1
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Fan Q, Li Q, Sun H, Li X. Dinitrogen silylation catalyzed by silylene cobalt(I) and silylene iron(I) chlorides. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:16261-16270. [PMID: 39308194 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt02057j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
In this contribution, Co(PMe3)3Cl (1), bis(silylene) cobalt chlorides Co(LSi:)2(PMe3)2Cl (LSi: = {PhC(NtBu)2}SiCl (2); {p-CH3C6H4C(NtBu)2}SiCl (3); and {p-tBuC6H4C(NtBu)2}SiCl (4)) and bis(silylene) iron chlorides Fe(LSi:)2(PMe3)2Cl (LSi: = {PhC(NtBu)2}SiCl (5); {p-CH3C6H4C(NtBu)2}SiCl (6); {p-tBuC6H4C(NtBu)2}SiCl (7) and Fe(PMe3)2Cl2 (8)) were synthesized to study the effects of different metals and silylene ligands on the catalytic activity of complexes 1-8 in dinitrogen silylation reaction. The experimental results indicate that there is no substantial difference in catalytic activity between the phosphine cobalt complex 1 and the silylene cobalt chlorides 2-4 although the cobalt silylene complex 2 has slightly better catalytic activity than complexes 1, 3 and 4 in the dinitrogen silylation. Silylene iron complexes 5-7 are more active than the phosphine iron complex 8. Among the three silylene iron(I) chlorides 5-7, complex 5 is the most effective catalyst for dinitrogen silylation and 402 equiv. of N(SiMe3)3 could be obtained per Fe atom. In the dinitrogen silylation reaction catalyzed by iron complexes, the introduction of the silylene ligand made the silylene iron complexes 5-7 more active than the phosphine iron complex 8. In addition, iron chlorides 5-8 are more effective catalysts than cobalt(I) chlorides 1-4 for the dinitrogen silylation reaction. Complexes 3, 4, 6 and 7 were new complexes, and their molecular structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250100 Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingshuang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250100 Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongjian Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250100 Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250100 Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Zhou Y, Wang J, Peng X, Zhang W. Theoretical Investigations of Hydrolysis Mechanisms of N(SiMe 3) 3. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400242. [PMID: 38818637 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Tris(trimethylsilyl)amine (N(SiMe3)3) is one of the most important intermediate products in the indirect synthesis of ammonia (NH3) from nitrogen (N2), which could be hydrolyzed to NH3 under mild conditions. Herein, the hydrolysis mechanism of N(SiMe3)3 has been systematically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) with explicit combined implicit water models. Under neutral conditions, the active barrier of the hydrolysis of N(SiMe3)3 is 17.6 kcal mol-1 in water solvent. The attacking of proton to N center and OH group to the Si atom from water is decoupled for the stabilization of OH group by solvent water molecules, which lower the hydrolysis energy barriers. Furthermore, under acid conditions, N(SiMe3)3 is easily coordinated with proton to form [NH(SiMe3)3]+, and the energy barrier of the hydrolysis reaction could be reduced to 11.5 kcal mol-1 of the first stage, making it being promoted according to the chemical equilibrium. Thus, the results provide an explanation for the possible mechanism of the quantitative conversion of N(SiMe3)3 to NH3 under mild conditions. The decoupled hydrolysis mechanism may play important role in other hydrolysis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Research and Development Centre, China Tobacco Anhui Industrial Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaomeng Peng
- Research and Development Centre, China Tobacco Anhui Industrial Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
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3
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Escomel L, Martins FF, Vendier L, Coffinet A, Queyriaux N, Krewald V, Simonneau A. Coordination of Al(C 6F 5) 3 vs. B(C 6F 5) 3 on group 6 end-on dinitrogen complexes: chemical and structural divergences. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11321-11336. [PMID: 39055009 PMCID: PMC11268509 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02713b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The coordination of the Lewis superacid tris(pentafluorophenyl)alane (AlCF) to phosphine-supported, group 6 bis(dinitrogen) complexes [ML2(N2)2] is explored, with M = Cr, Mo or W and L = dppe (1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane), depe (1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane), dmpe (1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) or 2 × PMe2Ph. Akin to tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF), AlCF can form 1 : 1 adducts by coordination to one distal nitrogen of general formula trans-[ML2(N2){(μ-η1:η1-N2)Al(C6F5)3}]. The boron and aluminium adducts are structurally similar, showing a comparable level of N2 push-pull activation. A notable exception is a bent (BCF adducts) vs. linear (AlCF adducts) M-N-N-LA motif (LA = Lewis acid), explained computationally as the result of steric repulsion. A striking difference arose when the formation of two-fold adducts was conducted. While in the case of BCF the 2 : 1 Lewis pairs could be observed in equilibrium with the 1 : 1 adduct and free borane but resisted isolation, AlCF forms robust 2 : 1 adducts trans-[ML2{(μ-η1:η1-N2)Al(C6F5)3}2] that isomerise into a more stable cis configuration. These compounds could be isolated and structurally characterized, and represent the first examples of trinuclear heterometallic complexes formed by Lewis acid-base interaction exhibiting p and d elements. Calculations also demonstrate that from the bare complex to the two-fold aluminium adduct, substantial decrease of the HOMO-LUMO gap is observed, and, unlike the trans adducts (1 : 1 and 1 : 2) for which the HOMO was computed to be a pure d orbital, the one of the cis-trinuclear compounds mixes a d orbital with a π* one of each N2 ligands. This may translate into a more favourable electrophilic attack on the N2 ligands instead of the metal centre, while a stabilized N2-centered LUMO should ease electron transfer, suggesting Lewis acids could be co-activators for electro-catalysed N2 reduction. Experimental UV-vis spectra for the tungsten family of compounds were compared with TD-DFT calculations (CAM-B3LYP/def2-TZVP), allowing to assign the low extinction bands found in the visible spectrum to unusual low-lying MLCT involving N2-centered orbitals. As significant red-shifts are observed upon LA coordination, this could have important implications for the development of visible light-driven nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léon Escomel
