1
|
Vargas DA, Ren X, Sengupta A, Zhu L, Roy S, Garcia-Borràs M, Houk KN, Fasan R. Biocatalytic strategy for the construction of sp 3-rich polycyclic compounds from directed evolution and computational modelling. Nat Chem 2024; 16:817-826. [PMID: 38351380 PMCID: PMC11088497 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Catalysis with engineered enzymes has provided more efficient routes for the production of active pharmaceutical agents. However, the potential of biocatalysis to assist in early-stage drug discovery campaigns remains largely untapped. In this study, we have developed a biocatalytic strategy for the construction of sp3-rich polycyclic compounds via the intramolecular cyclopropanation of benzothiophenes and related heterocycles. Two carbene transferases with complementary regioisomer selectivity were evolved to catalyse the stereoselective cyclization of benzothiophene substrates bearing diazo ester groups at the C2 or C3 position of the heterocycle. The detailed mechanisms of these reactions were elucidated by a combination of crystallographic and computational analyses. Leveraging these insights, the substrate scope of one of the biocatalysts could be expanded to include previously unreactive substrates, highlighting the value of integrating evolutionary and rational strategies to develop enzymes for new-to-nature transformations. The molecular scaffolds accessed here feature a combination of three-dimensional and stereochemical complexity with 'rule-of-three' properties, which should make them highly valuable for fragment-based drug discovery campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Vargas
- Process Research and Development, Merck, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Xinkun Ren
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Arkajyoti Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ledong Zhu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Satyajit Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Marc Garcia-Borràs
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
O'Connell A, Barry A, Burke AJ, Hutton AE, Bell EL, Green AP, O'Reilly E. Biocatalysis: landmark discoveries and applications in chemical synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2828-2850. [PMID: 38407834 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00689a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has become an important tool in chemical synthesis, allowing access to complex molecules with high levels of activity and selectivity and with low environmental impact. Key discoveries in protein engineering, bioinformatics, recombinant technology and DNA sequencing have contributed towards the rapid acceleration of the field. This tutorial review explores enzyme engineering strategies and high-throughput screening approaches that have been applied for the discovery and development of enzymes for synthetic application. Landmark developments in the field are discussed and have been carefully selected to highlight the diverse synthetic applications of enzymes within the pharmaceutical, agricultural, food and chemical industries. The design and development of artificial biocatalytic cascades is also examined. This tutorial review will give readers an insight into the landmark discoveries and milestones that have helped shape and grow this branch of catalysis since the discovery of the first enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam O'Connell
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Amber Barry
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Ashleigh J Burke
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Amy E Hutton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Elizabeth L Bell
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Anthony P Green
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Elaine O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heckmann CM, Paul CE. Enantio-Complementary Synthesis of 2-Substituted Pyrrolidines and Piperidines via Transaminase-Triggered Cyclizations. JACS AU 2023; 3:1642-1649. [PMID: 37388678 PMCID: PMC10301811 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Chiral N-heterocycles are a common motif in many active pharmaceutical ingredients; however, their synthesis often relies on the use of heavy metals. In recent years, several biocatalytic approaches have emerged to reach enantiopurity. Here, we describe the asymmetric synthesis of 2-substituted pyrrolidines and piperidines, starting from commercially available ω-chloroketones by using transaminases, which has not yet been comprehensively studied. Analytical yields of up to 90% and enantiomeric excesses of up to >99.5% for each enantiomer were achieved, which has not previously been shown for bulky substituents. This biocatalytic approach was applied to synthesize (R)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)pyrrolidine on a 300 mg scale, affording 84% isolated yield, with >99.5% ee.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharma H, Mondal J, Ghosh AK, Pal RR, Goswami RK. Total synthesis of the antibacterial polyketide natural product thailandamide lactone. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13403-13408. [PMID: 36507156 PMCID: PMC9682914 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04727f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereoselective total synthesis of the structurally intriguing polyketide natural product thailandamide lactone was accomplished, and done so using a convergent approach for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The key features of this synthesis included use of a Crimmins acetate aldol reaction, Evans methylation, Urpi acetal aldol reaction, Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation and subsequent γ-lactonization for the installation of six asymmetric centers and the use of the Negishi reaction, Julia-Kocienski olefination, cross metathesis, HWE olefination and intermolecular Heck coupling for construction of a variety of unsaturated linkages. Pd(i)-based Heck coupling was introduced, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, quite efficiently to couple the major eastern and sensitive western segments of the molecule. The antibacterial activity of thailandamide lactone was also evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himangshu Sharma
