1
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Sohoni S, Ghosh I, Nash GT, Jones CA, Lloyd LT, Li BC, Ji KL, Wang Z, Lin W, Engel GS. Optically accessible long-lived electronic biexcitons at room temperature in strongly coupled H- aggregates. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8280. [PMID: 39333466 PMCID: PMC11437198 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Photon absorption is the first process in light harvesting. Upon absorption, the photon redistributes electrons in the materials to create a Coulombically bound electron-hole pair called an exciton. The exciton subsequently separates into free charges to conclude light harvesting. When two excitons are in each other's proximity, they can interact and undergo a two-particle process called exciton-exciton annihilation. In this process, one electron-hole pair spontaneously recombines: its energy is lost and cannot be harnessed for applications. In this work, we demonstrate the creation of two long-lived excitons on the same chromophore site (biexcitons) at room temperature in a strongly coupled H-aggregated zinc phthalocyanine material. We show that exciton-exciton annihilation is suppressed in these H- aggregated chromophores at fluences many orders of magnitudes higher than solar light. When we chemically connect the same aggregated chromophores to allow exciton diffusion, we observe that exciton-exciton annihilation is switched on. Our findings demonstrate a chemical strategy, to toggle on and off the exciton-exciton annihilation process that limits the dynamic range of photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Sohoni
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Indranil Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Geoffrey T Nash
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Claire A Jones
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lawson T Lloyd
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Beiye C Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karen L Ji
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zitong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory S Engel
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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2
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Lv J, Liu A, Shi D, Li M, Liu X, Wan Y. Hot Carrier Trapping and It's Influence to the Carrier Diffusion in CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Film Revealed by Transient Absorption Microscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403507. [PMID: 38733084 PMCID: PMC11267283 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The defects in perovskite film can cause charge carrier trapping which shortens carrier lifetime and diffusion length. So defects passivation has become promising for the perovskite studies. However, how defects disturb the carrier transport and how the passivating affects the carrier transport in CsPbBr3 are still unclear. Here the carrier dynamics and diffusion processes of CsPbBr3 and LiBr passivated CsPbBr3 films are investigated by using transient absorption spectroscopy and transient absorption microscopy. It's found that there is a fast hot carrier trapping process with the above bandgap excitation, and the hot carrier trapping would decrease the population of cold carriers which are diffusible, then lower the carrier diffusion constant. It's proved that LiBr can passivate the defect and lower the trapping probability of hot carriers, thus improve the carrier diffusion rate. The finding demonstrates the influence of hot carrier trapping to the carrier diffusion in CsPbBr3 film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Lv
- College of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875P. R. China
| | - Ao Liu
- College of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875P. R. China
| | - Danli Shi
- College of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875P. R. China
| | - Minjie Li
- College of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875P. R. China
| | - Xi Liu
- College of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875P. R. China
| | - Yan Wan
- College of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875P. R. China
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3
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Deshmukh AP, Zheng W, Chuang C, Bailey AD, Williams JA, Sletten EM, Egelman EH, Caram JR. Near-atomic-resolution structure of J-aggregated helical light-harvesting nanotubes. Nat Chem 2024; 16:800-808. [PMID: 38316987 PMCID: PMC11088501 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cryo-electron microscopy has delivered a resolution revolution for biological self-assemblies, yet only a handful of structures have been solved for synthetic supramolecular materials. Particularly for chromophore supramolecular aggregates, high-resolution structures are necessary for understanding and modulating the long-range excitonic coupling. Here, we present a 3.3 Å structure of prototypical biomimetic light-harvesting nanotubes derived from an amphiphilic cyanine dye (C8S3-Cl). Helical 3D reconstruction directly visualizes the chromophore packing that controls the excitonic properties. Our structure clearly shows a brick layer arrangement, revising the previously hypothesized herringbone arrangement. Furthermore, we identify a new non-biological supramolecular motif-interlocking sulfonates-that may be responsible for the slip-stacked packing and J-aggregate nature of the light-harvesting nanotubes. This work shows how independently obtained native-state structures complement photophysical measurements and will enable accurate understanding of (excitonic) structure-function properties, informing materials design for light-harvesting chromophore aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati P Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Weili Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Chern Chuang
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Austin D Bailey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jillian A Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ellen M Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edward H Egelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Justin R Caram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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4
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Carta A, Wittmann B, Kreger K, Schmidt HW, Jansen TLC, Hildner R. Spatial Correlations Drive Long-Range Transport and Trapping of Excitons in Single H-Aggregates: Experiment and Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2697-2707. [PMID: 38427597 PMCID: PMC10946646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Describing long-range energy transport is a crucial step, both toward deepening our knowledge on natural light-harvesting systems and toward developing novel photoactive materials. Here, we combine experiment and theory to resolve and reproduce energy transport on pico- to nanosecond time scales in single H-type supramolecular nanofibers based on carbonyl-bridged triarylamines (CBT). Each nanofiber shows energy transport dynamics over long distances up to ∼1 μm, despite exciton trapping at specific positions along the nanofibers. Using a minimal Frenkel exciton model including disorder, we demonstrate that spatial correlations in the normally distributed site energies are crucial to reproduce the experimental data. In particular, we can observe the long-range and subdiffusive nature of the exciton dynamics as well as the trapping behavior of excitons in specific locations of the nanofiber. This trapping behavior introduces a net directionality or asymmetry in the exciton dynamics as observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Carta
- Materials
Theory, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Wittmann
- Spectroscopy
of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Klaus Kreger
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Schmidt
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas L. C. Jansen
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Hildner
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Cai B, Song H, Brnovic A, Pavliuk MV, Hammarström L, Tian H. Promoted Charge Separation and Long-Lived Charge-Separated State in Porphyrin-Viologen Dyad Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18687-18692. [PMID: 37582183 PMCID: PMC10472426 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Developing light-harvesting systems with efficient photoinduced charge separation and long-lived charge-separated (CS) state is desirable but still challenging. In this study, we designed a zinc porphyrin photosensitizer covalently linked with viologen (ZnP-V) that can be prepared into nanoparticles in aqueous solution. In DMF solution, the monomeric ZnP-V dyads show no electron transfer between the ZnP and viologen units. In contrast, the ZnP-V nanoparticles in aqueous solution show fast charge separation with a CS state lifetime of up to 4.3 ms. This can be attributed to charge hopping induced by aggregation or distance modification between the donor and acceptor induced by electronic interaction. Nevertheless, the lifetime of the CS state is orders of magnitude longer than for molecular aggregates reported previously. The ZnP-V nanoparticles show enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production as compared to the ZnP nanoparticles and still hold promise for other applications such as photovoltaic devices and photoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cai
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hongwei Song
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andjela Brnovic
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mariia V. Pavliuk
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Haining Tian
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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6
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Li Q, Wang R, Yu T, Wang X, Zhang ZG, Zhang Y, Xiao M, Zhang C. Long-Range Charge Separation Enabled by Intramoiety Delocalized Excitations in Copolymer Donors in Organic Photovoltaic Blends. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7498-7506. [PMID: 37581453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
For over two decades, most high-performance organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have been made with donor:acceptor bulk heterojunctions with domain sizes limited by exciton diffusion, where charge separation mostly takes place through the dissociation of the interfacial charge-transfer (xCT) excitons. Recently, nonfullerene acceptor (NFA)-based OPVs have shown excellent compatibility to device structures with large domains in active layers. However, it remains elusive how the excitations that are distant from the interfaces are converted into free charges. Here, we report the identification of a new charge separation channel in model copolymer/NFA blends mediated by intra-moiety delocalized excitations in both planar heterojunctions and donor-enriched bulk heterojunctions. The delocalized excitations induced by interchromophore electronic interactions in copolymer donors mediate the long-range charge separation and dissociate into free charges without forming the bound xCT states first, releasing the constraints associated with the short exciton diffusion length in organic materials. The long-range charge separation mechanism uncovered in this work, in cooperation with the short-range xCT-mediated pathway, holds the potential to further optimize OPVs with diverse device structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Tao Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Nanjing University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
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7
