1
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Frey NC, Hollister KK, Müller P, Dickie DA, Webster CE, Gilliard RJ. Borafluorene-Mediated Sulfur Activation: Isolation of Boryl-Linked S 7 and S 8 Catenates and Related Chalcogenide Molecules. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39239900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Although the activation of elemental sulfur by main group compounds is well-documented in the literature, the products of such reactions are often heterocyclic in nature. However, the isolation and characterization of sulfur catenates (i.e., acyclic sulfur chains) is significantly less common. In this study, we report the activation of elemental sulfur by the 9-CAAC-9-borafluorene radical (1) and anion (2) (CAAC = (2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,4-diethyl-2,2-dimethyl-pyrrolidin-5-ylidene) to form boron-sulfur catenates (3-6). From the isolation of the octasulfide-bridged compound 3, a sulfur extrusion reaction using 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene (IMe4) was used to decrease the sulfide chain length from eight to seven (4). Bonding analysis of compounds 3-6 was performed using density functional theory, which elucidated the nature of the sulfur-sulfur bonding observed within these compounds. We also report the synthesis of a series of borafluorene-chalcogenide species (7-9), via diphenyl dichalcogenide activation, which portray characteristics described by an internal heavy atom effect. Compounds 7-9 each exhibit blue fluorescence, with the lowest energy emissive process (S2 → S0) at 436 nm (7 and 8) and 431 nm (9). The S1 → S0 emission is not observed experimentally due to a Laporte forbidden transition. Density functional theory was employed to investigate the frontier molecular orbitals and absorption and emission profiles of compounds 7-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 18-596, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Kimberly K Hollister
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 18-596, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Peter Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 18-596, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Box 9573, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Robert J Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 18-596, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
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2
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Mato M, Cornella J. Bismuth in Radical Chemistry and Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315046. [PMID: 37988225 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Whereas indications of radical reactivity in bismuth compounds can be traced back to the 19th century, the preparation and characterization of both transient and persistent bismuth-radical species has only been established in recent decades. These advancements led to the emergence of the field of bismuth radical chemistry, mirroring the progress seen for other main-group elements. The seminal and fundamental studies in this area have ultimately paved the way for the development of catalytic methodologies involving bismuth-radical intermediates, a promising approach that remains largely untapped in the broad landscape of synthetic organic chemistry. In this review, we delve into the milestones that eventually led to the present state-of-the-art in the field of radical bismuth chemistry. Our focus aims at outlining the intrinsic discoveries in fundamental inorganic/organometallic chemistry and contextualizing their practical applications in organic synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mato
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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3
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Yuan AT, Liu L, Chang LY, Stillman MJ. Xenobiotic Bi 3+ Coordination by Cysteine-Rich Metallothionein-3 Reveals a Cooperatively Formed Thiolate-Sharing Bi 2S 5 Cluster. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13011-13020. [PMID: 37535952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The field of designing artificial metalloproteins has yet to effectively tackle the incorporation of multimetal clusters, which is a key component of natural metalloproteins, such as metallothioneins (MTs) and calmodulin. MT is a physiological, essential, cysteine-rich metalloprotein that binds to a variety of metals but is only known to form metal-thiolate clusters with Cd2+, Zn2+, and Cu+. Bismuth is a xenobiotic metal and a component of metallodrugs used to treat gastric ulcers and cancer, as well as an emerging metal used in industrial practices. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, UV-visible spectroscopy, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy were used to probe the Bi3+ binding site structures in apo-MT3 (brain-located MT) at pH 7.4 and 2 and provide the complete set of binding affinities. We discovered the highly cooperative formation of a novel Bi3+ species, Bi2MT3, under physiological conditions, where each Bi3+ ion is coordinated by three cysteinyl thiolates, with one of the thiolates bridging between the two Bi3+ ions. This cluster structure was associated with a strong visible region absorption band, which was disrupted by the addition of Zn2+ and reversibly disrupted by acidification and increased temperature. This is the first reported presence of bridging cysteines for a xenobiotic metal in MT3 and the Bi2MT structure is the first Bi cluster found in a metalloprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia T Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Lijia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Lo-Yueh Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Martin J Stillman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
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4