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of ScienceJadavpurKolkata-700032India
| | - Joyanta Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of ScienceJadavpurKolkata-700032India
| | - Ananyo K. Ghosh
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of ScienceJadavpurKolkata-700032India
| | - Ritesh Ranjan Pal
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of ScienceJadavpurKolkata-700032India
| | - Rajib Kumar Goswami
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of ScienceJadavpurKolkata-700032India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Taday F, Ryan J, O’Sullivan R, O’Reilly E. Transaminase-Mediated Amine Borrowing via Shuttle Biocatalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:74-79. [PMID: 34910480 PMCID: PMC8762705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Shuttle catalysis has emerged as a useful methodology for the reversible transfer of small functional groups, such as CO and HCN, and goes far beyond transfer hydrogenation chemistry. While a biocatalytic hydrogen-borrowing methodology is well established, the biocatalytic borrowing of alternative functional groups has not yet been realized. Herein, we present a new concept of amine borrowing via biocatalytic shuttle catalysis, which has no counterpart in chemo-shuttle catalysis and allows efficient intermolecular amine shuttling to generate reactive intermediates in situ. By coupling this dynamic exchange with an irreversible downstream step to displace the reaction equilibrium in the forward direction, high conversion to target products can be achieved. We showcase the potential of this amine-borrowing methodology using a biocatalytic equivalent of both the Knorr-pyrrole synthesis and Pictet-Spengler reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freya Taday
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham,
University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - James Ryan
- School
of Chemistry, Science Centre South, University
College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rachel O’Sullivan
- School
of Chemistry, Science Centre South, University
College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Elaine O’Reilly
- School
of Chemistry, Science Centre South, University
College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Taday F, Cairns R, O'Connell A, O'Reilly E. Combining bio- and organocatalysis for the synthesis of piperidine alkaloids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1697-1700. [PMID: 35022626 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03865f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
There is continued interest in developing cascade processes for the synthesis of key chiral building blocks and bioactive natural products (or analogues). Here, we report a hybrid bio-organocatalytic cascade for the synthesis of a small panel of 2-substituted piperidines, relying on a transaminase to generate a key reactive intermediate for the complexity building Mannich reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freya Taday
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ryan Cairns
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, UK.,School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Adam O'Connell
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Elaine O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Transaminase Catalysis for Enantiopure Saturated Heterocycles as Potential Drug Scaffolds. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11121501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As efforts in rational drug design are driving the pharmaceutical industry towards more complex molecules, the synthesis and production of these new drugs can benefit from new reaction routes. In addition to the introduction of new centers of asymmetry, complexity can be also increased by ring saturation, which also provides improved developability measures. Therefore, in this report, our aim was to develop transaminase (TA)-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of a new group of potential chiral drug scaffolds comprising a saturated amine heterocycle backbone and an asymmetric primary amine sidechain (55a–g). We screened the Codex® Amine Transaminase Kit of 24 transaminases with the morpholine containing ketone 57a, resulting in one (R)-selective TA and three (S)-selective TAs operating at 100 mM substrate concentration and 25 v/v% isopropylamine (IPA) content. The optimized reaction conditions were than applied for asymmetric transamination of further six ketones (57b–g) containing various amine heterocycles, in which a strong effect of the substitution pattern of the γ-position relative to the substituted N-atom could be observed. Mediated by the most enantiotope selective (S)-TAs in scaled-up process, the (S)-amines [(S)-55a–g] were isolated with moderate-to-excellent yields (47–94%) in enantiopure form (>99% ee).
