1
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Sanders MA, Chittari SS, Foley JR, Swofford WM, Elder BM, Knight AS. Leveraging Triphenylphosphine-Containing Polymers to Explore Design Principles for Protein-Mimetic Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38863219 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Complex interactions between noncoordinating residues are significant yet commonly overlooked components of macromolecular catalyst function. While these interactions have been demonstrated to impact binding affinities and catalytic rates in metalloenzymes, the roles of similar structural elements in synthetic polymeric catalysts remain underexplored. Using a model Suzuki-Miyuara cross-coupling reaction, we performed a series of systematic studies to probe the interconnected effects of metal-ligand cross-links, electrostatic interactions, and local rigidity in polymer catalysts. To achieve this, a novel bifunctional triphenylphosphine acrylamide (BisTPPAm) monomer was synthesized and evaluated alongside an analogous monofunctional triphenylphosphine acrylamide (TPPAm). In model copolymer catalysts, increased initial reaction rates were observed for copolymers untethered by Pd complexation (BisTPPAm-containing) compared to Pd-cross-linked catalysts (TPPAm-containing). Further, incorporating local rigidity through secondary structure-like and electrostatic interactions revealed nonmonotonic relationships between composition and the reaction rate, demonstrating the potential for tunable behavior through secondary-sphere interactions. Finally, through rigorous cheminformatics featurization strategies and statistical modeling, we quantitated relationships between chemical descriptors of the substrate and reaction conditions on catalytic performance. Collectively, these results provide insights into relationships among the composition, structure, and function of protein-mimetic catalytic copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Supraja S Chittari
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jack R Foley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - William M Swofford
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Bridgette M Elder
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Abigail S Knight
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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2
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Sathyan A, Archontakis E, Spiering AJH, Albertazzi L, Palmans ARA. Effect of Particle Heterogeneity in Catalytic Copper-Containing Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles Revealed by Single-Particle Kinetics. Molecules 2024; 29:1850. [PMID: 38675670 PMCID: PMC11054931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) have been extensively explored as a synthetic alternative to enzymes for catalytic applications. However, the inherent structural heterogeneity of SCPNs, arising from the dispersity of the polymer backbone and stochastic incorporation of different monomers as well as catalytic moieties, is expected to lead to variations in catalytic activity between individual particles. To understand the effect of structural heterogeneities on the catalytic performance of SCPNs, techniques are required that permit researchers to directly monitor SCPN activity at the single-polymer level. In this study, we introduce the use of single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to study the kinetics of Cu(I)-containing SCPNs towards depropargylation reactions. We developed Cu(I)-containing SCPNs that exhibit fast kinetics towards depropargylation and Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions, making them suitable for single-particle kinetic studies. SCPNs were then immobilized on the surface of glass coverslips and the catalytic reactions were monitored at a single-particle level using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. Our studies revealed the interparticle turnover dispersity for Cu(I)-catalyzed depropargylations. In the future, our approach can be extended to different polymer designs which can give insights into the intrinsic heterogeneity of SCPN catalysis and can further aid in the rational development of SCPN-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Sathyan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (A.S.); (A.J.H.S.)
| | - Emmanouil Archontakis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (E.A.); (L.A.)
| | - A. J. H. Spiering
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (A.S.); (A.J.H.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (E.A.); (L.A.)
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (A.S.); (A.J.H.S.)
