1
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Tian D, Shi W, Sun X, Zhao X, Yin Y, Jiang Z. Catalytic asymmetric [4 + 2] dearomative photocycloadditions of anthracene and its derivatives with alkenylazaarenes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4563. [PMID: 38811663 PMCID: PMC11137010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Photocatalysis through energy transfer has been investigated for the facilitation of [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions. However, the high reactivity of radical species poses a challenging obstacle to achieving enantiocontrol with chiral catalysts, as no enantioselective examples have been reported thus far. Here, we present the development of catalytic asymmetric [4 + 2] dearomative photocycloaddition involving anthracene and its derivatives with alkenylazaarenes. This accomplishment is achieved by utilizing a cooperative photosensitizer and chiral Brønsted acid catalysis platform. Importantly, this process enables the activation of anthracene substrates through energy transfer from triplet DPZ, thereby initiating a precise and stereoselective sequential transformation. The significance of our work is highlighted by the synthesis of a diverse range of pharmaceutical valuable cycloadducts incorporating attractive azaarenes, all obtained with high yields, ees, and drs. The broad substrate scope is further underscored by successful construction of all-carbon quaternary stereocenters and diverse adjacent stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Wenshuo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, P. R. China.
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, P. R. China.
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2
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Shimose A, Ishigaki S, Sato Y, Nogami J, Toriumi N, Uchiyama M, Tanaka K, Nagashima Y. Dearomative Construction of 2D/3D Frameworks from Quinolines via Nucleophilic Addition/Borate-Mediated Photocycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202403461. [PMID: 38803130 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Dearomative construction of multiply-fused 2D/3D frameworks, composed of aromatic two-dimensional (2D) rings and saturated three-dimensional (3D) rings, from readily available quinolines has greatly contributed to drug discovery. However, dearomative cycloadditions of quinolines in the presence of photocatalysts usually afford 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ)-based polycycles, and dearomative access to 1,2,3,4-THQ-based structures remains limited. Herein, we present a chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective dearomative transformation of quinolines into 1,2,3,4-THQ-based 6-6-4-membered rings without any catalyst, through a combination of nucleophilic addition and borate-mediated [2+2] photocycloaddition. Detailed mechanistic studies revealed that the photoexcited borate complex, generated from quinoline, organolithium, and HB(pin), accelerates the cycloaddition and suppresses the rearomatization that usually occurs in conventional photocycloaddition. Based on our mechanistic analysis, we also developed further photoinduced cycloadditions affording other types of 2D/3D frameworks from isoquinoline and phenanthrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuha Shimose
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shiho Ishigaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Toriumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Schlosser L, Rana D, Pflüger P, Katzenburg F, Glorius F. EnTdecker - A Machine Learning-Based Platform for Guiding Substrate Discovery in Energy Transfer Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13266-13275. [PMID: 38695558 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Due to the magnitude of chemical space, the discovery of novel substrates in energy transfer (EnT) catalysis remains a daunting task. Experimental and computational strategies to identify compounds that successfully undergo EnT-mediated reactions are limited by their time and cost efficiency. To accelerate the discovery process in EnT catalysis, we herein present the EnTdecker platform, which facilitates the large-scale virtual screening of potential substrates using machine-learning (ML) based predictions of their excited state properties. To achieve this, a data set is created containing more than 34,000 molecules aiming to cover a vast fraction of synthetically relevant compound space for EnT catalysis. Using this data predictive models are trained, and their aptitude for an in-lab application is demonstrated by rediscovering successful substrates from literature as well as experimental validation through luminescence-based screening. By reducing the computational effort needed to obtain excited state properties, the EnTdecker platform represents a tool to efficiently guide substrate selection and increase the experimental success rate for EnT catalysis. Moreover, through an easy-to-use web application, EnTdecker is made publicly accessible under entdecker.uni-muenster.de.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Schlosser
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Debanjan Rana
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Pflüger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Katzenburg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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4
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Kushnarenko A, Zabelina A, Guselnikova O, Miliutina E, Vokatá B, Zabelin D, Burtsev V, Valiev R, Kolska Z, Paidar M, Sykora V, Postnikov P, Svorcik V, Lyutakov O. Merging gold plasmonic nanoparticles and L-proline inside a MOF for plasmon-induced visible light chiral organocatalysis at low temperature. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5313-5322. [PMID: 38372626 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04707e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Light-driven asymmetric photocatalysis represents a straightforward approach in modern organic chemistry. In comparison to the homogeneous one, heterogeneous asymmetric photocatalysis has the advantages of easy catalyst separation, recovery, and reuse, thus being cost- and time-effective. Here, we demonstrate how plasmon-active centers (gold nanoparticles - AuNPs) allow visible light triggering of chiral catalyst (proline) in model aldol reaction between acetone and benzaldehyde. The metal-organic framework UiO-66-NH2 was used as an advanced host platform for the loading of proline and AuNPs and their stabilization in spatial proximity. Aldol reactions were carried out at a low temperature (-20 °C) under light illumination which resulted in 91% ee with a closed-to-quantitative yield, 4.5 times higher than that without light (i.e. in the absence of plasmon triggering). A set of control experiments and quantum chemical modeling revealed that the plasmon assistance proceeds through hot electron excitation followed by an interaction with an enamine with the formation of anion radical species. We also demonstrated the high stability of the proposed system in multiple catalytic cycles without leaching metal ions, which makes our approach especially promising for heterogeneous asymmetric photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kushnarenko
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - A Zabelina
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - O Guselnikova
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russian Federation.
| | - E Miliutina
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - B Vokatá
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - D Zabelin
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - V Burtsev
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - R Valiev
- Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Z Kolska
- Centre for Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, J. E. Purkyne University, 40096 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - M Paidar
- Department of Inorganic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Sykora
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Postnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russian Federation.