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Chivers T, Oakley RT. Structures and Spectroscopic Properties of Polysulfide Radical Anions: A Theoretical Perspective. Molecules 2023; 28:5654. [PMID: 37570624 PMCID: PMC10419630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential involvement of polysulfide radical anions Sn•- is a recurring theme in discussions of the basic and applied chemistry of elemental sulfur. However, while the spectroscopic features for n = 2 and 3 are well-established, information on the structures and optical characteristics of the larger congeners (n = 4-8) is sparse. To aid identification of these ephemeral species we have performed PCM-corrected DFT calculations to establish the preferred geometries for Sn•- (n = 4-8) in the polar media in which they are typically generated. TD-DFT calculations were then used to determine the number, nature and energies of the electronic excitations possible for these species. Numerical reliability of the approach was tested by comparison of the predicted and experimental excitation energies found for S2•- and S3•-. The low-energy (near-IR) transitions found for the two acyclic isomers of S4•- (C2h and C2v symmetry) and for S5•- (Cs symmetry) can be understood by extension of the simple HMO π-only chain model that serves for S2•- and S3•-. By contrast, the excitations predicted for the quasi-cyclic structures Sn•- (n = 6-8) are better described in terms of σ → σ* processes within a localized 2c-3e manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristram Chivers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Richard T. Oakley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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5
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Schwamm RJ, Kilpatrick AFR, Coles MP. Catenated (Bi)
n
(
n
=2, 3, 4) Complexes with Formally Monovalent Bismuth Centres. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Schwamm
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington PO Box 6012 New Zealand
| | | | - Martyn P. Coles
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington PO Box 6012 New Zealand
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6
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Zechovský J, Kertész E, Kremláček V, Hejda M, Mikysek T, Erben M, Růžička A, Jambor R, Benkő Z, Dostál L. Exploring Differences between Bis(aldimino)- and amino-aldimino- N, C, N-Pincer-Stabilized Pnictinidenes: Limits of Synthesis, Structure, and Reversible Tautomerization-Controlled Oxidation. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Zechovský
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Kertész
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vít Kremláček
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hejda
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Mikysek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Erben
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and ELKH-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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7
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Feng Z, Tang S, Su Y, Wang X. Recent advances in stable main group element radicals: preparation and characterization. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5930-5973. [PMID: 35770612 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00288d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radical species are significant in modern chemistry. Their unique chemical bonding and novel physicochemical properties play significant roles not only in fundamental chemistry, but also in materials science. Main group element radicals are usually transient due to their high reactivity. Highly stable radicals are often stabilized by π-delocalization, sterically demanding ligands, carbenes and weakly coordinating anions in recent years. This review presents the recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, reactivity and physical properties of isolable main group element radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yuanting Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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8
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Duneş G, Soran A, Silvestru C. Organopnictogen(III) bis(arylthiolates) containing NCN-aryl pincer ligands: from synthesis and characterization to reactivity. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10406-10419. [PMID: 35762306 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01436j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Salt elimination reactions between organopnictogen(III) dichlorides, RPnCl2 [R1 = 2,6-(Me2NCH2)2C6H3, Pn = Sb (1), Bi (2); R2 = 2,6-{MeN(CH2CH2)2NCH2}2C6H3, Pn = Sb (3), Bi (4); R3 = 2,6-{O(CH2CH2)2NCH2}2C6H3, Pn = Sb (5), Bi (6)] and 2 equivalents of KSC6H3Me2-2,6 afforded the isolation of a series of new NCN-chelated monoorganopnictogen(III) bis(arylthiolates), RPn(SC6H3Me2-2,6)2 [R1, Pn = Sb (7), Bi (8); R2, Pn = Sb (9), Bi (10); R3, Pn = Sb (11), Bi (12)]. Compounds 7 and 8 are unstable upon exposure to a dry O2 atmosphere and their aerobic decomposition yields the monoorganopnictogen(III) oxides, cyclo-[2,6-(Me2NCH2)2C6H3Pn(μ-O)]2 [Pn = Sb (13), Bi (14)] with concomitant formation of the corresponding disulfide, ArS-SAr (Ar = C6H3Me2-2,6). The oxidative addition of elemental sulfur or selenium to 7 undergoes a similar reaction path and gives stable heterocyclic species cyclo-[2,6-(Me2NCH2)2C6H3Sb(μ-E)]2 [E = S (15), Se (16)]. The reaction of 12 with I2 (1 : 1 molar ratio) gives the diiodide [2,6-{O(CH2CH2)2NCH2}2C6H3]BiI2 (17), along with the S-S oxidative coupling by-product, ArS-SAr. The use of an excess of iodine affords the crystallization of a 2 : 1 iodine adduct of 17 (17·0.5I2), built through halogen bonding. All new compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction (except compounds 9 and 10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Duneş
- Department of Chemistry, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Albert Soran
- Department of Chemistry, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cristian Silvestru
- Department of Chemistry, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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9
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Moon HW, Cornella J. Bismuth Redox Catalysis: An Emerging Main-Group Platform for Organic Synthesis. ACS Catal 2022; 12:1382-1393. [PMID: 35096470 PMCID: PMC8787757 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Bismuth has recently
been shown to be able to maneuver between
different oxidation states, enabling access to unique redox cycles
that can be harnessed in the context of organic synthesis. Indeed,
various catalytic Bi redox platforms have been discovered and revealed
emerging opportunities in the field of main group redox catalysis.