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3
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Yu YC, Tong ZJ, Liang XT, Wu JZ, Xu YJ, Wang JJ, Zhang MY, Wei TH, Yang J, Wang YB, Wang QX, Li QQ, Wang Z, Leng X, Ding N, Xue X, Sun SL, Li NG, Wang XL. Discovery of RORγ Allosteric Fluorescent Probes and Their Application: Fluorescence Polarization, Screening, and Bioimaging. J Med Chem 2024; 67:4194-4224. [PMID: 38442261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) acts as a crucial transcription factor in Th17 cells and is involved in diverse autoimmune disorders. RORγ allosteric inhibitors have gained significant research focus as a novel strategy to inhibit RORγ transcriptional activity. Leveraging the high affinity and selectivity of RORγ allosteric inhibitor MRL-871 (1), this study presents the design, synthesis, and characterization of 11 allosteric fluorescent probes. Utilizing the preferred probe 12h, we established an efficient and cost-effective fluorescence polarization-based affinity assay for screening RORγ allosteric binders. By employing virtual screening in conjunction with this assay, 10 novel RORγ allosteric inhibitors were identified. The initial SAR studies focusing on the hit compound G381-0087 are also presented. The encouraging outcomes indicate that probe 12h possesses the potential to function as a powerful tool in facilitating the exploration of RORγ allosteric inhibitors and furthering understanding of RORγ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cheng Yu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zhen-Jiang Tong
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Liang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jia-Zhen Wu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yu-Jing Xu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Zhang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Tian-Hua Wei
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jin Yang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yi-Bo Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Qing-Xin Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - XueJiao Leng
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Ning Ding
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xin Xue
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Shan-Liang Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Long Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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4
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Zeng Y, Xu T, Chen W, Fang J, Chen D. Quasi-Chromophores Segregated by Single-Chain Nanoparticles of Fluorinated Zwitterionic Random Copolymers Showing Remarkably Enhanced Fluorescence Emission Capable of Fluorescent Cell Imaging. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400029. [PMID: 38477018 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Organic and polymer fluorescent nanomaterials are a frontier research focus. Here in this work, a series of fluorinated zwitterionic random copolymers end-attached with a quasi-chromophoric group of pyrene or tetraphenylethylene (TPE) are well synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization with activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET ATRP). Those random copolymers with total degree of polymerization 100 or 200 are able to produce fluorescent single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) through intra-chain self-folding assembly with quite uniform diameters in the range of 10-20 nm as characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. By virtue of the segregation or confinement effect, both SCNPs functionalized with pyrene or TPE group are capable of emitting fluorescence, with pyrene tethered SCNPs exhibiting stronger fluorescence emission reaching the highest quantum yield ≈20%. Moreover, such kind of fluorescent SCNPs manifest low cytotoxicity and good cell imaging performance for Hela cells. The creation of fluorescent SCNPs through covalently attached one quasi-chromophore to the end of one fluorinated zwitterionic random copolymer provides an alternative strategy for preparing polymeric luminescence nanomaterials, promisingly serving as a new type of fluorescent nanoprobes for biological imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tianchi Xu
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weizhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianglin Fang
- Center for Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Dongzhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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5
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Zhang L, Wang H, Qu X. Biosystem-Inspired Engineering of Nanozymes for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2211147. [PMID: 36622946 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes with intrinsic enzyme-mimicking activities have shown great potential to become surrogates of natural enzymes in many fields by virtue of their advantages of high catalytic stability, ease of functionalization, and low cost. However, due to the lack of predictable descriptors, most of the nanozymes reported in the past have been obtained mainly through trial-and-error strategies, and the catalytic efficacy, substrate specificity, as well as practical application effect under physiological conditions, are far inferior to that of natural enzymes. To optimize the catalytic efficacies and functions of nanozymes in biomedical settings, recent studies have introduced biosystem-inspired strategies into nanozyme design. In this review, recent advances in the engineering of biosystem-inspired nanozymes by leveraging the refined catalytic structure of natural enzymes, simulating the behavior changes of natural enzymes in the catalytic process, and mimicking the specific biological processes or living organisms, are introduced. Furthermore, the currently involved biomedical applications of biosystem-inspired nanozymes are summarized. More importantly, the current opportunities and challenges of the design and application of biosystem-inspired nanozymes are discussed. It is hoped that the studies of nanozymes based on bioinspired strategies will be beneficial for constructing the new generation of nanozymes and broadening their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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6
