
for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Ueberlandstr. 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Wang C, Zhao H. Polymer Brushes and Surface Nanostructures: Molecular Design, Precise Synthesis, and Self-Assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2439-2464. [PMID: 38279930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
For over two decades, polymer brushes have found wide applications in industry and scientific research. Now, polymer brush research has been a significant research focus in the community of polymer science. In this review paper, we give an introduction to the synthesis, self-assembly, and applications of one-dimensional (1D) polymer brushes on polymer backbones, two-dimensional (2D) polymer brushes on flat surfaces, and three-dimensional (3D) polymer brushes on spherical particles. Examples of the synthesis of polymer brushes on different substrates are provided. Studies on the formation of the surface nanostructures on solid surfaces are also reviewed in this article. Multicomponent polymer brushes on solid surfaces are able to self-assemble into surface micelles (s-micelles). If the s-micelles are linked to the substrates through cleavable linkages, the s-micelles can be cleaved from the substrates, and the cleaved s-micelles are able to self-assemble into hierarchical structures. The formation of the surface nanostructures by coassembly of polymer brushes and "free" polymer chains (coassembly approach) or polymerization-induced surface self-assembly approach, is discussed. The applications of the polymer brushes in colloid and biomedical science are summarized. Finally, perspectives on the development of polymer brushes are offered in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hanying Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
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7
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Huang Y, Zhao C, Zhang B, Li H, Zhao J. Marriage of Organic and Grubbs Catalysts for Tandem Synthesis of Bottlebrush Polyesters. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1711-1717. [PMID: 38039396 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers (BBPs) have gained wide attention for their special characters, such as rigid main/side chains, stemming from the exceedingly high graft density. This study aims to provide a simple synthetic approach to BBPs with polyester side chains by merging ring-opening alternating copolymerization (ROAP) and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). A simple phosphazene base (tBuP1) is employed for the ROAP of phthalic anhydride and epoxide, after which Grubbs third-generation catalyst (G3) is added to in situ switch on ROMP of the macromonomer, i.e., norbornenyl-ended alternating polyester. The compatibility of tBuP1 with G3 and well-controlled ROMP is evidenced by DOSY-NMR of mixed catalysts, characterization of BBPs, and side-chain degradation. The method can also be extended to BBPs with one-step synthesized block copolyesters side chains. These results highlight the strength of the non-nucleophilic organobase catalyst for convenient construction of complex (degradable) polymers with compositional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenke Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Boru Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Functional Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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8
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Schiffmann N, Liang Y, Nemcovsky CE, Almogy M, Halperin-Sternfeld M, Gianneschi NC, Adler-Abramovich L, Rosen E. Enzyme-Responsive Nanoparticles for Dexamethasone Targeted Delivery to Treat Inflammation in Diabetes. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301053. [PMID: 37498238 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a global epidemic accompanied by impaired wound healing and increased risk of persistent infections and resistance to standard treatments. Therefore, there is an immense need to develop novel methods to specifically target therapeutics to affected tissues and improve treatment efficacy. This study aims to use enzyme-responsive nanoparticles for the targeted delivery of an anti-inflammatory drug, dexamethasone, to treat inflammation in diabetes. These nanoparticles are assembled from fluorescently-labeled, dexamethasone-loaded peptide-polymer amphiphiles. The nanoparticles are injected in vivo, adjacent to labeled collagen membranes sub-periosteally implanted on the calvaria of diabetic rats. Following their implantation, collagen membrane resorption is linked to inflammation, especially in hyperglycemic individuals. The nanoparticles show strong and prolonged accumulation in inflamed tissue after undergoing a morphological switch into microscale aggregates. Significantly higher remaining collagen membrane area and less inflammatory cell infiltration are observed in responsive nanoparticles-treated rats, compared to control groups injected with free dexamethasone and non-responsive nanoparticles. These factors indicate improved therapeutic efficacy in inflammation reduction. These results demonstrate the potential use of enzyme-responsive nanoparticles as targeted delivery vehicles for the treatment of diabetic and other inflammatory wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Schiffmann
- Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Yifei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Carlos E Nemcovsky
- Department of Periodontology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Michal Almogy
- Department of Periodontology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Michal Halperin-Sternfeld
- Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Lihi Adler-Abramovich
- Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Eyal Rosen
- Department of Endodontology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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Mekcham S, Nomura K. Synthesis of Bottlebrush Polymers by Z-/ E-Specific Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization, Exhibiting Different Thermal Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17001-17006. [PMID: 37498370 PMCID: PMC10416215 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of bottlebrush polymers (BBPs) and block copolymers by Z-/E-specific living ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of N-substituted-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximides containing long alkyl chains (n-octadecyl, n-tetradecyl, etc.) has been attained by the vanadium(V)-alkylidene catalysts V(CHSiMe3)(ArN)[OC(CF3)3](PMe3)2 [Ar = 2,6-Cl2C6H3 (1), C6F5 (2)] and V(CHSiMe3)(2,6-F2C6H3N)(OC6Cl5)(PMe3)2 (3). The ROMPs using 1 afforded the BBPs with exclusive Z selectivity (98 to >99% cis) even at high temperature (up to 80 °C) in the presence of PMe3, whereas the ROMPs using 3 gave the BBPs with high E selectivity (90% trans). These ROMPs proceeded in a living manner (even at 80 °C using 1), affording various (amphiphilic) block copolymers while maintaining high E/Z selectivity. The resultant Z- and E-selective BBPs especially prepared from N-(n-octadecyl)norbornene-2,3-dicarboximide possessed different melting temperatures due to different degrees of interpolymer alkyl side chain interaction (side chain crystallization).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirilak Mekcham
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo
Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo
Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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10
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Wang Z, Li R, Zhang Y, Chan CLC, Haataja JS, Yu K, Parker RM, Vignolini S. Tuning the Color of Photonic Glass Pigments by Thermal Annealing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207923. [PMID: 36482805 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thermal or solvent annealing is commonly employed to enhance phase separation and remove defects in block copolymer (BCP) films, leading to well-resolved nanostructures. Annealing is of particular importance for photonic BCP materials, where large, well-ordered lamellar domains are required to generate strong reflections at visible wavelengths. However, such strategies have not been considered for porous BCP systems, such as inverse photonic glasses, where the structure (and thus the optical response) is no longer defined solely by the chemical compatibility of the blocks, but by the size and arrangement of voids within the BCP matrix. In this study, a demonstration of how the concept of "thermal annealing" can be applied to bottlebrush block copolymer (BBCP) microparticles with a photonic glass architecture is presented, enabling their coloration to be tuned from blue to red. By comparing biocompatible BBCPs with similar composition, but different thermal behavior, it is shown that this process is driven by both a temperature-induced softening of the BBCP matrix (i.e., polymer mobility) and the absence of microphase separation (enabling diffusion-induced swelling of the pores). Last, this concept is applied toward the production of a thermochromic patterned hydrogel, exemplifying the potential of such responsive biocompatible photonic-glass pigments toward smart labeling or anticounterfeiting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Ruiting Li
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yating Zhang
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Chun Lam Clement Chan
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Johannes S Haataja
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Kui Yu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Richard M Parker
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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11
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Zografos A, All HA, Chang AB, Hillmyer MA, Bates FS. Star-to-Bottlebrush Transition in Extensional and Shear Deformation of Unentangled Polymer Melts. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aristotelis Zografos
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
| | - Helena A. All
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Alice B. Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
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12
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Georgiou PG, Kinney NLH, Kontopoulou I, Baker AN, Hindmarsh SA, Bissoyi A, Congdon TR, Whale TF, Gibson MI. Poly(vinyl alcohol) Molecular Bottlebrushes Nucleate Ice. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:5285-5296. [PMID: 36441868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ice binding proteins (IBP) have evolved to limit the growth of ice but also to promote ice formation by ice-nucleating proteins (INPs). IBPs, which modulate these seemingly distinct processes, often have high sequence similarities, and molecular size/assembly is hypothesized to be a crucial determinant. There are only a few synthetic materials that reproduce INP function, and rational design of ice nucleators has not been achieved due to outstanding questions about the mechanisms of ice binding. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer well known to effectively block ice recrystallization, by binding to ice. Here, we report the synthesis of a polymeric ice nucleator, which mimics the dense assembly of IBPs, using confined ice-binding polymers in a high-molar-mass molecular bottlebrush. Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based molecular bottlebrushes with different side-chain densities were synthesized via a combination of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization, using "grafting-to" and "grafting-through" approaches. The facile preparation of the PVA bottlebrushes was performed via selective hydrolysis of the acetate of the poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) side chains of the PVAc bottlebrush precursors. Ice-binding polymer side-chain density was shown to be crucial for nucleation activity, with less dense brushes resulting in colder nucleation than denser brushes. This bio-inspired approach provides a synthetic framework for probing heterogeneous ice nucleation and a route toward defined synthetic nucleators for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Nina L H Kinney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Ioanna Kontopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Steven A Hindmarsh
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Akalabya Bissoyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Thomas R Congdon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Thomas F Whale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
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13
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Dashtimoghadam E, Maw M, Keith AN, Vashahi F, Kempkes V, Gordievskaya YD, Kramarenko EY, Bersenev EA, Nikitina EA, Ivanov DA, Tian Y, Dobrynin AV, Vatankhah-Varnosfaderani M, Sheiko SS. Super-soft, firm, and strong elastomers toward replication of tissue viscoelastic response. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:3022-3030. [PMID: 36128881 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00844k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric networks are commonly used for various biomedical applications, from reconstructive surgery to wearable electronics. Some materials may be soft, firm, strong, or damping however, implementing all four properties into a single material to replicate the mechanical properties of tissue has been inaccessible. Herein, we present the A-g-B brush-like graft copolymer platform as a framework for fabrication of materials with independently tunable softness and firmness, capable of reaching a strength of ∼10 MPa on par with stress-supporting tissues such as blood vessel, muscle, and skin. These properties are maintained by architectural control, therefore diverse mechanical phenotypes are attainable for a variety of different chemistries. Utilizing this attribute, we demonstrate the capability of the A-g-B platform to enhance specific characteristics such as tackiness, damping, and moldability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Dashtimoghadam
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
| | - Mitchell Maw
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
| | - Andrew N Keith
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
| | - Foad Vashahi
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
| | - Verena Kempkes
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
| | - Yulia D Gordievskaya
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Yu Kramarenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Egor A Bersenev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniia A Nikitina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dimitri A Ivanov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse-IS2M, CNRS UMR 7361, 15, rue Jean Starcky, F-68057 Mulhouse, France.