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UPS 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Frederico F Martins
- Department of Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry, TU Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 6 4287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Laure Vendier
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UPS 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Anaïs Coffinet
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UPS 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Nicolas Queyriaux
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UPS 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Vera Krewald
- Department of Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry, TU Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 6 4287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Antoine Simonneau
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UPS 205 Route de Narbonne, BP44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
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Duletski OL, Platz D, Pollock CJ, Mosquera MA, Arulsamy N, Mock MT. Dinitrogen activation at chromium by photochemically induced Cr II-C bond homolysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7029-7032. [PMID: 38894651 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02387k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of the organochromium(II) complexes [POCOPtBu]Cr(R) (R = p-Tol, Bn) is reported. Exposure of [POCOPtBu]Cr(Bn) to visible light promoted homolytic Cr-CBn bond cleavage and formed {[POCOPtBu]Cr}2(η1:η1μ-N2) via a putative [POCOPtBu]Cr(I) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L Duletski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Duncan Platz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Charlie J Pollock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Martín A Mosquera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | | | - Michael T Mock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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Beasley CH, Duletski OL, Stankevich KS, Arulsamy N, Mock MT. Catalytic dinitrogen reduction to hydrazine and ammonia using Cr(N 2) 2(diphosphine) 2 complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6496-6500. [PMID: 38563332 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00702f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization of trans-[Cr(N2)2(depe)2] (1) is described. 1 and trans-[Cr(N2)2(dmpe)2] (2) catalyze the reduction of N2 to N2H4 and NH3 in THF using SmI2 and H2O or ethylene glycol as proton sources. 2 produces the highest total fixed N for a molecular Cr catalyst to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Beasley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Olivia L Duletski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Ksenia S Stankevich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | | | - Michael T Mock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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Caballo J, Calvo-Molina A, Claramonte S, Greño M, Pérez-Redondo A, Yélamos C. Studies on the chemical reduction of polynuclear titanium(IV) nitrido complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4844-4855. [PMID: 38373035 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04241c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The redox chemistry of cube-type titanium(IV) nitrido complexes [{Ti4(η5-C5Me5)3(R)}(μ3-N)4] (R = η5-C5Me5 (1), N(SiMe3)2 (2), η5-C5H4SiMe3 (3), and η5-C5H5 (4)) was investigated by electrochemical methods and chemical reactions. Cyclic voltammetry studies indicate that 1-4 undergo a reversible one-electron reduction at ca. -1.8 V vs. ferrocenium/ferrocene. Thus, complex 1 reacts with sodium sand in tetrahydrofuran to produce the highly reactive ionic compound [Na(thf)6][{Ti(η5-C5Me5)}4(μ3-N)4] (5). The treatment of complexes 1-4 in toluene with one equivalent of [K(C5Me5)] in the presence of macrocycles (L) leads to C10Me10 and the formation of more stable derivatives [K(L)][{Ti4(η5-C5Me5)3(R)}(μ3-N)4] (R = η5-C5Me5, L = 18-crown-6 (6), crypt-222 (7); R = N(SiMe3)2, L = 18-crown-6 (8), crypt-222 (9); R = η5-C5H4SiMe3, L = 18-crown-6 (10), crypt-222 (11); R = η5-C5H5, L = crypt-222 (12)). However, the analogous reaction of 4 with [K(C5Me5)] and 18-crown-6 affords [{(18-crown-6)K}2(μ-η5:η5-C5H5)][{Ti4(η5-C5Me5)3(η5-C5H5)}(μ3-N)4] (13) via abstraction of one cyclopentadienide group from a putative intermediate [(18-crown-6)K(μ-η5:η5-C5H5)Ti4(η5-C5Me5)3(μ3-N)4]. In contrast to the cube-type nitrido systems 1-4, the cyclic voltammogram of the trinuclear imido-nitrido titanium(IV) complex [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)(μ-NH)}3(μ3-N)] (14) does not reveal any reversible redox event and 14 readily reacts with [K(C5Me5)] to afford C5Me5H and the diamagnetic derivative [{K(μ4-N)(μ3-NH)2Ti3(η5-C5Me5)3(μ3-N)}2] (15). The treatment of 15 with two equiv. of 18-crown-6 polyethers produces the molecular species [(L)K{(μ3-N)(μ3-NH)2Ti3(η5-C5Me5)3(μ3-N)}] (L = 18-crown-6 (16), dibenzo-18-crown-6 (17)). Complex 17 further reacts with one equiv. of dibenzo-18-crown-6 to yield the ion-separated compound [K(dibenzo-18-crown-6)2][Ti3(η5-C5Me5)3(μ3-N)(μ-N)(μ-NH)2] (18) similar to the ion pair [K(crypt-222)][Ti3(η5-C5Me5)3(μ3-N)(μ-N)(μ-NH)2] (19) obtained in the treatment of 15 with cryptand-222.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Caballo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián Calvo-Molina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio Claramonte
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maider Greño
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián Pérez-Redondo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Yélamos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain.