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Deng L, Sathyan A, Adam C, Unciti-Broceta A, Sebastian V, Palmans ARA. Enhanced Efficiency of Pd(0)-Based Single Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles for in Vitro Prodrug Activation by Modulating the Polymer's Microstructure. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2242-2249. [PMID: 38346395 PMCID: PMC10885199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal catalysis employing transition metal catalysts is a promising strategy for the in situ synthesis of imaging and therapeutic agents in biological environments. The transition metal Pd has been widely used as a bioorthogonal catalyst, but bare Pd poses challenges in water solubility and catalyst stability in cellular environments. In this work, Pd(0) loaded amphiphilic polymeric nanoparticles are applied to shield Pd in the presence of living cells for the in situ generation of a fluorescent dye and anticancer drugs. Pd(0) loaded polymeric nanoparticles prepared by the reduction of the corresponding Pd(II)-polymeric nanoparticles are highly active in the deprotection of pro-rhodamine dye and anticancer prodrugs, giving significant fluorescence enhancement and toxigenic effects, respectively, in HepG2 cells. In addition, we show that the microstructure of the polymeric nanoparticles for scaffolding Pd plays a critical role in tuning the catalytic efficiency, with the use of the ligand triphenylphosphine as a key factor for improving the catalyst stability in biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Deng
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anjana Sathyan
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Adam
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Víctor Sebastian
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anja R A Palmans
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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7
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Mundsinger K, Izuagbe A, Tuten BT, Roesky PW, Barner-Kowollik C. Single Chain Nanoparticles in Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202311734. [PMID: 37852937 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the last six decades folded polymer chains-so-called Single Chain Nanoparticles (SCNPs)-have evolved from the mere concept of intramolecularly crosslinked polymer chains to tailored nanoreactors, underpinned by a plethora of techniques and chemistries to tailor and analyze their morphology and function. These monomolecular polymer entities hold critical promise in a wide range of applications. Herein, we highlight the exciting progress that has been made in the field of catalytically active SCNPs in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Mundsinger
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Aidan Izuagbe
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000, Brisbane QLD, Australia
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bryan T Tuten
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000, Brisbane QLD, Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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8
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Day EC, Chittari SS, Bogen MP, Knight AS. Navigating the Expansive Landscapes of Soft Materials: A User Guide for High-Throughput Workflows. ACS POLYMERS AU 2023; 3:406-427. [PMID: 38107416 PMCID: PMC10722570 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are highly customizable with tailored structures and functionality, yet this versatility generates challenges in the design of advanced materials due to the size and complexity of the design space. Thus, exploration and optimization of polymer properties using combinatorial libraries has become increasingly common, which requires careful selection of synthetic strategies, characterization techniques, and rapid processing workflows to obtain fundamental principles from these large data sets. Herein, we provide guidelines for strategic design of macromolecule libraries and workflows to efficiently navigate these high-dimensional design spaces. We describe synthetic methods for multiple library sizes and structures as well as characterization methods to rapidly generate data sets, including tools that can be adapted from biological workflows. We further highlight relevant insights from statistics and machine learning to aid in data featurization, representation, and analysis. This Perspective acts as a "user guide" for researchers interested in leveraging high-throughput screening toward the design of multifunctional polymers and predictive modeling of structure-property relationships in soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew P. Bogen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Abigail S. Knight
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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9
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Wagle SS, Rathee P, Vippala K, Tevet S, Gordin A, Dobrovetsky R, Amir RJ. Polymeric architecture as a tool for controlling the reactivity of palladium(II) loaded nanoreactors. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15396-15404. [PMID: 37701949 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02012f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled systems, like polymeric micelles, have become great facilitators for conducting organic reactions in aqueous media due to their broad potential applications in green chemistry and biomedical applications. Massive strides have been taken to improve the reaction scope of such systems, enabling them to perform bioorthogonal reactions for prodrug therapy. Considering these significant advancements, we sought to study the relationships between the architecture of the amphiphiles and the reactivity of their PdII loaded micellar nanoreactors in conducting depropargylation reactions. Towards this goal, we designed and synthesized a series of isomeric polyethylene glycol (PEG)-dendron amphiphiles with different dendritic architectures but with an identical degree of hydrophobicity and hydrophilic to lipophilic balance (HLB). We observed that the dendritic architecture, which serves as the main binding site for the PdII ions, has greater influence on the reactivity than the hydrophobicity of the dendron. These trends remained constant for two different propargyl caged substrates, validating the obtained results. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of simplified models of the dendritic blocks revealed the different binding modes of the various dendritic architectures to PdII ions, which could explain the observed differences in the reactivity of the nanoreactors with different dendritic architectures. Our results demonstrate how tuning the internal architecture of the amphiphiles by changing the orientation of the chelating moieties can be used as a tool for controlling the reactivity of PdII loaded nanoreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas S Wagle
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.
- Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Parul Rathee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.
- Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Krishna Vippala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.
- Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Analytical Technologies Unit R&D, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Kfar Saba 4410202, Israel
| | - Shahar Tevet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.
- Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Alexander Gordin
- The ADAMA Center for Novel Delivery Systems in Crop Protection, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Roman Dobrovetsky
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Roey J Amir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.
- Analytical Technologies Unit R&D, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Kfar Saba 4410202, Israel
- The ADAMA Center for Novel Delivery Systems in Crop Protection, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- The Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
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10
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Maag PH, Feist F, Truong VX, Frisch H, Roesky PW, Barner-Kowollik C. Visible-Light-Induced Control over Reversible Single-Chain Nanoparticle Folding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309259. [PMID: 37485591 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a class of single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) that respond to visible light (λmax =415 nm) with complete unfolding from their compact structure into linear chain analogues. The initial folding is achieved by a simple esterification reaction of the polymer backbone constituted of acrylic acid and polyethylene glycol carrying monomer units, introducing bimane moieties, which allow for the photochemical unfolding, reversing the ester-bond formation. The compaction and the light driven unfolding proceed cleanly and are readily followed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY), monitoring the change in the hydrodynamic radius (RH ). Importantly, the folding reaction and the light-induced unfolding are reversible, supported by the high conversion of the photo cleavage. As the unfolding reaction occurs in aqueous systems, the system holds promise for controlling the unfolding of SCNPs in biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Maag
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, 4000, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, 4000, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Florian Feist
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Vinh X Truong
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Re-search (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, 4000, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, 4000, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, 4000, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, 4000, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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11
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Wang J, Lu T, Li Y, Wang J, Spruijt E. Aqueous coordination polymer complexes: From colloidal assemblies to bulk materials. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102964. [PMID: 37515864 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
1-dimensional (1D) coordination polymers refer to the macromolecules that have metal ions incorporated in their pendent groups or main chain through metal-binding ligand groups. They have intrinsic advantages over traditional polymers to regulate the polymer structures and functions owing to the nature of the metal-ligand bond. Consequently, they have great potential for the development of smart and functional structures and materials and therapeutic agents. Water-soluble 1D coordination polymers and assemblies are an important subtype of coordination polymers with distinctive interests for demanding applications in aqueous systems, such as biological and medical applications. This review highlights the recent progress and research achievements in the design and use of water-soluble 1D coordination polymers and assemblies. The overview covers the design and structure control of 1D coordination polymers, their colloidal assemblies, including nanoparticles, nanofibers, micelles and vesicles, and fabricated bulk materials such as membraneless liquid condensates, security ink, hydrogel actuators, and smart fabrics. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of several of these coordination polymeric structures and materials and give an outlook on the field of aqueous coordination polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tiemei Lu
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Junyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Evan Spruijt
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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12
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Sathyan A, Loman T, Deng L, Palmans ARA. Amphiphilic polymeric nanoparticles enable homogenous rhodium-catalysed NH insertion reactions in living cells. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37470373 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02581k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Rh-catalysed NH carbene insertion reactions were exported to living cells with help of amphiphilic polymeric nanoparticles. Hereto, hydrophobic dirhodium carboxylate catalysts were efficiently encapsulated in amphiphilic polymeric nanoparticles comprising dodecyl and Jeffamine as side grafts. The developed catalytic nanoparticles promoted NH carbene insertions between α-keto diazocarbenes and 2,3-diaminonaphthalene, followed by intramolecular cyclisation to form fluorescent or biologically active benzoquinoxalines. These reactions were studied in reaction media of varying complexity. The best-performing catalyst was exported to HeLa cells, where fluorescent and cytotoxic benzoquinoxalines were synthesized in situ at low catalyst loading within a short time. Most of the developed bioorthogonal transition metal catalysts reported to date are easily deactivated by the reactive biomolecules in living cells, limiting their applications. The high catalytic efficiency of the Rh-based polymeric nanoparticles reported here opens the door to expanding the repertoire of bioorthogonal reactions and is therefore promising for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Sathyan