| | - V Svorcik
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - O Lyutakov
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
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5
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Dam D, Lagerweij NR, Janmaat KM, Kok K, Bouwman E, Codée JDC. Organic Dye-Sensitized Nitrene Generation: Intermolecular Aziridination of Unactivated Alkenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3251-3258. [PMID: 38358354 PMCID: PMC10913034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Aziridines are important structural motifs and intermediates, and several synthetic strategies for the direct aziridination of alkenes have been introduced. However, many of these strategies require an excess of activated alkene, suffer from competing side-reactions, have limited functional group tolerance, or involve precious transition metal-based catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate the direct aziridination of alkenes by combining sulfonyl azides as a triplet nitrene source with a catalytic amount of an organic dye functioning as photosensitizer. We show how the nature of the sulfonyl azide, in combination with the triplet-excited state energy of the photosensitizer, affects the aziridination yield and provide a mechanistic rationale to account for the observed dependence of the reaction yield on the nature of the organic dye and sulfonyl azide reagents. The optimized reaction conditions enable the aziridination of structurally diverse and complex alkenes, carrying various functional groups, with the alkene as the limiting reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Dam
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit
Leiden, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Nathan R. Lagerweij
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit
Leiden, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina M. Janmaat
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit
Leiden, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Kok
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit
Leiden, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Bouwman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit
Leiden, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit
Leiden, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
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6
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Dutta S, Erchinger JE, Strieth-Kalthoff F, Kleinmans R, Glorius F. Energy transfer photocatalysis: exciting modes of reactivity. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1068-1089. [PMID: 38168974 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Excited (triplet) states offer a myriad of attractive synthetic pathways, including cycloadditions, selective homolytic bond cleavages and strain-release chemistry, isomerizations, deracemizations, or the fusion with metal catalysis. Recent years have seen enormous advantages in enabling these reactivity modes through visible-light-mediated triplet-triplet energy transfer catalysis (TTEnT). This tutorial review provides an overview of this emerging strategy for synthesizing sought-after organic motifs in a mild, selective, and sustainable manner. Building on the photophysical foundations of energy transfer, this review also discusses catalyst design, as well as the challenges and opportunities of energy transfer catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Dutta
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Johannes E Erchinger
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Felix Strieth-Kalthoff
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Roman Kleinmans
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Frank Glorius
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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7
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Ahuja S, Baburaj S, Valloli LK, Rakhimov SA, Manal K, Kushwaha A, Jockusch S, Forbes MDE, Sivaguru J. Photochemical [2+4]-Dimerization Reaction from the Excited State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316662. [PMID: 38059768 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Aryl-maleimides undergo a novel [2+4]-photodimerization instead of the expected [2+2]-photodimerization under both direct irradiation with visible light and under sensitized energy transfer conditions. This new excited state reactivity in aryl-maleimides is deciphered through photochemical, photophysical, and spectroscopic studies. The stereochemistry of the photodimer depends on the type of non-bonding interactions prevalent during photodimerization which is in turn dictated by the substituents on the maleimide ring. More importantly, the stereochemistry of the photodimer formed is complementary to the product observed under thermal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Ahuja
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
- Current address, Research way, Clayton, Manufacturing, CSIRO, 3168, VIC, Australia
| | - Sruthy Baburaj
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Lakshmy Kannadi Valloli
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Sarvar Aminovich Rakhimov
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Kavyasree Manal
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Aakrati Kushwaha
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Steffen Jockusch
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Malcolm D E Forbes
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Jayaraman Sivaguru
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
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8
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Hai H, Qin S, Zhang Y, Liu W, Feng J, Guo H, Kühn FE, Liu Y. Visible Light-Induced Regioselective Intermolecular [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition of Alkyne and 2(1 H)-Quinolone Derivatives. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38190649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a visible light-induced intermolecular [2 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction between alkenes and alkynes using thioxanthone and Cu(OTf)2 as cocatalysts. Various quinolin-2(1H)-ones, featuring diverse substituted groups, were successfully employed in this reaction, resulting in the synthesis of a series of 4,8b-dihydrocyclobuta[c]quinolin-3(2aH)-ones. Our methodology presents a novel synthetic approach for alkene-alkyne [2 + 2]-cycloaddition, delivering cyclobutene derivatives with exceptional regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hai
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Shaoheng Qin
- Molecular Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Yanzhi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center/Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Wangsheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jin Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Hao Guo
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Molecular Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center/Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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9
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Huo SC, Indurmuddam RR, Hong BC, Lu CF, Chien SY. The hamburger-shape photocatalyst: thioxanthone-based chiral [2.2]paracyclophane for enantioselective visible-light photocatalysis of 3-methylquinoxalin-2(1 H)-one and styrenes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9330-9336. [PMID: 37987508 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01580g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A new thioxanthone-based photocatalyst with a [2.2]paracyclophane skeleton and planar chirality has been developed. The catalyst has been successfully applied in the visible light-mediated enantioselective aza Paternò-Büchi reactions of quinoxalinone and styrenes to produce azetidines. The structures of the catalyst derivatives were unequivocally determined by their single crystal X-ray crystallography analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chih Huo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | | | - Bor-Cherng Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Fu Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Ying Chien
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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10
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Liu Y, Brown MK. Photosensitized [2 + 2]-Cycloadditions of Dioxaborole: Reactivity Enabled by Boron Ring Constraint Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25061-25067. [PMID: 37939224 PMCID: PMC11041673 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
A strategy to achieve photosensitized [2 + 2] cycloadditions by means of temporary ring constraint is reported. Specifically, a dioxaborole is prepared that undergoes [2 + 2] cycloadditions with a wide variety of alkenes. This strategy overcomes some challenges with the cycloaddition of acyclic substrates. The products can be easily transformed into cyclobutyl diols or 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds; the latter represents a formal alkene vicinal diacylation. The synthetic utility of this method is shown in the synthesis of valuable heterocycles and biatriosporin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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11