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Wang GX, Yin ZB, Wei J, Xi Z. Dinitrogen Activation and Functionalization Affording Chromium Diazenido and Hydrazido Complexes. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3211-3222. [PMID: 37937752 PMCID: PMC10666292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusThe activation and functionalization of N2 to form nitrogen-element bonds have long posed challenges to industrial, biological, and synthetic chemists. The first transition-metal dinitrogen complex prepared by Allen and Senoff in 1965 provoked researchers to explore homogeneous N2 fixation. Despite intensive research in the last six decades, efficient and quantitative conversion of N2 to diazenido and hydrazido species remains problematic. Relative to a plethora of reactions to generate N2 complexes, their functionalization reactions are rather rare, and the yields are often unsatisfactory, emphasizing the need for systematic investigations of the reaction mechanisms.In this Account, we summarize our recent work on the synthesis, spectroscopic features, electronic structures, and reactivities of several Cr-N2 complexes. Initially, a series of dinuclear and trinuclear Cr(I)-N2 complexes bearing cyclopentadienyl-phosphine ligands were accessed. However, they cannot achieve N2 functionalization but undergo oxidative addition reactions with phenylsilane, azobenzene, and other unsaturated organic compounds at the low-valent Cr(I) centers rather than at the N2 unit. Further reduction of these Cr(I) complexes leads to the formation of more activated mononuclear Cr(0) bis-dinitrogen complexes. Remarkably, silylation of the cyclopentadienyl-phosphine Cr(0)-N2 complex with Me3SiCl afforded the first Cr hydrazido complex. This process follows the distal pathway to functionalize the Nβ atom twice, yielding an end-on η1-hydrazido complex, Cr(III)═N-N(SiMe3)2. In contrast, upon substitution of the phosphine ligand in the Cr(0)-N2 complex with a N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand, the corresponding reaction with Me3SiCl proceeds via the alternating pathway; the silylation occurs at both Nα and Nβ atoms and generates a side-on η2-hydrazido complex, Cr(III)(η2-Me3SiN-NSiMe3). Both silylation reactions are inevitably accompanied by the formation of Cr(III) hydrazido complexes and Cr(II) chlorides with a 2:1 ratio. These processes exhibit a peculiar '3-4-2-1' stoichiometry (i.e., treating 3 equiv of Cr(0)-N2 complexes with 4 equiv of Me3SiCl yields 2 equiv of Cr(III) disilyl-hydrazido complexes and 1 equiv of Cr(II) chloride). Upon replacing the monodentate phosphine and/or NHC ligand with a bisphosphine ligand, a monodinitrogen Cr(0) complex, instead of the bis-dinitrogen Cr(0) complexes, is obtained; consequently, the silylation reactions progress via the normal two-electron route, which passes through Cr(II)-N═N-R diazenido species as an intermediate and furnishes [Cr(IV)═N-NR2]+ hydrazido as the final products. More importantly, this type of Cr(0)-N2 complex can be not only silylated but also protonated and alkylated proficiently. All of the second-order reaction rates of the first and second transformations are determined along with the lifetimes of the intervening diazenido species. Based on these findings, we have successfully carried out nearly quantitative preparations of the Cr(IV) hydrazido species with unmixed or hybrid substituents.The studies of Cr-N2 systems provide effective approaches for the activation and functionalization of N2, deepening the understanding of N2 electrophilic attack. We hope that this Account will inspire more discoveries related to the transformation of gaseous N2 to high-value-added nitrogen-containing organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Xiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhu-Bao Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Soni V, Patial S, Kumar A, Singh P, Thakur VK, Ahamad T, Van Le Q, Luque R, Raizada P, Nguyen VH. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) core@shell nanohybrids: Novel nanomaterial support towards environmental sustainability applications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 232:116353. [PMID: 37295591 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) based on core@shell nanohybrids have recently received significant attention and have become one of the most promising strategies for improving the stability and catalytic activity of COFs. Compared with traditional core@shell, COF-based core@shell hybrids own remarkable advantages, including size-selective reactions, bifunctional catalysis, and integration of multiple functions. These properties could enhance the stability and recyclability, resistance to sintering, and maximize the electronic interaction between the core and the shell. The activity and selectivity of COF-based core@shell could be simultaneously improved by taking benefit of the existing synergy between the functional encapsulating shell and the covered core material. Considering that, we have highlighted various topological diagrams and the role of COFs in COF-based core@shell hybrid for activity and selectivity enhancement. This concept article provides all-inclusive advances in the design and catalytic applications of COF-based core@shell hybrids. Various synthetic techniques have been developed for the facile tailoring of functional core@shell hybrids, including novel seed growth, in-situ, layer-by-layer, and one-pot method. Importantly, charge dynamics and structure-performance relationships are investigated through different characterization techniques. Different COF-based core@shell hybrids with established synergistic interactions have been detailed, and their influence on stability and catalytic efficiency for various applications is explained and discussed in this contribution. A comprehensive discussion on the remaining challenges associated with COF-based core@shell nanoparticles and research directions has also been provided to deliver insightful ideas for additional future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatika Soni
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP, 173229, India
| | - Shilpa Patial
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP, 173229, India
| | - Abhinandan Kumar
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP, 173229, India
| | - Pardeep Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP, 173229, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Rafael Luque
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation; Universidad ECOTEC, Km. 13.5 Samborondón, Samborondón, EC092302, Ecuador
| | - Pankaj Raizada
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP, 173229, India.
| | - Van-Huy Nguyen
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Kokubo Y, Tsuzuki K, Sugiura H, Yomura S, Wasada-Tsutsui Y, Ozawa T, Yanagisawa S, Kubo M, Takeyama T, Yamaguchi T, Shimazaki Y, Kugimiya S, Masuda H, Kajita Y. Syntheses, Characterizations, Crystal Structures, and Protonation Reactions of Dinitrogen Chromium Complexes Supported with Triamidoamine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5320-5333. [PMID: 36972224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel dinitrogen-dichromium complex, [{Cr(LBn)}2(μ-N2)] (1), has been prepared from reaction of CrCl3 with a lithiated triamidoamine ligand (Li3LBn) under dinitrogen. The X-ray crystal structure analysis of 1 revealed that it is composed of two independent dimeric Cr complexes bridged by N2 in the unit cell. The bridged N-N bond lengths (1.188(4) and 1.185(7) Å) were longer than the free dinitrogen molecule. The elongations of N-N bonds in 1 were also supported by the fact that the ν(N-N) stretching vibration at 1772 cm-1 observed in toluene is smaller than the free N2. Complex 1 was identified to be a 5-coordinated high spin Cr(IV) complex by Cr K-edge XANES measurement. The 1H NMR spectrum and temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility of 1 indicated that complex 1 is in the S = 1 ground state, in which two Cr(IV) ions and unpaired electron spins of the bridging N22- ligand are strongly antiferromagnetically coupled. Reaction of complex 1 with 2.3 equiv of Na or K gave chromium complexes with N2 between the Cr ion and the respective alkali metal ion, [{CrNa(LBn)(N2)(Et2O)}2] (2) and [{CrK(LBn)(N2)}4(Et2O)2] (3), respectively. Furthermore, the complexes 2 and 3 reacted with 15-crown-5 and 18-crown-6 to form the respective crown-ether adducts, [CrNa(LBn)(N2)(15-crown-5)] (4) and [CrK(LBn)(N2)(18-crown-6)] (5). The XANES measurements of complexes 2, 3, 4, and 5 revealed that they are high spin Cr(IV) complexes like complex 1. All complexes reacted with a reducing agent and a proton source to form NH3 and/or N2H4. The yields of these products in the presence of K+ were higher than those in the presence of Na+. The electronic structures and binding properties of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were evaluated and discussed based on their DFT calculations.