Collapse
|
8
|
Sánchez-Roselló M, Escolano M, Gaviña D, Del Pozo C. Two Decades of Progress in the Asymmetric Intramolecular aza-Michael Reaction. CHEM REC 2021; 22:e202100161. [PMID: 34415097 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric intramolecular aza-Michael reaction (IMAMR) is a very convenient strategy for the generation of heterocycles bearing nitrogen-substituted stereocenters. Due to the ubiquitous presence of these skeletons in natural products, the IMAMR has found widespread applications in the total synthesis of alkaloids and biologically relevant compounds. The development of asymmetric versions of the IMAMR are quite recent, most of them reported in this century. The fundamental advances in this field involve the use of organocatalysts. Chiral imidazolidinones, diaryl prolinol derivatives, Cinchone-derived primary amines and quaternary ammonium salts, and BINOL-derived phosphoric acids account for the success of those methodologies. Moreover, the use of N-sulfinyl imines with a dual role, as nitrogen nucleophiles and as chiral auxiliaries, appeared as a versatile mode of performing the asymmetric IMAMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Sánchez-Roselló
- Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia), Spain
| | - Marcos Escolano
- Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia), Spain
| | - Daniel Gaviña
- Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia), Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pozo
- Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cigan E, Eggbauer B, Schrittwieser JH, Kroutil W. The role of biocatalysis in the asymmetric synthesis of alkaloids - an update. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28223-28270. [PMID: 35480754 PMCID: PMC9038100 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04181a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are a group of natural products with interesting pharmacological properties and a long history of medicinal application. Their complex molecular structures have fascinated chemists for decades, and their total synthesis still poses a considerable challenge. In a previous review, we have illustrated how biocatalysis can make valuable contributions to the asymmetric synthesis of alkaloids. The chemo-enzymatic strategies discussed therein have been further explored and improved in recent years, and advances in amine biocatalysis have vastly expanded the opportunities for incorporating enzymes into synthetic routes towards these important natural products. The present review summarises modern developments in chemo-enzymatic alkaloid synthesis since 2013, in which the biocatalytic transformations continue to take an increasingly 'central' role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Cigan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Bettina Eggbauer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Joerg H Schrittwieser
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhu K, Jiang M, Ye B, Zhang GT, Li W, Tang P, Huang Z, Chen F. A unified strategy to prostaglandins: chemoenzymatic total synthesis of cloprostenol, bimatoprost, PGF 2α, fluprostenol, and travoprost guided by biocatalytic retrosynthesis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10362-10370. [PMID: 34377422 PMCID: PMC8336452 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03237b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of efficient and stereoselective synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) is of utmost importance, owing to their valuable medicinal applications and unique chemical structures. We report here a unified synthesis of PGs cloprostenol, bimatoprost, PGF2α, fluprostenol, and travoprost from the readily available dichloro-containing bicyclic ketone 6a guided by biocatalytic retrosynthesis, in 11-12 steps with 3.8-8.4% overall yields. An unprecedented Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO)-catalyzed stereoselective oxidation of 6a (99% ee), and a ketoreductase (KRED)-catalyzed diastereoselective reduction of enones 12 (87 : 13 to 99 : 1 dr) were utilized in combination for the first time to set the critical stereochemical configurations under mild conditions. Another key transformation was the copper(ii)-catalyzed regioselective p-phenylbenzoylation of the secondary alcohol of diol 10 (9.3 : 1 rr). This study not only provides an alternative route to the highly stereoselective synthesis of PGs, but also showcases the usefulness and great potential of biocatalysis in construction of complex molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kejie Zhu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Meifen Jiang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Baijun Ye
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Guo-Tai Zhang
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Weijian Li
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Pei Tang