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Tessa Loman
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Linlin Deng
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Anja R A Palmans
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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13
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Wijker S, Palmans ARA. Protein-Inspired Control over Synthetic Polymer Folding for Structured Functional Nanoparticles in Water. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300260. [PMID: 37417828 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The folding of proteins into functional nanoparticles with defined 3D structures has inspired chemists to create simple synthetic systems mimicking protein properties. The folding of polymers into nanoparticles in water proceeds via different strategies, resulting in the global compaction of the polymer chain. Herein, we review the different methods available to control the conformation of synthetic polymers and collapse/fold them into structured, functional nanoparticles, such as hydrophobic collapse, supramolecular self-assembly, and covalent cross-linking. A comparison is made between the design principles of protein folding to synthetic polymer folding and the formation of structured nanocompartments in water, highlighting similarities and differences in design and function. We also focus on the importance of structure for functional stability and diverse applications in complex media and cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wijker
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R A Palmans
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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14
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Sanders MA, Chittari SS, Sherman N, Foley JR, Knight AS. Versatile Triphenylphosphine-Containing Polymeric Catalysts and Elucidation of Structure-Function Relationships. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9686-9692. [PMID: 37079910 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are a modular solution to bridging the two most common classes of catalysts: proteins and small molecules. Polymers offer the synthetic versatility of small-molecule catalysts while simultaneously having the ability to construct microenvironments mimicking those of natural proteins. We synthesized a panel of polymeric catalysts containing a novel triphenylphosphine acrylamide monomer and investigated how their properties impact the rate of a model Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. Systematic variation of polymer properties, such as the molecular weight, functional density, and comonomer identity, led to tunable reaction rates and solvent compatibility, including full conversion in an aqueous medium. Studies with bulkier substrates revealed connections between polymer parameters and reaction conditions that were further elucidated with a regression analysis. Some connections were substrate-specific, highlighting the value of the rapidly tunable polymer catalyst. Collectively, these results aid in building structure-function relationships to guide the development of polymer catalysts with tunable substrates and environmental compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Supraja S Chittari
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nicole Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jack R Foley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Abigail S Knight
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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15
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Pérez-López AM, Belsom A, Fiedler L, Xin X, Rappsilber J. Dual-Bioorthogonal Catalysis by a Palladium Peptide Complex. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3301-3311. [PMID: 36820649 PMCID: PMC10009749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) enrich bioorthogonal chemistry with new-to-nature reactions while limiting metal deactivation and toxicity. This enables biomedical applications such as activating therapeutics in situ. However, while combination therapies are becoming widespread anticancer treatments, dual catalysis by ArMs has not yet been shown. We present a heptapeptidic ArM with a novel peptide ligand carrying a methyl salicylate palladium complex. We observed that the peptide scaffold reduces metal toxicity while protecting the metal from deactivation by cellular components. Importantly, the peptide also improves catalysis, suggesting involvement in the catalytic reaction mechanism. Our work shows how a palladium-peptide homogeneous catalyst can simultaneously mediate two types of chemistry to synthesize anticancer drugs in human cells. Methyl salicylate palladium LLEYLKR peptide (2-Pd) succeeded to simultaneously produce paclitaxel by depropargylation, and linifanib by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling in cell culture, thereby achieving combination therapy on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Pérez-López