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Chang R, Pang Y, Ye J. Divergent Photosensitizer Controlled Reactions of 4-Hydroxycoumarins and Unactivated Olefins: Hydroarylation and Subsequent [2+2] Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309897. [PMID: 37749064 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a photoinduced approach for hydroarylation of unactivated olefins using 4-hydroxycoumarins as the arylating reagent. Key to the success of this reaction is the conversion of nucleophilic 4-hydroxycoumarins into electrophilic carbon radicals via photocatalytic arene oxidation, which not only circumvents the polarity-mismatch issue encountered under ionic conditions but also accommodates a broad substrate scope and inhibits side reactions that were previously observed. Moreover, divergent reactivity was achieved by changing the photocatalyst, enabling a subsequent [2+2] cycloaddition to deliver cyclobutane-fused pentacyclic products that are otherwise challenging to access in high yields and with high diastereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies have elucidated the mechanism of the reactions and the origin of the divergent reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yubing Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Juntao Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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12
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de Robichon M, Kratz T, Beyer F, Zuber J, Merten C, Bach T. Enantioselective, Intermolecular [ π2+ σ2] Photocycloaddition Reactions of 2(1 H)-Quinolones and Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37917070 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
1-Substituted bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes add enantioselectively to 2(1H)-quinolones upon irradiation (λ = 366 nm) in the presence of a chiral complexing agent. A two-point hydrogen bond between the quinolone and the template is responsible for stereocontrol in the photocycloaddition reaction. The reaction leads to the formation of products with a chiral bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane skeleton in high enantiomeric excess (91-99% ee). The chiral template can be almost quantitatively (97%) recovered and used in another reaction. A triplet reaction pathway is likely, and sensitization is a suitable tool if the reaction is to be performed with visible light (λ = 420 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane de Robichon
- School of Natural Sciences, Department Chemie, and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thilo Kratz
- School of Natural Sciences, Department Chemie, and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Frederike Beyer
- Organische Chemie II, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Zuber
- School of Natural Sciences, Department Chemie, and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Merten
- Organische Chemie II, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- School of Natural Sciences, Department Chemie, and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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13
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Yang P, Wang RX, Huang XL, Cheng YZ, You SL. Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclobutane Derivatives via Cascade Asymmetric Allylic Etherification/[2 + 2] Photocycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21752-21759. [PMID: 37768553 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Chiral cyclobutane presents as a popular motif in natural products and biologically active molecules, and its derivatives have been extensively used as key synthons in organic synthesis. Herein, we report an efficient synthetic method toward enantioenriched cyclobutane derivatives. The reaction proceeds in a cascade fashion involving Ir-catalyzed asymmetric allylic etherification and visible-light induced [2 + 2] cycloaddition. Readily available branched allyl acetates and cinnamyl alcohols are directly used as the substrates under mild reaction conditions, providing a broad range of chiral cyclobutanes in good yields with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to 12:1 dr, >99% ee). It is worth noting that all substrates and catalysts were simultaneously added without any separated step in this approach. The gram-scale reaction and diverse transformations of product further enhance the potential utility of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pusu Yang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui-Xiang Wang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xu-Lun Huang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Cheng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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14
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Onneken C, Morack T, Soika J, Sokolova O, Niemeyer N, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Daniliuc CG, Neugebauer J, Gilmour R. Light-enabled deracemization of cyclopropanes by Al-salen photocatalysis. Nature 2023; 621:753-759. [PMID: 37612509 PMCID: PMC10533403 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Privileged chiral catalysts-those that share common structural features and are enantioselective across a range of reactions-continue to transform the chemical-research landscape1. In recent years, new reactivity modes have been achieved through excited-state catalysis, processes activated by light, but it is unclear if the selectivity of ground-state privileged catalysts can be matched. Although the interception of photogenerated intermediates by ground-state cycles has partially addressed this challenge2, single, chiral photocatalysts that simultaneously regulate reactivity and selectivity are conspicuously scarce3. So far, precision donor-acceptor recognition motifs remain crucial in enantioselective photocatalyst design4. Here we show that chiral Al-salen complexes, which have well-defined photophysical properties, can be used for the efficient photochemical deracemization5 of cyclopropyl ketones (up to 98:2 enantiomeric ratio (e.r.)). Irradiation at λ = 400 nm (violet light) augments the reactivity of the commercial catalyst to enable reactivity and enantioselectivity to be regulated simultaneously. This circumvents the need for tailored catalyst-substrate recognition motifs. It is predicted that this study will stimulate a re-evaluation of many venerable (ground-state) chiral catalysts in excited-state processes, ultimately leading to the identification of candidates that may be considered 'privileged' in both reactivity models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Onneken
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Morack
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia Soika
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Olga Sokolova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Niklas Niemeyer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany.
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15
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Ohmura S, Katagiri K, Kato H, Horibe T, Miyakawa S, Hasegawa JY, Ishihara K. Highly Enantioselective Radical Cation [2 + 2] and [4 + 2] Cycloadditions by Chiral Iron(III) Photoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37406156 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Radical cations show a unique reactivity that is fundamentally different from that of conventional cations and have thus attracted considerable attention as alternative cationic intermediates for novel types of organic reactions. However, asymmetric catalysis to promote enantioselective radical cation reactions remains a major challenge in contemporary organic synthesis. Here, we report that the judicious design of an ion pair consisting of a radical cation and a chiral counteranion induces an excellent level of enantioselectivity. This strategy was applied to enantio-, diastereo-, and regioselective [2 + 2] cycloadditions, as well as enantio-, diastereo-, and regioselective [4 + 2] cycloadditions, by using chiral iron(III) photoredox catalysis. We anticipate that this strategy has the potential to expand the use of several mature chiral anions to develop numerous unprecedented enantioselective radical cation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Ohmura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, B2-3(611) Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kei Katagiri
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, B2-3(611) Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Haruna Kato
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, B2-3(611) Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Horibe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, B2-3(611) Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Sho Miyakawa
- Section of Theoretical Catalytic Chemistry, Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jun-Ya Hasegawa
- Section of Theoretical Catalytic Chemistry, Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, B2-3(611) Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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16
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Lee W, Koo Y, Jung H, Chang S, Hong S. Energy-transfer-induced [3+2] cycloadditions of N-N pyridinium ylides. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01258-2. [PMID: 37365339 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Photocycloaddition is a powerful reaction to enable the conversion of alkenes into high-value synthetic materials that are normally difficult to obtain under thermal conditions. Lactams and pyridines, both prominent in pharmaceutical applications, currently lack effective synthetic strategies to combine them within a single molecular structure. Here we describe an efficient approach to diastereoselective pyridyl lactamization via a photoinduced [3+2] cycloaddition, based on the unique triplet-state reactivity of N-N pyridinium ylides in the presence of a photosensitizer. The corresponding triplet diradical intermediates allow the stepwise radical [3+2] cycloaddition with a broad range of activated and unactivated alkenes under mild conditions. This method exhibits excellent efficiency, diastereoselectivity and functional group tolerance, providing a useful synthon for ortho-pyridyl γ- and δ-lactam scaffolds with syn-configuration in a single step. Combined experimental and computational studies reveal that the energy transfer process leads to a triplet-state diradical of N-N pyridinium ylides, which promotes the stepwise cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yejin Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hoimin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea.