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340, Sochi, Russian Federation
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
| | - Andrey V Dobrynin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
| | | | - Sergei S Sheiko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
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14
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Clarke BR, Kim H, Ilton M, Watkins JJ, Crosby AJ, Tew GN. The Impact of Polymerization Chemistry on the Mechanical Properties of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Bottlebrush Elastomers. Macromolecules 2022. [PMID: 37502106 PMCID: PMC10373355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We compare the low-strain mechanical properties of bottlebrush elastomers (BBEs) synthesized using ring-opening metathesis and free radical polymerization. Through comparison of experimentally measured elastic moduli and those predicted by an ideal, affine model, we evaluate the efficiency of our networks in forming stress-supporting strands. This comparison allowed us to develop a structural efficiency ratio that facilitates the prediction of mechanical properties relative to polymerization chemistry (e.g., softer BBEs when polymerizing under dilute conditions). This work highlights the impact that polymerization chemistry has on the structural efficiency ratio and the resultant mechanical properties of BBEs with identical side chains, providing another "knob" by which to control polymer network properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R. Clarke
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Mark Ilton
- Department of Physics, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - James J. Watkins
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Alfred J. Crosby
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gregory N. Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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15
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Hancock SN, Yuntawattana N, Valdez SM, Michaudel Q. Expedient Synthesis and Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Pyridinonorbornenes. Polym Chem 2022; 13:5530-5535. [PMID: 37193226 PMCID: PMC10168028 DOI: 10.1039/d2py00857b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyridine-containing polymers are promising materials for a variety of applications from the capture of contaminants to the self-assembly of block copolymers. However, the innate Lewis basicity of the pyridine motif often hampers living polymerization catalyzed by transition-metal complexes. Herein, we report the expedient synthesis of pyridinonorbornene monomers via a [4+2] cycloaddition between 2,3-pyridynes and cyclopentadiene. Well-controlled ring-opening metathesis polymerization was enabled by careful structural design of the monomer. Polypyridinonorbornenes exhibited high Tg and Td, a promising feature for high-temperature applications. Investigation of the polymerization kinetics and of the reactivity of the chain ends shed light on the influence of nitrogen coordination on the chain-growth mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Hancock
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Nattawut Yuntawattana
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Present Address: Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sara M Valdez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Quentin Michaudel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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16
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Wang Z, Yoon S, Wang J. Breaking the Paradox between Grafting-Through and Depolymerization to Access Recyclable Graft Polymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, the University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Seiyoung Yoon
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, the University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Junpeng Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, the University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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17
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Thompson KA, Mayder DM, Tonge CM, Sauvé ER, Lefeaux HR, Hudson ZM. A grafting-from strategy for the synthesis of bottlebrush nanofibers from organic semiconductors. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers with optoelectronic function show promise for applications in photonic crystals, nanomedicine, and encoding of information. In particular, bottlebrush polymers formed from organic semiconductors give wire-like nanoparticles where band gaps, fluorescence, and energy transfer can be tuned. To date, such bottlebrush polymers have largely been prepared by grafting-through polymerization of organic semiconductor macromonomers, where pre-synthesized side chains are polymerized along a bottlebrush backbone. While this approach provides high side-chain grafting densities, the length of bottlebrush polymers that is possible to obtain is limited by steric crowding at the propagating chain end. Here, we describe methods for preparing ultralong bottlebrush nanofibers from organic semiconductors, with backbone lengths approaching 800 repeating units and molecular weights in excess of 4 MDa. By combining reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer and Cu(0) reversible deactivation radical polymerization, a “grafting-from” protocol is described where monomers can be grown from a pre-synthesized backbone. Bottlebrush polymers were prepared from organic semiconductors used as n-type, p-type, and host materials in multilayer organic devices. Finally, a two-component bottlebrush polymer exhibiting deep blue emission, two-photon fluorescence, and a quantum yield of unity is also prepared by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Don M. Mayder
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Christopher M. Tonge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ethan R. Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Harrison R. Lefeaux
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zachary M. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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18
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Liang R, Song Q, Li R, Le AN, Fu X, Xue Y, Ji X, Li W, Zhong M. Rapid Access to Diverse Multicomponent Hierarchical Nanostructures from Mixed‐Graft Block Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210067. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Qingliang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
| | - An N. Le
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Xiaowei Fu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yazhen Xue
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
- Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
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19
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Liang R, Song Q, Li R, Le AN, Fu X, Xue Y, Ji X, Li W, Zhong M. Rapid Access to Diverse Multicomponent Hierarchical Nanostructures from Mixed‐Graft Block Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liang
- Yale University Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Qingliang Song
- Fudan University Department of Macromolecular Science CHINA
| | - Ruipeng Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory National Synchrotron Light Source II UNITED STATES
| | - An N. Le
- Yale University Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Xiaowei Fu
- Yale University Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Yazhen Xue
- Yale University Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- Yale University Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Weihua Li
- Fudan University Department of Macromolecular Science CHINA
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Yale University Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering 17 Hillhouse Ave Room 422 06511 New Haven UNITED STATES
