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Kupferberg JE, Syrgiannis Z, Đorđević L, Bruckner EP, Jaynes TJ, Ha HH, Qi E, Wek KS, Dannenhoffer AJ, Sather NA, Fry HC, Palmer LC, Stupp SI. Biopolymer-supramolecular polymer hybrids for photocatalytic hydrogen production. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:6275-6288. [PMID: 39072531 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00373j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Solar generation of H2 is a promising strategy for dense energy storage. Supramolecular polymers composed of chromophore amphiphile monomers containing perylene monoimide (PMI) have been reported as crystalline light-harvesting assemblies for aqueous H2-evolving catalysts. Gelation of these supramolecular polymers with multivalent ions creates hydrogels with high diffusivity but insufficient mechanical stability and catalyst retention for reusability. We report here on using sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer to both induce supramolecular polymerization of PMI and co-immobilize them with catalysts in a robust hydrogel with high diffusivity that can also be 3D-printed. Faster mass transfer was achieved by controlling the material macrostructure by reducing gel diameter and microstructure by reducing biopolymer loading. Optimized gels produce H2 at rates rivaling solution-based PMI and generate H2 for up to 6 days. The PMI assemblies in the SA matrix create a percolation network capable of bulk-electron transfer under illumination. These PMI-SA materials were then 3D-printed on conductive substrates to create 3D hydrogel photoelectrodes with optimized porosity. The design of these versatile hybrid materials was bioinspired by the soft matter environment of natural photosynthetic systems and opens the opportunity to carry out light-to-fuel conversion within soft matter with arbitrary shapes and particular local environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Kupferberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Zois Syrgiannis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Luka Đorđević
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Eric P Bruckner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Tyler J Jaynes
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Hakim H Ha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Evan Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Kristen S Wek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Adam J Dannenhoffer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Nicholas A Sather
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - H Christopher Fry
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Liam C Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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2
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Emmanuele R, Sai H, Chen J, Morrow DJ, Đorđević L, Gosztola DJ, Hla SW, Stupp SI, Ma X. Lattice Symmetry-Guided Charge Transport in 2D Supramolecular Polymers Promotes Triplet Formation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402932. [PMID: 38864561 PMCID: PMC11321616 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Singlet-to-triplet intersystem crossing (ISC) in organic molecules is intimately connected with their geometries: by modifying the molecular shape, symmetry selection rules pertaining to spin-orbit coupling can be partially relieved, leading to extra matrix elements for increased ISC. As an analog to this molecular design concept, the study finds that the lattice symmetry of supramolecular polymers also defines their triplet formation efficiencies. A supramolecular polymer self-assembled from weakly interacting molecules is considered. Its 2D oblique unit cell effectively renders it as a coplanar array of 1D molecular columns weakly bound to each other. Using momentum-resolved photoluminescence imaging in combination with Monte Carlo simulations, the study found that photogenerated charge carriers in the supramolecular polymer predominantly recombine as spin-uncorrelated carrier pairs through inter-column charge transfer states. This lattice-defined recombination pathway leads to a substantial triplet formation efficiency (≈60%) in the supramolecular polymer. These findings suggest that lattice symmetry of micro-/macroscopic structures relying on intermolecular interactions can be strategized for controlled triplet formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Emmanuele
- Center for Nanoscale MaterialsArgonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA
| | - Hiroaki Sai
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL60611USA
| | - Jia‐Shiang Chen
- Center for Nanoscale MaterialsArgonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL60611USA
- Center for Molecular Quantum TransductionNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA
| | - Darien J. Morrow
- Center for Nanoscale MaterialsArgonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA
| | - Luka Đorđević
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA
| | - David J. Gosztola
- Center for Nanoscale MaterialsArgonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA
| | - Saw Wai Hla
- Center for Nanoscale MaterialsArgonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute and Department of Physics and AstronomyOhio UniversityAthensOH45701USA
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL60611USA
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA
- Department of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL60611USA
| | - Xuedan Ma
- Center for Nanoscale MaterialsArgonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA
- Center for Molecular Quantum TransductionNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA
- Consortium for Advanced Science and EngineeringUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
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3
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Han J, Fujikawa S, Kimizuka N. Living Hybrid Exciton Materials: Enhanced Fluorescence and Chiroptical Properties in Living Supramolecular Polymers with Strong Frenkel/Charge-Transfer Exciton Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202410431. [PMID: 38987230 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202410431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
A family of chiral perylene diimides (PDIs) was newly developed as excellent circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials. They are asymmetrically derivatized with a double-alkyl-chained L- or D-glutamate unit and a linear or branched alkyl chain. When water is added to the tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution of glutamate-PDI-linear-alkyl chain compounds, kinetically formed H-aggregates are formed in globular nanoparticles (NPs). These NPs undergo spontaneous transformation into thermodynamically stable nanotubes via helical nanostructures, which showed structured broad spectra originating from the strong coupling of delocalized Frenkel excitations (FE) and charge transfer excitations (CTE). Significant enhancement of circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence quantum yield, and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) are observed during the transformation of NPs to the FE/CTE-coupled helical and tubular structures. This transformation process is significantly accelerated by applying physical stimuli, i.e., ultrasonication or adding helical aggregates as seed crystals, a feature unique to living supramolecular polymerization. Meanwhile, the branched chain-containing PDIs only form H-aggregates and did not show FE/CTE hybrid exciton states with living supramolecular polymerization properties. This study unveils that suitably designed chiral PDI derivatives show FE/CTE coupling accompanied by high fluorescence quantum yields, enhanced chiroptical properties, and supramolecular living polymerization characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Han
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shigenori Fujikawa
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Research Center for Negative Emission Technologies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Research Center for Negative Emission Technologies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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Cappelletti D, Barbieri M, Aliprandi A, Maggini M, Đorđević L. Self-assembled π-conjugated chromophores: preparation of one- and two-dimensional nanostructures and their use in photocatalysis. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:9153-9168. [PMID: 38639760 PMCID: PMC11097008 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00383g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic systems have attracted research interest as a clean approach to generate energy from abundant sunlight. In this context, developing efficient and robust photocatalytic structures is crucial. Recently, self-assembled organic chromophores have entered the stage as alternatives to both molecular systems and (in)organic semiconductors. Nanostructures made of self-assembled π-conjugated dyes offer, on the one hand, molecular customizability to tune their optoelectronic properties and activities and on the other hand, provide benefits from heterogeneous catalysis that include ease of separation, recyclability and improved photophysical properties. In this contribution, we present recent achievements in constructing supramolecular photocatalytic systems made of chromophores for applications in water splitting, H2O2 evolution, CO2 reduction, or environmental remediation. We discuss strategies that can be used to prepare ordered photocatalytic systems with an emphasis on the effect of packing between the dyes and the resulting photocatalytic activity. We further showcase supramolecular strategies that allow interfacing the organic nanostructures with co-catalysts, molecules, polymers, and (in)organic materials. The principles discussed here are the foundation for the utilization of these self-assembled materials in photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cappelletti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marianna Barbieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Aliprandi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Michele Maggini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Luka Đorđević
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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5
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Mahadevan S, Liu T, Pratik SM, Li Y, Ho HY, Ouyang S, Lu X, Yip HL, Chow PCY, Brédas JL, Coropceanu V, So SK, Tsang SW. Assessing intra- and inter-molecular charge transfer excitations in non-fullerene acceptors using electroabsorption spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2393. [PMID: 38493131 PMCID: PMC10944474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic cells using Y6 non-fullerene acceptors have recently achieved high efficiency, and it was suggested to be attributed to the charge-transfer (CT) nature of the excitations in Y6 aggregates. Here, by combining electroabsorption spectroscopy measurements and electronic-structure calculations, we find that the charge-transfer character already exists in isolated Y6 molecules but is strongly increased when there is molecular aggregation. Surprisingly, it is found that the large enhanced charge transfer in clustered Y6 molecules is not due to an increase in excited-state dipole moment, Δμ, as observed in other organic systems, but due to a reduced polarizability change, Δp. It is proposed that such a strong charge-transfer character is promoted by the stabilization of the charge-transfer energy upon aggregation, as deduced from density functional theory and four-state model calculations. This work provides insight into the correlation between molecular electronic properties and charge-transfer characteristics in organic electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhi Mahadevan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Taili Liu
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Saied Md Pratik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721-0041, USA
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Hang Yuen Ho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Shanchao Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Philip C Y Chow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721-0041, USA
| | - Veaceslav Coropceanu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721-0041, USA
| | - Shu Kong So
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Sai-Wing Tsang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
- Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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6
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Li Z, Tan Y, Ding M, Tang L, Zeng F. Keto-Adamantane-Based Macrocycle Crystalline Supramolecular Assemblies Showing Selective Vapochromism to Tetrahydrofuran. Molecules 2024; 29:719. [PMID: 38338463 PMCID: PMC10856198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the synthesis of adamantane-based macrocycle 2 by combining adamantane building blocks with π-donor 1,3-dimethoxy-benzene units. An unpredictable keto-adamantane-based macrocycle 3 was obtained by the oxidation of 2 using DDQ as an oxidant. Moreover, a new type of macrocyclic molecule-based CT cocrystal was prepared through exo-wall CT interactions between 3 and DDQ. The cocrystal material showed selective vapochromism behavior towards THF, specifically, among nine volatile organic solvents commonly used in the laboratory. Powder X-ray diffraction; UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; 1H NMR; and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that color changes are attributed to the vapor-triggered decomplexation of cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manhua Ding
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 415199, China; (Z.L.); (Y.T.); (L.T.)