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Zedu Huang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China.,Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Q, Xie X, Tang M, Tao W, Shi T, Zhang Y, Huang T, Zhao Y, Deng Z, Lin S. One-Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of an Aminodiol Intermediate of Florfenicol Using Engineered Transketolase and Transaminase. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinyue Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mancheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wentao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yilei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Paul A, Kim JH, Daniel SD, Seidel D. Diversification of Unprotected Alicyclic Amines by C-H Bond Functionalization: Decarboxylative Alkylation of Transient Imines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1625-1628. [PMID: 32975859 PMCID: PMC7854982 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts by many practitioners in the field, methods for the direct α-C-H bond functionalization of unprotected alicyclic amines remain rare. A new advance in this area utilizes N-lithiated alicyclic amines. These readily accessible intermediates are converted to transient imines through the action of a simple ketone oxidant, followed by alkylation with a β-ketoacid under mild conditions to provide valuable β-amino ketones with unprecedented ease. Regioselective α'-alkylation is achieved for substrates with existing α-substituents. The method is further applicable to the convenient one-pot synthesis of polycyclic dihydroquinolones through the incorporation of a SN Ar step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirudra Paul
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Current address: College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Scott D Daniel
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Paul A, Kim JH, Daniel SD, Seidel D. Diversification of Unprotected Alicyclic Amines by C−H Bond Functionalization: Decarboxylative Alkylation of Transient Imines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anirudra Paul
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- Current address: College of Pharmacy Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Scott D. Daniel
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ramsden JI, Cosgrove SC, Turner NJ. Is it time for biocatalysis in fragment-based drug discovery? Chem Sci 2020; 11:11104-11112. [PMID: 34094353 PMCID: PMC8162304 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04103c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biocatalysts for fragment-based drug discovery has yet to be fully investigated, despite the promise enzymes hold for the synthesis of poly-functional, non-protected small molecules. Here we analyze products of the biocatalysis literature to demonstrate the potential for not only fragment generation, but also the enzyme-mediated elaboration of these fragments. Our analysis demonstrates that biocatalytic products can readily populate 3D chemical space, offering diverse catalytic approaches to help generate new, bioactive molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy I Ramsden
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Sebastian C Cosgrove
- Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- School of Chemical and Physical Science, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bari A, Iqbal A, Khan ZA, Shahzad SA, Yar M. Synthetic approaches toward piperidine related structures: A review. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1776878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Bari
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Anjum Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yar
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Maram L, Tanaka F. Switching Electrophile Intermediates to Nucleophiles: Michael and Oxa-Diels-Alder Reactions to Afford Polyoxy-Functionalized Piperidine Derivatives with Tetrasubstituted Carbon. Org Lett 2020; 22:2751-2755. [PMID: 32193936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Michael, Michael-annulation, and oxa-Diels-Alder reactions of carbohydrate derivatives that afford polyoxy-functionalized piperidine derivatives bearing tetrasubstituted carbon at the 3-position of the piperidine ring are reported. Iminium ions generated from carbohydrate derivatives with amines were converted to enamines in situ, which acted as nucleophiles. As a result, substituents were introduced at the 3-position or both 2- and 3-positions of the piperidines bearing polyoxy groups. This strategy will be useful in drug discovery efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingaiah Maram
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Fujie Tanaka
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Taday F, Ryan J, Argent SP, Caprio V, Maciá B, O'Reilly E. Asymmetric Construction of Alkaloids by Employing a Key ω-Transaminase Cascade. Chemistry 2020; 26:3729-3732. [PMID: 32022300 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An ω-transaminase-triggered intramolecular aza-Michael reaction has been employed for the preparation of cyclic β-enaminones in good yield and excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivity, starting from easily accessible prochiral ketoynones and commercially available enzymes. The powerful thermodynamic driving force associated with the spontaneous aza-Michael reaction effectively displaces the transaminase reaction equilibrium towards product formation, using only two equivalents of isopropylamine. To demonstrate the potential of this methodology, this biocatalytic aza-Michael step was combined with annulation chemistry, affording unique stereo-defined fused alkaloid architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freya Taday
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - James Ryan
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,current address: School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Argent
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Vittorio Caprio
- Faculty of Science & Engineering, Division of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Beatriz Maciá