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17
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Yang W, Chen Y, Mei M, Li W, Wang C, Yang Y, Liang J, Guo Z, Wu L, Chen X. Synergetic argentophilic and through space electronic interactions in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal photocycloaddition reaction: a mechanistic study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:12783-12790. [PMID: 37128988 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00838j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ag(I) is able to mediate single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation through [2+2] photocycloaddition to prepare high-conductivity materials. However, the intrinsic mechanism of Ag(I) mediation, the detailed photophysical and photochemical processes as well as the origin of the enhanced conductivity of nanocrystals are still unclear. In this work, the comprehensive kinetic scheme and regulation mechanism are established by the accurate QM/MM calculations at the CASPT2//CASSCF/AMBER level of theory with consideration of the crystal environment. We find that the argentophilic interaction and through space electronic interaction are the key factors that promote Ag(I)-mediated [2+2] PCA reactions and may account for the enhancement of conductivity. These mechanistic insights into the Ag(I)-regulated photo-dimerization in the crystal surrounding are beneficial for the design of the structurally and electrically favorable skeletons of a metal-organic coordination polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, P. R. China.
| | - Yonglin Chen
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, P. R. China.
| | - Min Mei
- College of Science, Hunan College for Preschool Education, Changde, Hunan, 415000, P. R. China
| | - Weijia Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Chu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Yanting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Guo
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, P. R. China.
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Laboratory of Beam Technology and Energy Materials, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, P. R. China.
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
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18
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Li MX, Yan BC, Zhou M, Li XR, Li XN, He SJ, Sun HD, Puno PT. Cyclobutane-Containing Meroditerpenoids, (+)-Isoscopariusins B and C: Structure Elucidation and Biomimetic Synthesis. Org Lett 2023; 25:2981-2985. [PMID: 37083455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
(+)-Isoscopariusins B (1) and C (2), two meroditerpenoids containing a 6/6/4 tricyclic carbon skeleton and seven continuous stereocenters, were identified from Isodon scoparius. The structures were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and concise biomimetic syntheses from readily available alkene 5 in seven and six steps, respectively. An intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition with cooperative catalysis of a Lewis acid and an Ir photocatalyst was used to construct a cyclobutane core with four stereogenic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing-Chao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xing-Ren Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shi-Jun He
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Han-Dong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Pema-Tenzin Puno
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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19
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Medici F, Puglisi A, Rossi S, Raimondi L, Benaglia M. Stereoselective [2 + 2] photodimerization: a viable strategy for the synthesis of enantiopure cyclobutane derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2899-2904. [PMID: 36939196 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00232b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The [2 + 2] photodimerization of cinnamic acid derivatives to afford enantiopure cyclobutanes has been investigated. The use of a chiral auxiliary represents a convenient and straightforward method to exert enantiocontrol on the reaction. By exploiting Evans oxazolidinones, the stereoselective light-driven cyclisation affords a functionalised cyclobutane ring with up to 99% enantiocontrol after removing the chiral auxiliary. In-flow experiments allowed us to improve further the efficiency of the methodology, leading to high conversion and excellent enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Medici
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi, 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Puglisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi, 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi, 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi, 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Benaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi, 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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20
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Zhen G, Zeng G, Jiang K, Wang F, Cao X, Yin B. Visible-Light-Induced Diradical-Mediated ipso-Cyclization towards Double Dearomative [2+2]-Cycloaddition or Smiles-Type Rearrangement. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203217. [PMID: 36460618 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
When mono-radical ipso-cyclization of aryl sulfonamides tend to undergo Smiles-type rearrangement through aromatization-driven C-S bond cleavage, diradical-mediated cyclization must perform in a distinct reaction pathway. It is interesting meanwhile challenging to tune the rate of C-S bond cleavage to achieve a chemically divergent reaction of (hetero) aryl sulfonamides in a visible-light induced energy transfer (EnT) reaction pathway involving diradical species. Herein a chemically divergent reaction based on the designed indole-tethered (hetero)arylsulfonamides is reported which involves a diradical-mediated ipso-cyclization and a controllable cleavage of an inherent C-S bond. The combined experimental and computational results have revealed that the cleavage of the C-S bond in these substrates can be controlled by tuning the heteroaryl moieties: a) If the (hetero)aryl is thienyl, furyl, phenanthryl, etc., the radical coupling of double dearomative diradicals (DDDR) precedes over C-S bond cleavage to afford cyclobutene fused indolines by double dearomative [2+2]-cycloaddition; b) if the (hetero)aryl is phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, indolyl etc., the cleavage of C-S bond in DDDR is favored over radical coupling to afford biaryl products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Guohui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Furong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Biaolin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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21
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Su Z, Wang S. Construction of 4-Acyl-2-quinolones through Sc(OTf) 3-Catalyzed Ring-Closing Alkyne-Carbonyl Metathesis. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16873-16881. [PMID: 36413958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An atom-economical protocol to construct densely substituted 4-acyl-2-quinolones from N-(2-alkynylphenyl)-α-ketoamides has been developed through Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed ring-closing alkyne-carbonyl metathesis. Mechanistic experimental studies support that coordinative interaction between Sc(OTf))3 and the substrate, the formation of an oxetene intermediate, and an electrocyclic ring-opening of the oxetene might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaozhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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22