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Luo H, Wan Q, Choi W, Tsutsui Y, Dmitrieva E, Du L, Phillips DL, Seki S, Liu J. Two-Step Synthesis of B 2 N 2 -Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Containing Pentagonal and Heptagonal Rings with Long-Lived Delayed Fluorescence. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301769. [PMID: 37093207 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pentagon-heptagon embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have aroused increasing attention in recent years due to their unique physicochemical properties. Here, for the first time, this report demonstrates a facile method for the synthesis of a novel B2 N2 -doped PAH (BN-2) containing two pairs of pentagonal and heptagonal rings in only two steps. In the solid state of BN-2, two different conformations, including saddle-shaped and up-down geometries, are observed. Through a combined spectroscopic and calculation study, the excited-state dynamics of BN-2 is well-investigated in this current work. The resultant pentagon-heptagon embedded B2 N2 -doped BN-2 displays both prompt fluorescence and long-lived delayed fluorescence components at room temperature, with the triplet excited-state lifetime in the microsecond time region (τ = 19 µs). The triplet-triplet annihilation is assigned as the mechanism for the observed long-lived delayed fluorescence. Computational analyses attributed this observation to the small energy separation between the singlet and triplet excited states, facilitating the intersystem crossing (ISC) process which is further validated by the ultrafast spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Luo
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wookjin Choi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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8
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Tian X, Xiao Y, Wang S, Liu G, Zhang W, Zhou L, Gong J, Zhang X, Li X, Meng H, Wang J, Dai G, Wang Q. Bowl-Shaped Bispyrrole-Fused Perylene-diimide and Its Anions. Org Lett 2023; 25:1605-1610. [PMID: 36602376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating two pyrrole subunits at the bay positions of perylene-diimide has been a long-pursued goal since 2009, but it has not been achieved due to high strain. Herein, via one step Buchwald-Hartwig reaction, PDI-2N was successfully generated with a bowl depth of 1.52 Å. Though with electron-rich pyrrole embedding, PDI-2N's radical anion and dianion were facilely prepared and were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Moreover, PDI-2N crystallized in different manners under distinct conditions, and it formed tubular crystals with infinite two-directional columnar stacking under DMF conditions. This finding develops a dream bowl-shaped PDI derivative that holds great promise in organoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Shuoyingjie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Guanghua Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Laiyun Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Jianye Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xuejin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - He Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Gaole Dai
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
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9
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Paulino V, Liu K, Cesiliano V, Tsironi I, Mukhopadhyay A, Kaufman M, Olivier JH. Covalent post-assembly modification of π-conjugated supramolecular polymers delivers structurally robust light-harvesting nanoscale objects. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4448-4456. [PMID: 36752225 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06806k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A two-component stapling strategy is used to covalently tether a new class of water-soluble supramolecular polymers built from bay-functionalized perylene bisimide (PBI) units. By leveraging a novel combined strategy where excitonic coupling and fluorescence data are exploited as spectroscopic reporters, structural design principles are established to form light-harvesting superstructures whose ground-state electronic properties are not sensitive to solvation environments. Moreover, we interrogate the structural properties of stapled superstructures by capitalizing on the drastic changes in fluorescence quantum yields against parent supramolecular assemblies. In essence, our work shows that the combination of excitonic coupling measurements and photoluminescence experiments delineates a more accurate understanding of the design principles required to limit the degree of structural defects and magnify short- and long-range electronic couplings between redox-active units in this new class of solvated nanoscale objects. These results highlight that the fragile conformation of non-covalent assemblies, which are regulated by weak secondary interactions, can be preserved by post-assembly modification of preformed supramolecular polymers. These synthetic and spectroscopic principles can in turn be codified as experimental handles to parameterize the optoelectronic properties of light-harvesting nanoscale objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Paulino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Cox Science Centre, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Kaixuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Cox Science Centre, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Valentino Cesiliano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Cox Science Centre, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Ifigeneia Tsironi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Cox Science Centre, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Arindam Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Cox Science Centre, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Maria Kaufman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Cox Science Centre, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Jean-Hubert Olivier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Cox Science Centre, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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10
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Behera T, Pathoor N, Mukherjee R, Chowdhury A. Deciphering modes of long-range energy transfer in perovskite crystals using confocal excitation and wide-field fluorescence spectral imaging. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2022; 10. [PMID: 36063814 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac8f85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Excitation energy migration beyond mesoscale is of contemporary interest for both solar photovoltaic and light-emissive devices, especially in context of organometal halide perovskites (OMHPs) which have been shown to have very long (charge carrier) diffusion lengths. While understanding the energy propagation pathways in OMHPs is crucial for further advancement of material design and improvement of opto-electronic features, the simultaneous existence of multiple processes like carrier diffusion, photon recycling, and photon transport makes it often complex to differentiate them. In this study, we unravel the diverse yet dominant excitation energy transfer mode(s) in crystalline MAPbBr3 micron-sized 1-D rods and plates by localized (confocal) laser excitation coupled with spectrally-resolved wide-field fluorescence imaging. While rarely used, this technique can efficiently probe excitation migration beyond the diffraction limit and can be realized by simple modification of existing epifluorescence microscopy setups. We find that in rods of length below ~2 microns, carrier diffusion dominates amongst the various energy transfer processes. However, the transient non-radiative defects severely inhibit the extent of carrier migration and also temporarily affect the radiative recombination dynamics of the photo-carriers. For MAPbBr3 plates of several tens of micrometers, we find that the photoluminescence (PL) spectral characteristics remain unaltered at short distances (< ~3 μm) whilst at a larger distance, the spectral profile is gradually red-shifted. This implies that carrier diffusion dominates over small distances, while photon recycling, i.e., repeated re-absorption and re-emission of photons propagates excitation energy transfer over extended length scales with assistance from wave-guided photon transport. Our findings can potentially be used for future studies on the characterization of energy transport mechanisms in semiconductor solids as well as for organic (molecular) self-assembled microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejmani Behera
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Department of Chemistry, IIT-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, INDIA
| | - Nithin Pathoor
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Department of Chemistry, IIT-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, INDIA
| | - Rajat Mukherjee
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Department of Chemistry, IIT-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, INDIA
| | - Arindam Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Department of Chemistry, IIT-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, INDIA
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11
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Sneyd A, Beljonne D, Rao A. A New Frontier in Exciton Transport: Transient Delocalization. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6820-6830. [PMID: 35857739 PMCID: PMC9340810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Efficient exciton transport is crucial to the application of organic semiconductors (OSCs) in light-harvesting devices. While the physics of exciton transport in highly disordered media is well-explored, the description of transport in structurally and energetically ordered OSCs is less established, despite such materials being favorable for devices. In this Perspective we describe and highlight recent research pointing toward a highly efficient exciton transport mechanism which occurs in ordered OSCs, transient delocalization. Here, exciton-phonon couplings play a critical role in allowing localized exciton states to temporarily access higher-energy delocalized states whereupon they move large distances. The mechanism shows great promise for facilitating long-range exciton transport and may allow for improved device efficiencies and new device architectures. However, many fundamental questions on transient delocalization remain to be answered. These questions and suggested next steps are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
J. Sneyd
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory
for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University
of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Akshay Rao
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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12
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Zhou X, Lin S, Yan H. Interfacing DNA nanotechnology and biomimetic photonic complexes: advances and prospects in energy and biomedicine. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:257. [PMID: 35658974 PMCID: PMC9164479 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled photonic systems with well-organized spatial arrangement and engineered optical properties can be used as efficient energy materials and as effective biomedical agents. The lessons learned from natural light-harvesting antennas have inspired the design and synthesis of a series of biomimetic photonic complexes, including those containing strongly coupled dye aggregates with dense molecular packing and unique spectroscopic features. These photoactive components provide excellent features that could be coupled to multiple applications including light-harvesting, energy transfer, biosensing, bioimaging, and cancer therapy. Meanwhile, nanoscale DNA assemblies have been employed as programmable and addressable templates to guide the formation of DNA-directed multi-pigment complexes, which can be used to enhance the complexity and precision of artificial photonic systems and show the potential for energy and biomedical applications. This review focuses on the interface of DNA nanotechnology and biomimetic photonic systems. We summarized the recent progress in the design, synthesis, and applications of bioinspired photonic systems, highlighted the advantages of the utilization of DNA nanostructures, and discussed the challenges and opportunities they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Su Lin
- Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.,School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Hao Yan
- Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. .,School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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13
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Zhou X, Liu H, Djutanta F, Satyabola D, Jiang S, Qi X, Yu L, Lin S, Hariadi RF, Liu Y, Woodbury NW, Yan H. DNA-templated programmable excitonic wires for micron-scale exciton transport. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Biaggne A, Spear L, Barcenas G, Ketteridge M, Kim YC, Melinger JS, Knowlton WB, Yurke B, Li L. Data-Driven and Multiscale Modeling of DNA-Templated Dye Aggregates. Molecules 2022; 27:3456. [PMID: 35684394 PMCID: PMC9182218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dye aggregates are of interest for excitonic applications, including biomedical imaging, organic photovoltaics, and quantum information systems. Dyes with large transition dipole moments (μ) are necessary to optimize coupling within dye aggregates. Extinction coefficients (ε) can be used to determine the μ of dyes, and so dyes with a large ε (>150,000 M−1cm−1) should be engineered or identified. However, dye properties leading to a large ε are not fully understood, and low-throughput methods of dye screening, such as experimental measurements or density functional theory (DFT) calculations, can be time-consuming. In order to screen large datasets of molecules for desirable properties (i.e., large ε and μ), a computational workflow was established using machine learning (ML), DFT, time-dependent (TD-) DFT, and molecular dynamics (MD). ML models were developed through training and validation on a dataset of 8802 dyes using structural features. A Classifier was developed with an accuracy of 97% and a Regressor was constructed with an R2 of above 0.9, comparing between experiment and ML prediction. Using the Regressor, the ε values of over 18,000 dyes were predicted. The top 100 dyes were further screened using DFT and TD-DFT to identify 15 dyes with a μ relative to a reference dye, pentamethine indocyanine dye Cy5. Two benchmark MD simulations were performed on Cy5 and Cy5.5 dimers, and it was found that MD could accurately capture experimental results. The results of this study exhibit that our computational workflow for identifying dyes with a large μ for excitonic applications is effective and can be used as a tool to develop new dyes for excitonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Biaggne
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.B.); (L.S.); (G.B.); (M.K.); (W.B.K.); (B.Y.)
| | - Lawrence Spear
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.B.); (L.S.); (G.B.); (M.K.); (W.B.K.); (B.Y.)
| | - German Barcenas
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.B.); (L.S.); (G.B.); (M.K.); (W.B.K.); (B.Y.)
| | - Maia Ketteridge
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.B.); (L.S.); (G.B.); (M.K.); (W.B.K.); (B.Y.)
| | - Young C. Kim
- Materials Science and Technology Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA;
| | - Joseph S. Melinger
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA;
| | - William B. Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.B.); (L.S.); (G.B.); (M.K.); (W.B.K.); (B.Y.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.B.); (L.S.); (G.B.); (M.K.); (W.B.K.); (B.Y.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Lan Li
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.B.); (L.S.); (G.B.); (M.K.); (W.B.K.); (B.Y.)
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, ID 83401, USA
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15
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Dimitriev OP. Dynamics of Excitons in Conjugated Molecules and Organic Semiconductor Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8487-8593. [PMID: 35298145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The exciton, an excited electron-hole pair bound by Coulomb attraction, plays a key role in photophysics of organic molecules and drives practically important phenomena such as photoinduced mechanical motions of a molecule, photochemical conversions, energy transfer, generation of free charge carriers, etc. Its behavior in extended π-conjugated molecules and disordered organic films is very different and very rich compared with exciton behavior in inorganic semiconductor crystals. Due to the high degree of variability of organic systems themselves, the exciton not only exerts changes on molecules that carry it but undergoes its own changes during all phases of its lifetime, that is, birth, conversion and transport, and decay. The goal of this review is to give a systematic and comprehensive view on exciton behavior in π-conjugated molecules and molecular assemblies at all phases of exciton evolution with emphasis on rates typical for this dynamic picture and various consequences of the above dynamics. To uncover the rich variety of exciton behavior, details of exciton formation, exciton transport, exciton energy conversion, direct and reverse intersystem crossing, and radiative and nonradiative decay are considered in different systems, where these processes lead to or are influenced by static and dynamic disorder, charge distribution symmetry breaking, photoinduced reactions, electron and proton transfer, structural rearrangements, exciton coupling with vibrations and intermediate particles, and exciton dissociation and annihilation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg P Dimitriev
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS of Ukraine, pr. Nauki 41, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
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16
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Nakata K, Kobayashi T, Tokunaga E. Extremely large electrooptic effect of the TPPS J-aggregates in PVA, PVP polymer matrix and aqueous solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12513-12527. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00427e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecules of tetra-phenyl porphyrin tetra-sulfonic acid (TPPS) form a J-aggregate by self-organization in aqueous solution. The J-aggregates composed in an aqueous solution added with hydrochloric acid were dispersed in...
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17
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Wittmann B, Biskup T, Kreger K, Köhler J, Schmidt HW, Hildner R. All-optical manipulation of singlet exciton transport in individual supramolecular nanostructures by triplet gating. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:998-1005. [PMID: 34731228 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00514f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Directed transport of singlet excitation energy is a key process in natural light-harvesting systems and a desired feature in assemblies of functional organic molecules for organic electronics and nanotechnology applications. However, progress in this direction is hampered by the lack of concepts and model systems. Here we demonstrate an all-optical approach to manipulate singlet exciton transport pathways within supramolecular nanostructures via singlet-triplet annihilation, i.e., to enforce an effective motion of singlet excitons along a predefined direction. For this proof-of-concept, we locally photo-generate a long-lived triplet exciton population and subsequently a singlet exciton population on single bundles of H-type supramolecular nanofibres using two temporally and spatially separated laser pulses. The local triplet exciton population operates as a gate for the singlet exciton transport since singlet-triplet annihilation hinders singlet exciton motion across the triplet population. We visualize this manipulation of singlet exciton transport via the fluorescence signal from the singlet excitons, using a detection-beam scanning approach combined with time-correlated single-photon counting. Our reversible, all-optical manipulation of singlet exciton transport can pave the way to realising new design principles for functional photonic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Wittmann
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Till Biskup
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kreger
- Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Köhler
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Schmidt
- Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Richard Hildner
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Pandya R, Chen RYS, Gu Q, Sung J, Schnedermann C, Ojambati OS, Chikkaraddy R, Gorman J, Jacucci G, Onelli OD, Willhammar T, Johnstone DN, Collins SM, Midgley PA, Auras F, Baikie T, Jayaprakash R, Mathevet F, Soucek R, Du M, Alvertis AM, Ashoka A, Vignolini S, Lidzey DG, Baumberg JJ, Friend RH, Barisien T, Legrand L, Chin AW, Yuen-Zhou J, Saikin SK, Kukura P, Musser AJ, Rao A. Microcavity-like exciton-polaritons can be the primary photoexcitation in bare organic semiconductors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6519. [PMID: 34764252 PMCID: PMC8585971 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong-coupling between excitons and confined photonic modes can lead to the formation of new quasi-particles termed exciton-polaritons which can display a range of interesting properties such as super-fluidity, ultrafast transport and Bose-Einstein condensation. Strong-coupling typically occurs when an excitonic material is confided in a dielectric or plasmonic microcavity. Here, we show polaritons can form at room temperature in a range of chemically diverse, organic semiconductor thin films, despite the absence of an external cavity. We find evidence of strong light-matter coupling via angle-dependent peak splittings in the reflectivity spectra of the materials and emission from collective polariton states. We additionally show exciton-polaritons are the primary photoexcitation in these organic materials by directly imaging their ultrafast (5 × 106 m s-1), ultralong (~270 nm) transport. These results open-up new fundamental physics and could enable a new generation of organic optoelectronic and light harvesting devices based on cavity-free exciton-polaritons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Pandya
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Y. S. Chen
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Qifei Gu
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Oluwafemi S. Ojambati
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Rohit Chikkaraddy
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeffrey Gorman
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Gianni Jacucci
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Olimpia D. Onelli
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Tom Willhammar
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Duncan N. Johnstone
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, CB3 0FS Cambridge, UK
| | - Sean M. Collins
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, CB3 0FS Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul A. Midgley
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, CB3 0FS Cambridge, UK
| | - Florian Auras
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Tomi Baikie
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Rahul Jayaprakash
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, UK
| | - Fabrice Mathevet
- grid.462019.80000 0004 0370 0168Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Richard Soucek
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Matthew Du
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Antonios M. Alvertis
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Arjun Ashoka
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - David G. Lidzey
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, UK
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard H. Friend
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Thierry Barisien
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Legrand
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alex W. Chin
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joel Yuen-Zhou
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Semion K. Saikin
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA ,grid.510678.dKebotix Inc., 501 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Philipp Kukura
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Andrew J. Musser
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK.
