1
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Batey JE, Kim GW, Yang M, Heffer DC, Pott ED, Giang H, Dong B. High throughput spectrally resolved super-resolution fluorescence microscopy with improved photon usage. Analyst 2024; 149:2801-2805. [PMID: 38682955 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00343h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), a type of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, has become a strong technique in the toolbox of chemists, biologists, physicists, and engineers in recent years for its unique ability to resolve characteristic features at the nanoscopic level. It drastically improves the resolution of optical microscopes beyond the diffraction limit, with which previously unresolvable structures can now be studied. Spectrally resolved super-resolution fluorescence microscopy via multiplexing of different fluorophores is one of the greatest advancements among SMLM techniques. However, current spectrally resolved SMLM (SR-SMLM) methodologies present low spatial resolution due to loss of photons, low throughput due to spectral interferences, or require complex optical systems. Here, we overcome these drawbacks by developing a SR-SMLM methodology using a color glass filter. It enables high throughput and improved photon usage for hyperspectral imaging at the nanoscopic level. Our methodology can readily distinguish fluorophores of close spectral emission and achieves sub-10 nm localization and sub-5 nm spectral precisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ethan Batey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
| | - Geun Wan Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
| | - Meek Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
| | - Darby Claire Heffer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
| | - Elric Dion Pott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
| | - Hannah Giang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
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2
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Song KH, Zhang Y. Spectral precision improvement with demagnifying spectral images in spectroscopic nanoscopy. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2024; 41:39-44. [PMID: 38175128 PMCID: PMC10768805 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.497634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Spectroscopic nanoscopy (SN) has been recognized as a key functional imaging tool in cell biology and chemistry because it offers the unique capability to simultaneously obtain the spatial and spectral information for single molecules. However, it has an intrinsic issue in using the limited photon budget from single emitters divided into two imaging channels to concurrently acquire spatial and spectral images. Accordingly, this issue lowers the spatial localization and spectral precision. Although several techniques have been introduced to improve the spatial precision in SN, improving the spectral precision has been overlooked so far. Here we propose a method to improve the spectral precision by optically manipulating the width of the spectroscopic signatures using a demagnifier. We evaluate its performance using numerical simulations with systematic investigations of several underlying optimal parameters such as the demagnification factor and the integration width in the proposed configuration. We also present achievable spectral precision values with different signal and background levels. Compared to the existing SN system, the 3× demagnifier-based configuration shows an approximate 35% improvement, from 2.9 nm to 1.9 nm, in the spectral precision at the 1000 photons signal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hee Song
- Quantum Optics Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989 beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Zhang
- Molecular Analytics and Photonics (MAP) Laboratory, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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3
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Liu Y, Shahid MA, Mao H, Chen J, Waddington M, Song KH, Zhang Y. Switchable and Functional Fluorophores for Multidimensional Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 1:403-413. [PMID: 37655169 PMCID: PMC10466381 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Multidimensional single-molecule localization microscopy (mSMLM) represents a paradigm shift in the realm of super-resolution microscopy techniques. It affords the simultaneous detection of single-molecule spatial locations at the nanoscale and functional information by interrogating the emission properties of switchable fluorophores. The latter is finely tuned to report its local environment through carefully manipulated laser illumination and single-molecule detection strategies. This Perspective highlights recent strides in mSMLM with a focus on fluorophore designs and their integration into mSMLM imaging systems. Particular interests are the accomplishments in simultaneous multiplexed super-resolution imaging, nanoscale polarity and hydrophobicity mapping, and single-molecule orientational imaging. Challenges and prospects in mSMLM are also discussed, which include the development of more vibrant and functional fluorescent probes, the optimization of optical implementation to judiciously utilize the photon budget, and the advancement of imaging analysis and machine learning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshu Liu
- Molecular
Analytics and Photonics (MAP) Laboratory, Department of Textile Engineering,
Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Md Abul Shahid
- Molecular
Analytics and Photonics (MAP) Laboratory, Department of Textile Engineering,
Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Hongjing Mao
- Molecular
Analytics and Photonics (MAP) Laboratory, Department of Textile Engineering,
Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Molecular
Analytics and Photonics (MAP) Laboratory, Department of Textile Engineering,
Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Michael Waddington
- Molecular
Analytics and Photonics (MAP) Laboratory, Department of Textile Engineering,
Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Ki-Hee Song
- Quantum
Optics Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy
Research Institute, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Zhang
- Molecular
Analytics and Photonics (MAP) Laboratory, Department of Textile Engineering,
Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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4
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Manko H, Mély Y, Godet J. Advancing Spectrally-Resolved Single Molecule Localization Microscopy with Deep Learning. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300728. [PMID: 37093225 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Spectrally-resolved single molecule localization microscopy (srSMLM) is a recent technique enriching single molecule localization microscopy with the simultaneous recording of spectra of the single emitters. srSMLM resolution is limited by the number of photons collected per emitters. Sharing a photon budget to record the localization and the spectroscopic information results in a loss of spatial and spectral resolution-or forces the sacrifice of one at the expense of the other. Here, srUnet-a deep-learning Unet-based image processing routine trained to increase the spectral and spatial signals to compensate for the resolution loss inherent in additionally recording the spectral component is reported. Both localization and spectral precision are improved by srUnet-particularly for the low-emitting species. srUnet increases the fraction of localization whose signal can be both spatially and spectrally characterized. It preserves spectral shifts and the linearity of the dispersion of light. It strongly facilitates wavelength assignment in multicolor experiments. srUnet is a simple post-processing add-on boosting srSMLM performance close to conventional SMLM with the potential to turn srSMLM into the new standard for multicolor single molecule imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Manko