The goal of this perspective is to provide an overview of the synthetic
methodologies that have been developed to date, which capitalize on
the Bi redox cycling. Recent catalytic methods via low-valent Bi(II)/Bi(III),
Bi(I)/Bi(III), and high-valent Bi(III)/Bi(V) redox couples are covered
as well as their underlying mechanisms and key intermediates. In addition,
we illustrate different design strategies stabilizing low-valent and
high-valent bismuth species, and highlight the characteristic reactivity
of bismuth complexes, compared to the lighter p-block
and d-block elements. Although it is not redox catalysis
in nature, we also discuss a recent example of non-Lewis acid, redox-neutral
Bi(III) catalysis proceeding through catalytic organometallic steps.
We close by discussing opportunities and future directions in this
emerging field of catalysis. We hope that this Perspective will provide
synthetic chemists with guiding principles for the future development
of catalytic transformations employing bismuth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Moon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
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10
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Dietz M, Arrowsmith M, Gärtner A, Radacki K, Bertermann R, Braunschweig H. Harnessing the electronic differences between CAAC-stabilised 1,4-diborabenzene and 9,10-diboraanthracene for synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13526-13529. [PMID: 34668914 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05173c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of doubly cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene-stabilised closed-shell 1,4-diborabenzene with sulfur or selenium yields S4/S5- or Se4-bridged hexa-1,4-dienes, respectively, whereas that of the related open-shell singlet biradical 9,10-diboraanthracene with O2, sulfur or selenium yields the endoperoxo- or S/Se-bridged bicyclic species, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Dietz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Annalena Gärtner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Alvarez S. From polygons to polyhedra through intermediate structures. A shape measures study of six-atom inorganic rings and clusters. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17101-17119. [PMID: 34779451 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03039f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the wealth of well-established molecular structures, inorganic rings and clusters present an overwhelming variety of geometries that chemists try to describe with a limited assortment of regular polygons and polyhedra. In the case of six-atom structures we usually employ the hexagon, the pentagonal pyramid, the trigonal prism and the octahedron. More often than not, however, real world structures deviate from those ideal geometries, and we try to cope with non-ideality by adding adjectives such as distorted, twisted, puckered or flattened, additionally nuanced by adverbs such as slightly, significantly or severely. This contribution presents a systematic structural perspective of six-atom groups in molecules by means of a continuous shape measures (CShM) analysis. The shape of a group of N points is defined by all the sets of 3 N Cartesian coordinates that can be generated by rigid translation, rotation, or isotropic scale change. Among all possible arrangements of N points in space, we select as reference shapes the corresponding regular N-vertex polygons and polyhedra, together with univocally defined combinations thereof (e.g., two coplanar or perpendicular edge-sharing squares). The present CShM study allows us to classify most of the structures not only by their closeness to a particular regular shape, but also by quantifying their position along minimal distortion interconversion pathways between two regular shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Alvarez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Schwamm RJ, Randow CA, Mouchfiq A, Evans MJ, Coles MP, Robin Fulton J. Synthesis of Heavy
N‐
Heterocyclic Tetrylenes: Influence of Ligand Sterics on Structure. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Schwamm
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Clara A. Randow
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Ahmed Mouchfiq
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Matthew J. Evans
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Martyn P. Coles
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - J. Robin Fulton
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
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13
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Hanft A, Radacki K, Lichtenberg C. Cationic Bismuth Aminotroponiminates: Charge Controls Redox Properties. Chemistry 2021; 27:6230-6239. [PMID: 33326650 PMCID: PMC8048980 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of the redox‐active aminotroponiminate (ATI) ligand in the coordination sphere of bismuth has been investigated in neutral and cationic compounds, [Bi(ATI)3] and [Bi(ATI)2Ln][A] (L=neutral ligand; n=0, 1; A=counteranion). Their coordination chemistry in solution and in the solid state has been analyzed through (variable‐temperature) NMR spectroscopy, line‐shape analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses, and their Lewis acidity has been evaluated by using the Gutmann–Beckett method (and modifications thereof). Cyclic voltammetry, in combination with DFT calculations, indicates that switching between ligand‐ and metal‐centered redox events is possible by altering the charge of the compounds from 0 in neutral species to +1 in cationic compounds. This adds important facets to the rich redox chemistry of ATIs and to the redox chemistry of bismuth compounds, which is, so far, largely unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hanft
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Oberdorf K, Hanft A, Ramler J, Krummenacher I, Bickelhaupt FM, Poater J, Lichtenberg C. Bismutamide als einfache Vermittler hochselektiver Pn−Pn‐Radikal‐Kupplungsreaktionen (Pn=N, P, As). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Oberdorf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Anna Hanft