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Bhutto SM, Hooper RX, Mercado BQ, Holland PL. Mechanism of Nitrogen-Carbon Bond Formation from Iron(IV) Disilylhydrazido Intermediates during N 2 Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4626-4637. [PMID: 36794981 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported a reaction sequence that activates C-H bonds in simple arenes as well as the N-N triple bond in N2, delivering the aryl group to N2 to form a new N-C bond (Nature 2020, 584, 221). This enables the transformation of abundant feedstocks (arenes and N2) into N-containing organic compounds. The key N-C bond forming step occurs upon partial silylation of N2. However, the pathway through which reduction, silylation, and migration occurred was unknown. Here, we describe synthetic, structural, magnetic, spectroscopic, kinetic, and computational studies that elucidate the steps of this transformation. N2 must be silylated twice at the distal N atom before aryl migration can occur, and sequential silyl radical and silyl cation addition is a kinetically competent pathway to a formally iron(IV)-NN(SiMe3)2 intermediate that can be isolated at low temperature. Kinetic studies show its first-order conversion to the migrated product, and DFT calculations indicate a concerted transition state for migration. The electronic structure of the formally iron(IV) intermediate is examined using DFT and CASSCF calculations, which reveal contributions from iron(II) and iron(III) resonance forms with oxidized NNSi2 ligands. The depletion of electron density from the Fe-coordinated N atom makes it electrophilic enough to accept the incoming aryl group. This new pathway for the N-C bond formation offers a method for functionalizing N2 using organometallic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Bhutto
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Reagan X Hooper
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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11
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Patial S, Soni V, Kumar A, Raizada P, Ahamad T, Pham XM, Le QV, Nguyen VH, Thakur S, Singh P. Rational design, structure properties, and synthesis strategies of dual-pore covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for potent applications: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:114982. [PMID: 36495966 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dual-pore covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer a molecular scaffold for introducing building blocks into periodically organized polygonal skeletons to produce fascinating structural features. The rapid development of this material has attracted intensive interest from researchers with diverse expertise. This review selects the leading scientific findings about dual-pore COFs and highlights their functions and perspectives on design, structure properties, and synthesis strategies. Dual-pore COFs, as newly hetero-pore COFs by integrating particular pores into one polygonal skeleton, have been compared to conventional COFs. Dual-pore COFs display hierarchical/heterogeneous porosities and homogeneous porosity, which endow them with exceptional features involving mass diffusion, charge transfer, and large surface area with abundant active sites. Additionally, the strategic dual-pore design by opting for different approaches, such as integration of [D2h + C2] symmetries, kagome-type lattices, and other symmetric arrangements of monomers, are inclusively discussed. Identification and construction of dual-pores in COFs via optimal synthetic methods, such as desymmetrization, multiple linking sites, and orthogonal reactions, are highlighted as the primary pore engineering routes to simultaneously regulate the growth and alter the characteristics of COFs for promising applications. Lastly, a focused discussion on various challenges and critical fundamentals of dual-pore engineering is successfully outlined, with potential prospects of introducing dual-pore in COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Patial
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
| | - Vatika Soni
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
| | - Abhinandan Kumar
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
| | - Pankaj Raizada
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India.
| | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuan Minh Pham
- Faculty of Natural Sciences Teacher Education, Dong Thap University, 783, Pham Huu Lau Street, Ward 6, Cao Lanh City, Dong Thap, Viet Nam
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Van-Huy Nguyen
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sourbh Thakur
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Pardeep Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India.
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12
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Xin X, Douair I, Zhao Y, Wang S, Maron L, Zhu C. Dinitrogen cleavage and hydrogenation to ammonia with a uranium complex. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwac144. [PMID: 36950222 PMCID: PMC10026940 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Haber-Bosch process produces ammonia (NH3) from dinitrogen (N2) and dihydrogen (H2), but requires high temperature and pressure. Before iron-based catalysts were exploited in the current industrial Haber-Bosch process, uranium-based materials served as effective catalysts for production of NH3 from N2. Although some molecular uranium complexes are known to be capable of combining with N2, further hydrogenation with H2 forming NH3 has not been reported to date. Here, we describe the first example of N2 cleavage and hydrogenation with H2 to NH3 with a molecular uranium complex. The N2 cleavage product contains three uranium centers that are bridged by three imido μ 2-NH ligands and one nitrido μ 3-N ligand. Labeling experiments with 15N demonstrate that the nitrido ligand in the product originates from N2. Reaction of the N2-cleaved complex with H2 or H+ forms NH3 under mild conditions. A synthetic cycle has been established by the reaction of the N2-cleaved complex with trimethylsilyl chloride. The isolation of this trinuclear imido-nitrido product implies that a multi-metallic uranium assembly plays an important role in the activation of N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Iskander Douair
- LPCNO, CNRS and INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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13
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Merakeb L, Bennaamane S, De Freitas J, Clot E, Mézailles N, Robert M. Molecular Electrochemical Reductive Splitting of Dinitrogen with a Molybdenum Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209899. [PMID: 35941077 PMCID: PMC9804441 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen reduction under mild conditions (room T and atmospheric P), using a non-fossil source of hydrogen remains a challenge. Molecular metal complexes, notably Mo based, have recently been shown to be active for such nitrogen fixation. We report electrochemical N2 splitting with a MoIII triphosphino complex [(PPP)MoI3 ], at room temperature and a moderately negative potential. A MoIV nitride species was generated, which is confirmed by electrochemistry and NMR studies. The reaction goes through two successive one electron reductions of the starting Mo species, coordination of a N2 molecule, and further splitting to a MoIV nitride complex. Preliminary DFT studies support the formation of a bridging MoI N2 MoI dinitrogen dimer evolving to the Mo nitride via a low energy transition state. This example joins a short list of molecular complexes for N2 electrochemical reductive cleavage. It opens a door to electrochemical proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) conversion studies of N2 to NH3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Merakeb