- Laboratoire de BioImagerie et Pathologies, UMR CNRS 7021, ITI InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, 67401, France
| | - Yves Mély
- Laboratoire de BioImagerie et Pathologies, UMR CNRS 7021, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, 67401, France
| | - Julien Godet
- Groupe Méthodes Recherche Clinique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67091, France
- Laboratoire iCube, UMR CNRS 7357, Equipe IMAGeS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, 67400, France
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5
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Brenner B, Sun C, Raymo FM, Zhang HF. Spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy: applications and prospective. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:14. [PMID: 36943541 PMCID: PMC10030755 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) breaks the optical diffraction limit by numerically localizing sparse fluorescence emitters to achieve super-resolution imaging. Spectroscopic SMLM or sSMLM further allows simultaneous spectroscopy and super-resolution imaging of fluorescence molecules. Hence, sSMLM can extract spectral features with single-molecule sensitivity, higher precision, and higher multiplexity than traditional multicolor microscopy modalities. These new capabilities enabled advanced multiplexed and functional cellular imaging applications. While sSMLM suffers from reduced spatial precision compared to conventional SMLM due to splitting photons to form spatial and spectral images, several methods have been reported to mitigate these weaknesses through innovative optical design and image processing techniques. This review summarizes the recent progress in sSMLM, its applications, and our perspective on future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Brenner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Hao F Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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6
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Kozlenko AS, Ozhogin IV, Pugachev AD, Lukyanova MB, El-Sewify IM, Lukyanov BS. A Modern Look at Spiropyrans: From Single Molecules to Smart Materials. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:8. [PMID: 36624333 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Photochromic compounds of the spiropyran family have two main isomers capable of inter-switching with UV or visible light. In the current review, we discuss recent advances in the synthesis, investigation of properties, and applications of spiropyran derivatives. Spiropyrans of the indoline series are in focus as the most promising representatives of multi-sensitive spirocyclic compounds, which can be switched by a number of external stimuli, including light, temperature, pH, presence of metal ions, and mechanical stress. Particular attention is paid to the structural features of molecules, their influence on photochromic properties, and the reactions taking place during isomerization, as the understanding of the structure-property relationships will rationalize the synthesis of compounds with predetermined characteristics. The main prospects for applications of spiropyrans in such fields as smart material production, molecular electronics and nanomachinery, sensing of environmental and biological molecules, and photopharmacology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia S Kozlenko
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia.
| | - Ilya V Ozhogin
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Artem D Pugachev
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Maria B Lukyanova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Islam M El-Sewify
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Boris S Lukyanov
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki Prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
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7
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Synthesis and structural characterization of new spiropyran containing conjugated vinyl-3Н-indolium moiety and its hydrolysis product. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-023-03147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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8
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Zhang Y, Wang G, Huang P, Sun E, Kweon J, Li Q, Zhe J, Ying LL, Zhang HF. Minimizing Molecular Misidentification in Imaging Low-Abundance Protein Interactions Using Spectroscopic Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13834-13841. [PMID: 36165784 PMCID: PMC9859736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy can capture spatiotemporal organizations of protein interactions with resolution down to 10 nm; however, the analyses of more than two proteins involving low-abundance protein are challenging because spectral crosstalk and heterogeneities of individual fluorescent labels result in molecular misidentification. Here we developed a deep learning-based imaging analysis method for spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy to minimize molecular misidentification in three-color super-resolution imaging. We characterized the 3-fold reduction of molecular misidentification in the new imaging method using pure samples of different photoswitchable fluorophores and visualized three distinct subcellular proteins in U2-OS cell lines. We further validated the protein counts and interactions of TOMM20, DRP1, and SUMO1 in a well-studied biological process, Staurosporine-induced apoptosis, by comparing the imaging results with Western-blot analyses of different subcellular portions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, 60208, USA
| | - Gaoxiang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Peizhou Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Edison Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, 60208, USA
| | - Junghun Kweon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, 60208, USA
| | - Qianru Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ji Zhe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, 60611, USA
| | - Leslie L. Ying
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Hao F. Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, 60208, USA
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9
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Su D, Zhou S, Masai H, Liu Z, Zhou C, Yang C, Li Z, Tsuda S, Liu Z, Terao J, Guo X. Stochastic Binding Dynamics of a Photoswitchable Single Supramolecular Complex. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200022. [PMID: 35233985 PMCID: PMC9069358 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a real-time precise electrical method to directly monitor the stochastic binding dynamics of a single supramolecule based on the host-guest interaction between a cyclodextrin and an azo compound is reported. Different intermolecular binding states during the binding process are distinguished by conductance signals detected from graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions. In combination with theoretical calculations, the reciprocating and unidirectional motions in the trans form as well as the restrained reciprocating motion in the cis form due to the steric hindrance is observed, which could be reversibly switched by visible and UV irradiation. The integration of individual supramolecules into nanocircuits not only offers a facile and effective strategy to probe the dynamic process of supramolecular systems, but also paves the way to construct functional molecular devices toward real applications such as switches, sensors, and logic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingkai Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesNational Biomedical Imaging CenterCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Shuyao Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesNational Biomedical Imaging CenterCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Hiroshi Masai