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Jacqueline Ramler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, ACMM Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Niederlande
- Institut für Moleküle und Materialien Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen Niederlande
| | - Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB Universitat de Barcelona & ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spanien
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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15
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Oberdorf K, Hanft A, Ramler J, Krummenacher I, Bickelhaupt FM, Poater J, Lichtenberg C. Bismuth Amides Mediate Facile and Highly Selective Pn-Pn Radical-Coupling Reactions (Pn=N, P, As). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6441-6445. [PMID: 33315293 PMCID: PMC7986226 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The controlled release of well-defined radical species under mild conditions for subsequent use in selective reactions is an important and challenging task in synthetic chemistry. We show here that simple bismuth amide species [Bi(NAr2 )3 ] readily release aminyl radicals [NAr2 ]. at ambient temperature in solution. These reactions yield the corresponding hydrazines, Ar2 N-NAr2 , as a result of highly selective N-N coupling. The exploitation of facile homolytic Bi-Pn bond cleavage for Pn-Pn bond formation was extended to higher homologues of the pnictogens (Pn=N-As): homoleptic bismuth amides mediate the highly selective dehydrocoupling of HPnR2 to give R2 Pn-PnR2 . Analyses by NMR and EPR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and DFT calculations reveal low Bi-N homolytic bond-dissociation energies, suggest radical coupling in the coordination sphere of bismuth, and reveal electronic and steric parameters as effective tools to control these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Oberdorf
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität, WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Anna Hanft
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität, WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jacqueline Ramler
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität, WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität, WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, ACMMVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUBUniversitat de Barcelona & ICREAPg. Lluís Companys 2308010BarcelonaSpain
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität, WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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16
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Dunaj T, Dollberg K, Ritter C, Dankert F, Hänisch C. 2,6‐Diisopropylphenyl‐Substituted Bismuth Compounds: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202001019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Dunaj
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Kevin Dollberg
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Christian Ritter
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Fabian Dankert
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Carsten Hänisch
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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17
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Lichtenberg C. Molecular bismuth(iii) monocations: structure, bonding, reactivity, and catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4483-4495. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01284c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Structurally defined, molecular bismuth(iii) cations show remarkable properties in coordination chemistry, Lewis acidity, and redox chemistry, allowing for unique applications in synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin Lichtenberg
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Am Hubland
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
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18
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Helling C, Wölper C, Schulz S. Size Matters: Synthesis of Group 13 Metal‐Substituted Dipnictanes by E‐C Bond Homolysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Helling
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstraße 5‐7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstraße 5‐7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstraße 5‐7 45141 Essen Germany
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19
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Rejmak P. Computational refinement of the puzzling red tetrasulfur chromophore in ultramarine pigments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22684-22698. [PMID: 33026407 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03019h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the cryptic red chromophore, accompanying the blue S3˙- radical in ultramarine pigments, which usually was tentatively assigned to an unspecified isomer of either neutral S4 or ionic S4˙- species. To reveal its identity, we performed the first systematic density functional studies on periodic and large cluster models of red ultramarines, considering several S4/S4˙- isomers embedded in aluminosilicate cages. For both neutral and charged tetrasulfides the most stable confined isomer is the planar C2v one. The only plausible candidate for the red chromophore among the tetrasulfur species is the planar C2v isomer of the neutral S4 molecule, which, apart from being thermodynamically preferable, strongly absorbs green light and its vibrational modes match very well with the available Raman data. The C2v-S4˙- radical, if present at all in red ultramarines, could be identified by strong absorption in the near infrared region and possibly by the slightly larger isotropic value of the g tensor than that of the S3˙- radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Rejmak
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland.