| | | | - Fei Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 415199, China; (Z.L.); (Y.T.); (L.T.)
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7
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Chu C, Yao D, Chen Z, Liu X, Huang Q, Li Q, Mao S. Cyano-Regulated Organic Polymers for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic H 2 O 2 Production in Various Actual Water Bodies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303796. [PMID: 37442785 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic production of H2 O2 has drawn significant attention in recent years, but the yield rate of current photocatalytic systems is still unsatisfactory. Moreover, the presence of various components in actual water bodies will consume the photogenerated charges and deactivate the catalyst, severely limiting the real applications of photocatalytic H2 O2 production. Herein, a cyano-modified polymer photocatalyst is synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation with subsequent thermal polymerization. The introduction of cyano group and sulfer (S), oxygen (O) elements modulates the microstructure and energy band of the polymer catalyst, and the cyano group sites can effectively adsorb and activate O2 , realizing the generation of H2 O2 in the two-step single-electron oxygen reduction process. The reported system achieves high H2 O2 generation rate up to 1119.2 µmol g-1 h-1 in various water bodies including tap water, river water, seawater, and secondary effluent. This simple and readily available catalyst demonstrates good anti-interference performance and pH adaptability in photocatalytic H2 O2 production in actual water bodies, and its photodegradation and sterilization applications are also demonstrated. This study offers new insights in developing polymer catalysts for efficient photocatalytic production of H2 O2 in various water bodies for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Chu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ducheng Yao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xinru Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qisu Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qiuju Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shun Mao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
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8
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Zhang Q, Chen J, Che H, Liu B, Ao Y. n→π* Electron Transitions and Directional Charge Migration Synergistically Promoting O 2 Activation and Holes Utilization on Carbon Nitride for Efficiently Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Contaminants. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302510. [PMID: 37323095 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stimulating electron transitions and promoting exciton dissociation are crucial for improving the photocatalytic performance of polymeric carbon nitride (CN) yet still challenging. Herein, a novel CN with C dopant and asymmetric structure (CC-UCN2 ) is ingeniously synthesized. The obtained CC-UCN2 not only reinforces the intrinsic π→π* electron transitions, but also successfully awakens additional n→π* electron transitions. Besides, charge centers dislocation caused by symmetry breaking induces a spontaneous polarized electric field, effectively breaking the constraints of Coulomb electrostatic interaction between electrons and holes and driving their directional migration. Along with the spatial separation of reduction and oxidation sites, CC-UCN2 shows exceptional O2 activation and holes oxidation efficiency, thus exhibits a high degradation rate constant (0.201 min-1 ) and mineralization rate (80.1%) for bisphenol A (BPA)(far outperforming pristine and other modified CNs). This work proposes a novel perspective for developing high-efficiency photocatalysts and comprehending the underlying mechanism of O2 activation and holes oxidation for pollutant degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Huinan Che
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yanhui Ao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1, Xikang road, Nanjing, 210098, China
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9
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Li Q, Wang R, Yu T, Wang X, Zhang ZG, Zhang Y, Xiao M, Zhang C. Long-Range Charge Separation Enabled by Intramoiety Delocalized Excitations in Copolymer Donors in Organic Photovoltaic Blends. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7498-7506. [PMID: 37581453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
For over two decades, most high-performance organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have been made with donor:acceptor bulk heterojunctions with domain sizes limited by exciton diffusion, where charge separation mostly takes place through the dissociation of the interfacial charge-transfer (xCT) excitons. Recently, nonfullerene acceptor (NFA)-based OPVs have shown excellent compatibility to device structures with large domains in active layers. However, it remains elusive how the excitations that are distant from the interfaces are converted into free charges. Here, we report the identification of a new charge separation channel in model copolymer/NFA blends mediated by intra-moiety delocalized excitations in both planar heterojunctions and donor-enriched bulk heterojunctions. The delocalized excitations induced by interchromophore electronic interactions in copolymer donors mediate the long-range charge separation and dissociate into free charges without forming the bound xCT states first, releasing the constraints associated with the short exciton diffusion length in organic materials. The long-range charge separation mechanism uncovered in this work, in cooperation with the short-range xCT-mediated pathway, holds the potential to further optimize OPVs with diverse device structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Tao Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Nanjing University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
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10
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Zeng L, Zhang T, Liu R, Tian W, Wu K, Zhu J, Wang Z, He C, Feng J, Guo X, Douka AI, Duan C. Chalcogen-bridged coordination polymer for the photocatalytic activation of aryl halides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4002. [PMID: 37414824 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to deliver electrons is vital for dye-based photocatalysts. Conventionally, the aromatic stacking-based charge-transfer complex increases photogenerated electron accessibility but decreases the energy of excited-state dyes. To circumvent this dilemma, here we show a strategy by tuning the stacking mode of dyes. By decorating naphthalene diimide with S-bearing branches, the S···S contact-linked naphthalene diimide string is created in coordination polymer, thereby enhancing electron mobility while simultaneously preserving competent excited-state reducing power. This benefit, along with in situ assembly between naphthalene diimide strings and exogenous reagent/reactant, improves the accessibility of short-lived excited states during consecutive photon excitation, resulting in greater efficiency in photoinduced electron-transfer activation of inert bonds in comparison to other coordination polymers with different dye-stacking modes. This heterogeneous approach is successfully applied in the photoreduction of inert aryl halides and the successive formation of CAr-C/S/P/B bonds with potential pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Tiexin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Renhai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wenming Tian
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhonghe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Abdoulkader Ibro Douka
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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11
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Li Q, Wang R, Zhang C. The Dynamics of Delocalized Excitations in Organic Solar Cells with Nonfullerene Acceptors. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3031-3038. [PMID: 36946622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the performance of organic solar cells has been markedly improved benefiting from the development of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) with acceptor-donor-acceptor structures. Arising from the intermolecular electronic interactions between the electron donating and accepting units, intramoiety and interfacial delocalized excitations make a substantial contribution to the photocurrent generation. In this Perspective, we discuss recent studies on the excited-state dynamics responsible for the working mechanism in NFA-based organic solar cells and emphasize the dynamics of delocalized excitations in charge generation and recombination processes. The intramoiety delocalized excitations in NFAs enable charge separation without forming interfacial charge-transfer excitons first, allowing efficient photocharge generation in planar heterojunctions with reduced interfacial energy loss. We suggest a few research directions in elucidating the performance-limited processes toward the further optimization of NFA-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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12
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Cainelli M, Borrelli R, Tanimura Y. Effect of mixed Frenkel and charge transfer states in time-gated fluorescence spectra of perylene bisimides H-aggregates: Hierarchical equations of motion approach. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:084103. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically investigated the effect of mixed Frenkel (F) and charge transfer (CT) states on the spectral properties of perylene bisimide (PBI) derivatives, focusing on the role of strong electron-phonon interactions. The model consists of a four-level system described by the Holstein Hamiltonian coupled to independent local heat-baths on each site, described by Brownian spectral distribution functions. We employ the reduced hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) approach to calculate the time evolution of the system and compare it to the pure F exciton cases. We compute the absorption and time-gated fluorescence (TGF) spectra for different exciton transfer integrals and F-CT band gap conditions. The coherence length of excitons ($N_{coh}$) is evaluated employing two different definitions. We observe the presence of an excited hot state peak whose intensity is associated with the delocalization of the excited species and ultrafast dynamics that are solely dependent on the frequency of the local bath. The results indicate that the inclusion of CT states promotes localization of the excitons which is manifested in a decrease in the intensity of the hot state peak and the 0--1 peak, and an increase in the intensity of the 0--0 emission peak in TGF spectrum, leading to a decrease of $N_{coh}$.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raffaele Borrelli
- Department of Agricoltural Science, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy
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13