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Yakubov S, Stockerl WJ, Tian X, Shahin A, Mandigma MJP, Gschwind RM, Barham JP. Benzoates as photosensitization catalysts and auxiliaries in efficient, practical, light-powered direct C(sp 3)-H fluorinations. Chem Sci 2022; 13:14041-14051. [PMID: 36540818 PMCID: PMC9728569 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05735b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Of the methods for direct fluorination of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds, photosensitization of SelectFluor is a promising approach. Although many substrates can be activated with photosensitizing catalysts, issues remain that hamper fluorination of complex molecules. Alcohol- or amine-containing functional groups are not tolerated, fluorination regioselectivity follows factors endogenous to the substrate and cannot be influenced by the catalyst, and reactions are highly air-sensitive. We report that benzoyl groups serve as highly efficient photosensitizers which, in combination with SelectFluor, enable visible light-powered direct fluorination of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds. Compared to previous photosensitizer architectures, the benzoyls have versatility to function both (i) as a photosensitizing catalyst for simple substrate fluorinations and (ii) as photosensitizing auxiliaries for complex molecule fluorinations that are easily installed and removed without compromising yield. Our auxiliary approach (i) substantially decreases the reaction's induction period, (ii) enables C(sp3)-H fluorination of many substrates that fail under catalytic conditions, (iii) increases kinetic reproducibility, and (iv) promotes reactions to higher yields, in shorter times, on multigram scales, and even under air. Observations and mechanistic studies suggest an intimate 'assembly' of auxiliary and SelectFluor prior/after photoexcitation. The auxiliary allows other EnT photochemistry under air. Examples show how auxiliary placement proximally directs regioselectivity, where previous methods are substrate-directed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahboz Yakubov
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Willibald J Stockerl
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Xianhai Tian
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Ahmed Shahin
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University 13518 Benha Egypt
| | - Mark John P Mandigma
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Ruth M Gschwind
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Joshua P Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
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23
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Verma R, Jindal P, Prasad J, Kothari SL, Lamba NP, Dandia A, Khangarot RK, Chauhan MS. Recent Trends in Photocatalytic Enantioselective Reactions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:48. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Trimble JS, Crawshaw R, Hardy FJ, Levy CW, Brown MJB, Fuerst DE, Heyes DJ, Obexer R, Green AP. A designed photoenzyme for enantioselective [2+2] cycloadditions. Nature 2022; 611:709-714. [PMID: 36130727 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ability to program new modes of catalysis into proteins would allow the development of enzyme families with functions beyond those found in nature. To this end, genetic code expansion methodology holds particular promise, as it allows the site-selective introduction of new functional elements into proteins as noncanonical amino acid side chains1-4. Here we exploit an expanded genetic code to develop a photoenzyme that operates by means of triplet energy transfer (EnT) catalysis, a versatile mode of reactivity in organic synthesis that is not accessible to biocatalysis at present5-12. Installation of a genetically encoded photosensitizer into the beta-propeller scaffold of DA_20_00 (ref. 13) converts a de novo Diels-Alderase into a photoenzyme for [2+2] cycloadditions (EnT1.0). Subsequent development and implementation of a platform for photoenzyme evolution afforded an efficient and enantioselective enzyme (EnT1.3, up to 99% enantiomeric excess (e.e.)) that can promote intramolecular and bimolecular cycloadditions, including transformations that have proved challenging to achieve selectively with small-molecule catalysts. EnT1.3 performs >300 turnovers and, in contrast to small-molecule photocatalysts, can operate effectively under aerobic conditions and at ambient temperatures. An X-ray crystal structure of an EnT1.3-product complex shows how multiple functional components work in synergy to promote efficient and selective photocatalysis. This study opens up a wealth of new excited-state chemistry in protein active sites and establishes the framework for developing a new generation of enantioselective photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Trimble
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rebecca Crawshaw
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Florence J Hardy
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Colin W Levy
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Murray J B Brown
- Synthetic Biochemistry, Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Douglas E Fuerst
- Synthetic Biochemistry, Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Derren J Heyes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Obexer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony P Green
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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25
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Liang Y, Kleinmans R, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Synthesis of Polysubstituted 2-Oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes via Visible-Light-Induced Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20207-20213. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liang
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roman Kleinmans
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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26
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Liu Y, Ni D, Stevenson BG, Tripathy V, Braley SE, Raghavachari K, Swierk JR, Brown MK. Photosensitized [2+2]-Cycloadditions of Alkenylboronates and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200725. [PMID: 35446458 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy for the synthesis of highly versatile cyclobutylboronates via the photosensitized [2+2]-cycloaddition of alkenylboronates and alkenes is presented. The process is mechanistically different from other processes in that energy transfer occurs with the alkenylboronate as opposed to the other alkene. This strategy allows for the synthesis of an array of diverse cyclobutylboronates. The conversion of these adducts to other compounds as well as their utility in the synthesis of melicodenine C is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
| | - Dongshun Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
| | - Bernard G Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Vikrant Tripathy
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
| | - Sarah E Braley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
| | - John R Swierk
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
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27
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Lefarth J, Griesbeck AG. Photosensitized [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition of Complex Acceptor-Donor Combinations: A Regio/Diastereoselectivity Study. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8028-8033. [PMID: 35649132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The photosensitized [2 + 2]-cycloaddition of chalcones, conjugated cyclopentenones, and cyclohexenones with electron-rich alkenes such as cyclic enolethers and polymethylated alkenes was investigated. While cyclic enones showed high regio- and stereoselectivity, acyclic enones resulted in a more complex product mixture containing dimers as well as four dominant regio- and diastereoisomers. This complex product mixture can be controlled by adjusting the reaction conditions such as sensitizer, solvents, or additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lefarth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Axel G Griesbeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Köln, Germany
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28
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Takagi R, Tanimoto T. Enantioselective [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of quinolone using a C1-symmetric chiral phosphoric acid as a visible-light photocatalyst. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3940-3947. [PMID: 35506886 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00607c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective intra- and intermolecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of quinolone using a C1-symmetric chiral phosphoric acid as a visible-light photocatalyst is developed. The thioxanthone chromophore on phosphoric acid plays an important role in both phototransformation and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryukichi Takagi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Tanimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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29