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20
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Moon HH, Choi EJ, Yun SH, Kim YC, Premkumar T, Song C. Aqueous lubrication and wear properties of nonionic bottle-brush polymers. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17740-17746. [PMID: 35765345 PMCID: PMC9199083 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02711a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The usage of aqueous lubricants in eco-friendly bio-medical friction systems has attracted significant attention. Several bottle-brush polymers with generally ionic functional groups have been developed based on the structure of biological lubricant lubricin. However, hydrophilic nonionic brush polymers have attracted less attention, especially in terms of wear properties. We developed bottle-brush polymers (BP) using hydrophilic 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), a highly biocompatible yet nonionic molecule. The lubrication properties of polymer films were analyzed in an aqueous state using a ball-on-disk, which revealed that BPHEMA showed a lower aqueous friction coefficient than linear poly(HEMA), even lower than hyaluronic acid (HA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which are widely used as lubricating polymers. Significantly, we discovered that the combination of HA, PVA, and BPHEMA is demonstrated to be essential in influencing the surface wear properties; the ratio of 1 : 2 (HA : BPHEMA) had the maximum wear resistance, despite a slight increase in the aqueous friction coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwi Hyun Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Chul Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Thathan Premkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea .,The University College, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Changsik Song
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
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21
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Coia BM, Werner SE, Kennemur JG. Conformational bias in density functional theory ring strain energy calculations of cyclopentene derivatives: Towards predictive design of chemically recyclable elastomers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brianna M. Coia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - Sarah E. Werner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - Justin G. Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee Florida USA
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22
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Blosch SE, Scannelli SJ, Alaboalirat M, Matson JB. Complex Polymer Architectures Using Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: Synthesis, Applications, and Practical Considerations. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Blosch
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Samantha J. Scannelli
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Mohammed Alaboalirat
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - John B. Matson
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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23
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Sui X, Gutekunst WR. Cascade Alternating Metathesis Cyclopolymerization of Diynes and Dihydrofuran. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:630-635. [PMID: 35570817 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium alkoxymethylidene complexes have recently come into view as competent species for metathesis copolymerization reactions when coupled with appropriate comonomer targets. Here, we explore the ability of Fischer-type carbenes to participate in cascade alternating metathesis cyclopolymerization (CAMC) through facile terminal alkyne addition. The combination of diyne monomers and an equal feed ratio of low-strain dihydrofuran leads to a controlled chain-growth copolymerization with high degrees of alternation (>97% alternating diads) and produces degradable polymer materials with low dispersities and targetable molecular weights. When combined with enyne monomers, this method is amenable to the synthesis of alternating diblock copolymers that can be fully degraded to short oligomer fragments under aqueous acidic conditions. This work furthers the potential for the generation of functional metathesis materials via Fischer-type ruthenium alkylidenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Sui
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Will R. Gutekunst
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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24
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Kuanr N, Gilmour DJ, Gildenast H, Perry MR, Schafer LL. Amine-Containing Monomers for Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: Understanding Chelate Effects in Aryl- and Alkylamine-Functionalized Polyolefins. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalendu Kuanr
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Damon J. Gilmour
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hans Gildenast
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mitchell R. Perry
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
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25
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Ogbonna N, Dearman M, Cho CT, Bharti B, Peters AJ, Lawrence J. Topologically Precise and Discrete Bottlebrush Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Structure-Property Relationships. JACS AU 2022; 2:898-905. [PMID: 35557765 PMCID: PMC9088296 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
As the complexity of polymer structure grows, so do the challenges for developing an accurate understanding of their structure-property relationships. Here, the synthesis of bottlebrush polymers with topologically precise and fully discrete structures is reported. A key feature of the strategy is the synthesis of discrete macromonomer libraries for their polymerization into topologically precise bottlebrushes that can be separated into discrete bottlebrushes (Đ = 1.0). As the system becomes more discrete, packing efficiency increases, distinct three-phase Langmuir-Blodgett isotherms are observed, and its glass transition temperature becomes responsive to side-chain sequence. Overall, this work presents a versatile strategy to access a range of precision bottlebrush polymers and unravels the impact of side-chain topology on their macroscopic properties. Precise control over side chains opens a pathway for tailoring polymer properties without changing their chemical makeup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nduka
D. Ogbonna
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Michael Dearman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Cheng-Ta Cho
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Bhuvnesh Bharti
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Andrew J. Peters
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana Tech
University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, United States
| | - Jimmy Lawrence
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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26
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Blosch SE, Alaboalirat M, Eades CB, Scannelli SJ, Matson JB. Solvent Effects in Grafting-through Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Blosch
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, Virginia, United States
| | - Mohammed Alaboalirat
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, Virginia, United States
| | - Cabell B. Eades
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, Virginia, United States
| | - Samantha J. Scannelli
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, Virginia, United States
| | - John B. Matson
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, Virginia, United States