- Department of Basic ScienceGraduate School of Arts and SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyo153‐8902Japan
| | - Zihao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesNational Biomedical Imaging CenterCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Ce Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesNational Biomedical Imaging CenterCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesNational Biomedical Imaging CenterCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Zhizhou Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesNational Biomedical Imaging CenterCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Susumu Tsuda
- Department of ChemistryOsaka Dental UniversityOsaka573‐1121Japan
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesNational Biomedical Imaging CenterCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Jun Terao
- Department of Basic ScienceGraduate School of Arts and SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyo153‐8902Japan
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesNational Biomedical Imaging CenterCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
- Center of Single‐Molecule SciencesInstitute of Modern OpticsFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai University38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan DistrictTianjin300350P. R. China
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10
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Nandi S, Caicedo K, Cognet L. When Super-Resolution Localization Microscopy Meets Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091433. [PMID: 35564142 PMCID: PMC9105540 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We recently assisted in a revolution in the realm of fluorescence microscopy triggered by the advent of super-resolution techniques that surpass the classic diffraction limit barrier. By providing optical images with nanometer resolution in the far field, super-resolution microscopy (SRM) is currently accelerating our understanding of the molecular organization of bio-specimens, bridging the gap between cellular observations and molecular structural knowledge, which was previously only accessible using electron microscopy. SRM mainly finds its roots in progress made in the control and manipulation of the optical properties of (single) fluorescent molecules. The flourishing development of novel fluorescent nanostructures has recently opened the possibility of associating super-resolution imaging strategies with nanomaterials’ design and applications. In this review article, we discuss some of the recent developments in the field of super-resolution imaging explicitly based on the use of nanomaterials. As an archetypal class of fluorescent nanomaterial, we mainly focus on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), which are photoluminescent emitters at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths bearing great interest for biological imaging and for information optical transmission. Whether for fundamental applications in nanomaterial science or in biology, we show how super-resolution techniques can be applied to create nanoscale images “in”, “of” and “with” SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somen Nandi
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5298, 33400 Talence, France; (S.N.); (K.C.)
- Institut d’Optique and CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Karen Caicedo
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5298, 33400 Talence, France; (S.N.); (K.C.)
- Institut d’Optique and CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Laurent Cognet
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5298, 33400 Talence, France; (S.N.); (K.C.)
- Institut d’Optique and CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, 33400 Talence, France
- Correspondence:
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11
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Filbrun SL, Zhao F, Chen K, Huang TX, Yang M, Cheng X, Dong B, Fang N. Imaging Dynamic Processes in Multiple Dimensions and Length Scales. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2022; 73:377-402. [PMID: 35119943 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090519-034100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Optical microscopy has become an invaluable tool for investigating complex samples. Over the years, many advances to optical microscopes have been made that have allowed us to uncover new insights into the samples studied. Dynamic changes in biological and chemical systems are of utmost importance to study. To probe these samples, multidimensional approaches have been developed to acquire a fuller understanding of the system of interest. These dimensions include the spatial information, such as the three-dimensional coordinates and orientation of the optical probes, and additional chemical and physical properties through combining microscopy with various spectroscopic techniques. In this review, we survey the field of multidimensional microscopy and provide an outlook on the field and challenges that may arise. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 73 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth L Filbrun
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kuangcai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Imaging Core Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Teng-Xiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Meek Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA;
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen Key Laboratory of Analytical Molecular Nanotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; ,
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA;
| | - Ning Fang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen Key Laboratory of Analytical Molecular Nanotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; ,
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12
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Jeong D, Kim D. Super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy‐based single‐molecule spectroscopy. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dokyung Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Doory Kim
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University Seoul Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Research Institute for Natural Sciences Hanyang University Seoul Republic of Korea
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13