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Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion Using Metal-Containing Coordination Polymers and Networks: Recent Developments in Material Design and Mechanistic Details. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142778. [PMID: 35890553 PMCID: PMC9318416 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
International guidelines have progressively addressed global warming which is caused by the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect originates from the atmosphere’s gases which trap sunlight which, as a consequence, causes an increase in global surface temperature. Carbon dioxide is one of these greenhouse gases and is mainly produced by anthropogenic emissions. The urgency of removing atmospheric carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to reduce the greenhouse effect has initiated the development of methods to covert carbon dioxide into valuable products. One approach that was developed is the photocatalytic transformation of CO2. Photocatalysis addresses environmental issues by transferring CO2 into value added chemicals by mimicking the natural photosynthesis process. During this process, the photocatalytic system is excited by light energy. CO2 is adsorbed at the catalytic metal centers where it is subsequently reduced. To overcome several obstacles for achieving an efficient photocatalytic reduction process, the use of metal-containing polymers as photocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction is highlighted in this review. The attention of this manuscript is directed towards recent advances in material design and mechanistic details of the process using different polymeric materials and photocatalysts.
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14
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Bruckner EP, Curk T, Đorđević L, Wang Z, Yang Y, Qiu R, Dannenhoffer AJ, Sai H, Kupferberg J, Palmer LC, Luijten E, Stupp SI. Hybrid Nanocrystals of Small Molecules and Chemically Disordered Polymers. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8993-9003. [PMID: 35588377 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic crystals formed by small molecules can be highly functional but are often brittle or insoluble structures with limited possibilities for use or processing from a liquid phase. A possible solution is the nanoscale integration of polymers into organic crystals without sacrificing long-range order and therefore function. This enables the organic crystals to benefit from the advantageous mechanical and chemical properties of the polymeric component. We report here on a strategy in which small molecules cocrystallize with side chains of chemically disordered polymers to create hybrid nanostructures containing a highly ordered lattice. Synchrotron X-ray scattering, absorption spectroscopy, and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the polymer backbones form an "exo-crystalline" layer of disordered chains that wrap around the nanostructures, becoming a handle for interesting properties. The morphology of this "hybrid bonding polymer" nanostructure is dictated by the competition between the polymers' entropy and the enthalpy of the lattice allowing for control over the aspect ratio of the nanocrystal by changing the degree of polymer integration. We observed that nanostructures with an exo-crystalline layer of polymer exhibit enhanced fracture strength, self-healing capacity, and dispersion in water, which benefits their use as light-harvesting assemblies in photocatalysis. Guided by computation, future work could further explore these hybrid nanostructures as components for functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Bruckner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tine Curk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Luka Đorđević
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Ruomeng Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Adam J Dannenhoffer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hiroaki Sai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Jacob Kupferberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Liam C Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Erik Luijten
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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15
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Manrho M, Jansen TLC, Knoester J. Optical Signatures of the Coupling between Excitons and Charge Transfer States in Linear Molecular Aggregates. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:224112. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0095470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Charge Transfer (CT) has enjoyed continuous interest due to increasing experimental control over molecular structure leading to applications in, for example, photovoltaics and hydrogen production. In this paper, we investigate the effect of CT states on the absorption spectrum of linear molecular aggregates using a scattering matrix technique that allows us to deal with arbitrarily large systems. The presented theory performs well for both strong and weak mixing of exciton and CT states, bridging the gap between previously employed methods which are applicable in only one of these limits. In experimental spectra the homogeneous linewidth is often too large to resolve all optically allowed transitions individually, resulting in a characteristic two-peak absorption spectrum in both the weak- and strong-coupling regime. Using the scattering matrix technique we examine the contributions of free and bound states in detail. We conclude that the skewness of the high-frequency peak may be used as a new way to identify the exciton-CT-state coupling strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marick Manrho
- University of Groningen, University of Groningen Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Netherlands
| | - Thomas L. C. Jansen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- University of Groningen Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Netherlands
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16
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Sawada R, Maeda T, Oda Y, Yagi S, Karunakaran V, Fujiwara H, Ajayaghosh A. Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties of Bis-Squaraine Dyes Fused on Isomeric Benzodipyrrole Central Units. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200227. [PMID: 35333439 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Exciton interactions are not only observed in assembled molecules but also in compounds with multiple chromophores referred to as superchromophores. We have developed isomeric bis-squaraine dyes as superchromophores in which two squaraine chromophores are fused onto the isomeric benzodipyrrole skeleton so as to regulate conformations and to reduce distances between two chromophores. The dyes with benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyrrole and benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']dipyrrole moieties exhibited split electronic absorption originated from the intramolecular exciton interaction. The intensity of the split absorption bands varies in correlation with the orientation of chromophores. The isomeric dye with benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dipyrrole moiety exhibited a near-infrared absorption associated with the resonance throughout two chromophores. Their electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties are distinct from those of monomeric dyes owing to electronic interactions between the two chromophores. Thus, the structural isomerism of the central skeleton significantly affects their optical properties as well as their electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhei Sawada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Department of Applied Chemistry, Gakuen-cho, 599-8531, Sakai, JAPAN
| | - Takeshi Maeda
- Osaka Prefecture Univesity, Department of Applied Chemistry, Gakuen-cho, 599-8531, Sakai, JAPAN
| | - Yuya Oda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, JAPAN
| | - Shigeyuki Yagi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Gakuen-cho, 599-8531, Sakai, JAPAN
| | - Venugopal Karunakaran
- NIIST-CSIR: National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology CSIR, Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, 695 019, Thiruvananthapuram, INDIA
| | - Hideki Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Gakuen-cho, 599-8531, Sakai, JAPAN
| | - Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- NIIST-CSIR: National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology CSIR, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, 695 019, Thiruvananthapuram, INDIA
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17
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18
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Dumele O, Đorđević L, Sai H, Cotey TJ, Sangji MH, Sato K, Dannenhoffer AJ, Stupp SI. Photocatalytic Aqueous CO 2 Reduction to CO and CH 4 Sensitized by Ullazine Supramolecular Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3127-3136. [PMID: 35143726 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There has been rapid progress on the chemistry of supramolecular scaffolds that harness sunlight for aqueous photocatalytic production of hydrogen. However, great efforts are still needed to develop similar photosynthetic systems for the great challenge of CO2 reduction especially if they avoid the use of nonabundant metals. This work investigates the synthesis of supramolecular polymers capable of sensitizing catalysts that require more negative potentials than proton reduction. The monomers are chromophore amphiphiles based on a diareno-fused ullazine core that undergo supramolecular polymerization in water to create entangled nanoscale fibers. Under 450 nm visible light these fibers sensitize a dinuclear cobalt catalyst for CO2 photoreduction to generate carbon monoxide and methane using a sacrificial electron donor. The supramolecular photocatalytic system can generate amounts of CH4 comparable to those obtained with a precious metal-based [Ru(phen)3](PF6)2 sensitizer and, in contrast to Ru-based catalysts, retains photocatalytic activity in all aqueous media over 6 days. The present study demonstrates the potential of tailored supramolecular polymers as renewable energy and sustainability materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Dumele
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Luka Đorđević
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Center for Bio-Inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Hiroaki Sai
- Center for Bio-Inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thomas J Cotey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - M Hussain Sangji
- Center for Bio-Inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kohei Sato
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Adam J Dannenhoffer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Center for Bio-Inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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19