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19
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Kunsel T, Jansen TLC, Knoester J. Scaling relations of exciton diffusion in linear aggregates with static and dynamic disorder. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:134305. [PMID: 34624980 DOI: 10.1063/5.0065206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exciton diffusion plays an important role in many opto-electronic processes and phenomena. Understanding the interplay of intermolecular coupling, static energetic disorder, and dephasing caused by environmental fluctuations (dynamic disorder) is crucial to optimize exciton diffusion under various physical conditions. We report on a systematic analysis of the exciton diffusion constant in linear aggregates using the Haken-Strobl-Reineker model to describe this interplay. We numerically investigate the static-disorder scaling of (i) the diffusion constant in the limit of small dephasing rate, (ii) the dephasing rate at which the diffusion is optimized, and (iii) the value of the diffusion constant at the optimal dephasing rate. Three scaling regimes are found, associated with, respectively, fully delocalized exciton states (finite-size effects), weakly localized states, and strongly localized states. The scaling powers agree well with analytically estimated ones. In particular, in the weakly localized regime, the numerical results corroborate the so-called quantum Goldilocks principle to find the optimal dephasing rate and maximum diffusion constant as a function of static disorder, while in the strong-localization regime, these quantities can be derived fully analytically.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kunsel
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T L C Jansen
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Knoester
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Prodhan S, Giannini S, Wang L, Beljonne D. Long-Range Interactions Boost Singlet Exciton Diffusion in Nanofibers of π-Extended Polymer Chains. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8188-8193. [PMID: 34415752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Raising the distance covered by singlet excitons during their lifetimes to values maximizing light absorption (a few hundred nm) would solve the exciton diffusion bottleneck issue and lift the constraint for fine (∼10 nm) phase segregation in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. In that context, the recent report of highly ordered conjugated polymer nanofibers featuring singlet exciton diffusion length, LD, in excess of 300 nm is both appealing and intriguing [Jin, X.; et al. Science 2018, 360 (6391), 897-900]. Here, on the basis of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that singlet exciton diffusion in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) fibers is highly sensitive to the interplay between delocalization along the polymer chains and long-range interactions along the stacks. Remarkably, the diffusion coefficient is predicted to rocket by 3 orders of magnitude when going beyond nearest-neighbor intermolecular interactions in fibers of extended (30-mer) polymer chains and to be resilient to interchain energetic and positional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryoday Prodhan
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Samuele Giannini
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Linjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
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21
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Sneyd AJ, Fukui T, Paleček D, Prodhan S, Wagner I, Zhang Y, Sung J, Collins SM, Slater TJA, Andaji-Garmaroudi Z, MacFarlane LR, Garcia-Hernandez JD, Wang L, Whittell GR, Hodgkiss JM, Chen K, Beljonne D, Manners I, Friend RH, Rao A. Efficient energy transport in an organic semiconductor mediated by transient exciton delocalization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/32/eabh4232. [PMID: 34348902 PMCID: PMC8336960 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh4232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Efficient energy transport is desirable in organic semiconductor (OSC) devices. However, photogenerated excitons in OSC films mostly occupy highly localized states, limiting exciton diffusion coefficients to below ~10-2 cm2/s and diffusion lengths below ~50 nm. We use ultrafast optical microscopy and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations to study well-ordered poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanofiber films prepared using living crystallization-driven self-assembly, and reveal a highly efficient energy transport regime: transient exciton delocalization, where energy exchange with vibrational modes allows excitons to temporarily re-access spatially extended states under equilibrium conditions. We show that this enables exciton diffusion constants up to 1.1 ± 0.1 cm2/s and diffusion lengths of 300 ± 50 nm. Our results reveal the dynamic interplay between localized and delocalized exciton configurations at equilibrium conditions, calling for a re-evaluation of exciton dynamics and suggesting design rules to engineer efficient energy transport in OSC device architectures not based on restrictive bulk heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Sneyd
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Tomoya Fukui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - David Paleček
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Suryoday Prodhan
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Isabella Wagner
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6010, New Zealand
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Sean M Collins
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thomas J A Slater
- Electron Physical Science Imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source Ltd., Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | - Liam R MacFarlane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - J Diego Garcia-Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Linjun Wang
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | | | - Justin M Hodgkiss
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6010, New Zealand
| | - Kai Chen
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6010, New Zealand
- Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium.