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20
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Helling C, Schulz S. Long‐Lived Radicals of the Heavier Group 15 Elements Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Helling
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstraße 5‐7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstraße 5‐7 45141 Essen Germany
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21
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Lichtenberg C. Main-Group Metal Complexes in Selective Bond Formations Through Radical Pathways. Chemistry 2020; 26:9674-9687. [PMID: 32048770 PMCID: PMC7496981 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed remarkable advances in radical reactions involving main-group metal complexes. This includes the isolation and detailed characterization of main-group metal radical compounds, but also the generation of highly reactive persistent or transient radical species. A rich arsenal of methods has been established that allows control over and exploitation of their unusual reactivity patterns. Thus, main-group metal compounds have entered the field of selective bond formations in controlled radical reactions. Transformations that used to be the domain of late transition-metal compounds have been realized, and unusual selectivities, high activities, as well as remarkable functional-group tolerances have been reported. Recent findings demonstrate the potential of main-group metal compounds to become standard tools of synthetic chemistry, catalysis, and materials science, when operating through radical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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22
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Evans MJ, Anker MD, Mouchfiq A, Lein M, Fulton JR. The “Metallo”‐Diels–Alder Reactions: Examining the Metalloid Behavior of Germanimines. Chemistry 2020; 26:2606-2609. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Evans
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesVictoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Mathew D. Anker
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesVictoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Ahmed Mouchfiq
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesVictoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Matthias Lein
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesVictoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - J. Robin Fulton
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesVictoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
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23
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Schwamm RJ, Coles MP. Distibanes and Distibenes from Reduction of Sb(NON R )Cl by using Mg I Reagents. Chemistry 2019; 25:14183-14191. [PMID: 31452283 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The bis(amidodimethyl)disiloxane antimony chlorides Sb(NONR )Cl (NONR =[O(SiMe2 NR)2 ]2- ; R=tBu, Ph, 2,6-Me2 C6 H3 =Dmp, 2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 =Dipp, 2,6-(CHPh2 )2 -4-tBuC6 H2 =tBu-Bhp) are reduced to SbII and SbI species by using MgI reagents, [Mg(BDIR' )]2 (BDI=[HC{C(Me)NR'}2 ]- ; R'=2,4,6-Me3 C6 H2 =Mes, Dipp). Stoichiometric reactions with Sb(NONR )Cl (R=tBu, Ph) form dimeric SbII stibanes [Sb(NONR )]2 , shown crystallographically to contain Sb-Sb single bonds. The analogous distibane with R=Dmp substituents has an exceptionally long Sb-Sb interaction and exhibits spectroscopic and reactivity properties consistent with radical character in solution. When R=Dipp, reductions with MgI reagents directly give distibenes [Sb(μ-NONDipp )Mg(BDIR' )(THF)n ]2 (R'=Mes, n=1; R'=Dipp, n=0). Crystallographic analysis shows a trans-substitution of the Sb=Sb double bond, with bridging NONDipp -ligands between the SbI and MgII centres. An attempt to access the NONPh -analogue using the same protocol afforded the polystibide cluster Sb8 [μ4 ,η2:2:2:2 -Mg(BDIMes )]4 , which co-crystallized with the ligand transfer product, [Mg(BDIMes )]2 (μ-NONPh ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Schwamm
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Martyn P Coles
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
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24
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Mondal MK, Zhang L, Feng Z, Tang S, Feng R, Zhao Y, Tan G, Ruan H, Wang X. Tricoordinate Nontrigonal Pnictogen‐Centered Radical Anions: Isolation, Characterization, and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manas Kumar Mondal
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Center of Materials Science and Engineering Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China
| | - Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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25
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Mondal MK, Zhang L, Feng Z, Tang S, Feng R, Zhao Y, Tan G, Ruan H, Wang X. Tricoordinate Nontrigonal Pnictogen‐Centered Radical Anions: Isolation, Characterization, and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15829-15833. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manas Kumar Mondal
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Center of Materials Science and Engineering Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China
| | - Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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26
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Kořenková M, Hejda M, Erben M, Jirásko R, Jambor R, Růžička A, Rychagova E, Ketkov S, Dostál L. Reversible C=C Bond Activation by an Intramolecularly Coordinated Antimony(I) Compound. Chemistry 2019; 25:12884-12888. [PMID: 31353625 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kořenková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry FCHTUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hejda