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Spiropyrans: molecules in motion. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-03010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Martin CR, Park KC, Corkill RE, Kittikhunnatham P, Leith GA, Mathur A, Abiodun SL, Greytak AB, Shustova NB. Photoresponsive frameworks: energy transfer in the spotlight. Faraday Discuss 2021; 231:266-280. [PMID: 34212961 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00013f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, spiropyran-containing metal- and covalent-organic frameworks (MOFs and COFs, respectively) are probed as platforms for fostering photochromic behavior in solid-state materials, while simultaneously promoting directional energy transfer (ET). In particular, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between spiropyran and porphyrin derivatives integrated as linkers in the framework matrix is discussed. The photochromic spiropyran derivatives allow for control over material optoelectronic properties through alternation of excitation wavelengths. Photoinduced changes in the material electronic profile have also been probed through conductivity measurements. Time-resolved photoluminescence studies were employed to evaluate the effect of photochromic linkers on material photophysics. Furthermore, "forward" and "reverse" FRET processes occurring between two distinct chromophores were modeled, and the Förster critical radii and ET rates were estimated to support the experimentally observed changes in material photoluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey R Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Kyoung Chul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Ryan E Corkill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Preecha Kittikhunnatham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Gabrielle A Leith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Abhijai Mathur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Sakiru L Abiodun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Andrew B Greytak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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15
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Gately TJ, Li W, Mostafavi SH, Bardeen CJ. Reversible Adhesion Switching Using Spiropyran Photoisomerization in a High Glass Transition Temperature Polymer. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Gately
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Wangxiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Seyed Hossein Mostafavi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Christopher J. Bardeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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16
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Xiang L, Chen K, Xu K. Single Molecules Are Your Quanta: A Bottom-Up Approach toward Multidimensional Super-resolution Microscopy. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12483-12496. [PMID: 34304562 PMCID: PMC8789943 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The rise of single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) and related super-resolution methods over the past 15 years has revolutionized how we study biological and materials systems. In this Perspective, we reflect on the underlying philosophy of how diffraction-unlimited pictures containing rich spatial and functional information may gradually emerge through the local accumulation of single-molecule measurements. Starting with the basic concepts, we analyze the uniqueness of and opportunities in building up the final picture one molecule at a time. After brief introductions to the more established multicolor and three-dimensional measurements, we highlight emerging efforts to extend SMLM to new dimensions and functionalities as fluorescence polarization, emission spectra, and molecular motions, and discuss rising opportunities and future directions. With single molecules as our quanta, the bottom-up accumulation approach provides a powerful conduit for multidimensional microscopy at the nanoscale.
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17
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Jeffet J, Ionescu A, Michaeli Y, Torchinsky D, Perlson E, Craggs TD, Ebenstein Y. Multimodal single-molecule microscopy with continuously controlled spectral resolution. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2021; 1:100013. [PMID: 36425313 PMCID: PMC9680784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2021.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Color is a fundamental contrast mechanism in fluorescence microscopy, providing the basis for numerous imaging and spectroscopy techniques. Building on spectral imaging schemes that encode color into a fixed spatial intensity distribution, here, we introduce continuously controlled spectral-resolution (CoCoS) microscopy, which allows the spectral resolution of the system to be adjusted in real-time. By optimizing the spectral resolution for each experiment, we achieve maximal sensitivity and throughput, allowing for single-frame acquisition of multiple color channels with single-molecule sensitivity and 140-fold larger fields of view compared with previous super-resolution spectral imaging techniques. Here, we demonstrate the utility of CoCoS in three experimental formats, single-molecule spectroscopy, single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer, and multicolor single-particle tracking in live neurons, using a range of samples and 12 distinct fluorescent markers. A simple add-on allows CoCoS to be integrated into existing fluorescence microscopes, rendering spectral imaging accessible to the wider scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Jeffet
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Center for Light Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Ionescu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Michaeli
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dmitry Torchinsky
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Center for Light Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Perlson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Timothy D. Craggs
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Yuval Ebenstein
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Center for Light Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Corresponding author
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18
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Brenner B, Song KH, Sun C, Zhang HF. Improving spatial precision and field-of-view in wavelength-tagged single-particle tracking using spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:3647-3658. [PMID: 33983297 PMCID: PMC8648066 DOI: 10.1364/ao.415275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy (sSMLM) generates super-resolution images of single molecules while simultaneously capturing the spectra of their fluorescence emissions. However, sSMLM splits photons from single-molecule emissions into a spatial channel and a spectral channel, reducing both channels' precisions. It is also challenging in transmission grating-based sSMLM to achieve a large field-of-view (FOV) and avoid overlap between the spatial and spectral channels. The challenge in FOV has further significance in single-molecule tracking applications. In this work, we analyzed the correlation between the spatial and spectral channels in sSMLM to improve its spatial precision, and we developed a split-mirror assembly to enlarge its FOV. We demonstrate the benefits of these improvements by tracking quantum dots. We also show that we can reduce particle-identification ambiguity by tagging each particle with its unique spectral characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Brenner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Ki-Hee Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Hao F. Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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19