- Faculty of Science & Engineering, Division of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Elaine O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,current address: School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Said Stålsmeden A, Paterson AJ, Szigyártó IC, Thunberg L, Johansson JR, Beke-Somfai T, Kann N. Chiral 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles - versatile tools for foldamers and peptidomimetic applications. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1957-1967. [PMID: 32101244 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00168f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,4- and 1,5-Disubstituted triazole amino acid monomers have gained increasing interest among peptidic foldamers, as they are easily prepared via Cu- and Ru-catalyzed click reactions, with the potential for side chain variation. While the latter is key to their applicability, the synthesis and structural properties of the chiral mono- or disubstituted triazole amino acids have only been partially addressed. We here present the synthesis of all eight possible chiral derivatives of a triazole monomer prepared via a ruthenium-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (RuAAC). To evaluate the conformational properties of the individual building units, a systematic quantum chemical study was performed on all monomers, indicating their capacity to form several low energy conformers. This feature may be used to effect structural diversity when the monomers are inserted into various peptide sequences. We envisage that these results will facilitate new applications for these artificial oligomeric compounds in diverse areas, ranging from pharmaceutics to biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Said Stålsmeden
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Andrew J Paterson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Imola Cs Szigyártó
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Linda Thunberg
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan R Johansson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Nina Kann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dutt S, Goel V, Garg N, Choudhury D, Mallick D, Tyagi V. Biocatalytic Aza‐Michael Addition of Aromatic Amines to Enone Using α‐Amylase in Water. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Dutt
- School of Chemistry and BiochemistryThapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004, Punjab India
| | - Vanshita Goel
- School of Chemistry and BiochemistryThapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004, Punjab India
| | - Neha Garg
- School of Basic SciencesIndian Institute of Technology Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Diptiman Choudhury
- School of Chemistry and BiochemistryThapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004, Punjab India
| | - Dibyendu Mallick
- Department of ChemistryPresidency University Kolkata 700073, West Bengal India
| | - Vikas Tyagi
- School of Chemistry and BiochemistryThapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004, Punjab India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Thorpe TW, France SP, Hussain S, Marshall JR, Zawodny W, Mangas-Sanchez J, Montgomery SL, Howard RM, Daniels DSB, Kumar R, Parmeggiani F, Turner NJ. One-Pot Biocatalytic Cascade Reduction of Cyclic Enimines for the Preparation of Diastereomerically Enriched N-Heterocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19208-19213. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Thorpe
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Scott P. France
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Shahed Hussain
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - James R. Marshall
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Wojciech Zawodny
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Juan Mangas-Sanchez
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Sarah L. Montgomery
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Roger M. Howard
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David S. B. Daniels
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development Discovery Park, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Eastman H, Ryan J, Maciá B, Caprio V, O'Reilly E. Alcohol Dehydrogenase‐Triggered Oxa‐Michael Reaction for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Disubstituted Tetrahydropyrans and Tetrahydrofurans. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Eastman
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - James Ryan
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Beatriz Maciá
- Faculty of Science & Engineering, Division of Chemistry & Environmental ScienceManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD United Kingdom
| | - Vittorio Caprio
- Faculty of Science & Engineering, Division of Chemistry & Environmental ScienceManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD United Kingdom
| | - Elaine O'Reilly
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Current address: School of ChemistryUniversity College Dublin Belfield, Dublin 4 Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Adams JP, Brown MJB, Diaz‐Rodriguez A, Lloyd RC, Roiban G. Biocatalysis: A Pharma Perspective. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Adams
- API Chemistry, Medicinal Science and TechnologyPharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG12NY U.K
| | - Murray J. B. Brown
- Synthetic Biochemistry, Medicinal Science and TechnologyPharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG12NY U.K
| | - Alba Diaz‐Rodriguez
- API Chemistry, Medicinal Science and TechnologyPharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG12NY U.K
| | - Richard C. Lloyd
- API Chemistry, Medicinal Science and TechnologyPharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG12NY U.K