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Zhang L, Pfund B, Wenger OS, Hu X. Oxidase‐Type C−H/C−H Coupling Using an Isoquinoline‐Derived Organic Photocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202649. [PMID: 35253971 PMCID: PMC9310868 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidase‐type oxidation is an attractive strategy in organic synthesis due to the use of O2 as the terminal oxidant. Organic photocatalysis can effect metal‐free oxidase chemistry. Nevertheless, current methods are limited in reaction scope, possibly due to the lack of suitable photocatalysts. Here we report an isoquinoline‐derived diaryl ketone‐type photocatalyst, which has much enhanced absorption of blue and visible light compared to conventional diaryl ketones. This photocatalyst enables dehydrogenative cross‐coupling of heteroarenes with unactivated and activated alkanes as well as aldehydes using air as the oxidant. A wide range of heterocycles with various functional groups are suitable substrates. Transient absorption and excited‐state quenching experiments point to an unconventional mechanism that involves an excited state “self‐quenching” process to generate the N‐radical cation form of the sensitizer, which subsequently abstracts a hydrogen atom from the alkane substrate to yield a reactive alkyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) ISIC-LSCI Lausanne Switzerland
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Björn Pfund
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) ISIC-LSCI Lausanne Switzerland
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30
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Guo F, Wang H, Ye X, Tan CH. Advanced Synthesis Using Photocatalysis Involved Dual Catalytic System. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Guo
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science CHINA
| | - Hong Wang
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science CHINA
| | - Xinyi Ye
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science 18 Chaowang Road 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Choon-Hong Tan
- Nanyang Technological University School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences SINGAPORE
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31
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Kleinmans R, Pinkert T, Dutta S, Paulisch TO, Keum H, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Intermolecular [2π+2σ]-photocycloaddition enabled by triplet energy transfer. Nature 2022; 605:477-482. [PMID: 35314833 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
For more than one century, photochemical [2+2]-cycloadditions have been used by synthetic chemists to make cyclobutanes, four-membered carbon-based rings. In this reaction, typically two olefin subunits (two π-electrons per olefin) cyclize to form two new C-C σ-bonds. Although the development of photochemical [2+2]-cycloadditions has made enormous progress within the last century, research has been focused on such [2π+2π]-systems, in which two π-bonds are converted into two new σ-bonds1,2. Here we report an intermolecular [2+2]-photocycloaddition that uses bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes as 2σ-electron reactants3-7. This strain-release-driven [2π+2σ]-photocycloaddition reaction was realized by visible-light-mediated triplet energy transfer catalysis8,9. A simple, modular and diastereoselective synthesis of bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes from heterocyclic olefin coupling partners, namely coumarins, flavones and indoles, is disclosed. Given the increasing importance of bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes as bioisosteres-groups that convey similar biological properties to those they replace-in pharmaceutical research and considering their limited access10,11, there remains a need for new synthetic methodologies. Applying this strategy enabled us to extend the intermolecular [2+2]-photocycloadditions to σ-bonds and provides previously inaccessible structural motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kleinmans
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Pinkert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Subhabrata Dutta
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tiffany O Paulisch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hyeyun Keum
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
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32
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Liu Y, Ni D, Stevenson BG, Tripathy V, Braley SE, Raghavachari K, Swierk JR, Brown MK. Photosensitized [2+2]‐Cycloadditions of Alkenylboronates and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyao Liu
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN 47401 USA
| | - Dongshun Ni
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN 47401 USA
| | - Bernard G. Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry Binghamton University 4400 Vestal Parkway East Binghamton NY 13902 USA
| | - Vikrant Tripathy
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN 47401 USA
| | - Sarah E. Braley
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN 47401 USA
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN 47401 USA
| | - John R. Swierk
- Department of Chemistry Binghamton University 4400 Vestal Parkway East Binghamton NY 13902 USA
| | - M. Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington IN 47401 USA
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33
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Zhang L, Pfund B, Wenger OS, Hu X. Oxidase‐Type C−H/C−H Coupling Using an Isoquinoline‐Derived Organic Photocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) ISIC-LSCI Lausanne Switzerland
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Björn Pfund
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) ISIC-LSCI Lausanne Switzerland
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34
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Visible-light-mediated metal-free decarboxylative acylation of electron-deficient quinolines using α-ketoacids under ambient air. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Saunthwal RK, Mortimer J, Orr-Ewing AJ, Clayden J. Enantioselective one-carbon expansion of aromatic rings by simultaneous formation and chromoselective irradiation of a transient coloured enolate. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2079-2085. [PMID: 35308841 PMCID: PMC8848985 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06684f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enantioenriched seven-membered carbocycles are motifs in many molecules of structural and biological interest. We report a simple, practical, transition metal-free and mechanistically unusual method for the enantioselective synthesis of substituted cycloheptatrienes. By forming a coloured enolate with an appropriate absorption band and selectively irradiating in situ, we to initiate a tandem, asymmetric anionic and photochemical ring expansion of readily accessible N-benzylbenzamides. The cascade of reactions leading to the products entails enantioselective benzylic deprotonation with a chiral lithium amide, dearomatizing cyclization of the resulting configurationally defined organolithium to give an extended amide enolate, and photochemically induced formal [1,7]-sigmatropic rearrangement and 6π-electrocyclic ring-opening – the latter all evidently being stereospecific – to deliver enantioenriched cycloheptatrienes with embedded benzylic stereocentres. Irradiation of a mixture of aromatic amide and chiral base leads to a tandem reaction sequence in which dearomatization forms a chromophore capable of photochemical rearrangement leading to overall asymmetric expansion of the aromatic ring.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Saunthwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - James Mortimer
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Andrew J Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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36
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Jiao M, Zhang B, Wang Z, Chen B. Design of new visible light Pt photocatalyst based on the TDDFT study of properties of transition metal complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Jiao
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao Shandong China
- Shandong Energy Institute Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
| | - Zichen Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
| | - Bo‐Zhen Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing PR China
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37
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Sierra S, Gomez MV, Jiménez AI, Pop A, Silvestru C, Marín ML, Boscá F, Sastre G, Gómez-Bengoa E, Urriolabeitia EP. Stereoselective, Ruthenium-Photocatalyzed Synthesis of 1,2-Diaminotruxinic Bis-amino Acids from 4-Arylidene-5(4 H)-oxazolones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3529-3545. [PMID: 35143202 PMCID: PMC8902759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The irradiation of
(Z)-2-phenyl-4-aryliden-5(4H)-oxazolones 1 in deoxygenated CH2Cl2 at 25 °C
with blue light (465 nm) in
the presence of [Ru(bpy)3](BF4)2 (5%
mole ratio) as a triplet photocatalyst promotes
the [2+2] photocycloaddition of the C=C bonds of the 4-arylidene
moiety, thus allowing the completely regio- and stereoselective formation
of cyclobutane-bis(oxazolone)s 2 as single stereoisomers.