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry FCHTUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Milan Erben
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry FCHTUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Robert Jirásko
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry FCHTUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry FCHTUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Elena Rychagova
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS 49 Tropinin St. 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Ketkov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS 49 Tropinin St. 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry FCHTUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
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27
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Ramler J, Krummenacher I, Lichtenberg C. Bismutverbindungen in der Radikalkatalyse: Übergangsmetallbismutane ermöglichen thermisch induzierte Cycloisomerisierungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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28
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Ramler J, Krummenacher I, Lichtenberg C. Bismuth Compounds in Radical Catalysis: Transition Metal Bismuthanes Facilitate Thermally Induced Cycloisomerizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12924-12929. [PMID: 31166083 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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29
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Helling C, Wölper C, Schulte Y, Cutsail GE, Schulz S. Synthesis of a Ga-Stabilized As-Centered Radical and a Gallastibene by Tailoring Group 15 Element–Carbon Bond Strengths. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:10323-10332. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Helling
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Yannick Schulte
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - George E. Cutsail
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (CEC), Stiftstraße 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
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30
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Gyton MR, Bhadbhade M, Cole ML. A Flexible, Extremely Sterically Demanding Triazenide Ligand: Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Gyton
- School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
- Current address: Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CV4 7AL Coventry United Kingdom
| | - Mohan Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Marcus L. Cole
- School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
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31
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Schwamm RJ, Fitchett CM, Coles MP. Intramolecular Metal⋅⋅⋅π-Arene Interactions in Neutral and Cationic Main Group Compounds. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1204-1211. [PMID: 30600924 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of intramolecular metal⋅⋅⋅π-arene interactions has been investigated in the solid-state structures of a series of main group compounds supported by the bulky amide ligands, [N(tBu Ar≠ )(SiR3 )]- (tBu Ar≠ =2,6-(CHPh2 )2 -4-tBuC6 H2 , R=Me, Ph). The lithium and potassium amide salts showed different patterns of solvation and demonstrated that the SiPh3 substituent is able to be involved in stabilizing the electrophilic metal. These group 1 metal compounds served as ligand transfer reagents to access a series of bismuth(III) halides. Chloride extraction from Bi(N{tBu Ar≠ }{SiPh3 })Cl2 using AlCl3 afforded the 1:1 salt [Bi(N{tBu Ar≠ }{SiPh3 })Cl][AlCl4 ]. This was accompanied by a significant rearrangement of the stabilizing π-arene contacts in the solid-state. Attempted preparation of the corresponding tetraphenylborate salt resulted in phenyl-transfer and generation of the neutral Bi(N{tBu Ar≠ }{SiPh3 })(Ph)Cl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Schwamm
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | | | - Martyn P Coles
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
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32
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Schwamm RJ, Edwards AJ, Fitchett CM, Coles MP. A study of di(amino)stibines with terminal Sb(iii) hydrogen-ligands by X-ray- and neutron-diffraction. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2953-2958. [PMID: 30741279 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt05113e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The bis(amidodimethyl)disiloxane ligands [O{SiMe2NR}2]2- (R = 2,6-Me2C6H3 (Ar') and 2,6-iPr2C6H3 (Ar), abbreviated [NONR]2-, are a stable support for Sb(iii) complexes of general formula Sb(NONR)X (X = Cl, H). The compounds are monomeric in the solid-state, with bidentate N,N'-coordination of the [NONR]2- and terminal chloride/hydrogen-ligands. Sb(NONAr')H was analyzed by single-crystal neutron diffraction, giving the first accurate parameters for the Sb-H bond to an antimony(iii) centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Schwamm
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
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33
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Steudel R, Chivers T. The role of polysulfide dianions and radical anions in the chemical, physical and biological sciences, including sulfur-based batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3279-3319. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00826d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polysulfide dianions and radical anions play a crucial role in biological chemistry, geochemical processes, alkali metal–sulfur batteries, organic syntheses, coordination chemistry, and materials sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Steudel