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27
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Xu T, Zhou X, Han Y, Zhang L, Liu L, Huang T, Li C, Tang Z, Wan S, Chen T. Palladium-catalyzed stereo-selective three-component cis-1,2-arylalkynylation of bicyclic alkenes with aryltriflates and terminal alkynes. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Kim EJ, Shin JJ, Lee GS, Kim S, Park S, Park J, Choe Y, Lee D, Choi J, Bang J, Kim YH, Li S, Hur SM, Kim JG, Kim BJ. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Poly(vinylpyridine)-Containing Brush Block Copolymers: Combined Synthesis of Grafting-Through and Grafting-to Approaches. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeman J. Shin
- Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Gue Seon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Park
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhae Park
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute & School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeojin Choe
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute & School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoong Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Hur
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute & School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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29
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ROMP of norbornene and oxanorbornene derivatives with pendant fluorophore carbazole and coumarin groups. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Alaboalirat M, Vu C, Matson JB. Radical–radical coupling effects in the direct-growth grafting-through synthesis of bottlebrush polymers using RAFT and ROMP. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00794k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The direct-growth technique was used to synthesize macromonomers from four classes of vinyl monomers, and the influence of monomer type and conversion on coupling reactions was followed in grafting-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alaboalirat
- Department of Chemistry and, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, 1040 Drillfield Dr., Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Clark Vu
- Department of Chemistry and, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, 1040 Drillfield Dr., Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John B. Matson
- Department of Chemistry and, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, 1040 Drillfield Dr., Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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31
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Archer WR, Dinges GE, MacNicol PL, Schulz MD. Synthesis of bottlebrush polymers based on poly( N-sulfonyl aziridine) macromonomers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01125e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized bottlebrush polymers with polyaziridine brushes and a polynorbornene backbone by a grafting-through approach. The polyaziridine macromonomer aggregates in solution, but these aggregates disperse over the course of the polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Archer
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Grace E. Dinges
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Piper L. MacNicol
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Michael D. Schulz
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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32
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Kim KH, Nam J, Choi J, Seo M, Bang J. From macromonomers to bottlebrush copolymers with sequence control: synthesis, properties, and applications. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00126h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers (BBPs) are a type of comb-like macromolecules with densely grafted polymeric sidechains attached to the polymer backbones, and many intriguing properties and applications have been demonstrated due to...
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33
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Zografos A, Lynd NA, Bates FS, Hillmyer MA. Impact of Macromonomer Molar Mass and Feed Composition on Branch Distributions in Model Graft Copolymerizations. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1622-1628. [PMID: 35549140 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Graft polymers are useful in a versatile range of material applications. Understanding how changes to the grafted architecture, such as the grafting density (z), the side-chain degree of polymerization (Nsc), and the backbone degree of polymerization (Nbb), affect polymer properties is critical for accurately tuning material performance. For graft-through copolymerizations, changes to Nsc and z are controlled by the macromonomer degree of polymerization (NMM) and the initial fraction of the macromonomer in the feed (fMM0), respectively. We show that changes to these parameters can influence the copolymerization reactivity ratios and, in turn, impact the side-chain distribution along a graft polymer backbone. Poly((±)-lactide) macromonomers with NMM values as low as ca. 1 and as high as 72 were copolymerized with a small-molecule dimethyl ester norbornene comonomer over a range of fMM0 values (0.1 ≤ fMM0 ≤ 0.8) using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Monomer conversion was determined using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the data were fit with terminal and nonterminal copolymerization models. The results from this work provide essential information for manipulating Nsc and z while maintaining synthetic control over the side-chain distribution for graft-through copolymerizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotelis Zografos
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
| | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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34
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Alaboalirat M, Matson JB. Poly(β-Cyclodextrin) Prepared by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Enables Creation of Supramolecular Polymeric Networks. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1460-1466. [PMID: 35549146 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The controlled synthesis of polymers containing densely grafted cyclodextrin units has proven challenging due to the steric hindrance of these cyclic oligosaccharides. In this study, we report the controlled synthesis of poly(β-cyclodextrin) [poly(β-CD)] through ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) using Grubbs third-generation catalyst. Molecular weights of >105 g/mol were obtained with dispersity values (Đ) of ≤1.2. In aqueous solution, β-cyclodextrin forms a host-guest complex with adamantyl groups (Ad). These interactions were utilized to prepare supramolecular polymer networks (SPNs) made by adding poly(β-CD) to α,ω-adamantyl-functionalized poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (Ad-PHEA-Ad). These poly(β-CD)/Ad-PHEA-Ad SPNs were prepared in aqueous solution and then dried to make homogeneous, transparent films. Varying the ratios of the two components enabled structure-property studies via tensile measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alaboalirat
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - John B. Matson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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35
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Fei HF, Yavitt BM, Nuguri S, Yu YG, Watkins JJ. Ultrafast Self-Assembly of Bottlebrush Statistical Copolymers: Well-Ordered Nanostructures from One-Pot Polymerizations. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Feng Fei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Yavitt
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Sravya Nuguri