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Song KH, Lin W, Sun C, Schatz GC, Zhang HF. Investigating Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectral Heterogeneity of Rhodamines Using High-Throughput Single-Molecule Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3914-3921. [PMID: 33861598 PMCID: PMC8607629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigated several intramolecular coordinate and environmental changes as potential causes of single-molecule fluorescence spectral heterogeneities (smFSH). We developed a high-throughput single-molecule spectroscopy method to analyze more than 5000 single-molecule emission spectra from each of 9 commonly used fluorophores with different structural rigidities and deposited on substrates with different polarities. We observed an unexpectedly high smFSH from structurally rigid Rhodamine B compared with a structurally flexible Cyanine dye-Alexa Fluor 647. Based on experimentally measured smFSH, we ruled out the system's noise uncertainty, single-molecule spectral diffusion, and environmental polarity as the primary causes of the high smFSH. We found that the rotational flexibility of N,N-dialkylated groups contributed to the smFSH. With the high smFSH observed in structurally more rigid model fluorophores, we speculated that other intramolecular coordinate and environmental changes might also contribute to the high smFSH in Rhodamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208, United States
- Corresponding Author:
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208, United States
| | - Ki-Hee Song
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208, United States
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208, United States
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208, United States
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208, United States
| | - Hao F. Zhang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208, United States
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20
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Cai Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Song KH, Beckmann L, Djalilian A, Sun C, Zhang HF. Super-resolution imaging of flat-mounted whole mouse cornea. Exp Eye Res 2021; 205:108499. [PMID: 33610603 PMCID: PMC8043998 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy revolutionized biomedical research with significantly improved imaging resolution down to the molecular scale. To date, only limited studies reported multi-color super-resolution imaging of thin tissue slices mainly because of unavailable staining protocols and incompatible imaging techniques. Here, we show the first super-resolution imaging of flat-mounted whole mouse cornea using single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). We optimized immunofluorescence staining protocols for β-Tubulin, Vimentin, Peroxisome marker (PMP70), and Histone-H4 in whole mouse corneas. Using the optimized staining protocols, we imaged these four intracellular protein structures in the epithelium and endothelium layers of flat-mounted mouse corneas. We also achieved simultaneous two-color spectroscopic SMLM (sSMLM) imaging of β-Tubulin and Histone-H4 in corneal endothelial cells. The spatial localization precision of sSMLM in these studies was around 20-nm. This work sets the stage for investigating multiple intracellular alterations in corneal diseases at a nanoscopic resolution using whole corneal flat-mount beyond cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Zheyuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ki-Hee Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Lisa Beckmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ali Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hao F Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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21
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Davis JL, Soetikno B, Song KH, Zhang Y, Sun C, Zhang HF. RainbowSTORM: an open-source ImageJ plug-in for spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy (sSMLM) data analysis and image reconstruction. Bioinformatics 2021; 36:4972-4974. [PMID: 32663240 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy (sSMLM) simultaneously captures the spatial locations and full spectra of stochastically emitting fluorescent single molecules. It provides an optical platform to develop new multimolecular and functional imaging capabilities. While several open-source software suites provide subdiffraction localization of fluorescent molecules, software suites for spectroscopic analysis of sSMLM data remain unavailable. RainbowSTORM is an open-source ImageJ/FIJI plug-in for end-to-end spectroscopic analysis and visualization for sSMLM images. RainbowSTORM allows users to calibrate, preview and quantitatively analyze emission spectra acquired using different reported sSMLM system designs and fluorescent labels. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION RainbowSTORM is a java plug-in for ImageJ (https://imagej.net)/FIJI (http://fiji.sc) freely available through: https://github.com/FOIL-NU/RainbowSTORM. RainbowSTORM has been tested with Windows and Mac operating systems and ImageJ/FIJI version 1.52. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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22
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Kim G, Chung J, Park H, Kim D. Single‐Molecule Sensing by Grating‐based Spectrally Resolved Super‐Resolution Microscopy. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geun‐ho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyoung Chung
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbum Park
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Doory Kim
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
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23
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Davis JL, Zhang Y, Yi S, Du F, Song KH, Scott EA, Sun C, Zhang HF. Super-Resolution Imaging of Self-Assembled Nanocarriers Using Quantitative Spectroscopic Analysis for Cluster Extraction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2291-2299. [PMID: 32069413 PMCID: PMC7445082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanocarriers have inspired a range of applications for bioimaging, diagnostics, and drug delivery. The noninvasive visualization and characterization of these nanocarriers are important to understand their structure to function relationship. However, the quantitative visualization of nanocarriers in the sample's native environment remains challenging with the use of existing technologies. Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has the potential to provide both high-resolution visualization and quantitative analysis of nanocarriers in their native environment. However, nonspecific binding of fluorescent probes used in SMLM can introduce artifacts, which imposes challenges in the quantitative analysis of SMLM images. We showed the feasibility of using spectroscopic point accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (sPAINT) to visualize self-assembled polymersomes (PS) with molecular specificity. Furthermore, we analyzed the unique spectral signatures of Nile Red (NR) molecules bound to the PS to reject artifacts from nonspecific NR bindings. We further developed quantitative spectroscopic analysis for cluster extraction (qSPACE) to increase the localization density by 4-fold compared to sPAINT; thus, reducing variations in PS size measurements to less than 5%. Finally, using qSPACE, we quantitatively imaged PS at various concentrations in aqueous solutions with ∼20 nm localization precision and 97% reduction in sample misidentification relative to conventional SMLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janel L. Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Sijia Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Fanfan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Ki-Hee Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Evan A. Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Hao F. Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
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24