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire—UMR 7591Université Paris Cité15, rue Jean Antoine de Baïf75013ParisFrance
| | - Soukaina Bennaamane
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée—UMR 5069Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier118, route de Narbonne, Bât 2R131062ToulouseFrance
| | - Jérémy De Freitas
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire—UMR 7591Université Paris Cité15, rue Jean Antoine de Baïf75013ParisFrance
| | - Eric Clot
- ICGMUniv MontpellierCNRSENSCM34000MontpellierFrance
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée—UMR 5069Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier118, route de Narbonne, Bât 2R131062ToulouseFrance
| | - Marc Robert
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire—UMR 7591Université Paris Cité15, rue Jean Antoine de Baïf75013ParisFrance
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)75005ParisFrance
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14
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Merakeb L, Bennaamane S, De Freitas J, Clot E, Mézailles N, Robert M. Molecular Electrochemical Reductive Splitting of Dinitrogen with a Molybdenum Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric Clot
- Université Montpellier 1: Universite de Montpellier Chemistry FRANCE
| | | | - Marc Robert
- Universite Paris Cité - Laboraoire Electrochimie Moleculaire - UMR CNRS 7591 Chemistry Department 15 rue Jean de Baif 75013 Paris FRANCE
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15
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Meng F, Kuriyama S, Egi A, Tanaka H, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Preparation and Reactivity of Rhenium–Nitride Complexes Bearing PNP-Type Pincer Ligands toward Nitrogen Fixation. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanqiang Meng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shogo Kuriyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Akihito Egi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Daido University, Nagoya 457-8530, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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16
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Haufe LC, Arrowsmith M, Dietz M, Gärtner A, Bertermann R, Braunschweig H. Spontaneous N 2-diboranylation of [W(N 2) 2(dppe) 2] with B 2Br 4(SMe 2) 2. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12786-12790. [PMID: 35861163 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02135h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The 1,3-bromoboration of [W(N2)2(dppe)2] (dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) with B2Br4(SMe2)2 in the presence of various Lewis bases L yields diboranyldiazenido complexes, with L coordinating either at the terminal or internal boron atom. The 2 : 1 reaction of [W(N2)2(dppe)2] and B2Br4(SMe2)2 yields a 1,2-bis(diazenido)diborane-bridged ditungsten complex with a fully planar π-conjugated BrWN2B2Br2N2WBr core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Haufe
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Annalena Gärtner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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17
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Wiedner ES, Appel AM, Raugei S, Shaw WJ, Bullock RM. Molecular Catalysts with Diphosphine Ligands Containing Pendant Amines. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12427-12474. [PMID: 35640056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pendant amines play an invaluable role in chemical reactivity, especially for molecular catalysts based on earth-abundant metals. As inspired by [FeFe]-hydrogenases, which contain a pendant amine positioned for cooperative bifunctionality, synthetic catalysts have been developed to emulate this multifunctionality through incorporation of a pendant amine in the second coordination sphere. Cyclic diphosphine ligands containing two amines serve as the basis for a class of catalysts that have been extensively studied and used to demonstrate the impact of a pendant base. These 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes, now often referred to as "P2N2" ligands, have profound effects on the reactivity of many catalysts. The resulting [Ni(PR2NR'2)2]2+ complexes are electrocatalysts for both the oxidation and production of H2. Achieving the optimal benefit of the pendant amine requires that it has suitable basicity and is properly positioned relative to the metal center. In addition to the catalytic efficacy demonstrated with [Ni(PR2NR'2)2]2+ complexes for the oxidation and production of H2, catalysts with diphosphine ligands containing pendant amines have also been demonstrated for several metals for many different reactions, both in solution and immobilized on surfaces. The impact of pendant amines in catalyst design continues to expand.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian R. James
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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19
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Ashida Y, Egi A, Arashiba K, Tanaka H, Mitsumoto T, Kuriyama S, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen into Ammonia and Hydrazine by Using Chromium Complexes Bearing PCP-Type Pincer Ligands. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200557. [PMID: 35199891 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of chromium-halide, -nitride, and -dinitrogen complexes bearing carbene- and phosphine-based PCP-type pincer ligands has been newly prepared, and some of them are found to work as effective catalysts to reduce dinitrogen under atmospheric pressure, whereby up to 11.60 equiv. of ammonia and 2.52 equiv. of hydrazine (16.6 equiv. of fixed N atom) are produced based on the chromium atom. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first successful example of chromium-catalyzed conversion of dinitrogen to ammonia and hydrazine under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ashida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Akihito Egi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Arashiba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Daido University, Minami-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taichi Mitsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shogo Kuriyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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20
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Balueva AS, Musina EI, Baimukhametov FZ, Nikonov GN, Gubaidullin AT, Litvinov IA, Karasik AA. Synthesis and Crystal and Molecular Structures of 1,3-Di-p-tolyl-5-(5'-allyl 2'-ethoxybenzyl)-1,3,5-diazaphosphacyclohexane Complexes with Ni(II) and Pt(II) Salts. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328422030010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Kuriyama S, Wei S, Kato T, Nishibayashi Y. Synthesis and Reactivity of Manganese Complexes Bearing Anionic PNP- and PCP-Type Pincer Ligands toward Nitrogen Fixation. Molecules 2022; 27:2373. [PMID: 35408764 PMCID: PMC9000597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of manganese complexes bearing an anionic pyrrole-based PNP-type pincer ligand and an anionic benzene-based PCP-type pincer ligand is synthesized and characterized. The reactivity of these complexes toward ammonia formation and silylamine formation from dinitrogen under mild conditions is evaluated to produce only stoichiometric amounts of ammonia and silylamine, probably because the manganese pincer complexes are unstable under reducing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (S.K.); (S.W.); (T.K.)