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Richard H Friend
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Akshay Rao
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
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22
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Min F, Zhou P, Huang Z, Qiao Y, Yu C, Qu Z, Shi X, Li Z, Jiang L, Zhang Z, Yan X, Song Y. A Bubble-Assisted Approach for Patterning Nanoscale Molecular Aggregates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16547-16553. [PMID: 33974728 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a new approach to pattern functional organic molecules with a template of foams, and achieve a resolution of sub 100 nm. The bubble-assisted assembly (BAA) process is consisted of two periods, including bubble evolution and molecular assembly, which are dominated by the Laplace pressure and molecular interactions, respectively. Using TPPS (meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin), we systematically investigate the patterns and assembly behaviour in the bubble system with a series of characterizations, which show good uniformity in nanoscale resolution. Theoretical simulations reveal that TPPS's J-aggregates contribute to the ordered construction of molecular patterns. Finally, we propose an empirical rule for molecular patterning approach, that the surfactant and functional molecules should have the same type of charge in a two-component system. This approach exhibits promising feasibility to assemble molecular patterns at nanoscale resolution for micro/nano functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyi Min
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhandong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Yali Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Changhui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xuehai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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23
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Min F, Zhou P, Huang Z, Qiao Y, Yu C, Qu Z, Shi X, Li Z, Jiang L, Zhang Z, Yan X, Song Y. A Bubble‐Assisted Approach for Patterning Nanoscale Molecular Aggregates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanyi Min
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zhandong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering The University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Yali Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Changhui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Xuehai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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24
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Kriete B, Bondarenko AS, Alessandri R, Patmanidis I, Krasnikov VV, Jansen TLC, Marrink SJ, Knoester J, Pshenichnikov MS. Molecular versus Excitonic Disorder in Individual Artificial Light-Harvesting Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18073-18085. [PMID: 32985187 PMCID: PMC7582617 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural light-harvesting antennae employ a dense array of chromophores to optimize energy transport via the formation of delocalized excited states (excitons), which are critically sensitive to spatio-energetic variations of the molecular structure. Identifying the origin and impact of such variations is highly desirable for understanding and predicting functional properties yet hard to achieve due to averaging of many overlapping responses from individual systems. Here, we overcome this problem by measuring the heterogeneity of synthetic analogues of natural antennae-self-assembled molecular nanotubes-by two complementary approaches: single-nanotube photoluminescence spectroscopy and ultrafast 2D correlation. We demonstrate remarkable homogeneity of the nanotube ensemble and reveal that ultrafast (∼50 fs) modulation of the exciton frequencies governs spectral broadening. Using multiscale exciton modeling, we show that the dominance of homogeneous broadening at the exciton level results from exchange narrowing of strong static disorder found for individual molecules within the nanotube. The detailed characterization of static and dynamic disorder at the exciton as well as the molecular level presented here opens new avenues in analyzing and predicting dynamic exciton properties, such as excitation energy transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Kriete
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna S. Bondarenko
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Alessandri
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilias Patmanidis
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Victor V. Krasnikov
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L. C. Jansen
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J. Marrink
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maxim S. Pshenichnikov
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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25
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Kunsel T, Löhner A, Mayo JJ, Köhler J, Jansen TLC, Knoester J. Unraveling intra-aggregate structural disorder using single-molecule spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:134304. [PMID: 33032400 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural disorder within self-assembled molecular aggregates may have strong effects on their optical functionality. Such disorder, however, is hard to explore using standard ensemble measurements. In this paper, we report on the characterization of intra-aggregate structural disorder through a linewidth analysis of fluorescence excitation experiments on individual zinc-chlorin (ZnChl) nanotubular molecular aggregates. Recent experiments suggest an anomaly in the linewidths of the two absorption bands that dominate the spectra: the higher-energy bands on average show a smaller linewidth than the lower-energy bands. This anomaly is explored in this paper by analyzing and modeling the correlation of the two linewidths for each aggregate. We exploit a Frenkel exciton model to show that the experimentally observed correlation of linewidths and other statistical properties of the single-aggregate spectra can be explained from small variations of the molecular orientations within individual aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kunsel
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Löhner
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 94557 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - J J Mayo
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Köhler
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 94557 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - T L C Jansen
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Knoester
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Bondarenko AS, Patmanidis I, Alessandri R, Souza PCT, Jansen TLC, de Vries AH, Marrink SJ, Knoester J. Multiscale modeling of molecular structure and optical properties of complex supramolecular aggregates. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11514-11524. [PMID: 34094396 PMCID: PMC8162738 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03110k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular aggregates of synthetic dye molecules offer great perspectives to prepare biomimetic functional materials for light-harvesting and energy transport. The design is complicated by the fact that structure–property relationships are hard to establish, because the molecular packing results from a delicate balance of interactions and the excitonic properties that dictate the optics and excited state dynamics, in turn sensitively depend on this packing. Here we show how an iterative multiscale approach combining molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical exciton modeling can be used to obtain accurate insight into the packing of thousands of cyanine dye molecules in a complex double-walled tubular aggregate in close interaction with its solvent environment. Our approach allows us to answer open questions not only on the structure of these prototypical aggregates, but also about their molecular-scale structural and energetic heterogeneity, as well as on the microscopic origin of their photophysical properties. This opens the route to accurate predictions of energy transport and other functional properties. Multiscale modeling resolves the molecular structure of a synthetic light-harvesting complex, unraveling the microscopic origin of its photophysical properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Bondarenko
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ilias Patmanidis
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Groningen The Netherlands .,University of Groningen, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Alessandri
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Groningen The Netherlands .,University of Groningen, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Paulo C T Souza
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Groningen The Netherlands .,University of Groningen, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L C Jansen
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Alex H de Vries
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Groningen The Netherlands .,University of Groningen, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Groningen The Netherlands .,University of Groningen, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Groningen The Netherlands
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27
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Chowdhury S, Das M, Mukherjee P, Gupta BC. Diameter-dependent structural and electronic property of fused porphyrin nanotubes: A density functional study. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620500121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have systematically carried out a density functional theory-based investigation to understand the structural and electronic properties of various fused metalloporphyrin nanotubes (MPNT; M = Sc and Ti) by varying their diameters ranging from 7.91 Å to 18.70 Å for ScPNT and 7.90 Å to 18.59 Å for TiPNT. Binding energies and curvature energies are calculated to access the binding strength and stability of the nanotubes (NTs). From band structure and density of states, it is observed that the ScPNTs are metallic in nature and TiPNTs are semiconductors with small band gaps. The energy gap increases with increasing tube diameter. Our study also indicates that the transition metal atoms play an important role in determining the electrical nature (metallic or semiconducting) of the NTs. Furthermore, work functions for the fused NTs are found to decrease with increasing tube diameter. These results may have direct relevance to the technological applications in terms of band gap engineering or controlled thermionic emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Chowdhury
- Department of Physics, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, W.B.- 731235, India
| | - Monoj Das
- Department of Physics, Gushkara Mahavidyalaya, Gushkara, W.B.- 713128, India
| | - Prajna Mukherjee
- Department of Physics, Bolpur College, Bolpur, W.B.- 731204, India
| | - Bikash C. Gupta
- Department of Physics, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, W.B.- 731235, India
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28
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Sharma A, Zhang L, Tollerud JO, Dong M, Zhu Y, Halbich R, Vogl T, Liang K, Nguyen HT, Wang F, Sanwlani S, Earl SK, Macdonald D, Lam PK, Davis JA, Lu Y. Supertransport of excitons in atomically thin organic semiconductors at the 2D quantum limit. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:116. [PMID: 32655861 PMCID: PMC7338549 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Long-range and fast transport of coherent excitons is important for the development of high-speed excitonic circuits and quantum computing applications. However, most of these coherent excitons have only been observed in some low-dimensional semiconductors when coupled with cavities, as there are large inhomogeneous broadening and dephasing effects on the transport of excitons in their native states in materials. Here, by confining coherent excitons at the 2D quantum limit, we first observed molecular aggregation-enabled 'supertransport' of excitons in atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) organic semiconductors between coherent states, with a measured high effective exciton diffusion coefficient of ~346.9 cm2/s at room temperature. This value is one to several orders of magnitude higher than the values reported for other organic molecular aggregates and low-dimensional inorganic materials. Without coupling to any optical cavities, the monolayer pentacene sample, a very clean 2D quantum system (~1.2 nm thick) with high crystallinity (J-type aggregation) and minimal interfacial states, showed superradiant emission from Frenkel excitons, which was experimentally confirmed by the temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) emission, highly enhanced radiative decay rate, significantly narrowed PL peak width and strongly directional in-plane emission. The coherence in monolayer pentacene samples was observed to be delocalised over ~135 molecules, which is significantly larger than the values (a few molecules) observed for other organic thin films. In addition, the supertransport of excitons in monolayer pentacene samples showed highly anisotropic behaviour. Our results pave the way for the development of future high-speed excitonic circuits, fast OLEDs, and other optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Linglong Zhang
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jonathan O. Tollerud
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Miheng Dong
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Yi Zhu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Robert Halbich
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Tobias Vogl
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Kun Liang
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hieu T. Nguyen
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Shilpa Sanwlani
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Stuart K. Earl
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Daniel Macdonald
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Ping Koy Lam
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jeffrey A. Davis
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
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29
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Sarkar A, Behera T, Sasmal R, Capelli R, Empereur-Mot C, Mahato J, Agasti SS, Pavan GM, Chowdhury A, George SJ. Cooperative Supramolecular Block Copolymerization for the Synthesis of Functional Axial Organic Heterostructures. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11528-11539. [PMID: 32501694 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular block copolymerzation with optically or electronically complementary monomers provides an attractive bottom-up approach for the non-covalent synthesis of nascent axial organic heterostructures, which promises to deliver useful applications in energy conversion, optoelectronics, and catalysis. However, the synthesis of supramolecular block copolymers (BCPs) constitutes a significant challenge due to the exchange dynamics of non-covalently bound monomers and hence requires fine microstructure control. Furthermore, temporal stability of the segmented microstructure is a prerequisite to explore the applications of functional supramolecular BCPs. Herein, we report the cooperative supramolecular block copolymerization of fluorescent monomers in solution under thermodynamic control for the synthesis of axial organic heterostructures with light-harvesting properties. The fluorescent nature of the core-substituted naphthalene diimide (cNDI) monomers enables a detailed spectroscopic probing during the supramolecular block copolymerization process to unravel a nucleation-growth mechanism, similar to that of chain copolymerization for covalent block copolymers. Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) imaging of BCP chains characterizes the segmented microstructure and also allows size distribution analysis to reveal the narrow polydispersity (polydispersity index (PDI) ≈ 1.1) for the individual block segments. Spectrally resolved fluorescence microscopy on single block copolymerized organic heterostructures shows energy migration and light-harvesting across the interfaces of linearly connected segments. Molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations provide useful mechanistic insights into the free energy of interaction between the monomers as well as into monomer exchange mechanisms and dynamics, which have a crucial impact on determining the copolymer microstructure. Our comprehensive spectroscopic, microscopic, and computational analyses provide an unambiguous structural, dynamic, and functional characterization of the supramolecular BCPs. The strategy presented here is expected to pave the way for the synthesis of multi-component organic heterostructures for various functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Sarkar
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Tejmani Behera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ranjan Sasmal
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Riccardo Capelli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Charly Empereur-Mot
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Jaladhar Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sarit S Agasti
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi24, 10129 Torino, Italy.,Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Arindam Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Subi J George
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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30
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Wittmann B, Wenzel FA, Wiesneth S, Haedler AT, Drechsler M, Kreger K, Köhler J, Meijer EW, Schmidt HW, Hildner R. Enhancing Long-Range Energy Transport in Supramolecular Architectures by Tailoring Coherence Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8323-8330. [PMID: 32279503 PMCID: PMC7212519 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Efficient
long-range energy transport along supramolecular architectures
of functional organic molecules is a key step in nature for converting
sunlight into a useful form of energy. Understanding and manipulating
these transport processes on a molecular and supramolecular scale
is a long-standing goal. However, the realization of a well-defined
system that allows for tuning morphology and electronic properties
as well as for resolution of transport in space and time is challenging.