- Chair of Bioanalytics, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany.,Si-M/"Der Simulierte Mensch", a Science Framework of Technische Universität Berlin and Charité─Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adam Belsom
- Chair of Bioanalytics, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany.,Si-M/"Der Simulierte Mensch", a Science Framework of Technische Universität Berlin and Charité─Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Linus Fiedler
- Chair of Bioanalytics, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany.,Si-M/"Der Simulierte Mensch", a Science Framework of Technische Universität Berlin and Charité─Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaoyi Xin
- Chair of Bioanalytics, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany.,Si-M/"Der Simulierte Mensch", a Science Framework of Technische Universität Berlin and Charité─Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Chair of Bioanalytics, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany.,Si-M/"Der Simulierte Mensch", a Science Framework of Technische Universität Berlin and Charité─Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany.,Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
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16
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Sathyan A, Deng L, Loman T, Palmans AR. Bio-orthogonal catalysis in complex media: Consequences of using polymeric scaffold materials on catalyst stability and activity. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.114116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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17
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Zhu J, You Y, Zhang W, Pu F, Ren J, Qu X. Boosting Endogenous Copper(I) for Biologically Safe and Efficient Bioorthogonal Catalysis via Self-Adaptive Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1955-1963. [PMID: 36625653 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most typical bioorthogonal reactions, the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction has received worldwide attention in intracellular transformation of prodrugs due to its high efficiency and selectivity. However, the exogenous Cu catalysts may disturb Cu homeostasis and cause side effects to normal tissues. What is more, the intratumoral Cu(I) is insufficient to efficiently catalyze the intracellular CuAAC reaction due to oncogene-induced labile Cu(I) deficiency. Herein, in order to boost the endogenous Cu(I) level for intracellular drug synthesis through the bioorthogonal reaction, a self-adaptive bioorthogonal catalysis system was constructed by encapsulating prodrugs and sodium ascorbate within adenosine triphosphate aptamer-functionalized metal-organic framework nanoparticles. The system presents specificity to tumor cells and does not require exogenous Cu catalysts, thereby leading to high anti-tumor efficacy and minimal side effects both in vitro and in vivo. This work will open up a new opportunity for developing biosafe and high-performance bioorthogonal catalysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yawen You
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Fang Pu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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18
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Deng Y, Wu T, Chen X, Chen Y, Fei Y, Liu Y, Chen Z, Xing H, Bai Y. A Membrane-Embedded Macromolecular Catalyst with Substrate Selectivity in Live Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1262-1272. [PMID: 36525295 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Substrate selectivity is one of the most attractive features of natural enzymes from their "bind-to-catalyze" working flow and is thus a goal for the development of synthetic enzyme mimics that mediate abiotic transformations. However, despite the recent success in the preparation of substrate-selective enzyme mimics based on single-chain nanoparticles, examples extending such selectivity into living systems have been absent. In this article, we report the in cellulo substrate selectivity of an enzyme-mimicking macromolecular catalyst based on a cationic dense-shell nanoparticle (DSNP) scaffold. With a systematic study on DSNP's structure-activity relationship, we demonstrate that the DSNP has excellent membrane affinity that is governed by several contributing factors, namely, charge density, type of charge, and particle size, and the best-performing phosphonium-rich DSNP can be used as a membrane-embedded catalyst (MEC) for efficient on-membrane synthesis. Importantly, the DSNP catalyst retains its selectivity toward lipophilic and anionic substrates when working as an MEC for on-membrane ligation. The usefulness of such substrate selectivity and on-membrane catalysis strategy was exemplified with several molecules of interest with low cell permeability and anionic nature, which were successfully transported into eukaryotic cells by after their formation directly on the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjiao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xianhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yating Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Hang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yugang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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19