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yong-Guen Yu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - James J. Watkins
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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36
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Mei H, Mahalik JP, Lee D, Laws TS, Terlier T, Stein GE, Kumar R, Verduzco R. Understanding interfacial segregation in polymer blend films with random and mixed side chain bottlebrush copolymer additives. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9028-9039. [PMID: 34523659 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01146d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers are complex macromolecules with tunable physical properties dependent on the chemistry and architecture of both the side chains and the backbone. Prior work has demonstrated that bottlebrush polymer additives can be used to control the interfacial properties of blends with linear polymers but has not specifically addressed the effects of bottlebrush side chain microstructures. Here, using a combination of experiments and self-consistent field theory (SCFT) simulations, we investigated the effects of side chain microstructures by comparing the segregation of bottlebrush additives having random copolymer side chains with bottlebrush additives having a mixture of two different homopolymer side chain chemistries. Specifically, we synthesized bottlebrush polymers with either poly(styrene-ran-methyl methacrylate) side chains or with a mixture of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) side chains. The bottlebrush additives were matched in terms of PS and PMMA compositions, and they were blended with linear PS or PMMA chains that ranged in length from shorter to longer than the bottlebrush side chains. Experiments revealed similar behaviors of the two types of bottlebrushes, with a slight preference for mixed side-chain bottlebrushes at the film surface. SCFT simulations were qualitatively consistent with experimental observations, predicting only slight differences in the segregation of bottlebrush additives driven by side chain microstructures. Specifically, these slight differences were driven by the chemistries of the bottlebrush polymer joints and side chain end-groups, which were entropically repelled and attracted to interfaces, respectively. Using SCFT, we also demonstrated that the interfacial behaviors were dominated by entropic effects with high molecular weight linear polymers, leading to enrichment of bottlebrush near interfaces. Surprisingly, the SCFT simulations showed that the chemistry of the joints connecting the bottlebrush backbones and side chains played a more significant role compared with the side chain end groups in affecting differences in surface excess of bottlebrushes with random and mixed side chains. This work provides new insights into the effects of side chain microstructure on segregation of bottlebrush polymer additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Mei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| | - Jyoti P Mahalik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Dongjoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| | - Travis S Laws
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Tanguy Terlier
- SIMS Lab, Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Gila E Stein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
- Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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37
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Cushman K, Keith A, Tanaka J, Sheiko SS, You W. Investigating the Stress–Strain Behavior in Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization-Based Brush Elastomers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Cushman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andrew Keith
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joji Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sergei S. Sheiko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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38
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Fang A, Lin S, Ng FTT, Pan Q. Synthesis of core-shell bottlebrush polymers of poly(polycaprolactone-b-polyethylene glycol) via ring-opening metathesis polymerization. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2021.1969947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Fang
- Green Polymer and Catalysis Technology Laboratory (GPACT), College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shaohui Lin
- Green Polymer and Catalysis Technology Laboratory (GPACT), College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Flora T. T. Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qinmin Pan
- Green Polymer and Catalysis Technology Laboratory (GPACT), College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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39
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Dalal RJ, Kumar R, Ohnsorg M, Brown M, Reineke TM. Cationic Bottlebrush Polymers Outperform Linear Polycation Analogues for pDNA Delivery and Gene Expression. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:886-893. [PMID: 35549207 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polymer vehicles have emerged as promising platforms for nucleic acid delivery because of their scalability, biocompatibility, and chemical versatility. Advancements in synthetic polymer chemistry allow us to precisely tune chemical functionality with various macromolecular architectures to increase the efficacy of nonviral-based gene delivery. Herein, we demonstrate the first cationic bottlebrush polymer-mediated pDNA delivery by comparing unimolecular, synthetically defined bottlebrush polymers to their linear building blocks. We successfully synthesized poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (pDMAEMA) bottlebrushes through ring-opening metathesis polymerization to afford four bottlebrush polymers with systematic increases in backbone degree of polymerization (Nbb = 13, 20, 26, and 37), while keeping the side-chain degree of polymerization constant (Nsc = 57). Physical and chemical properties were characterized, and subsequently, the toxicity and delivery efficiency of pDNA into HEK293 cells were evaluated. The bottlebrush-pDNA complex (bottleplex) with the highest Nbb, BB_37, displayed up to a 60-fold increase in %EGFP+ cells in comparison to linear macromonomer. Additionally, we observed a trend of increasing EGFP expression with increasing polymer molecular weight. Bottleplexes and polyplexes both displayed high pDNA internalization as measured via payload enumeration per cell; however, quantitative confocal analysis revealed that bottlebrushes were able to shuttle pDNA into and around the nucleus more successfully than pDNA delivered via linear analogues. Overall, a canonical cationic monomer, such as DMAEMA, synthesized in the form of cationic bottlebrush polymers proved to be far more efficient in functional pDNA delivery and expression than linear pDMAEMA. This work underscores the importance of architectural modifications and the potential of bottlebrushes to serve as effective biomacromolecule delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishad J. Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Monica Ohnsorg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mary Brown
- University Imaging Centers, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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41