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Sansalone L, Zhang Y, Mazza MMA, Davis JL, Song KH, Captain B, Zhang HF, Raymo FM. High-Throughput Single-Molecule Spectroscopy Resolves the Conformational Isomers of BODIPY Chromophores. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6807-6812. [PMID: 31622551 PMCID: PMC7427264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophore is connected to a benzoxazole, benzothiazole, or nitrobenzothiazole heterocycle through an olefinic bridge with trans configuration. Rotation about the two [C-C] bonds flanking the olefinic bridge occurs with fast kinetics in solution, leading to the equilibration of four conformational isomers for each compound. Ensemble spectroscopic measurements in solutions fail to distinguish the coexisting isomers. They reveal instead averaged absorption and emission bands with dependence of the latter on the excitation wavelength. Using high-throughput single-molecule spectroscopy, two main populations of single molecules with distinct spectral centroids are observed for each compound on glass substrates. Computational analyses suggest the two populations of molecules to be conformational isomers with antiperiplanar and periplanar arrangements of the BODIPY chromophores about its [C-C] bond to the olefinic bridge. Thus, statistical analysis of multiple single-molecule emission spectra can discriminate stereoisomers that would otherwise be impossible to distinguish by ensemble measurements alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Sansalone
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431
| | - Yang Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
- Corresponding Authors ,
| | - Mercedes M. A. Mazza
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431
| | - Janel L. Davis
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Ki-Hee Song
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Burjor Captain
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431
| | - Hao F. Zhang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431
- Corresponding Authors ,
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25
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Stimuli-chromism of photoswitches in smart polymers: Recent advances and applications as chemosensors. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Karlsson JKG, Laude A, Hall MJ, Harriman A. Photo-isomerization of the Cyanine Dye Alexa-Fluor 647 (AF-647) in the Context of dSTORM Super-Resolution Microscopy. Chemistry 2019; 25:14983-14998. [PMID: 31515919 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyanine dyes, as used in super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, undergo light-induced "blinking", enabling localization of fluorophores with spatial resolution beyond the optical diffraction limit. Despite a plethora of studies, the molecular origins of this blinking are not well understood. Here, we examine the photophysical properties of a bio-conjugate cyanine dye (AF-647), used extensively in dSTORM imaging. In the absence of a potent sacrificial reductant, light-induced electron transfer and intermediates formed via the metastable, triplet excited state are considered unlikely to play a significant role in the blinking events. Instead, it is found that, under conditions appropriate to dSTORM microscopy, AF-647 undergoes reversible photo-induced isomerization to at least two long-lived dark species. These photo-isomers are characterized spectroscopically and their interconversion probed by computational means. The first-formed isomer is light sensitive and transforms to a longer-lived species in modest yield that could be involved in dSTORM related blinking. Permanent photobleaching of AF-647 occurs with very low quantum yield and is partially suppressed by the anaerobic redox buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K G Karlsson
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, SNES, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Alex Laude
- Bio-Imaging Unit, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Michael J Hall
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, SNES, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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27
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SONG KIHEE, ZHANG YANG, WANG GAOXIANG, SUN CHENG, ZHANG HAOF. Three-dimensional biplane spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy. OPTICA 2019; 6:709-715. [PMID: 36688951 PMCID: PMC9854264 DOI: 10.1364/optica.6.000709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy (sSMLM) captures the full emission spectra of individual molecules while simultaneously localizing their spatial locations at a precision greatly exceeding the optical diffraction limit. To achieve this, sSMLM uses a dispersive optical component to separate the emitted photons into dedicated spatial and spectral imaging channels for simultaneous acquisition. While adding a cylindrical lens in the spatial imaging channel enabled three-dimensional (3D) imaging in sSMLM, the inherent astigmatism leads to technical hurdles in spectral calibration and nonuniform lateral resolution at different depths. We found that implementing the biplane method based on the already established spatial and spectral imaging channels offers a much more attractive solution for 3D sSMLM. It allows for more efficient use of the limited photon budget and provides homogeneous lateral resolution compared with the astigmatism-based method using a cylindrical lens. Here we report 3D biplane sSMLM and demonstrate its multi-color 3D imaging capability by imaging microtubules and mitochondria in fixed COS-7 cells immunostained with Alexa Fluor 647 and CF 660C dyes, respectively. We showed a lateral localization precision of 20 nm at an average photon count of 550, a spectral precision of 4 nm at an average photon count of 1250, and an axial localization resolution of 50 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- KI-HEE SONG
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA
| | - YANG ZHANG
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA
| | - GAOXIANG WANG
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - CHENG SUN
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA
| | - HAO F. ZHANG
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA
- Corresponding author:
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28
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Comtet J, Glushkov E, Navikas V, Feng J, Babenko V, Hofmann S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Radenovic A. Wide-Field Spectral Super-Resolution Mapping of Optically Active Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2516-2523. [PMID: 30865468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Point defects can have significant impact on the mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of materials. The development of robust, multidimensional, high-throughput, and large-scale characterization techniques of defects is thus crucial for the establishment of integrated nanophotonic technologies and material growth optimization. Here, we demonstrate the potential of wide-field spectral single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) for the determination of ensemble spectral properties as well as the characterization of spatial, spectral, and temporal dynamics of single defects in chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown and irradiated exfoliated hexagonal boron-nitride materials. We characterize the heterogeneous spectral response of our samples and identify at least two types of defects in CVD-grown materials, while irradiated exfoliated flakes show predominantly only one type of defects. We analyze the blinking kinetics and spectral emission for each type of defects and discuss their implications with respect to the observed spectral heterogeneity of our samples. Our study shows the potential of wide-field spectral SMLM techniques in material science and paves the way toward the quantitative multidimensional mapping of defect properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Comtet