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Archontakis E, Deng L, Zijlstra P, Palmans ARA, Albertazzi L. Spectrally PAINTing a Single Chain Polymeric Nanoparticle at Super-Resolution. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23698-23707. [PMID: 36516974 PMCID: PMC9801428 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Folding a polymer chain into a well-defined single-chain polymeric nanoparticle (SCPN) is a fascinating approach to obtaining structured and functional nanoparticles. Like all polymeric materials, SCPNs are heterogeneous in their nature due to the polydispersity of their synthesis: the stochastic synthesis of polymer backbone length and stochastic functionalization with hydrophobic and hydrophilic pendant groups make structural diversity inevitable. Therefore, in a single batch of SCPNs, nanoparticles with different physicochemical properties are present, posing a great challenge to their characterization at a single-particle level. The development of techniques that can elucidate differences between SCPNs at a single-particle level is imperative to capture their potential applications in different fields such as catalysis and drug delivery. Here, a Nile Red based spectral point accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (NR-sPAINT) super-resolution fluorescence technique was implemented for the study of SCPNs at a single-particle level. This innovative method allowed us to (i) map the small-molecule binding rates on individual SCPNs and (ii) map the polarity of individual SCPNs for the first time. The SCPN designs used here have the same polymeric backbone but differ in the number of hydrophobic groups. The experimental results show notable interparticle differences in the binding rates within the same polymer design. Moreover, a marked polarity shift between the different designs is observed. Interestingly, interparticle polarity heterogeneity was unveiled, as well as an intraparticle diversity, information which has thus far remained hidden by ensemble techniques. The results indicate that the addition of hydrophobic pendant groups is vital to determine binding properties and induces single-particle polarity diversity. Overall, NR-sPAINT represents a powerful approach to quantifying the single-particle polarity of SCPNs and paves the way to relate the structural heterogeneity to functionality at the single-particle level. This provides an important step toward the aim of rationally designing SCPNs for the desired application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Archontakis
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
(ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Linlin Deng
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Laboratory of Macromolecular
and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Zijlstra
- Department
of Applied Physics, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands,
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Laboratory of Macromolecular
and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands,
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
(ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands,Nanoscopy
for Nanomedicine, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,
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20
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Zhang H, Zha H, Liu C, Hong C. Scalable preparation and direct visualization of cyclic polymers via self-folding cyclization technique. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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Progress in polymer single-chain based hybrid nanoparticles. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Eisenreich F, Palmans ARA. Direct C−H Trifluoromethylation of (Hetero)Arenes in Water Enabled by Organic Photoredox‐Active Amphiphilic Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201322. [PMID: 35730657 PMCID: PMC9544737 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox‐catalyzed chemical conversions are predominantly operated in organic media to ensure good compatibility between substrates and catalysts. Yet, when conducted in aqueous media, they are an attractive, mild, and green way to introduce functional groups into organic molecules. We here show that trifluoromethyl groups can be readily installed into a broad range of organic compounds by using water as the reaction medium and light as the energy source. To bypass solubility obstacles, we developed robust water‐soluble polymeric nanoparticles that accommodate reagents and photocatalysts within their hydrophobic interior under high local concentrations. By taking advantage of the high excited state reduction potential of N‐phenylphenothiazine (PTH) through UV light illumination, the direct C−H trifluoromethylation of a wide array of small organic molecules is achieved selectively with high substrate conversion. Key to our approach is slowing down the production of CF3 radicals during the chemical process by reducing the catalyst loading as well as the light intensity, thereby improving effectiveness and selectivity of this aqueous photocatalytic method. Furthermore, the catalyst system shows excellent recyclability and can be fueled by sunlight. The method we propose here is versatile, widely applicable, energy efficient, and attractive for late‐stage introduction of trifluoromethyl groups into biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Eisenreich
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry Institute of Complex Molecular Systems Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven (The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry Institute of Complex Molecular Systems Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven (The Netherlands
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23
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Catalyst-free multicomponent polymerization of sulfonyl azide, aldehyde and cyclic amino acids toward zwitterionic and amphiphilic poly(N-sulfonyl amidine) as nanocatalyst precursor. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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24