Here we show how the excited-state energy landscape and thus the coherence
characteristics of electronic excitations can be modified by the hierarchical
level of H-type supramolecular architectures. We visualize, at room
temperature, long-range incoherent transport of delocalized singlet
excitons on pico- to nanosecond time scales in single supramolecular
nanofibers and bundles of nanofibers. Increasing the degree of coherence,
i.e., exciton delocalization, via supramolecular architectures enhances
exciton diffusivities up to 1 order of magnitude. In particular, we
find that single supramolecular nanofibers exhibit the highest diffusivities
reported for H-aggregates so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Wittmann
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Felix A Wenzel
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Wiesneth
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas T Haedler
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Drechsler
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Klaus Kreger
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Köhler
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Werner Schmidt
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Richard Hildner
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Zhu Y, Cheng JX. Transient absorption microscopy: Technological innovations and applications in materials science and life science. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:020901. [PMID: 31941290 PMCID: PMC7195865 DOI: 10.1063/1.5129123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy has been extensively used in the study of excited state dynamics of various materials and molecules. The transition from TA spectroscopy to TA microscopy, which enables the space-resolved measurement of TA, is opening new investigations toward a more complete picture of excited state dynamics in functional materials, as well as the mapping of crucial biopigments for precision diagnosis. Here, we review the recent instrumental advancement that is pushing the limit of spatial resolution, detection sensitivity, and imaging speed. We further highlight the emerging application in materials science and life science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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32
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Singh V, Zoric MR, Hargenrader GN, Valentine AJS, Zivojinovic O, Milic DR, Li X, Glusac KD. Exciton Coherence Length and Dynamics in Graphene Quantum Dot Assemblies. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:210-216. [PMID: 31842548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exciton size and dynamics were studied in assemblies of two well-defined graphene quantum dots of varying size: hexabenzocoronene (HBC), where the aromatic core consists of 42 C atoms, and carbon quantum dot (CQD) with 78 C atoms. The synthesis of HBC and CQD were achieved using bottom-up chemical methods, while their assembly was studied using steady-state UV/vis spectroscopy, X-ray scattering, and electron microscopy. While HBC forms long ordered fibers, CQD was found not to assemble well. The exciton size and dynamics were studied using time-resolved laser spectroscopy. At early times (∼100 fs), the exciton was found to delocalize over ∼1-2 molecular units in both assemblies, which reflects the confined nature of excitons in carbon-based materials and is consistent with the calculated value of ∼2 molecular units. Exciton-exciton annihilation measurements provided the exciton diffusion lengths of 16 and 3 nm for HBC and CQD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Singh
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Marija R Zoric
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - George N Hargenrader
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Andrew J S Valentine
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
| | - Olivera Zivojinovic
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry , Studentski trg 12-16 , P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Dragana R Milic
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry , Studentski trg 12-16 , P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
| | - Ksenija D Glusac
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
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33
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Liu H, Wang C, Zuo Z, Liu D, Luo J. Direct Visualization of Exciton Transport in Defective Few-Layer WS 2 by Ultrafast Microscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906540. [PMID: 31773833 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As defects usually limit the exciton diffusion in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), the interaction knowledge of defects and exciton transport is crucial for achieving efficient TMDC-based devices. A direct visualization of defect-modulated exciton transport is developed in few-layer WS2 by ultrafast transient absorption microscopy. Atomic-scale defects are introduced by argon plasma treatment and identified by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. Neutral excitons can be captured by defects to form bound excitons in 7.75-17.88 ps, which provide a nonradiative relaxation channel, leading to decreased exciton lifetime and diffusion coefficient. The exciton diffusion length of defective sample has a drastic reduction from 349.44 to 107.40 nm. These spatially and temporally resolved measurements reveal the interaction mechanism between defects and exciton transport dynamics in 2D TMDCs, giving a guideline for designing high-performance TMDC-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhengguang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Dameng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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34
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Ginsberg NS, Tisdale WA. Spatially Resolved Photogenerated Exciton and Charge Transport in Emerging Semiconductors. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2019; 71:1-30. [PMID: 31756129 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-052516-050703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We review recent advances in the characterization of electronic forms of energy transport in emerging semiconductors. The approaches described all temporally and spatially resolve the evolution of initially localized populations of photogenerated excitons or charge carriers. We first provide a comprehensive background for describing the physical origin and nature of electronic energy transport both microscopically and from the perspective of the observer. We introduce the new family of far-field, time-resolved optical microscopies developed to directly resolve not only the extent of this transport but also its potentially temporally and spatially dependent rate. We review a representation of examples from the recent literature, including investigation of energy flow in colloidal quantum dot solids, organic semiconductors, organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites, and 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. These examples illustrate how traditional parameters like diffusivity are applicable only within limited spatiotemporal ranges and how the techniques at the core of this review,especially when taken together, are revealing a more complete picture of the spatiotemporal evolution of energy transport in complex semiconductors, even as a function of their structural heterogeneities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi S Ginsberg
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; .,Material Sciences Division and Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - William A Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
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36
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Jiang Y, Wang C, Lu G, Zhao L, Gong L, Wang T, Qi D, Chen Y, Jiang J. Compartmentalization within Nanofibers of Double‐Decker Phthalocyanine Induces High‐Performance Sensing in both Aqueous Solution and the Gas Phase. Chemistry 2019; 25:16207-16213. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Jiang
- Department of ChemistryBeijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline MaterialsUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Chiming Wang
- Department of ChemistryBeijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline MaterialsUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Guang Lu
- Department of ChemistryBeijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline MaterialsUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Luyang Zhao
- Department of ChemistryBeijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline MaterialsUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of ChemistryBeijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline MaterialsUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of ChemistryBeijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline MaterialsUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Dongdong Qi
- Department of ChemistryBeijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline MaterialsUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yanli Chen
- School of ScienceChina University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Department of ChemistryBeijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline MaterialsUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
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37
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Kriete B, Lüttig J, Kunsel T, Malý P, Jansen TLC, Knoester J, Brixner T, Pshenichnikov MS. Interplay between structural hierarchy and exciton diffusion in artificial light harvesting. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4615. [PMID: 31601795 PMCID: PMC6787233 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the nature of energy transport in multi-chromophoric photosynthetic complexes is essential to extract valuable design blueprints for light-harvesting applications. Long-range exciton transport in such systems is facilitated by a combination of delocalized excitation wavefunctions (excitons) and exciton diffusion. The unambiguous identification of the exciton transport is intrinsically challenging due to the system's sheer complexity. Here we address this challenge by employing a spectroscopic lab-on-a-chip approach: ultrafast coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy and microfluidics working in tandem with theoretical modeling. We show that at low excitation fluences, the outer layer acts as an exciton antenna supplying excitons to the inner tube, while under high excitation fluences the former converts its functionality into an exciton annihilator which depletes the exciton population prior to any exciton transfer. Our findings shed light on the excitonic trajectories across different sub-units of a multi-layered artificial light-harvesting complex and underpin their great potential for directional excitation energy transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Kriete