| | - Gheorghe‐Doru Roiban
- Synthetic Biochemistry, Medicinal Science and TechnologyPharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG12NY U.K
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Feng Y, Wang Z, Luo Z, Chen M, He F, Liu B, Goldmann S, Zhang L. Further Optimization of a Scalable Biocatalytic Route to (3 R)- N-Boc-3-aminoazepane with Immobilized ω-Transaminase. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Feng
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhongqing Wang
- HEC Research and Development Center, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
- Anti-infection Innovation Department, New Drug Research Institute, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Luo
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Minghong Chen
- HEC Research and Development Center, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
| | - Fang He
- HEC Research and Development Center, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- HEC Research and Development Center, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
| | - Siegfried Goldmann
- Anti-infection Innovation Department, New Drug Research Institute, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Maram L, Tanaka F. Mannich Reactions of Carbohydrate Derivatives with Ketones To Afford Polyoxy-Functionalized Piperidines. Org Lett 2019; 21:1165-1169. [PMID: 30693778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mannich reactions of carbohydrate derivatives with ketones that afford polyoxy-functionalized piperidines are reported. Ketone nucleophiles (enamines/enolates) were generated in the presence of the amines used for the formation of the iminium ions of sugar derivatives with or without an additive. Conditions to preferentially generate piperidine derivatives rather than tetrahydrofurans were identified. Products from the reactions of allyl ketones were readily transformed to bicyclic piperidines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingaiah Maram
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit , Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , 1919-1 Tancha , Onna , Okinawa 904-0495 , Japan
| | - Fujie Tanaka
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit , Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , 1919-1 Tancha , Onna , Okinawa 904-0495 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xu J, Green AP, Turner NJ. Chemo‐Enzymatic Synthesis of Pyrazines and Pyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Anthony P. Green
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xu J, Green AP, Turner NJ. Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Pyrazines and Pyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16760-16763. [PMID: 30335228 PMCID: PMC6391939 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the biocatalytic synthesis of substituted pyrazines and pyrroles using a transaminase (ATA) to mediate the key amination step of the ketone precursors. Treatment of α-diketones with ATA-113 in the presence of a suitable amine donor yielded the corresponding α-amino ketones which underwent oxidative dimerization to the pyrazines. Selective amination of α-diketones in the presence of β-keto esters afforded substituted pyrroles in a biocatalytic equivalent of the classical Knorr pyrrole synthesis. Finally we have shown that pyrroles can be prepared by internal amine transfer catalyzed by a transaminase in which no external amine donor is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Anthony P Green
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chidley T, Murphy GK. Cyclopropanation of alkenes with metallocarbenes generated from monocarbonyl iodonium ylides. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8486-8490. [PMID: 30379184 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02636j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Reacting Wittig reagents and the hypervalent iodine reagent iodosotoluene, in the presence of 10 mol% Cu(tfacac)2 and 5 equiv. of alkene, results in a novel cyclopropanation reaction. The reagent combination is believed to generate a transient monocarbonyl iodonium ylide (MCIY) in situ, which can be intercepted by the copper catalyst to give a metallocarbene. Both ester and ketone derived phosphoranes can be used, as can styrenyl and non-styrenyl alkenes, which provides cyclopropanes in yields up to 81%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Chidley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L3G1.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lisnyak VG, Lynch-Colameta T, Snyder SA. Mannich-type Reactions of Cyclic Nitrones: Effective Methods for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Piperidine-containing Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15162-15166. [PMID: 30276949 PMCID: PMC7199385 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Even though there are dozens of biologically active 2-substituted and 2,6-disubstituted piperidines, only a limited number of approaches exist for their synthesis. Herein is described two Mannich-type additions to nitrones, one using β-ketoacids under catalyst-free conditions and another using methyl ketones in the presence of chiral thioureas, which can generate a broad array of such 2-substituted materials, as well as other ring variants, in the form of β-N-hydroxy-aminoketones. Both processes have broad scope, with the latter providing products with high enantioselectivity (up to 98 %). The combination of these methods, along with other critical steps, has enabled 8-step total syntheses of the 2,6-disubstituted piperidine alkaloids (-)-lobeline and (-)-sedinone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav G Lisnyak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Tessa Lynch-Colameta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Scott A Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lisnyak VG, Lynch‐Colameta T, Snyder SA. Mannich‐type Reactions of Cyclic Nitrones: Effective Methods for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Piperidine‐containing Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav G. Lisnyak