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Impact of Charge-Resonance Excitations on CT-Mediated J-Type Aggregation in Singlet and Triplet Exciton States of Perylene Di-Imide Aggregates: A TDDFT Investigation. COMPUTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/computation10020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of intermolecular interactions upon aggregation induces changes in excited state properties of organic molecules that can be detrimental for some optoelectronic applications but can be exploited for others. The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is a cost-effective approach to determining the exciton states of molecular aggregates, and it has been shown to provide reliable results when coupled with the appropriate choice of the functional. Here we apply a general procedure to analyze the aggregates’ exciton states derived from TDDFT calculations in terms of diabatic states chosen to coincide with local (LE) and charge-transfer (CT) excitations within a restricted orbital space. We apply the approach to study energy profiles, interstate couplings, and the charge-transfer character of singlet and triplet exciton states of perylene di-imide aggregates (PDI). We focus on the intermolecular displacement along the longitudinal translation coordinate, which mimics different amounts of slip-stacking observed in PDI crystals. The analysis, in terms of symmetry-adapted Frenkel excitations (FE) and charge-resonance (CR) states and their interactions, discloses how the interchange of the H/J character for small longitudinal shifts, previously reported for singlet exciton states, also occurs for triplet excitons.
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20
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Wang K, Xie Z, Luo Z, Ma H. Low-Scaling Excited State Calculation Using the Block Interaction Product State. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:462-470. [PMID: 35015548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We develop an automatic and efficient scheme for the accurate construction of the bases for excitonic models, which can enable "black-box" excited state structure calculations for large molecular systems. These new and optimized bases, which are named the block interaction product state (BIPS), can be expressed as the direct products of the local states for each chromophore. Each chromophore's local states are selected by diagonalization of its reduced density matrix, which is obtained by quantum chemical calculation of the small subsystem composed of the chromophore and its nearest neighbors. We implemented the BIPS framework with fragment-based calculations considering two- and three-body interactions. Test calculations for eight different molecular aggregates demonstrate that this framework provides an accurate description of not only the excitation energies but also the first-order wave function properties (dipole moment and transition dipole moment) of the low-lying excited states at a low-scaling computational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhaoxuan Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haibo Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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21
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Crystalline Supramolecular Polymers: Dynamics, Chirality, and Function. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Liu YH, Wang K, Ma HB. Evaluating first-order molecular properties of delocalized ionic or excited states in molecular aggregates by renormalized excitonic method. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2108133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-hao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hai-bo Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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23
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Li W, Ma H, Li S, Ma J. Computational and data driven molecular material design assisted by low scaling quantum mechanics calculations and machine learning. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14987-15006. [PMID: 34909141 PMCID: PMC8612375 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02574k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic structure methods based on quantum mechanics (QM) are widely employed in the computational predictions of the molecular properties and optoelectronic properties of molecular materials. The computational costs of these QM methods, ranging from density functional theory (DFT) or time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) to wave-function theory (WFT), usually increase sharply with the system size, causing the curse of dimensionality and hindering the QM calculations for large sized systems such as long polymer oligomers and complex molecular aggregates. In such cases, in recent years low scaling QM methods and machine learning (ML) techniques have been adopted to reduce the computational costs and thus assist computational and data driven molecular material design. In this review, we illustrated low scaling ground-state and excited-state QM approaches and their applications to long oligomers, self-assembled supramolecular complexes, stimuli-responsive materials, mechanically interlocked molecules, and excited state processes in molecular aggregates. Variable electrostatic parameters were also introduced in the modified force fields with the polarization model. On the basis of QM computational or experimental datasets, several ML algorithms, including explainable models, deep learning, and on-line learning methods, have been employed to predict the molecular energies, forces, electronic structure properties, and optical or electrical properties of materials. It can be conceived that low scaling algorithms with periodic boundary conditions are expected to be further applicable to functional materials, perhaps in combination with machine learning to fast predict the lattice energy, crystal structures, and spectroscopic properties of periodic functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Haibo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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24
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He M, Yu X, Wang Y, Bao M. Tunable Redox Potential Photocatalyst: Aggregates of 2,3-Dicyanopyrazino Phenanthrene Derivatives for the Visible-Light-Induced α-Allylation of Amines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14720-14731. [PMID: 34694115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work highlights the tunable redox potential of 6,11-dibromo-2,3-dicyanopyrazinophenanthrene (DCPP3) aggregates, which can be formed through physical π-π stacking interactions with other DCPP3 monomers. Electrochemical and scanning electron microscopy showed that the reduction potential of [DCPP3]n aggregates could be increased by decreasing their size. The size of [DCPP3]n aggregates could be regulated by controlling the concentration of DCPP3 in an organic solvent. As such, a fundamental understanding of this tunable redox potential is essential for developing new materials for photocatalytic applications. The [DCPP3]n aggregates as a visible-light photocatalyst in combination with Pd catalysts in the visible-light-induced α-allylation of amines were used. This [DCPP3]n photocatalyst exhibits excellent photo- and electrochemical properties, including a remarkable visible-light absorption, long excited-state lifetime (16.6 μs), good triplet quantum yield (0.538), and high reduction potential (Ered([DCPP3]n/[DCPP3]n-) > -1.8 V vs SCE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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25
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Zhou L, He R, Qin Y, Wu YL, Jiang L, Zhou DD, Zhang L. Multiple C-H⋯anion and N-H⋯anion hydrogen bond directed two-dimensional crystalline nanosheets with precise distance control of surface charges for enhanced DNA capture. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9125-9130. [PMID: 34570151 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01152a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing combined non-covalent interactions and introducing anions as structure-directing factors to build oriented self-assembly and 2D crystalline nanosheet superstructures with precise distance control of surface charges in competitive aqueous solvents still represents a formidable challenge for supramolecular chemists. Here we report a simple, efficient, and general strategy for multiple C-H/N-H⋯anion hydrogen bond enhanced π-π interaction directed 2D oriented self-assembly in water, which is based on the head-to-tail association of perylene monoimide dimers (PMIs) by directing N-H⋯anion interactions to position the anions to the C-H of π systems (PMIs). Interesting, this behavior only occurs for size-matched anions (Cl- to NO3-; <45 Å3), while larger anions could not form 2D crystalline nanosheet superstructures. The results show that crystalline nanosheet superstructures with precise distance control of surface charges can effectively capture DNA, possibly due to their high surface charge density and the distance match between the distance of surface charges and the distance between adjacent base pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laicheng Zhou
- PCFM Lab, and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Ran He
- PCFM Lab, and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yang Qin
- PCFM Lab, and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Li Jiang
- PCFM Lab, and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Dong-Dong Zhou
- PCFM Lab, and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- PCFM Lab, and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Bäumer N, Matern J, Fernández G. Recent progress and future challenges in the supramolecular polymerization of metal-containing monomers. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12248-12265. [PMID: 34603655 PMCID: PMC8480320 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03388c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of discrete molecular entities into functional nanomaterials has become a major research area in the past decades. The library of investigated compounds has diversified significantly, while the field as a whole has matured. The incorporation of metal ions in the molecular design of the (supra-)molecular building blocks greatly expands the potential applications, while also offering a promising approach to control molecular recognition and attractive and/or repulsive intermolecular binding events. Hence, supramolecular polymerization of metal-containing monomers has emerged as a major research focus in the field. In this perspective article, we highlight recent significant advances in supramolecular polymerization of metal-containing monomers and discuss their implications for future research. Additionally, we also outline some major challenges that metallosupramolecular chemists (will) have to face to produce metallosupramolecular polymers (MSPs) with advanced applications and functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Bäumer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Jonas Matern
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
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27