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Wang M, Xu Z, Shi Y, Cai F, Qiu J, Yang G, Hua Z, Chen T. TEMPO-Functionalized Nanoreactors from Bottlebrush Copolymers for the Selective Oxidation of Alcohols in Water. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8027-8035. [PMID: 34105963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoreactors in water fabricated by the self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymers have attracted much attention due to their good catalytic performance without using organic solvents. However, the disassembly and instability of relevant nanostructures often compromise their potential applicability. Herein, the preparation of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-containing nanoreactors by the self-assembly of amphiphilic bottlebrush copolymers has been demonstrated. First, a macromonomer having a norbornenyl polymerizable group was prepared by RAFT polymerization of hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers. The macromonomer was further subjected to ring-opening metathesis polymerization to produce an amphiphilic bottlebrush copolymer. Further, TEMPO, as a catalyst, was introduced into the hydrophobic block through the activated ester strategy. Finally, TEMPO-functionalized polymeric nanoreactors were successfully obtained by self-assembly in water. The nanoreactors exhibited excellent catalytic activities in selective oxidation of alcohols in water. More importantly, the reaction kinetics showed that the turnover frequency is greatly increased compared to that of the similar nanoreactor prepared from liner copolymers under the same conditions. The outstanding catalytic activities of the nanoreactors from bottlebrush copolymers could be attributed to the more stable micellar structure using the substrate concentration effect. This work presents a new strategy to fabricate stable nanoreactors, paving the way for highly efficient organic reactions in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education; Eco-Dyeing and Finishing Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education; National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhenkai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education; Eco-Dyeing and Finishing Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education; National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education; Eco-Dyeing and Finishing Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education; National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.,Zhejiang Cady Industry Co., Ltd., Industrial Garden Lianshi Town, Huzhou 313013, China
| | - Fang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education; Eco-Dyeing and Finishing Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education; National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.,Zhejiang Cady Industry Co., Ltd., Industrial Garden Lianshi Town, Huzhou 313013, China
| | - Jiaqi Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education; Eco-Dyeing and Finishing Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education; National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zan Hua
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education; Eco-Dyeing and Finishing Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education; National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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42
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43
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Gegenhuber T, Müllner M. Molecular Polymer Brushes Made via Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization from Cleavable RAFT Macromonomers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gegenhuber
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano) Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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44
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Nicolas C, Huang J, Richaud E, Minne W, Drozdzak R, Recher G, Fontaine L, Montembault V. ROMP of novel hindered phenol-functionalized norbornenes and preliminary evaluation as stabilizing agents†. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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45
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Kim EJ, Shin JJ, Do T, Lee GS, Park J, Thapar V, Choi J, Bang J, Yi GR, Hur SM, Kim JG, Kim BJ. Molecular Weight Dependent Morphological Transitions of Bottlebrush Block Copolymer Particles: Experiments and Simulations. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5513-5522. [PMID: 33591730 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The molecular weights and chain rigidities of block copolymers can strongly influence their self-assembly behavior, particularly when the block copolymers are under confinement. We investigate the self-assembly of bottlebrush block copolymers (BBCPs) confined in evaporative emulsions with varying molecular weights. A series of symmetric BBCPs, where polystyrene (PS) and polylactide (PLA) side-chains are grafted onto a polynorbornene (PNB) backbone, are synthesized with varying degrees of polymerization of the PNB (NPNB) ranging from 100 to 300. Morphological transitions from onion-like concentric particles to striped ellipsoids occur as the NPNB of the BBCP increases above 200, which is also predicted from coarse-grained simulations of BBCP-containing droplets by an implicit solvent model. This transition is understood by the combined effects of (i) an elevated entropic penalty associated with bending lamella domains of large molecular weight BBCP particles and (ii) the favorable parallel alignment of the backbone chains at the free surface. Furthermore, the morphological evolutions of onion-like and ellipsoidal particles are compared. Unlike the onion-like BBCP particles, ellipsoidal BBCP particles are formed by the axial development of ring-like lamella domains on the particle surface, followed by the radial propagation into the particle center. Finally, the shape anisotropies of the ellipsoidal BBCP particles are analyzed as a function of particle size. These BBCP particles demonstrate promising potential for various applications that require tunable rheological, optical, and responsive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeman J Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyang Do
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Gue Seon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhae Park
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute & School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Vikarm Thapar
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute & School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoong Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ra Yi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Hur
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute & School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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46
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Ohnsorg ML, Prendergast PC, Robinson LL, Bockman MR, Bates FS, Reineke TM. Bottlebrush Polymer Excipients Enhance Drug Solubility: Influence of End-Group Hydrophilicity and Thermoresponsiveness. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:375-381. [PMID: 35549060 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers have great potential as vehicles to noncovalently sequester, stabilize, and deliver hydrophobic small molecule actives. To this end, we synthesized a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-stat-N,N-dimethylacrylamide) bottlebrush copolymer using ring-opening metathesis polymerization and developed a facile method to control the thermoresponsive properties using postpolymerization modification. Six increasingly hydrophilic end-groups were installed, yielding cloud point temperature control over a range of 22-42 °C. Solubility enhancement of the antiseizure medication, phenytoin, increased significantly with the hydrophilicity of the end-group moiety. Notably, carboxylated bottlebrush copolymers solubilized formulations with higher drug loadings than linear copolymers because they exist as unimolecular nanoparticles with a synthetically defined density of polymer chains that are more stable in solution. This work provides the first investigation of bottlebrush polymers for hydrophobic noncovalent sequestration and solubilization of pharmaceuticals.