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22
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Kuriyama S, Wei S, Tanaka H, Konomi A, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Synthesis and Reactivity of Cobalt-Dinitrogen Complexes Bearing Anionic PCP-Type Pincer Ligands toward Catalytic Silylamine Formation from Dinitrogen. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5190-5195. [PMID: 35313105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of cobalt(I)-dinitrogen complexes bearing anionic 4-substituted benzene-based PCP-type pincer ligands are synthesized and characterized. These complexes work as highly efficient catalysts for the formation of silylamine from dinitrogen under ambient reaction conditions to produce up to 371 equiv of silylamine based on the cobalt atom of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Kuriyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shenglan Wei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Daido University, Minami-ku, Nagoya 457-8530, Japan
| | - Asuka Konomi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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23
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Zhang G, Liu T, Song J, Quan Y, Jin L, Si M, Liao Q. N 2 Cleavage on d 4/d 4 Molybdenum Centers and Its Further Conversion into Iminophosphorane under Mild Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2444-2449. [PMID: 35014788 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of N-containing organophosphine compounds using N2 as the nitrogen source under mild conditions has attracted much attention. Herein, the conversion of N2 into iminophosphorane was reported. By visible light irradiation, N2 was split on a MoII complex bearing a PNCNP ligand, directly forming the MoV nitride. After the N-P bond formation on the terminal nitride, the N atom from N2 was ultimately transferred into iminophosphorane. Key intermediates were characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tanggao Liu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinyi Song
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingyu Quan
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Li Jin
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengyue Si
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Liao
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, Liaoning, China
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24
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Bae DY, Lee G, Lee E. Fixation of Dinitrogen at an Asymmetric Binuclear Titanium Complex. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12813-12822. [PMID: 34492761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A new type of dititanium dinitrogen complex supported by a triphenolamine (TPA) ligand is reported. Analysis by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman and NMR spectroscopy reveals different coordination geometries for the two titanium centers. Hence, coordination of TPA and a nitrogen ligand results in trigonal-bipyramidal geometry, while an octahedral titanium center is obtained upon additional coordination of an ethoxide generated upon C-O bond cleavage in a diethyl ether solvent molecule. The titanium complex successfully generates ammonia in the presence of an excess amount of PCy3HI and KC8 in 154% yield (per titanium atom). A titanium complex with a bulkier TPA does not form a dinitrogen complex, and mononuclear titanium dinitrogen complexes were not accessible, presumably because of the high tendency of early transition metals to form binuclear dinitrogen complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunhee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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25
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Meng F, Kuriyama S, Tanaka H, Egi A, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Ammonia Formation Catalyzed by a Dinitrogen‐Bridged Dirhenium Complex Bearing PNP‐Pincer Ligands under Mild Reaction Conditions**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanqiang Meng
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Shogo Kuriyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Daido University Minami-ku Nagoya 457-8530 Japan
| | - Akihito Egi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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26
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Meng F, Kuriyama S, Tanaka H, Egi A, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Ammonia Formation Catalyzed by a Dinitrogen-Bridged Dirhenium Complex Bearing PNP-Pincer Ligands under Mild Reaction Conditions*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13906-13912. [PMID: 33835664 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of rhenium complexes bearing a pyridine-based PNP-type pincer ligand are synthesized from rhenium phosphine complexes as precursors. A dinitrogen-bridged dirhenium complex bearing the PNP-type pincer ligands catalytically converts dinitrogen into ammonia during the reaction with KC8 as a reductant and [HPCy3 ]BArF 4 (Cy=cyclohexyl, ArF =3,5-(CF3 )2 C6 H3 ) as a proton source at -78 °C to afford 8.4 equiv of ammonia based on the rhenium atom of the catalyst. The rhenium-dinitrogen complex also catalyzes silylation of dinitrogen in the reaction with KC8 as a reductant and Me3 SiCl as a silylating reagent under ambient reaction conditions to afford 11.7 equiv of tris(trimethylsilyl)amine based on the rhenium atom of the catalyst. These results demonstrate the first successful example of catalytic nitrogen fixation under mild reaction conditions using rhenium-dinitrogen complexes as catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanqiang Meng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shogo Kuriyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Daido University, Minami-ku, Nagoya, 457-8530, Japan
| | - Akihito Egi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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27
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Song J, Liao Q, Hong X, Jin L, Mézailles N. Conversion of Dinitrogen into Nitrile: Cross-Metathesis of N 2 -Derived Molybdenum Nitride with Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12242-12247. [PMID: 33608987 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The direct synthesis of nitrile from N2 under mild conditions is of great importance and has attracted much interest. Herein, we report a direct conversion of N2 into nitrile via a nitrile-alkyne cross-metathesis (NACM) process involving a N2 -derived Mo nitride. Treatment of the Mo nitride with alkyne in the presence of KOTf afforded an alkyne-coordinated nitride, which was then transformed into MoV carbyne and the corresponding nitrile upon 1 e- oxidation. Both aryl- and alkyl-substituted alkynes underwent this process smoothly. Experiments and DFT calculations have proved that the oxidation state of the Mo center plays a crucial role. This method does not rely on the nucleophilicity of the N2 -derived metal nitride, offering a novel strategy for N2 fixation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Song
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Rd., 116024, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Liao
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Rd., 116024, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Rd., 116024, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Li Jin
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Rd., 116024, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
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28
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Forrest SJK, Schluschaß B, Yuzik-Klimova EY, Schneider S. Nitrogen Fixation via Splitting into Nitrido Complexes. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6522-6587. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J. K. Forrest
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bastian Schluschaß
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Sven Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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29
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Tanabe Y, Nishibayashi Y. Comprehensive insights into synthetic nitrogen fixation assisted by molecular catalysts under ambient or mild conditions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5201-5242. [PMID: 33651046 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01341b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
N2 is fixed as NH3 industrially by the Haber-Bosch process under harsh conditions, whereas biological nitrogen fixation is achieved under ambient conditions, which has prompted development of alternative methods to fix N2 catalyzed by transition metal molecular complexes. Since the early 21st century, catalytic conversion of N2 into NH3 under ambient conditions has been achieved by using molecular catalysts, and now H2O has been utilized as a proton source with turnover frequencies reaching the values found for biological nitrogen fixation. In this review, recent advances in the development of molecular catalysts for synthetic N2 fixation under ambient or mild conditions are summarized, and potential directions for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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30