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Shi Y, Zhan G, Li H, Wang X, Liu X, Shi L, Wei K, Ling C, Li Z, Wang H, Mao C, Liu X, Zhang L. Simultaneous Manipulation of Bulk Excitons and Surface Defects for Ultrastable and Highly Selective CO 2 Photoreduction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100143. [PMID: 34331321 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of photocatalytic CO2 reduction (PCR) is to achieve high selectivity for a single energy-bearing product with high efficiency and stability. The bulk configuration usually determines charge carrier kinetics, whereas surface atomic arrangement defines the PCR thermodynamic pathway. Concurrent engineering of bulk and surface structures is therefore crucial for achieving the goal of PCR. Herein, an ultrastable and highly selective PCR using homogeneously doped BiOCl nanosheets synthesized via an inventive molten strategy is presented. With B2 O3 as both the molten salt and doping precursor, this new doping approach ensures boron (B) doping from the surface into the bulk with dual functionalities. Bulk B doping mitigates strong excitonic effects confined in 2D BiOCl by significantly reducing exciton binding energies, whereas surface-doped B atoms reconstruct the BiOCl surface by extracting lattice hydroxyl groups, resulting in intimate B-oxygen vacancy (B-OV) associates. These exclusive B-OV associates enable spontaneous CO2 activation, suppress competitive hydrogen evolution and promote the proton-coupled electron transfer step by stabilizing *COOH for selective CO generation. As a result, the homogeneous B-doped BiOCl nanosheets exhibit 98% selectivity for CO2 -to-CO reduction under visible light, with an impressive rate of 83.64 µmol g-1 h-1 and ultrastability for long-term testing of 120 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbiao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Lujia Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Cancan Ling
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zhilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Chengliang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
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28
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Panda SS, Shmilovich K, Herringer NSM, Marin N, Ferguson AL, Tovar JD. Computationally Guided Tuning of Peptide-Conjugated Perylene Diimide Self-Assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:8594-8606. [PMID: 34213333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-π-conjugated materials are important for biointerfacing charge-transporting applications due to their aqueous compatibility and formation of long-range π-electron networks. Perylene diimides (PDIs), well-established charge-transporting π systems, can self-assemble in aqueous solutions when conjugated with amino acids. In this work, we leveraged computational guidance from our previous work to access two different self-assembled architectures from PDI-amino acid conjugates. Furthermore, we expanded the design rule to other sequences to learn that the closest amino acids to the π core have a significant effect on the photophysical properties of the resulting assemblies. By simply altering glycine to alanine at the closest residue position, we observed significantly different electronic properties as revealed through UV-vis, photoluminescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopies. Accompanying molecular dynamics simulations revealed two distinct types of self-assembled architectures: cofacial structures when the smaller glycine residue is at the closest residue position to the π core versus rotationally shifted structures when glycine is substituted for the larger alanine. This study illustrates the use of tandem computations and experiments to unearth and understand new design rules for supramolecular materials and exposes a modest amino acid substitution as a means to predictably modulate the supramolecular organization and engineer the photophysical properties of π-conjugated peptidic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayak Subhra Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kirill Shmilovich
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Nicholas S M Herringer
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Nicolas Marin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Andrew L Ferguson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John D Tovar
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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29
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Dannenhoffer AJ, Sai H, Harutyunyan B, Narayanan A, Powers-Riggs NE, Edelbrock AN, Passarelli JV, Weigand SJ, Wasielewski MR, Bedzyk MJ, Palmer LC, Stupp SI. Growth of Extra-Large Chromophore Supramolecular Polymers for Enhanced Hydrogen Production. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3745-3752. [PMID: 33877843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c05024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The control of morphology in bioinspired chromophore assemblies is key to the rational design of functional materials for light harvesting. We investigate here morphological changes in perylene monoimide chromophore assemblies during thermal annealing in aqueous environments of high ionic strength to screen electrostatic repulsion. We found that annealing under these conditions leads to the growth of extra-large ribbon-shaped crystalline supramolecular polymers of widths from about 100 nm to several micrometers and lengths from 1 to 10 μm while still maintaining a unimolecular thickness. This growth process was monitored by variable-temperature absorbance spectroscopy, synchrotron X-ray scattering, and confocal microscopy. The extra-large single-crystal-like supramolecular polymers are highly porogenic, thus creating loosely packed hydrogel scaffolds that showed greatly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production with turnover numbers as high as 13 500 over ∼110 h compared to 7500 when smaller polymers are used. Our results indicate great functional opportunities in thermally and pathway-controlled supramolecular polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Dannenhoffer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hiroaki Sai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Bio-Inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Boris Harutyunyan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ashwin Narayanan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Natalia E Powers-Riggs
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Alexandra N Edelbrock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - James V Passarelli
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Steven J Weigand
- Dow-Northwestern-DuPont Collaborative Access Team Synchrotron Research Center, Northwestern University, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Bedzyk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Liam C Palmer
- Center for Bio-Inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Bio-Inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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30
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Matern J, Bäumer N, Fernández G. Unraveling Halogen Effects in Supramolecular Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7164-7175. [PMID: 33913728 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Halogens play a crucial role in numerous natural processes and synthetic materials due to their unique physicochemical properties and the diverse interactions they can engage in. In the field of supramolecular polymerization, however, halogen effects remain poorly understood, and investigations have been restricted to halogen bonding or the inclusion of polyfluorinated side groups. Recent contributions from our group have revealed that chlorine ligands greatly influence molecular packing and pathway complexity phenomena of various metal complexes. These results prompted us to explore the role of the halogen nature on supramolecular polymerization, a phenomenon that has remained unexplored to date. To address this issue, we have designed a series of archetypal bispyridyldihalogen PtII complexes bearing chlorine (1), bromine (2), or iodine (3) and systematically compared their supramolecular polymerization in nonpolar media using various experimental methods and theory. Our studies reveal a remarkably different supramolecular polymerization for the three compounds, which can undergo two competing pathways with either slipped (kinetic) or parallel (thermodynamic) molecular packing. The halogen exerts an inverse effect on the energetic levels of the two self-assembled states, resulting in a single thermodynamic pathway for 3, a transient kinetic species for 2, and a hidden thermodynamic state for 1. This seesaw-like bias of the energy landscape can be traced back to the involvement of the halogens in weak N-H···X hydrogen-bonding interactions in the kinetic pathway, whereas in the thermodynamic pathway the halogens are not engaged in the stabilizing interaction motif but rather amplify solvophobic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Matern
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Bäumer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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31
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Tang D, Shao C, Jiang S, Sun C, Song S. Graphitic C 2N 3: An Allotrope of g-C 3N 4 Containing Active Azide Pentagons as Metal-Free Photocatalyst for Abundant H 2 Bubble Evolution. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7208-7215. [PMID: 33871961 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A g-C3N4 allotrope, a curved leaf-like graphitic C2N3 (g-C2N3) with an intrinsic spontaneous polarization electric field (ISPEF), has been constructed for efficient solar energy conversion into H2 energy via photocatalytic H2O splitting. The curved leaf-like π-delocalization g-C2N3 was composed of aromatic azide pentagons and normal triazine hexagons obtained by cycloaddition between -C≡N groups from dicyandiamide polymerization and azide from the heat-treated polypyrrole fibers. Under light irradiation (λ > 420 nm), photo-generated charges are driven to separate efficiently and transfer from bulk to active sites of the surface under ISPEF that is opposite to the Coulomb field. Consequently, without any cocatalyst, g-C3N4 allotrope demonstrates a very high H2-production activity of 14.9 mmol g-1 h-1 accompanied by a lot of H2 bubbles, which is 2.6 times of g-C3N4 loading with Pt. In comparison with the reported metal-free photocatalysts or those supported with noble metals, g-C3N4 allotrope (i.e., leaf-like g-C2N3) is confirmed to be the best metal-free photocatalyst for H2O splitting into H2 fuel so far. The contructed leaf-like g-C2N3 with SPEF supplies a suitable platform for solar energy conversion into H2 fuel, which actively contributes to clean energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Tang
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengtian Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32033, Taiwan
| | - Shujuan Jiang
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanzhi Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqing Song
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
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32