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47
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Barther D, Moatsou D. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Norbornene-Based Monomers Obtained via the Passerini Three Component Reaction. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100027. [PMID: 33644929 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization is a robust method to synthesize a variety of polymers by using ring-strained molecules as monomers, e.g., norbornenes. However, the synthesis of monomers with multiple functional groups remains a challenge, albeit peptide functional norbornenes have previously been used. Here, the Passerini three component reaction is exploited to synthesize norbornenes with two variable functional groups varying in bulkiness and distance from the polymerizable alkene. The results indicate that the functional groups do not affect the kinetics of the polymerization, whereas the length of the linker has a minor effect. Furthermore, a diblock-type copolymer is synthesized in a one-pot fashion, also indicating good control of the polymerization process. The thermal properties of all polymers are evaluated, highlighting the effect of monomer composition. This synthetic approach can be transferred to a variety of compounds, thus promising highly diverse polymers with complex compositions and architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Barther
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Dafni Moatsou
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
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Yamauchi Y, Horimoto NN, Yamada K, Matsushita Y, Takeuchi M, Ishida Y. Two‐Step Divergent Synthesis of Monodisperse and Ultra‐Long Bottlebrush Polymers from an Easily Purifiable ROMP Monomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Yamauchi
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba 305-0047 Japan
| | | | - Kuniyo Yamada
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Matsushita
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba 305-0047 Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba 305-0047 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishida
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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Yamauchi Y, Horimoto NN, Yamada K, Matsushita Y, Takeuchi M, Ishida Y. Two-Step Divergent Synthesis of Monodisperse and Ultra-Long Bottlebrush Polymers from an Easily Purifiable ROMP Monomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1528-1534. [PMID: 33058482 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The longest bottlebrush polymers reported so far (up to 7 μm in length) were synthesized in two steps from a norbornene derivative bearing two 2-bromoisobutylate moieties (NB). The key to this achievement is the excellent reactivity of NB in ring opening metathesis polymerization, which proceeded in a well-controlled manner with quantitative conversion of NB for monomer-initiator ratios ranging up to 10,000. The resultant polymer derived from NB was readily converted to various bottlebrush polymers in a divergent synthetic route by grafting vinyl monomers from the 2-bromoisobutylate units in NB via atom transfer radical polymerization. The structure of the ultra-long bottlebrush polymer was directly observed using atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Yamauchi
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan
| | | | - Kuniyo Yamada
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Matsushita
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishida
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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Boyle BM, Collins JL, Mensch TE, Ryan MD, Newell BS, Miyake GM. Impact of Backbone Composition on Homopolymer Dynamics and Brush Block Copolymer Self-Assembly. Polym Chem 2020; 11:7147-7158. [PMID: 33456502 PMCID: PMC7805478 DOI: 10.1039/d0py01007c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four series of brush block copolymers (BBCP), with near identical side chain compositions but varying backbone structures, were synthesized to investigate the effect of backbone structure on the process of thermal BBCP self-assembly to photonic crystals (PCs). Each of the self-assembled PC films were examined by reflection measurements, small angle X-ray scattering measurements, and scanning electron microscopy to compare the resulting properties of the polymeric photonic crystal and the nanostructured morphology impacted by the backbone structure. It was found that the composition of the brush backbone within a BBCP has a dramatic effect on the ability of the BBCP to self-assemble into ordered nanostructures and on the local ordering of the nanostructure morphology accessed with higher molecular weight (MW) BBCPs (> 1,500 kg/mol). BBCPs with a norbornene imide-based backbone were able to thermally self-assemble to longer wavelength reflecting PCs and had higher fidelity ordering of lamellar nanostructures with higher MW polymers. By analyzing the melt rheological responses of the backbone compositions, both as linear polymers and homobrush polymers, it was concluded that the inherent fragility of the backbone promotes enhanced local ordering in the lamellar nanostructure morphology as well as access to larger domain sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret M. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Joseph L. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Tara E. Mensch
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Matthew D. Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Brian S. Newell
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Garret M. Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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