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Evgenii Glushkov
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Vytautas Navikas
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Jiandong Feng
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , 310027 , China
| | - Vitaliy Babenko
- Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , CB3 0FA Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , CB3 0FA Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba 306-0044 , Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba 306-0044 , Japan
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
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29
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Dolgopolova EA, Galitskiy VA, Martin CR, Gregory HN, Yarbrough BJ, Rice AM, Berseneva AA, Ejegbavwo OA, Stephenson KS, Kittikhunnatham P, Karakalos SG, Smith MD, Greytak AB, Garashchuk S, Shustova NB. Connecting Wires: Photoinduced Electronic Structure Modulation in Metal–Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5350-5358. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Dolgopolova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Vladimir A. Galitskiy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Corey R. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Haley N. Gregory
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Brandon J. Yarbrough
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Allison M. Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Anna A. Berseneva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Otega A. Ejegbavwo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Kenneth S. Stephenson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Preecha Kittikhunnatham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Stavros G. Karakalos
- College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Andrew B. Greytak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Sophya Garashchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Natalia B. Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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30
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Grimm O, Maßmann SC, Schacher FH. Synthesis and solution behaviour of dual light- and temperature-responsive poly(triethylene glycol-co-spiropyran) copolymers and block copolymers. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00458k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We herein report on the synthesis and characterization of materials featuring a dual-responsive copolymer segment consisting of photo-responsive spiropyran (SPA) and temperature-responsive triethylene glycol acrylate (TEGA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Grimm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Sarina C. Maßmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Centre for Soft Matter (JCSM)
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31
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Kortekaas L, Browne WR. The evolution of spiropyran: fundamentals and progress of an extraordinarily versatile photochrome. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3406-3424. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00203k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Spiropyrans have played a pivotal role in the emergence of the field of chromism following their discovery in the early 20th century, with almost ubiquitous use in materials applications especially since their photochromism was discovered in 1952.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk Kortekaas
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry
- Stratingh institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R. Browne
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry
- Stratingh institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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32
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Wang C, Liu Z, Li C, Wu Y, Wang S. Preparation of reversible photoresponsive N-hydroxyethyl spiropyran/polyacrylonitrile fiber materials with mechanical stability by electrospinning for regulating wettability and humidity automatically. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008318817802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Novel photoresponsive N-hydroxyethyl spiropyran (SP-OH)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber materials with reversible changes in wettability and humidity were prepared by electrospinning in this work. SP-OH and PAN were mixed through a physical doping method. The wettability and humidity regulation of the electrospun films can be reversibly manipulated by the simple change of ultraviolet (UV)-visible (UV-Vis) light irradiation due to the photoisomerization mechanism of the spiropyran chromophore. Under UV light irradiation, SP-OH molecules exhibit a colored polar open-ring status, resulting in electrostatic attraction with water. However, under visible light irradiation, they are colorless and nonpolar and lose the attraction effect. Wettability and ambient humidity were regulated by this repeated transformation between polar surface and nonpolar surface. The tensile strength and the reversible change ranges of wettability and humidity under UV-Vis irradiation are all closely related to the doping amount of SP-OH. Electrospinning is a promising method to achieve large-scale production that can put such a material into practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenfu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunhao Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhhot, People’s Republic of China
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33
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Kortekaas L, Chen J, Jacquemin D, Browne WR. Proton-Stabilized Photochemically Reversible E/ Z Isomerization of Spiropyrans. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:6423-6430. [PMID: 29847129 PMCID: PMC6150689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b03528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spiropyrans undergo Cspiro-O bond breaking to their ring-open protonated E-merocyanine form upon protonation and irradiation via an intermediate protonated Z-merocyanine isomer. We show that the extent of acid-induced ring opening is controlled by matching both the concentration and strength of the acid used and with strong acids full ring opening to the Z-merocyanine isomer occurs spontaneously allowing its characterization by 1H NMR spectroscopy as well as UV/vis spectroscopy, and reversible switching between Z/ E-isomerization by irradiation with UV and visible light. Under sufficiently acidic conditions, both E- and Z-isomers are thermally stable. Judicious choice of acid such that its p Ka lies between that of the E- and Z-merocyanine forms enables thermally stable switching between spiropyran and E-merocyanine forms and hence pH gating between thermally irreversible and reversible photochromic switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kortekaas
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - J Chen
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - D Jacquemin
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM) , UMR CNRS no. 6230, Université de Nantes , BP 92208, 2, Rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - W R Browne