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Orton GRF, Pilgrim BS, Champness NR. The chemistry of phosphines in constrained, well-defined microenvironments. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4411-4431. [PMID: 33606857 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01556c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Developments in the confinement of phosphines within micro- or nano-environments are explored. Phosphines are ubiquitous across metal coordination chemistry and underpin some of the most famous homogeneous transition metal catalysts. Constraining phosphines within confined environments influences not only their behaviour but also that of their metal complexes. Notable examples include the use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) or metal-organic cages (MOCs) to support phosphines which demonstrate how the microenvironment within such constructs leads to reactivity modification. The development of phosphine confinement is explored and parallels are drawn with related constrained macrocyclic systems and mechanically interlocked molecules. The review concludes by identifying areas that remain a challenge and those that will provide new avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia R F Orton
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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31
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Song J, Liao Q, Hong X, Jin L, Mézailles N. Conversion of Dinitrogen into Nitrile: Cross‐Metathesis of N
2
‐Derived Molybdenum Nitride with Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Song
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology No. 2 Linggong Rd. 116024 Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Qian Liao
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology No. 2 Linggong Rd. 116024 Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Xin Hong
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology No. 2 Linggong Rd. 116024 Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Li Jin
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology No. 2 Linggong Rd. 116024 Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée Université Paul Sabatier CNRS 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
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32
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Kuriyama S, Nishibayashi Y. Development of catalytic nitrogen fixation using transition metal complexes not relevant to nitrogenases. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.131986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Masero F, Perrin MA, Dey S, Mougel V. Dinitrogen Fixation: Rationalizing Strategies Utilizing Molecular Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:3892-3928. [PMID: 32914919 PMCID: PMC7986120 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dinitrogen (N2 ) is the most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere, but its inertness hinders its use as a nitrogen source in the biosphere and in industry. Efficient catalysts are hence required to ov. ercome the high kinetic barriers associated to N2 transformation. In that respect, molecular complexes have demonstrated strong potential to mediate N2 functionalization reactions under mild conditions while providing a straightforward understanding of the reaction mechanisms. This Review emphasizes the strategies for N2 reduction and functionalization using molecular transition metal and actinide complexes according to their proposed reaction mechanisms, distinguishing complexes inducing cleavage of the N≡N bond before (dissociative mechanism) or concomitantly with functionalization (associative mechanism). We present here the main examples of stoichiometric and catalytic N2 functionalization reactions following these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Masero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesLaboratory of Inorganic ChemistryETH ZürichVladimir Prelog Weg 1–58093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Marie A. Perrin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesLaboratory of Inorganic ChemistryETH ZürichVladimir Prelog Weg 1–58093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Subal Dey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesLaboratory of Inorganic ChemistryETH ZürichVladimir Prelog Weg 1–58093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Victor Mougel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesLaboratory of Inorganic ChemistryETH ZürichVladimir Prelog Weg 1–58093ZürichSwitzerland
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34
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Rempel A, Mellerup SK, Fantuzzi F, Herzog A, Deißenberger A, Bertermann R, Engels B, Braunschweig H. Functionalization of N 2 via Formal 1,3-Haloboration of a Tungsten(0) σ-Dinitrogen Complex. Chemistry 2020; 26:16019-16027. [PMID: 32957161 PMCID: PMC7756771 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Boron tribromide and aryldihaloboranes were found to undergo 1,3-haloboration across one W-N≡N moiety of a group 6 end-on dinitrogen complex (i.e. trans-[W(N2 )2 (dppe)2 ]). The N-borylated products consist of a reduced diazenido unit sandwiched between a WII center and a trivalent boron substituent (W-N=N-BXAr), and have all been fully characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both the terminal N atom and boron center in the W-N=N-BXAr unit can be further derivatized using electrophiles and nucleophiles/Lewis bases, respectively. This mild reduction and functionalization of a weakly activated N2 ligand with boron halides is unprecedented, and hints at the possibility of generating value-added nitrogen compounds directly from molecular dinitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rempel
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Soren K. Mellerup
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Str. 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Anselm Herzog
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Andrea Deißenberger
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Str. 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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35
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Saha P, Amanullah S, Dey A. Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrogen to Hydrazine Using a Trinuclear Nickel Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17312-17317. [PMID: 33006899 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Activation and reduction of N2 have been a major challenge to chemists and the focus since now has mostly been on the synthesis of NH3. Alternatively, reduction of N2 to hydrazine is desirable because hydrazine is an excellent energy vector that can release the stored energy very conveniently without the need for catalysts. To date, only one molecular catalyst has been reported to be able to reduce N2 to hydrazine chemically. A trinuclear T-shaped nickel thiolate molecular complex has been designed to activate dinitrogen. The electrochemically generated all Ni(I) state of this molecule can reduce N2 in the presence of PhOH as a proton donor. Hydrazine is detected as the only nitrogen-containing product of the reaction, along with gaseous H2. The complex reported here is selective for the 4e-/4H+ reduction of nitrogen to hydrazine with a minor overpotential of ∼300 mV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Saha
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sk Amanullah
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
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36
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Kawakami R, Kuriyama S, Tanaka H, Konomi A, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Iridium-catalyzed Formation of Silylamine from Dinitrogen under Ambient Reaction Conditions. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kawakami
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shogo Kuriyama
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- School of Liberal Arts and Science, Daido University, Minami-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 457-8530, Japan
| | - Asuka Konomi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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37
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Kim S, Loose F, Chirik PJ. Beyond Ammonia: Nitrogen–Element Bond Forming Reactions with Coordinated Dinitrogen. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5637-5681. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Florian Loose
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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38
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Arnold PL, Ochiai T, Lam FYT, Kelly RP, Seymour ML, Maron L. Metallacyclic actinide catalysts for dinitrogen conversion to ammonia and secondary amines. Nat Chem 2020; 12:654-659. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chalkley MJ, Drover MW, Peters JC. Catalytic N 2-to-NH 3 (or -N 2H 4) Conversion by Well-Defined Molecular Coordination Complexes. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5582-5636. [PMID: 32352271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation, the six-electron/six-proton reduction of N2, to give NH3, is one of the most challenging and important chemical transformations. Notwithstanding the barriers associated with this reaction, significant progress has been made in developing molecular complexes that reduce N2 into its bioavailable form, NH3. This progress is driven by the dual aims of better understanding biological nitrogenases and improving upon industrial nitrogen fixation. In this review, we highlight both mechanistic understanding of nitrogen fixation that has been developed, as well as advances in yields, efficiencies, and rates that make molecular alternatives to nitrogen fixation increasingly appealing. We begin with a historical discussion of N2 functionalization chemistry that traverses a timeline of events leading up to the discovery of the first bona fide molecular catalyst system and follow with a comprehensive overview of d-block compounds that have been targeted as catalysts up to and including 2019. We end with a summary of lessons learned from this significant research effort and last offer a discussion of key remaining challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Chalkley