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Canola S, Bagnara G, Dai Y, Ricci G, Calzolari A, Negri F. Addressing the Frenkel and charge transfer character of exciton states with a model Hamiltonian based on dimer calculations: Application to large aggregates of perylene bisimide. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:124101. [PMID: 33810656 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the influence of interchromophoric arrangements on photo-induced processes and optical properties of aggregates, it is fundamental to assess the contribution of local excitations [charge transfer (CT) and Frenkel (FE)] to exciton states. Here, we apply a general procedure to analyze the adiabatic exciton states derived from time-dependent density functional theory calculations, in terms of diabatic states chosen to coincide with local excitations within a restricted orbital space. In parallel, motivated by the need of cost-effective approaches to afford the study of larger aggregates, we propose to build a model Hamiltonian based on calculations carried out on dimers composing the aggregate. Both approaches are applied to study excitation energy profiles and CT character modulation induced by interchromophore rearrangements in perylene bisimide aggregates up to a tetramer. The dimer-based approach closely reproduces the results of full-aggregate calculations, and an analysis in terms of symmetry-adapted diabatic states discloses the effects of CT/FE interactions on the interchange of the H-/J-character for small longitudinal shifts of the chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Canola
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bagnara
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Yasi Dai
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gaetano Ricci
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Calzolari
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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33
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Costabel D, Skabeev A, Nabiyan A, Luo Y, Max JB, Rajagopal A, Kowalczyk D, Dietzek B, Wächtler M, Görls H, Ziegenbalg D, Zagranyarski Y, Streb C, Schacher FH, Peneva K. 1,7,9,10-Tetrasubstituted PMIs Accessible through Decarboxylative Bromination: Synthesis, Characterization, Photophysical Studies, and Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis. Chemistry 2021; 27:4081-4088. [PMID: 33241590 PMCID: PMC7986912 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a new synthetic strategy for fourfold-substituted perylene monoimides via tetrabrominated perylene monoanhydrides. X-ray diffraction analysis unveiled the intramolecular stacking orientation between the substituents and semicircular packing behavior. We observed the remarkable influence of the substituent on the longevity and nature of the excited state upon visible light excitation. In the presence of poly(dehydroalanine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) graft copolymers as solubilizing template, the chromophores are capable of sensitizing [Mo3 S13 ]2- clusters in aqueous solution for stable visible light driven hydrogen evolution over three days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Costabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Artem Skabeev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Afshin Nabiyan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Yusen Luo
- Institute of Physical ChemistryAbbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Johannes B. Max
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Ashwene Rajagopal
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry 1Ulm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Daniel Kowalczyk
- Institute of Chemical EngineeringUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical ChemistryAbbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Department of Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaAlbert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena andJena Center of Soft MatterFriedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Institute of Physical ChemistryAbbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Department of Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaAlbert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldt Straße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Dirk Ziegenbalg
- Institute of Chemical EngineeringUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Yulian Zagranyarski
- Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacySofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”1 James Bourchier Blvd.1164SofiaBulgaria
| | - Carsten Streb
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry 1Ulm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstraße 807743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena andJena Center of Soft MatterFriedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Kalina Peneva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstraße 807743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena andJena Center of Soft MatterFriedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
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34
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Wang L, Liu J, Wang H, Cheng H, Wu X, Zhang Q, Xu H. Forming electron traps deactivates self-assembled crystalline organic nanosheets toward photocatalytic overall water splitting. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:265-274. [PMID: 36654332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Most biological photoredox reactions occur in sophisticated molecular assemblies consisting of highly organized light-harvesting moieties and catalytic centers. Mimicking these prototypes by creating supramolecular assemblies could be a potentially viable approach toward artificial photosynthesis. Although self-assembled organic materials are known to carry out water splitting reactions, developing self-assembled organic materials for photocatalytic overall water splitting still remains a critical challenge. Herein, we first demonstrate that crystalline organic nanosheets assembled from linear oligo(phenylene butadiynylene) (OPB) are able to catalyze overall water splitting under visible light irradiation. Further investigations reveal that the photocatalytic activity of self-assembled organic structures is closely related to the crystalline structure along with the corresponding electronic structure. Structural disorders in OPB nanosheets and extrinsic factors such as adsorbed water molecules will induce the formation of electron traps which can make the OPB nanosheets thermodynamically unfavorable for photocatalytic overall water splitting. The deactivation mechanism unveiled in this study provides crucial insights into the assembling of artificial organic materials for future solar-to-chemical energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haiyun Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Qun Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Hangxun Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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35
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Deutsch M, Wirsing S, Kaiser D, Fink RF, Tegeder P, Engels B. Geometry relaxation-mediated localization and delocalization of excitons in organic semiconductors: A quantum chemical study. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:224104. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0028943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Deutsch
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg,, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S. Wirsing
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg,, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - D. Kaiser
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg,, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - R. F. Fink
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - P. Tegeder
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg,, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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36
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Bradbury NC, Chuang C, Deshmukh AP, Rabani E, Baer R, Caram JR, Neuhauser D. Stochastically Realized Observables for Excitonic Molecular Aggregates. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10111-10120. [PMID: 33251807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We show that a stochastic approach enables calculations of the optical properties of large 2-dimensional and nanotubular excitonic molecular aggregates. Previous studies of such systems relied on numerically diagonalizing the dense and disordered Frenkel Hamiltonian, which scales approximately as O(N3) for N dye molecules. Our approach scales much more efficiently as O(Nlog(N)), enabling quick study of systems with a million of coupled molecules on the micrometer size scale. We calculate several important experimental observables, including the optical absorption spectrum and density of states, and develop a stochastic formalism for the participation ratio. Quantitative agreement with traditional matrix diagonalization methods is demonstrated for both small- and intermediate-size systems. The stochastic methodology enables the study of the effects of spatial-correlation in site energies on the optical signatures of large 2D aggregates. Our results demonstrate that stochastic methods present a path forward for screening structural parameters and validating experiments and theoretical predictions in large excitonic aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine C Bradbury
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chern Chuang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arundhati P Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Eran Rabani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California and Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Roi Baer
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Justin R Caram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Daniel Neuhauser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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37
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Clemons TD, Stupp SI. Design of materials with supramolecular polymers. Prog Polym Sci 2020; 111:101310. [PMID: 33082608 PMCID: PMC7560124 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
One hundred years ago Hermann Staudinger was strongly criticized by his scientific peers for his macromolecular hypothesis, but today it is hard to imagine a world without polymers. His hypothesis described polymers as macromolecules composed of large numbers of structural units connected by covalent bonds. In the 1990s the concept of supramolecular polymers emerged in the scientific literature as discrete entities of large molar mass comparable to that of classical polymers but built through non-covalent bonds among monomers. Supramolecular polymers exist in biological systems, and potentially blend the physical properties of covalent polymers with unique features such as high degrees of internal order within the polymeric structure, defined shapes, and novel dynamics. This trend article provides a summary of seminal contributions in supramolecular polymerization and provides recent examples from the Stupp laboratory to demonstrate the potential applications of an exciting class of materials composed fully or partially of supramolecular polymers. In closing, we provide our perspective on future opportunities provided by this field at the onset of a second century of polymers. It is our objective here to demonstrate that this second century could be as prosperous, if not more so, than the preceding one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan D Clemons