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Julian Lüttig
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tenzin Kunsel
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pavel Malý
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas L C Jansen
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maxim S Pshenichnikov
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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38
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Zhu T, Snaider JM, Yuan L, Huang L. Ultrafast Dynamic Microscopy of Carrier and Exciton Transport. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2019; 70:219-244. [PMID: 30883273 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-042018-052605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We highlight the recent progress in ultrafast dynamic microscopy that combines ultrafast optical spectroscopy with microscopy approaches, focusing on the application transient absorption microscopy (TAM) to directly image energy and charge transport in solar energy harvesting and conversion systems. We discuss the principles, instrumentation, and resolutions of TAM. The simultaneous spatial, temporal, and excited-state-specific resolutions of TAM unraveled exciton and charge transport mechanisms that were previously obscured in conventional ultrafast spectroscopy measurements for systems such as organic solar cells, hybrid perovskite thin films, and molecular aggregates. We also discuss future directions to improve resolutions and to develop other ultrafast imaging contrasts beyond transient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Laser/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jordan M. Snaider
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Long Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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39
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Adams M, Kozlowska M, Baroni N, Oldenburg M, Ma R, Busko D, Turshatov A, Emandi G, Senge MO, Haldar R, Wöll C, Nienhaus GU, Richards BS, Howard IA. Highly Efficient One-Dimensional Triplet Exciton Transport in a Palladium-Porphyrin-Based Surface-Anchored Metal-Organic Framework. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15688-15697. [PMID: 30938507 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Efficient photon-harvesting materials require easy-to-deposit materials exhibiting good absorption and excited-state transport properties. We demonstrate an organic thin-film material system, a palladium-porphyrin-based surface-anchored metal-organic framework (SURMOF) thin film that meets these requirements. Systematic investigations using transient absorption spectroscopy confirm that triplets are very mobile within single crystalline domains; a detailed analysis reveals a triplet transfer rate on the order of 1010 s-1. The crystalline nature of the SURMOFs also allows a thorough theoretical analysis using the density functional theory. The theoretical results reveal that the intermolecular exciton transfer can be described by a Dexter electron exchange mechanism that is considerably enhanced by virtual charge-transfer exciton intermediates. On the basis of the photophysical results, we predict exciton diffusion lengths on the order of several micrometers in perfectly ordered, single-crystalline SURMOFs. In the presently available samples, strong interactions of excitons with domain boundaries present in these metal-organic thin films limit the diffusion length to the diameter of these two-dimensional grains, which amount to about 100 nm. Our results demonstrate high potential of SURMOFs for light-harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rui Ma
- Institute of Applied Physics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | | | | | - Ganapathi Emandi
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , The University of Dublin , 152-160 Pearse Street , 2 Dublin , Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin , The University of Dublin , 152-160 Pearse Street , 2 Dublin , Ireland
| | | | | | - G Ulrich Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
- Department of Physics , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1110 West Green Street , Urbana , 61801 Illinois , United States
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Light Technology Institute , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Ian A Howard
- Light Technology Institute , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
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40
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Beane G, Devkota T, Brown BS, Hartland GV. Ultrafast measurements of the dynamics of single nanostructures: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:016401. [PMID: 30485256 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aaea4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to study single particles has revolutionized nanoscience. The advantage of single particle spectroscopy measurements compared to conventional ensemble studies is that they remove averaging effects from the different sizes and shapes that are present in the samples. In time-resolved experiments this is important for unraveling homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening effects in lifetime measurements. In this report, recent progress in the development of ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopic techniques for interrogating single nanostructures will be discussed. The techniques include far-field experiments that utilize high numerical aperture (NA) microscope objectives, near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) measurements, ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM), and time-resolved x-ray diffraction experiments. Examples will be given of the application of these techniques to studying energy relaxation processes in nanoparticles, and the motion of plasmons, excitons and/or charge carriers in different types of nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Beane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States of America
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Haver
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA
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42
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Wan Y, Wiederrecht GP, Schaller RD, Johnson JC, Huang L. Transport of Spin-Entangled Triplet Excitons Generated by Singlet Fission. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6731-6738. [PMID: 30403874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission provides a promising route for overcoming the Shockley-Queisser limit in solar cells using organic materials. Despite singlet fission dynamics having been extensively investigated, the transport of the various intermediates in relation to the singlet and triplet states is largely unknown. Here we employ temperature-dependent ultrafast transient absorption microscopy to image the transport of singlet fission intermediates in single crystals of tetracene. These measurements suggest a mobile singlet fission intermediate state at low temperatures, with a diffusion constant of 36 cm2s-1 at 5 K, approaching that for the free singlet excitons, which we attribute to the spin-entangled correlated triplet pair state 1[TT]. These results indicate that 1[TT] could transport with a similar mechanism as the bright singlet excitons, which has important implications in designing materials for singlet fission and spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wan
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Gary P Wiederrecht
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Justin C Johnson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Pkwy , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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43
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Godin R, Hisatomi T, Domen K, Durrant JR. Understanding the visible-light photocatalytic activity of GaN:ZnO solid solution: the role of Rh 2-y Cr y O 3 cocatalyst and charge carrier lifetimes over tens of seconds. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7546-7555. [PMID: 30319755 PMCID: PMC6180316 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02348d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A persistent challenge for the widespread deployment of solar fuels is the development of high efficiency photocatalysts combined with a low-cost preparation and implementation route. Since its discovery in 2005, GaN:ZnO solid solution has been a benchmark overall water splitting photocatalyst. Notably, GaN:ZnO functionalised with an appropriate proton reduction cocatalyst is one of the few particulate photocatalyst systems that can generate hydrogen and oxygen directly from water using visible light. However, the reasons underlying the remarkable visible light activity of GaN:ZnO are not well understood and photophysical studies of GaN:ZnO have been limited to date. Using time-resolved optical spectroscopies, we investigated the charge carrier dynamics of GaN:ZnO and the effect of Rh2-y Cr y O3 proton reduction cocatalyst. Here we show that charge trapping and trap state filling play an important role in controlling the photophysics of GaN:ZnO. We also find that electrons transfer to Rh2-y Cr y O3 on sub-microsecond timescales, important to reduce the electron concentration within GaN:ZnO and promote hole accumulation. Operando measurements showed that the water oxidation process is the rate determining process, and that the dependence of the rate of water oxidation on the accumulated hole density is similar to common metal oxides photoanodes such as TiO2, α-Fe2O3, and BiVO4. Remarkably, we show that the recombination timescale of holes accumulated on the surface of GaN:ZnO is on the order of 30 s, distinctly longer than for metal oxides photoanodes. We conclude that the unusual visible light activity of GaN:ZnO is a result of large electron-hole spatial separation due to the preferential flow of holes to the GaN-rich surface and efficient electron extraction by the cocatalyst. Our studies demonstrate that in depth spectroscopic investigations of the charge carrier dynamics of photocatalysts yield important information to understand their behaviour, and identify key properties to deliver outstanding performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Godin
- Department of Chemistry , Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Takashi Hisatomi
- Department of Chemical System Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Kazunari Domen
- Department of Chemical System Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
- Center for Energy & Environmental Science , Shinshu University , 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano-shi , Nagano 380-8553 , Japan
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry , Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , UK .