Cyclobutanes 2 have been unambiguously characterized
as the μ-isomers and contain two E-oxazolones
coupled in an anti-head-to-head form. The use of
continuous-flow techniques in microreactors allows the synthesis of
cyclobutanes 2 in only 60 min, compared with the 24–48
h required in batch mode. Ring opening of the oxazolone heterocycle
in 2 with a base affords the corresponding 1,2-diaminotruxinic
bis-amino esters 3, which are also obtained selectively
as μ-isomers. The ruthenium complex behaves as a triplet photocatalyst,
generating the reactive excited state of the oxazolone via an energy-transfer
process. This reactive excited state has been characterized as a triplet
diradical 3(E/Z)-1* by laser flash photolysis (transient absorption spectroscopy).
This technique also shows that this excited state is the same when
starting from either (Z)- or (E)-oxazolones.
Density functional theory calculations show that the first step of
the [2+2] cycloaddition between 3(E/Z)-1* and (Z)-1 is formation of
the C(H)–C(H) bond and that (Z) to (E) isomerization takes place at the 1,4-diradical thus formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sierra
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Victoria Gomez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ana I Jiménez
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alexandra Pop
- Department of Chemistry, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Silvestru
- Department of Chemistry, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Luisa Marín
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (ITQ-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Boscá
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (ITQ-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Germán Sastre
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (ITQ-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Bengoa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV-EHU, Apdo. 1072, CP-20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Esteban P Urriolabeitia
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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38
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Genzink MJ, Kidd JB, Swords WB, Yoon TP. Chiral Photocatalyst Structures in Asymmetric Photochemical Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:1654-1716. [PMID: 34606251 PMCID: PMC8792375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric catalysis is a major theme of research in contemporary synthetic organic chemistry. The discovery of general strategies for highly enantioselective photochemical reactions, however, has been a relatively recent development, and the variety of photoreactions that can be conducted in a stereocontrolled manner is consequently somewhat limited. Asymmetric photocatalysis is complicated by the short lifetimes and high reactivities characteristic of photogenerated reactive intermediates; the design of catalyst architectures that can provide effective enantiodifferentiating environments for these intermediates while minimizing the participation of uncontrolled racemic background processes has proven to be a key challenge for progress in this field. This review provides a summary of the chiral catalyst structures that have been studied for solution-phase asymmetric photochemistry, including chiral organic sensitizers, inorganic chromophores, and soluble macromolecules. While some of these photocatalysts are derived from privileged catalyst structures that are effective for both ground-state and photochemical transformations, others are structural designs unique to photocatalysis and offer insight into the logic required for highly effective stereocontrolled photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Genzink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jesse B Kidd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Wesley B Swords
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Tehshik P Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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39
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Mondal S, Dumur F, Gigmes D, Sibi MP, Bertrand MP, Nechab M. Enantioselective Radical Reactions Using Chiral Catalysts. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5842-5976. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shovan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Syamsundar College, Shyamsundar 713424, West Bengal, India
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
| | - Mukund P. Sibi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Michèle P. Bertrand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
| | - Malek Nechab
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
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40
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Zheng Y, Wang ZW, Cheng WS, Xie ZZ, He XC, Chen YS, Chen K, Xiang HY, Chen XQ, Yang H. Phosphine-Mediated Morita-Baylis-Hillman-Type/Wittig Cascade: Access to E-Configured 3-Styryl- and 3-(Benzopyrrole/furan-2-yl) Quinolinones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:974-984. [PMID: 34985275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A phosphine-mediated, well-designed Morita-Baylis-Hillman-type/Wittig cascade for the rapid assembly of a quinolinone framework from benzaldehyde derivatives is developed for the first time. By rationally combining I2/NIS-mediated cyclization, biologically relevant 3-(benzopyrrole/furan-2-yl) quinolinones were facilely synthesized in a one-pot process by starting from 3-styryl-quinolinones bearing an o-hydroxy/amino group, significantly expanding the chemical space of this privileged skeleton. Further utility of this protocol is illustrated by successfully performing this transformation in a catalytic manner through in situ reduction of phosphine oxide by phenylsilane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Shuo Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Chen He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Shan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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41
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Gu Y, Yin H, Wakeling M, An J, Martin R. Defunctionalization of sp3 C–Heteroatom and sp3 C–C Bonds Enabled by Photoexcited Triplet Ketone Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Gu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Hongfei Yin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Matthew Wakeling
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Juzeng An
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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42
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Song YF, Niu X, Zhao J, Shen S, Yang XL. Visible-light-mediated defluorinative cyclization of α-fluoro-β-enamino esters catalyzed by 4-CzIPN. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00412g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using 4-CzIPN as an energy transfer (EnT) photocatalyst and α-fluoro-β-enamino esters as the substrates, a mild 6π-photocyclization/defluorination of N-aryl enamines was carried out to efficiently construct indoles without oxidant and...
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43
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Enantioselective intermolecular [2 + 2] photocycloadditions of vinylazaarenes with triplet-state electron-deficient olefins. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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44
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Wang B, Yan X, Zhong H, ouyang Q, Tian X. Enantioselective [2+2] Cycloaddition of 1,2-Dihydroquinolines with 3-Olefinic Oxindoles via Brønsted Acid Catalysis. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01708j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two complementary regiodivergent Brønsted acid-catalyzed atom-economic [2+2] cycloaddition and ene reaction of 1,2-dihydroquinolines with 3-olefinic oxindoles are reported. In the presence of a chiral phosphoramide catalyst, the [2+2] cycloaddition affords...