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. 60611 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. 60611 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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38
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Shigemitsu H, Tani Y, Tamemoto T, Mori T, Li X, Osakada Y, Fujitsuka M, Kida T. Aggregation-induced photocatalytic activity and efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of amphiphilic rhodamines in water. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11843-11848. [PMID: 34123211 PMCID: PMC8162825 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04285d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of photocatalysts is an essential task for clean energy generation and establishing a sustainable society. This paper describes the aggregation-induced photocatalytic activity (AI-PCA) of amphiphilic rhodamines and photocatalytic functions of the supramolecular assemblies. The supramolecular assemblies consisting of amphiphilic rhodamines with octadecyl alkyl chains exhibited significant photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation in water, while the corresponding monomeric rhodamines did not exhibit photocatalytic activity. The studies on the photocatalytic mechanism by spectroscopic and microscopic analyses clearly demonstrated the AI-PCA of the rhodamines. Moreover, the supramolecular assemblies of the rhodamines exhibited excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rates (up to 5.9 mmol g-1 h-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Shigemitsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita 565-0871 Japan
- Frontier Research Base for Global Young Researchers, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita 565-0871 Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Youhei Tani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tomoe Tamemoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Xinxi Li
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University Mihogaoka 8-1 Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Yasuko Osakada
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University Mihogaoka 8-1 Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-creation Studies, Osaka University 1-1 Yamadagaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University Mihogaoka 8-1 Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita 565-0871 Japan
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39
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Wang R, Zhang C, Li Q, Zhang Z, Wang X, Xiao M. Charge Separation from an Intra-Moiety Intermediate State in the High-Performance PM6:Y6 Organic Photovoltaic Blend. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12751-12759. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qian Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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40
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Asymmetry in Charge Transfer Pathways Caused by Pigment–Protein Interactions in the Photosystem II Reaction Center Complex. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article discusses the photoinduced charge transfer (CT) kinetics within the reaction center complex of photosystem II (PSII RC). The PSII RC exhibits a structural symmetry in its arrangement of pigments forming two prominent branches, D1 and D2. Despite this symmetry, the CT has been observed to occur exclusively in the D1 branch. The mechanism to realize such functional asymmetry is yet to be understood. To approach this matter, we applied the theoretical tight-binding model of pigment excitations and simulated CT dynamics based upon the framework of an open quantum system. This simulation used a recently developed method of computation based on the quasi-adiabatic propagator path integral. A quantum CT state is found to be dynamically active when its site energy is resonant with the exciton energies of the PSII RC, regardless of the excitonic landscape we utilized. Through our investigation, it was found that the relative displacement between the local molecular energy levels of pigments can play a crucial role in realizing this resonance and therefore greatly affects the CT asymmetry in the PSII RC. Using this mechanism phenomenologically, we demonstrate that a near 100-to-1 ratio of reduction between the pheophytins in the D1 and D2 branches can be realized at both 77 K and 300 K. Our results indicate that the chlorophyll Chl D 1 is the most active precursor of the primary charge separation in the D1 branch and that the reduction of the pheophytins can occur within pico-seconds. Additionally, a broad resonance of the active CT state implies that a large static disorder observed in the CT state originates in the fluctuations of the relative displacements between the local molecular energy levels of the pigments in the PSII RC.
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41
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Wang H, Jiang S, Liu W, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Luo Y, Xie Y. Ketones as Molecular Co-catalysts for Boosting Exciton-Based Photocatalytic Molecular Oxygen Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11093-11100. [PMID: 32219966 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Excitonic processes in semiconductors open up the possibility for pursuing photocatalytic organic synthesis. However, the insufficient spin relaxation and robust nonradiative decays in semiconductors place restrictions on both quantum yield and selectivity of these reactions. Herein, by taking polymeric carbon nitride (PCN)/acetone as a prototypical system, we propose that extrinsic aliphatic ketones can serve as molecular co-catalysts for promoting spin-flip transition and suppressing non-radiative energy losses. Spectroscopic investigations indicate that hot excitons in PCN can be transferred to ketones, while triplet excitons in ketones can be transferred to PCN. As such, the PCN/ketone systems exhibit considerable triplet-exciton accumulation and extended visible-light response, leading to excellent performance in exciton-based photocatalysis, such as singlet oxygen generation. This work provides a fundamental understanding of energy harvesting in semiconductor/molecule systems, and paves the way for optimizing exciton-based photocatalysis via molecular co-catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.,Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Shenlong Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiu Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.,Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yi Xie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.,Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
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42
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Wang H, Jiang S, Liu W, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Luo Y, Xie Y. Ketones as Molecular Co‐catalysts for Boosting Exciton‐Based Photocatalytic Molecular Oxygen Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceSynergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
- Institute of EnergyHefei Comprehensive National Science Center Hefei Anhui 230031 P. R. China
| | - Shenlong Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceSynergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Wenxiu Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceSynergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceSynergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
- Institute of EnergyHefei Comprehensive National Science Center Hefei Anhui 230031 P. R. China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceSynergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceSynergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Yi Xie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceSynergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
- Institute of EnergyHefei Comprehensive National Science Center Hefei Anhui 230031 P. R. China
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43
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Sai H, Lau GC, Dannenhoffer AJ, Chin SM, D Ord Ević L, Stupp SI. Imaging Supramolecular Morphogenesis with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy at Elevated Temperatures. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4234-4241. [PMID: 32383889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The morphogenesis of supramolecular assemblies is a highly dynamic process that has only recently been recognized, and our understanding of this phenomenon will require imaging techniques capable of crossing scales. Shape transformations depend both on the complex energy landscapes of supramolecular systems and the kinetically controlled pathways that define their structures and functions. We report here the use of confocal laser scanning microscopy coupled with a custom-designed variable-temperature sample stage that enables in situ observation of such shape changes. The submicrometer resolution of this technique allows for real-time observation of the nanostructures in the native liquid environments in which they transform with thermal energy. We use this technique to study the temperature-dependent morphogenic behavior of peptide amphiphile nanofibers and photocatalytic chromophore amphiphile nanoribbons. The variable-temperature confocal microscopy technique demonstrated in this work can sample a large volume and provides real-time information on thermally induced morphological changes in the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Sai
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Garrett C Lau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Adam J Dannenhoffer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stacey M Chin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Luka D Ord Ević
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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44