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44
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Kim T, Ham S, Lee SH, Hong Y, Kim D. Enhancement of exciton transport in porphyrin aggregate nanostructures by controlling the hierarchical self-assembly. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:16438-16446. [PMID: 30141821 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05016c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exciton transport in meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS) J-aggregates was directly imaged using the emission profile analysis method with confocal fluorescence microscopy. By controlling the structural hierarchy of TPPS aggregates, we could comparatively study the exciton transport properties in single nanotubes and bundled structures. Using the one-dimensional diffusion model, the exciton diffusion coefficients of TPPS nanotubes and bundles were estimated as 95 and 393 nm2 ps-1, respectively, showing a dramatic enhancement of exciton transport in bundled structures. To reveal the underlying mechanism of enhanced exciton transport in bundle compared to that in single strands, the spatially resolved measurements of exciton transport images were correlated with the spectral information at each local sites. We have confirmed that nanotube and its bundled form possess different energetic landscapes and exciton migration dynamics. Agglomeration into bundles led to an increase in system-environment coupling and denser distribution of energy states, facilitating longer migration length and accelerated transport. Detailed analysis in this study provides important insights into the structure-dependent exciton transport properties of self-assembled J-aggregate nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehee Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Vithanage BCN, Xu JX, Zhang D. Optical Properties and Kinetics: New Insights to the Porphyrin Assembly and Disassembly by Polarized Resonance Synchronous Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8429-8438. [PMID: 30102542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b05965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
With their unique photochemical properties, porphyrins have remained for decades the most interested chemicals as photonic materials for applications ranging from chemistry, biology, medicine, to photovoltaic. Porphyrins can self-assemble into higher order structures. However, information has been scant on the kinetics and structural evolution during porphyrin assembly and disassembly. Furthermore, quantitative understanding of the porphyrin optical activities is complicated by the complex interplay of photon absorption, scattering, and fluorescence emission that can concurrently occur in porphyrin samples. Using meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin as the model molecule, reported herein is a combined UV-vis extinction, polarized Stokes-shifted fluorescence, and polarized resonance synchronous spectroscopic (PRS2) study of porphyrin assembly and disassembly in acidic solutions. Although porphyrin assembly and disassembly occur instantaneously upon the sample preparation, both processes last at least a few months before reaching their approximate equilibrium states. The two processes were monitored in situ by quantifying the porphyrin fluorescence and scattering depolarizations as well as its extinction, absorption, scattering, and fluorescence emission cross sections. In addition to a series of new insights to the porphyrin assembly and disassembly, the methodology described in this work opens the door for the in situ study of the structural and optical properties of photonic materials comprising molecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddhini C N Vithanage
- Department of Chemistry , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , Mississippi 39762 , United States
| | - Joanna Xiuzhu Xu
- Department of Chemistry , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , Mississippi 39762 , United States
| | - Dongmao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , Mississippi 39762 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Xihua University , Chengdu 610039 , China
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46
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Bricker WP, Banal JL, Stone MB, Bathe M. Molecular model of J-aggregated pseudoisocyanine fibers. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:024905. [PMID: 30007374 DOI: 10.1063/1.5036656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregated cyanines form ordered supramolecular structures with the potential to transport energy efficiently over long distances, a hallmark of photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes. In concentrated aqueous solution, pseudoisocyanine (PIC) spontaneously forms fibers with a chiral J-band red-shifted 1600 cm-1 from the monomeric 0-0 transition. A cryogenic transmission electron microscopy analysis of these fibers show an average fiber width of 2.89 nm, although the molecular-level structure of the aggregate is currently unknown. To determine a molecular model for these PIC fibers, the calculated spectra and dynamics using a Frenkel exciton model are compared to experiment. A chiral aggregate model in which the PIC monomers are neither parallel nor orthogonal to the long axis of the fiber is shown to replicate the experimental spectra most closely. This model can be physically realized by the sequential binding of PIC dimers and monomers to the ends of the fiber. These insights into the molecular aggregation model for aqueous PIC can also be applied to other similar cyanine-based supramolecular complexes with the potential for long-range energy transport, a key building block for the rational design of novel excitonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Bricker
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - James L Banal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Matthew B Stone
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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47
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Berlepsch HV, Böttcher C. Tubular J-aggregates of a new thiacarbocyanine Cy5 dye for the far-red spectral region – a spectroscopic and cryo-transmission electron microscopy study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18969-18977. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03378a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new phenol-substituted Cy5 dye forms tubular J-aggregates that are active in the far-red spectral region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans v. Berlepsch
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
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48
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Anderson LR, Yang Q, Ediger AM. Comparing gas transport in three polymers via molecular dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:22123-22133. [PMID: 30113613 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02829j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was employed to study the transport of methane and n-butane molecules in the bulk and interface region of polyethylene (PE), poly(4-methyl-2-pentyne) (PMP) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R. Anderson
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - Quan Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
- Sandia National Laboratories
| | - Andrew M. Ediger
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- Blacksburg
- USA
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49
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Tempelaar R, Jansen TLC, Knoester J. Exciton-Exciton Annihilation Is Coherently Suppressed in H-Aggregates, but Not in J-Aggregates. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:6113-6117. [PMID: 29190421 PMCID: PMC5742477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically demonstrate a strong dependence of the annihilation rate between (singlet) excitons on the sign of dipole-dipole couplings between molecules. For molecular H-aggregates, where this sign is positive, the phase relation of the delocalized two-exciton wave functions causes a destructive interference in the annihilation probability. For J-aggregates, where this sign is negative, the interference is constructive instead; as a result, no such coherent suppression of the annihilation rate occurs. As a consequence, room temperature annihilation rates of typical H- and J-aggregates differ by a factor of ∼3, while an order of magnitude difference is found for low-temperature aggregates with a low degree of disorder. These findings, which explain experimental observations, reveal a fundamental principle underlying exciton-exciton annihilation, with major implications for technological devices and experimental studies involving high excitation densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel Tempelaar
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Thomas L. C. Jansen
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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50
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Solomon LA, Sykes ME, Wu YA, Schaller RD, Wiederrecht GP, Fry HC. Tailorable Exciton Transport in Doped Peptide-Amphiphile Assemblies. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9112-9118. [PMID: 28817256 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Light-harvesting biomaterials are an attractive target in photovoltaics, photocatalysis, and artificial photosynthesis. Through peptide self-assembly, complex nanostructures can be engineered to study the role of chromophore organization during light absorption and energy transport. To this end, we demonstrate the one-dimensional transport of excitons along naturally occurring, light-harvesting, Zn-protoporphyrin IX chromophores within self-assembled peptide-amphiphile nanofibers. The internal structure of the nanofibers induces packing of the porphyrins into linear chains. We find that this peptide assembly can enable long-range exciton diffusion, yet it also induces the formation of excimers between adjacent molecules, which serve as exciton traps. Electronic coupling between neighboring porphyrin molecules is confirmed by various spectroscopic methods. The exciton diffusion process is then probed through transient photoluminescence and absorption measurements and fit to a model for one-dimensional hopping. Because excimer formation impedes exciton hopping, increasing the interchromophore spacing allows for improved diffusivity, which we control through porphyrin doping levels. We show that diffusion lengths of over 60 nm are possible at low porphyrin doping, representing an order of magnitude improvement over the highest doping fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Solomon
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Matthew E Sykes
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yimin A Wu
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Gary P Wiederrecht
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - H Christopher Fry
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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