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Tessa Lynch‐Colameta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Scott A. Snyder
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Roy TK, Parhi B, Ghorai P. Cinchonamine Squaramide Catalyzed Asymmetric aza-Michael Reaction: Dihydroisoquinolines and Tetrahydropyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9397-9401. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kumar Roy
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal; Bhopal By-pass Road Bhauri Bhopal- 462066 India
| | - Biswajit Parhi
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal; Bhopal By-pass Road Bhauri Bhopal- 462066 India
| | - Prasanta Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal; Bhopal By-pass Road Bhauri Bhopal- 462066 India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Roy TK, Parhi B, Ghorai P. Cinchonamine Squaramide Catalyzed Asymmetric aza-Michael Reaction: Dihydroisoquinolines and Tetrahydropyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kumar Roy
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal; Bhopal By-pass Road Bhauri Bhopal- 462066 India
| | - Biswajit Parhi
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal; Bhopal By-pass Road Bhauri Bhopal- 462066 India
| | - Prasanta Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal; Bhopal By-pass Road Bhauri Bhopal- 462066 India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen QB, Gao J, Zou GA, Xin XL, Aisa HA. Piperidine Alkaloids with Diverse Skeletons from Anacyclus pyrethrum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:1474-1482. [PMID: 29775308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen new piperidine derivatives, pyracyclumines A-J (1-10), including five pairs of enantiomers, (+)-1/(-)-1 to (+)-5/(-)-5, together with three known compounds, agrocybenine (11), 4,6,6-trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-2(1 H)-pyridone (12), and 3,5,5-trimethyl-1,5-dihydro-2 H-pyrrol-2-one (13), were isolated from the roots of Anacyclus pyrethrum. Pyracyclumines A, B, and H (1, 2, and 8) possess a novel 6/5/6/6 dimeric piperidine skeleton, a unique 6/5/6 dimeric piperidine skeleton, and a 1,4,6-triazaindan skeleton, respectively. Pyracyclumine C (3) is based on a rare cyclopentane-piperidine framework. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by analysis of their NMR and HRESIMS data. The racemic pyracyclumines A-E (1-5) were further separated by chiral HPLC to give the enantiomers (+)-1/(-)-1 to (+)-5/(-)-5, for which the absolute configurations were determined by comparison of their experimental and calculated ECD spectra. The plausible biogenetic pathways of these piperidine alkaloids were proposed starting from the basic units of compounds 12 and 13. All of the isolated compounds were tested for their inhibitory effects on menin-mixed lineage leukemia 1 protein-protein interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Zone and State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi 830011 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Zone and State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi 830011 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-An Zou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Zone and State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi 830011 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Lei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Zone and State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi 830011 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Zone and State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi 830011 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yamazaki S, Naito T, Tatsumi T, Kakiuchi K. Synthesis of Piperidines via Intramolecular Hydride Transfer from α-Amino sp 3
Carbon Atoms to Ethenetricarboxylate-Derived Fragments and Further Cyclization. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry; Nara University of Education, Takabatake-cho; Nara 630-8528 Japan
| | - Taku Naito
- Department of Chemistry; Nara University of Education, Takabatake-cho; Nara 630-8528 Japan
| | - Taiki Tatsumi
- Department of Chemistry; Nara University of Education, Takabatake-cho; Nara 630-8528 Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kakiuchi
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Takayama; Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Aleku GA, Mangas-Sanchez J, Citoler J, France SP, Montgomery SL, Heath RS, Thompson MP, Turner NJ. Kinetic Resolution and Deracemization of Racemic Amines Using a Reductive Aminase. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Godwin A. Aleku
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Juan Mangas-Sanchez
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Joan Citoler
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Scott P. France
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Sarah L. Montgomery
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Rachel S. Heath
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Matthew P. Thompson