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Dumele O, Chen J, Passarelli JV, Stupp SI. Supramolecular Energy Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907247. [PMID: 32162428 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly is a bioinspired strategy to craft materials for renewable and clean energy technologies. In plants, the alignment and assembly of the light-harvesting protein machinery in the green leaf optimize the ability to efficiently convert light from the sun to form chemical bonds. In artificial systems, strategies based on self-assembly using noncovalent interactions offer the possibility to mimic this functional correlation among molecules to optimize photocatalysis, photovoltaics, and energy storage. One of the long-term objectives of the field described here as supramolecular energy materials is to learn how to design soft materials containing light-harvesting assemblies and catalysts to generate fuels and useful chemicals. Supramolecular energy materials also hold great potential in the design of systems for photovoltaics in which intermolecular interactions in self-assembled structures, for example, in electron donor and acceptor phases, maximize charge transport and avoid exciton recombination. Possible pathways to integrate organic and inorganic structures by templating strategies and electrodeposition to create materials relevant to energy challenges including photoconductors and supercapacitors are also described. The final topic discussed is the synthesis of hybrid perovskites in which organic molecules are used to modify both structure and functions, which may include chemical stability, photovoltaics, and light emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Dumele
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - James V Passarelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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45
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Kaliakin DS, Nakata H, Kim Y, Chen Q, Fedorov DG, Slipchenko LV. FMOxFMO: Elucidating Excitonic Interactions in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson Complex with the Fragment Molecular Orbital Method. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:1175-1187. [PMID: 31841349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to study Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method is extended to compute electronic couplings between local excitations via the excited state transition density model, enabling efficient calculations of nonlocal excitations in a large molecular system and overcoming the previous limitation of being able to compute only local excitations. The results of these simple but accurate models are validated against full quantum calculations without fragmentation. The developed method is applied to a very important photosynthetic pigment-protein complex, the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex (FMOc), that is responsible for the energy transfer from a chlorosome to the reaction center in the green sulfur bacteria. Absorption and circular dichroism spectra of FMOc are simulated, and the role of the molecular environment on the excitations is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danil S Kaliakin
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Hiroya Nakata
- Research Institute for Advanced Materials and Devices , Kyocera , 5-3 Hikaridai-3 , Seika-cho Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0237 , Japan
| | - Yongbin Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Qifeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Dmitri G Fedorov
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat) , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1 , Tsukuba 305-8568 , Japan
| | - Lyudmila V Slipchenko
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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46
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Gao X, Gao K, Li X, Shang Y, Fu F. Hybrid PDI/BiOCl heterojunction with enhanced interfacial charge transfer for a full-spectrum photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01722d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The strong interaction between BiOCl and PDI preferentially formed. Owing to the strongly coupled heterojunction interface and conjugated structure of PDI, a rapid interfacial charge transfer was allowed from PDI to BiOCl across the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering
- Yan'an University
- Yanan
- P. R.China
| | - Kailong Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering
- Yan'an University
- Yanan
- P. R.China
| | - Xibao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Shang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering
- Yan'an University
- Yanan
- P. R.China
| | - Feng Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering
- Yan'an University
- Yanan
- P. R.China
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47
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Biswas S, Kumar M, Levine AM, Jimenez I, Ulijn RV, Braunschweig AB. Visible-light photooxidation in water by 1O2-generating supramolecular hydrogels. Chem Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06481h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An aqueous photocatalytic system exploits photophysical properties arising from the formation of supramolecular hydrogels, with properties and assembly modulated by the amino acids appended to an organic chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankarsan Biswas
- Advanced Science Research Center
- Graduate Center
- City University of New York
- New York
- USA
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Advanced Science Research Center
- Graduate Center
- City University of New York
- New York
- USA
| | - Andrew M. Levine
- Advanced Science Research Center
- Graduate Center
- City University of New York
- New York
- USA
| | - Ian Jimenez
- Advanced Science Research Center
- Graduate Center
- City University of New York
- New York
- USA
| | - Rein V. Ulijn
- Advanced Science Research Center
- Graduate Center
- City University of New York
- New York
- USA
| | - Adam B. Braunschweig
- Advanced Science Research Center
- Graduate Center
- City University of New York
- New York
- USA
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48
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Nishio S, Kurashige Y. Rank-one basis made from matrix-product states for a low-rank approximation of molecular aggregates. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:084110. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5093346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Nishio
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Kurashige
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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49
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Dannenhoffer A, Sai H, Huang D, Nagasing B, Harutyunyan B, Fairfield DJ, Aytun T, Chin SM, Bedzyk MJ, Olvera de la Cruz M, Stupp SI. Impact of charge switching stimuli on supramolecular perylene monoimide assemblies. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5779-5786. [PMID: 31293765 PMCID: PMC6568310 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05595e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of stimuli-responsive amphiphilic supramolecular nanostructures is an attractive target for systems based on light-absorbing chromophores that can function as photosensitizers in water. We report here on a water soluble supramolecular carboxylated perylene monoimide system in which charge can be switched significantly by a change in pH. This was accomplished by substituting the perylene core with an ionizable hydroxyl group. In acidic environments, crystalline supramolecular nanoribbons with dimensions on the order of 500 × 50 × 2 nm form readily, while in basic solution the additional electrostatic repulsion of the ionized hydroxyl reduces assemblies to very small dimensions on the order of only several nanometers. The HOMO/LUMO levels were also found to be sensitive to pH; in acidic media the HOMO/LUMO levels are -5.65 and -3.70 eV respectively versus vacuum, whereas is in basic conditions they are -4.90 and -3.33 eV, respectively. Utilizing the assemblies as photosensitizers in photocatalytic production of hydrogen with [Mo3S13]2- as a catalyst at a pH of 4, H2 was generated with a turnover number of 125 after 18 hours. Charge switching the assemblies at a pH of 9-10 and using an iron porphyrin catalyst, protons could again be reduced to hydrogen and CO2 was reduced to CO with a turnover number of 30. The system investigated offers an example of dynamic photosensitizing assemblies that can drive reactions in both acidic and basic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dannenhoffer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , 2220 Campus Drive , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA
| | - Hiroaki Sai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , 2220 Campus Drive , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute , Northwestern University , 303 E. Superior , Chicago , Illinois 60611 , USA
| | - Dongxu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , 2220 Campus Drive , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA
| | - Benjamin Nagasing
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
| | - Boris Harutyunyan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA
| | - Daniel J Fairfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , 2220 Campus Drive , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA
| | - Taner Aytun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , 2220 Campus Drive , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA
| | - Stacey M Chin
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
| | - Michael J Bedzyk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , 2220 Campus Drive , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , 2220 Campus Drive , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , 2220 Campus Drive , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
- Department of Medicine , Northwestern University , 676 N St. Clair , Chicago , Illinois 60611 , USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute , Northwestern University , 303 E. Superior , Chicago , Illinois 60611 , USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA
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Huang T, Lewis DK, Sharifzadeh S. Assessing the Role of Intermolecular Interactions in a Perylene-Based Nanowire Using First-Principles Many-Body Perturbation Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2842-2848. [PMID: 31002517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a first-principles many-body perturbation theory study of the role of intermolecular coupling in the optoelectronic properties of a one-dimensional (1D) π-stacked nanowire composed of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide molecules on a DNA-like backbone. We determine that strong intermolecular electronic coupling results in large bandwidths and low carrier effective masses, suggesting a high-electron mobility material. Additionally, by including the role of finite-temperature phonons on optical absorption via a newly presented approach, we predict that the optical absorption spectrum is significantly altered from that at zero temperature due to allowed indirect transitions, while the exciton delocalization and binding energy, a measure of intermolecular electronic interactions, remains constant. Overall, our studies indicate that strong intermolecular coupling can dominate the optoelectronic properties of π-conjugated 1D systems even at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlun Huang
- Division of Materials and Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - D Kirk Lewis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Sahar Sharifzadeh
- Division of Materials and Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
- Department of Physics , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
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