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Marcus W Drover
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jonas C Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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40
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Eaton MC, Knight BJ, Catalano VJ, Murray LJ. Evaluating Metal Ion Identity on Catalytic Silylation of Dinitrogen Using a Series of Trimetallic Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020; 2020:1519-1524. [PMID: 33071629 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report catalytic silylation of dinitrogen to tris(trimethylsilyl)amine by a series of trinuclear first row transition metal complexes (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) housed in our tris(β-diketiminate) cyclophane (L 3- ). Yields are expectedly dependent on metal ion type ranging from 14 to 199 equiv NH4 +/complex after protonolysis for the Mn to Co congeners, respectively. For the series of complexes, the number of turnovers trend observed is Co > Fe > Cr > Ni > Mn, consistent with prior reports of greater efficacy of Co over Fe in other ligand systems for this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Eaton
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA)
| | - Brian J Knight
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA)
| | | | - Leslie J Murray
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA)
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41
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Shima T, Yang J, Luo G, Luo Y, Hou Z. Dinitrogen Activation and Hydrogenation by C5Me4SiMe3-Ligated Di- and Trinuclear Chromium Hydride Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9007-9016. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Shima
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Kendall
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics; Oregon Health and Science University; 97201 Portland OR USA
| | - Michael T. Mock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Montana State University; 59717 Bozeman MT USA
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43
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Sanz CA, Stein CAM, Fryzuk MD. Synthesis of a T-Shaped Cobalt(I) Complex and Its Dinitrogen Adduct. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey A. Sanz
- Department of Chemistry; The University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall V6T 1Z1 Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Carolin A. M. Stein
- Department of Chemistry; The University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall V6T 1Z1 Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Michael D. Fryzuk
- Department of Chemistry; The University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall V6T 1Z1 Vancouver BC Canada
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44
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Cha J, Kwon H, Song H, Lee E. Dinitrogen activation by a penta-pyridyl molybdenum complex. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:12945-12949. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02692a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new dinitrogen (N2) molybdenum(0) complex supported exclusively by pyridine ligands was synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Cha
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- 37673 Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunchul Kwon
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- 37673 Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Song
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- 37673 Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- 37673 Pohang
- Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science
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45
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Strelnik ID, Dayanova IR, Poryvaev TM, Gerasimova TP, Litvinov IA, Katsyuba SA, Musina EI, Karasik AA, Sinyashin OG. Rearrangement of two 8-membered 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane rings into 16-membered P4N4 ligand on the gold(i) template. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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46
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Tanaka H, Hitaoka S, Umehara K, Yoshizawa K, Kuwata S. Mechanistic Study on Catalytic Disproportionation of Hydrazine by a Protic Pincer‐Type Iron Complex through Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Tanaka
- School of Liberal Arts and Sciences Daido University Minami-ku Nagoya 457‐8530 Japan
| | - Seiji Hitaoka
- Institute of Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819‐0395 Japan
| | - Kazuki Umehara
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1 E4‐1 O‐Okayama Meguro‐ku Tokyo 152‐8552 Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute of Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819‐0395 Japan
| | - Shigeki Kuwata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1 E4‐1 O‐Okayama Meguro‐ku Tokyo 152‐8552 Japan
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47
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Kawakami R, Kuriyama S, Tanaka H, Arashiba K, Konomi A, Nakajima K, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Catalytic reduction of dinitrogen to tris(trimethylsilyl)amine using rhodium complexes with a pyrrole-based PNP-type pincer ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14886-14889. [PMID: 31720597 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06896a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium complexes bearing an anionic pyrrole-based PNP-type pincer ligand are synthesised and found to work as effective catalysts for the transformation of molecular dinitrogen into tris(trimethylsilyl)amine under mild reaction conditions. This is the first successful example of rhodium-catalysed dinitrogen reduction under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kawakami
- Department of Systems Innovation, and School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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48
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Speelman AL, Čorić I, Van Stappen C, DeBeer S, Mercado BQ, Holland PL. Nitrogenase-Relevant Reactivity of a Synthetic Iron-Sulfur-Carbon Site. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13148-13157. [PMID: 31403298 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple synthetic compounds with only S and C donors offer a ligation environment similar to the active site of nitrogenase (FeMoco) and thus demonstrate reasonable mechanisms and geometries for N2 binding and reduction in nature. We recently reported the first example of N2 binding at a mononuclear iron site supported by only S and C donors. In this work, we report experiments that examine the mechanism of N2 binding in this system. The reduction of an iron(II) tris(thiolate) complex with 1 equiv of KC8 leads to a thermally unstable intermediate, and a combination of Mössbauer, EPR, and X-ray absorption spectroscopies identifies it as a high-spin (S = 3/2) iron(I) species that maintains coordination of all three sulfur atoms. DFT calculations suggest that this iron(I) intermediate has a pseudotetrahedral geometry that resembles the S3C iron coordination environment of the belt iron sites in the resting state of the FeMoco. Further reduction to the iron(0) oxidation level under argon causes the dissociation of one of the thiolate donors and gives an η6-arene species which reacts with N2. Thus, in this system the loss of thiolate and binding of N2 require reduction beyond the iron(I) level to the iron(0) level. Further reduction of the iron(0)-N2 complex gives a reactive, formally iron(-I) species. Treatment of the putative iron(-I) complex with weak acids gives low yields of ammonia and hydrazine, demonstrating that these nitrogenase products can be generated from N2 at a synthetic Fe-S-C site. Catalytic N2 reduction is not observed, which is attributed to protonation of the supporting ligand and degradation of the complex via ligand dissociation. Identification of the challenges in this system gives insight into the design features needed for functional biomimetic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Speelman
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Ilija Čorić
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Casey Van Stappen
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstraße 34-36 , D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstraße 34-36 , D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
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49
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Zhang L, Chen G, Ding L, Wang H. Advanced Non‐metallic Catalysts for Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction under Ambient Conditions. Chemistry 2019; 25:12464-12485. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Gao‐Feng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Liang‐Xin Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Haihui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
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50
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Riyaz M, Goel N. Single‐Atom Catalysis Using Chromium Embedded in Divacant Graphene for Conversion of Dinitrogen to Ammonia. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1954-1959. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Riyaz
- Theoretical & Computational Chemistry group Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced studies in ChemistryPanjab University Chandigarh- 160014 India
| | - Neetu Goel
- Theoretical & Computational Chemistry group Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced studies in ChemistryPanjab University Chandigarh- 160014 India
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