- Institute of Chemistry
- Technical University Berlin
- D-10623 Berlin
- Germany
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Boeré RT. Experimental and Computational Evidence for "Double Pancake Bonds": The Role of Dispersion-Corrected DFT Methods in Strongly Dimerized 5-Aryl-1λ 2,3λ 2-dithia-2,4,6-triazines. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:18170-18180. [PMID: 31458400 PMCID: PMC6644306 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Crystal structures are reported for bicyclic 3-CF3C6H4CN5S3 and monocyclic 3-CF3C6H4CN3S2, the latter of which is strongly dimerized in a cis-cofacial geometry [3-CF3C6H4CN3S2]2. The title compounds have previously been characterized in solution by NMR, displaying spectra that are consistent with the structure of [3-CF3C6H4CN3S2]2 in the crystal with anti-oriented CF3 substituents. The interannular binding was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) methods. However, the DFT-optimized geometry spreads the aryl rings too far apart (centroid-centroid distances of ≥4.353 Å versus experimental distance of 3.850 Å). Significant improvements are obtained with dispersion-corrected DFT functionals B3LYP-D3, B3LYP-D3BJ, M062X, and APFD using the 6-311+G(2d,p) basis set. However, all of these overbind the aryl rings with centroid-centroid distances of 3.612, 3.570, 3.526, and 3.511 Å, respectively. After selecting B3LYP-D3BJ/6-311+G(2d,p) as the best method, five alternative dimer geometries were tested, and all were found to be binding; however, anti cofacial-4 (matching the structure in the solid state) is the most stable. Computed energies of the remainder are as follows: +7.0 kJ mol-1 (syn-cofacial-5), +26.7 kJ mol-1 (anti-cofacial-64), +27.0 kJ mol-1 (syn-cofacial-150), +102.0 kJ mol-1 (S,S-antarafacial), and +103.7 kJ mol-1 (S,N-antarafacial), where the suffixes are torsional angles around the CN3S2 thiazyl ring centroids. The binding in the four most stable cofacial dimers may be described by "double pancake bonding".
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Schwamm RJ, Anker MD, Lein M, Coles MP. Reduction vs. Addition: The Reaction of an Aluminyl Anion with 1,3,5,7-Cyclooctatetraene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:1489-1493. [PMID: 30548141 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The potassium aluminyl complex K[Al(NONAr )] (NON=NONAr =[O(SiMe2 NAr)2 ]2- , Ar=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) reacts with 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene (COT) to give K[Al(NONAr )(COT)]. The COT-ligand is present in the asymmetric unit as a planar μ2 -η2 :η8 -bridge between Al and K, with additional K⋅⋅⋅π-aryl interactions to neighboring molecules that generate a helical chain. DFT calculations indicate significant aromatic character, consistent with reduction to [COT]2- . Addition of 18-crown-6 causes a rearrangement of the C8 -carbocycle to form the isomeric 9-aluminabicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4,7-triene anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Schwamm
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Mathew D Anker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Matthias Lein
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Martyn P Coles
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
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Ishida S, Hirakawa F, Iwamoto T. A Series of Two-Coordinate Group-15 Element (P, As, Sb, Bi) Centered Radicals Having Bulky Alkyl Groups. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Fumiya Hirakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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Schwamm RJ, Anker MD, Lein M, Coles MP, Fitchett CM. Indyllithium and the Indyl Anion [InL]−
: Heavy Analogues of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Schwamm
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Mathew D. Anker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Matthias Lein
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Martyn P. Coles
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Christopher M. Fitchett
- Department of Chemistry; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8041 New Zealand
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Schwamm RJ, Anker MD, Lein M, Coles MP, Fitchett CM. Indyllithium and the Indyl Anion [InL]−
: Heavy Analogues of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5885-5887. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Schwamm
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Mathew D. Anker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Matthias Lein
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Martyn P. Coles
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Christopher M. Fitchett
- Department of Chemistry; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8041 New Zealand
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Schwamm RJ, Lein M, Coles MP, Fitchett CM. Catalytic oxidative coupling promoted by bismuth TEMPOxide complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:916-919. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08402a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bismuth(iii) TEMPOxide complexes are active catalysts for oxidative coupling reactions to generate TEMPO silylethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Schwamm
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Victoria University of Wellington
- Wellington 6012
- New Zealand
| | - M. Lein
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Victoria University of Wellington
- Wellington 6012
- New Zealand
| | - M. P. Coles
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Victoria University of Wellington
- Wellington 6012
- New Zealand
| | - C. M. Fitchett
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch 8041
- New Zealand
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