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45
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Jiao M, Wang Z, Zhang B, Chen BZ. [2+2] Cycloaddition or β-hydrogen elimination?—a DFT study of the reactions of propylene catalyzed by (PDI)Fe-metallacycle. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05646h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The origin of the chemoselectivity of [2+2] cycloaddition reactions catalyzed by different (PDI)Fe-metallacycles is due to the different groups (N2 or CH3) coordinated with the Fe metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Jiao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, P. R. China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zichen Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Zhen Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, YuQuan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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46
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Tyagi M, Adolfsson DE, Singh P, Ådén J, Jayaweera SW, Gharibyan A, Bharate JB, Kiss A, Sarkar S, Olofsson A, Almqvist F. Tandem Ring Opening/Intramolecular [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction for the Synthesis of Cyclobutane Fused Thiazolino-2-Pyridones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16582-16592. [PMID: 34767366 PMCID: PMC8650012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Reaction of thiazoline
fused 2-pyridones with alkyl halides in
the presence of cesium carbonate opens the thiazoline ring via S-alkylation and generates N-alkenyl functionalized
2-pyridones. In the reaction with propargyl bromide, the thiazoline
ring opens and subsequently closes via a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between
an in situ generated allene and the α,β-unsaturated
methyl ester. This method enabled the synthesis of a variety of cyclobutane
fused thiazolino-2-pyridones, of which a few analogues inhibit amyloid
β1–40 fibril formation. Furthermore, other
analogues were able to bind mature α-synuclein and amyloid β1−40 fibrils. Several thiazoline fused 2-pyridones with
biological activity tolerate this transformation, which in addition
provides an exocyclic alkene as a potential handle for tuning bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Tyagi
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dan E Adolfsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pardeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Ådén
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Gharibyan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anita Kiss
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Souvik Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Olofsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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47
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Oddy MJ, Kusza DA, Petersen WF. Visible-Light Mediated Metal-Free 6π-Photocyclization of N-Acrylamides: Thioxanthone Triplet Energy Transfer Enables the Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydroquinolin-2-ones. Org Lett 2021; 23:8963-8967. [PMID: 34756046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient thioxanthone-catalyzed triplet energy transfer process for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2-ones via a 6π-photocyclization is reported. Featuring a rare example of a metal-free formal C(sp2)-H/C(sp3)-H arylation mediated by visible-light, this work hopes to inspire further interest in these small molecules as sustainable alternatives to existing transition-metal photocatalysts in related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan J Oddy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Daniel A Kusza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Wade F Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
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48
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Sierra S, Dalmau D, Higuera S, Cortés D, Crespo O, Jimenez AI, Pop A, Silvestru C, Urriolabeitia EP. Reactivity of ( Z)-4-Aryliden-5(4 H)-thiazolones: [2 + 2]-Photocycloaddition, Ring-Opening Reactions, and Influence of the Lewis Acid BF 3. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12119-12140. [PMID: 34479406 PMCID: PMC9129068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
irradiation of (Z)-2-phenyl-4-aryliden-5(4H)-thiazolones 2 with blue light (465 nm) in
CH2Cl2 solution promotes [2 + 2]-photocycloaddition
of the exocyclic C=C bonds and the formation of the dispirocyclobutanes 3. This reaction takes place with high stereoselectivity,
given that the ε-isomer (1,3 head-to-tail syn coupling) is formed
in more than 90% yield in most of the cases. However, irradiation
of 5(4H)-thiazolones 2 with blue light
(456 nm) in dry MeOH in the presence of BF3·OEt2 leads to the monospirocyclobutanes 4 with full
stereoselectivity, also affording the ε-isomer. A ring-opening
reaction of only one of the thiazolone rings appears to have taken
place in 4 upon methanolysis, leading to the corresponding
ester and thioamide groups. The treatment of free 4-aryliden-5(4H)-thiazolones 2 with a base in alcohol (NaOR/ROH)
also produces a ring-opening reaction of the heterocycle by methanolysis,
although, under these reaction conditions, further intramolecular
S-attack at the exocyclic C(H)=C bond and cyclization is observed,
forming the dihydrothiazoles 5 or 6 as mixtures
of cis (RS/SR)-
and trans (RR/SS)-isomers with high diastereomeric excess. trans-(RR/SS)-Dihydrothiazoles 6 can be
isolated as pure diastereoisomers by column chromatography. Surprisingly,
dihydrothiazoles 5 can also be obtained by the treatment
of 4-aryliden-5(4H)-thiazolones 2 with
BF3·OEt2 in methanol in the absence of
a base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sierra
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - David Dalmau
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sheila Higuera
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Darío Cortés
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Olga Crespo
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana I Jimenez
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alexandra Pop
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Silvestru
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Esteban P Urriolabeitia
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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49
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9a-Phenyl-2,3,3a,3b,9a,9b-hexahydro-4H-furo[3‘,2’:3,4]cyclobuta- [1,2-b]chromen-4-one: A Flavone-Based [2 + 2]-Photocycloadduct. MOLBANK 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/m1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermolecular [2 + 2]-photocycloaddition of the parent flavone molecule (4) as the triplet energy-accepting species and the electron-rich alkene 2, 3-dihydrofuran (5) was performed by visible-light-mediated triplet-sensitization with an iridium-based organometallic sensitizer. The reaction proceeds with high diastereo- and regioselectivity (>98:2 for the regiochemical orientation and with 95% d.s.). In contrast to numerous other ene/enone combinations that are described in the literature and were also performed by us, the reaction between 4 and 5 almost solely afforded the cis-syn-cis cyclobutane 6, whereas analogous conjugated six- and five-membered cycloalkenones preferentially react to cis-anti-cis cyclobutanes or a mixture of both diastereoisomers (e.g., for the cyclohexanone-derived example 9).
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50
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Jung H, Hong M, Marchini M, Villa M, Steinlandt PS, Huang X, Hemming M, Meggers E, Ceroni P, Park J, Baik MH. Understanding the mechanism of direct visible-light-activated [2 + 2] cycloadditions mediated by Rh and Ir photocatalysts: combined computational and spectroscopic studies. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9673-9681. [PMID: 34349938 PMCID: PMC8293808 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02745j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of [2 + 2] cycloadditions activated by visible light and catalyzed by bis-cyclometalated Rh(iii) and Ir(iii) photocatalysts was investigated, combining density functional theory calculations and spectroscopic techniques. Experimental observations show that the Rh-based photocatalyst produces excellent yield and enantioselectivity whereas the Ir-photocatalyst yields racemates. Two different mechanistic features were found to compete with each other, namely the direct photoactivation of the catalyst-substrate complex and outer-sphere triplet energy transfer. Our integrated analysis suggests that the direct photocatalysis is the inner working of the Rh-catalyzed reaction, whereas the Ir catalyst serves as a triplet sensitizer that activates cycloaddition via an outer-sphere triplet excited state energy transfer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoimin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea .,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Mannkyu Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea .,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Marianna Marchini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Marco Villa
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Philipp S Steinlandt
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Marcel Hemming
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Jiyong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea .,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea .,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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