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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Grimm O, Schacher FH. Dual Stimuli-Responsive P(NIPAAm-co-SPA) Copolymers: Synthesis and Response in Solution and in Films. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E645. [PMID: 30966679 PMCID: PMC6403943 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the synthesis and solution properties of dual stimuli-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-spiropyran acrylate) (P(NIPAAm-co-SPA)) copolymers of varying composition prepared via nitroxide-mediated copolymerization. The resulting copolymers feature molar masses from 40,000 to 100,000 g/mol according to static light scattering and an SPA content of up to 5.3%. The latter was determined by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and UV⁻Vis spectroscopy. These materials exhibit reversible response upon irradiation in polymeric films for a minimum of three cycles; their response in solution to both light and temperature was also investigated in an aqueous TRIS buffer (pH 8). Irradiation was carried out using LED setups with wavelengths of 365 and 590 nm. In aqueous solution, a custom-made setup using a fiber-coupled 200 W Hg(Xe) lamp with 340 and 540 nm filters was used and additional heating of the copolymer solutions during irradiation allowed to study influence of the presence of either the spiropyran or merocyanine form on the cloud point temperature. Hereby, it was found that increasing the SPA content leads to a more pronounced difference between both states and decreasing cloud points in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Grimm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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Yan R, Moon S, Kenny SJ, Xu K. Spectrally Resolved and Functional Super-resolution Microscopy via Ultrahigh-Throughput Single-Molecule Spectroscopy. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:697-705. [PMID: 29443498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
As an elegant integration of the spatial and temporal dimensions of single-molecule fluorescence, single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) overcomes the diffraction-limited resolution barrier of optical microscopy by localizing single molecules that stochastically switch between fluorescent and dark states over time. While this type of super-resolution microscopy (SRM) technique readily achieves remarkable spatial resolutions of ∼10 nm, it typically provides no spectral information. Meanwhile, current scanning-based single-location approaches for mapping the positions and spectra of single molecules are limited by low throughput and are difficult to apply to densely labeled (bio)samples. In this Account, we summarize the rationale, design, and results of our recent efforts toward the integration of the spectral dimension of single-molecule fluorescence with SMLM to achieve spectrally resolved SMLM (SR-SMLM) and functional SRM ( f-SRM). By developing a wide-field scheme for spectral measurement and implementing single-molecule fluorescence on-off switching typical of SMLM, we first showed that in densely labeled (bio)samples it is possible to record the fluorescence spectra and positions of millions of single molecules synchronously within minutes, giving rise to ultrahigh-throughput single-molecule spectroscopy and SR-SMLM. This allowed us to first show statistically that for many dyes, single molecules of the same species exhibit near identical emission in fixed cells. This narrow distribution of emission wavelengths, which contrasts markedly with previous results at solid surfaces, allowed us to unambiguously identify single molecules of spectrally similar dyes. Crosstalk-free, multiplexed SRM was thus achieved for four dyes that were merely 10 nm apart in emission spectrum, with the three-dimensional SRM images of all four dyes being automatically aligned within one image channel. The ability to incorporate single-molecule fluorescence measurement with SMLM was next utilized to achieve f-SRM. By encoding functional information into the spectral responses of environment-sensing fluorescent probes, f-SRM transcends the structural information provided by typical SRM techniques and reveals the spatiotemporal distribution of physicochemical parameters with single-molecule sensitivity and nanoscale spatial resolution. As one example, by employing the solvatochromic dye Nile Red to sense local chemical polarity, we revealed nanoscale heterogeneity in the membranes of live mammalian cells. This enabled us to unveil substantial polarity differences between the plasma membrane and the membranes of nanoscale intracellular organelles, a result we determined to be due to differences in local cholesterol levels. With the addition of cholesterol or cholera toxin, we further observed the formation of low-polarity, raftlike nanodomains in the plasma membrane. In another study, we generalized SR-SMLM to fluorogenic single-molecule reactions. As a wide-field technique, SR-SMLM readily captures the emission spectra of individual product fluorescent molecules that are stochastically produced from nonfluorescent reactants at random locations over large sample areas, and therefore, it provides the unique possibility to spectrally identify and characterize single product molecules in a high-throughput fashion. Using the ring-opening reaction of a photochromic spiropyran as an example, we demonstrated that the capability to resolve the emission spectra of single product molecules could unveil rich, multipath reaction pathways. In summary, by integrating the spatial, temporal, and spectral dimensions of single-molecule fluorescence, SR-SMLM and f-SRM add rich spectral and functional dimensions to SRM and thus open up new ways of probing biological and chemical systems at the single-molecule and nanoscale levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Seonah Moon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Samuel J. Kenny
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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37
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Samanta D, Galaktionova D, Gemen J, Shimon LJW, Diskin-Posner Y, Avram L, Král P, Klajn R. Reversible chromism of spiropyran in the cavity of a flexible coordination cage. Nat Commun 2018; 9:641. [PMID: 29440687 PMCID: PMC5811438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Confining molecules to volumes only slightly larger than the molecules themselves can profoundly alter their properties. Molecular switches-entities that can be toggled between two or more forms upon exposure to an external stimulus-often require conformational freedom to isomerize. Therefore, placing these switches in confined spaces can render them non-operational. To preserve the switchability of these species under confinement, we work with a water-soluble coordination cage that is flexible enough to adapt its shape to the conformation of the encapsulated guest. We show that owing to its flexibility, the cage is not only capable of accommodating-and solubilizing in water-several light-responsive spiropyran-based molecular switches, but, more importantly, it also provides an environment suitable for the efficient, reversible photoisomerization of the bound guests. Our findings pave the way towards studying various molecular switching processes in confined environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Samanta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Daria Galaktionova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Julius Gemen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Linda J W Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yael Diskin-Posner
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Rafal Klajn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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