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gomm A, O'Reilly E. Transaminases for chiral amine synthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 43:106-112. [PMID: 29278779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Amine transaminases are important biocatalysts for the synthesis of chiral primary amines. Unlike many enzymes that have been employed for the synthesis of optically active amines, amine transaminases are capable of asymmetric synthesis and do not rely on costly cofactors that must be regenerated in situ. However, their application as general catalysts for the preparation of amines is hampered by a limited substrate scope, substrate and (co)product inhibition and difficulties associated with displacing challenging reaction equilibrium. There has been important progress made to overcome these challenges, including the development of enzymes with broader substrate scope and the design of methodology to effectively displace the reaction equilibrium. Amine transaminases are also being applied in an increasing range of (chemo)enzymatic cascades and immobilized for applications in flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gomm
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cao J, Feng L, Feng S. Preparation of supramolecular silicone elastomersviahomo- and hetero-assembly. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04468b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular silicone elastomers were preparedviaself-assembly and they exhibit ultra-low temperature resistance and tunable mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials & Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
| | - Linglong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials & Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
| | - Shengyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials & Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fuchs CS, Farnberger JE, Steinkellner G, Sattler JH, Pickl M, Simon RC, Zepeck F, Gruber K, Kroutil W. Asymmetric Amination of α-Chiral Aliphatic Aldehydes via
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution to Access Stereocomplementary Brivaracetam and Pregabalin Precursors. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine S. Fuchs
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, ACIB GmbH, c/o; University of Graz; Harrachgasse 21 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Judith E. Farnberger
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, ACIB GmbH, c/o; University of Graz; Harrachgasse 21 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Georg Steinkellner
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, ACIB GmbH, c/o; University of Graz; Harrachgasse 21 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; University of Graz; Humboldtstrasse 50/3 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Johann H. Sattler
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry; University of Graz; Harrachgasse 21 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Mathias Pickl
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry; University of Graz; Harrachgasse 21 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Robert C. Simon
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry; University of Graz; Harrachgasse 21 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Ferdinand Zepeck
- Sandoz GmbH; Biocatalysis Lab; Biochemiestrasse 10 6250 Kundl Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; University of Graz; Humboldtstrasse 50/3 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry; University of Graz; Harrachgasse 21 8010 Graz Austria
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Slabu I, Galman JL, Lloyd RC, Turner NJ. Discovery, Engineering, and Synthetic Application of Transaminase Biocatalysts. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iustina Slabu
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James L. Galman
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C. Lloyd
- Dr.
Reddy’s Laboratories, Chirotech Technology Centre, CB4 0PE Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Albarrán-Velo J, González-Martínez D, Gotor-Fernández V. Stereoselective biocatalysis: A mature technology for the asymmetric synthesis of pharmaceutical building blocks. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1340457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Albarrán-Velo
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Martínez
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor-Fernández
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hönig M, Sondermann P, Turner NJ, Carreira EM. Enantioselective Chemo- and Biocatalysis: Partners in Retrosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8942-8973. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Hönig
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Philipp Sondermann
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology & School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Erick M. Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hönig M, Sondermann P, Turner NJ, Carreira EM. Enantioselektive Chemo- und Biokatalyse: Partner in der Retrosynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Hönig
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Philipp Sondermann
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology & School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Erick M. Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Feng L, Zhu S, Zhang W, Mei K, Wang H, Feng S. Preparation and Characterization of Functional Alkoxysilanes via Catalyst-Free Aza-Michael Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Mei
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|