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Pei X, Luo Z, Qiao L, Xiao Q, Zhang P, Wang A, Sheldon RA. Putting precision and elegance in enzyme immobilisation with bio-orthogonal chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7281-7304. [PMID: 35920313 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01004b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The covalent immobilisation of enzymes generally involves the use of highly reactive crosslinkers, such as glutaraldehyde, to couple enzyme molecules to each other or to carriers through, for example, the free amino groups of lysine residues, on the enzyme surface. Unfortunately, such methods suffer from a lack of precision. Random formation of covalent linkages with reactive functional groups in the enzyme leads to disruption of the three dimensional structure and accompanying activity losses. This review focuses on recent advances in the use of bio-orthogonal chemistry in conjunction with rec-DNA to affect highly precise immobilisation of enzymes. In this way, cost-effective combination of production, purification and immobilisation of an enzyme is achieved, in a single unit operation with a high degree of precision. Various bio-orthogonal techniques for putting this precision and elegance into enzyme immobilisation are elaborated. These include, for example, fusing (grafting) peptide or protein tags to the target enzyme that enable its immobilisation in cell lysate or incorporating non-standard amino acids that enable the application of bio-orthogonal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Pei
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Luo
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Li Qiao
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qinjie Xiao
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Anming Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Department of Biotechnology, Section BOC, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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25
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Yang Z, Huang S, Liu Y, Chang X, Liang Y, Li X, Xu Z, Wang S, Lu Y, Liu Y, Liu W. Biotin-Targeted Au(I) Radiosensitizer for Cancer Synergistic Therapy by Intervening with Redox Homeostasis and Inducing Ferroptosis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8401-8415. [PMID: 35687871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The search for highly selective sensitizers with a novel mechanism for tumor targeting therapy is of considerable interest. In this work, we have developed a series of new biotin-targeted Au(I) complexes. Through systematic biological evaluation and comparison, biotinylated Au(I) complex 3a containing a triphenylphosphine ligand was screened, as it realized both prominent efficient inhibition and selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells, and the effect was better than that of popularly used auranofin. Meanwhile, complex 3a, as a potent radiosensitizer, enhances anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo and has sensitization selectivity. From the action mechanism study, we provide evidence that complex 3a could intervene in redox homeostasis through targeted binding and strong suppression of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and induce the ferroptosis death process, enabling it to sensitize tumor cells to radiotherapy. Thus, complex 3a has enormous potential as an efficient and specific radiosensitizing agent in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali 671000, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Chang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yanshan Liang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Zhongren Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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26
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Paciolla M, Likos CN, Moreno AJ. Validity of Effective Potentials in Crowded Solutions of Linear and Ring Polymers with Reversible Bonds. Macromolecules 2022; 55:2659-2674. [PMID: 35444345 PMCID: PMC9011144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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We perform simulations
to compute the effective potential between
the centers-of-mass of two polymers with reversible bonds. We investigate
the influence of the topology on the potential by employing linear
and ring backbones for the precursor (unbonded) polymer, finding that
it leads to qualitatively different effective potentials. In the linear
and ring cases the potentials can be described by Gaussians and generalized
exponentials, respectively. The interactions are more repulsive for
the ring topology, in analogy with known results in the absence of
bonding. We also investigate the effect of the specific sequence of
the reactive groups along the backbone (periodic or with different
degrees of randomness), establishing that it has a significant impact
on the effective potentials. When the reactive sites of both polymers
are chemically orthogonal so that only intramolecular bonds are possible,
the interactions become more repulsive the closer to periodic the
sequence is. The opposite effect is found if both polymers have the
same types of reactive sites and intermolecular bonds can be formed.
We test the validity of the effective potentials in solution, in a
broad range of concentrations from high dilution to far above the
overlap concentration. For this purpose, we compare simulations of
the effective fluid and test particle route calculations with simulations
of the real all-monomer system. Very good agreement is found for the
reversible linear polymers, indicating that unlike in their nonbonding
counterparts many-body effects are minor even far above the overlap
concentration. The agreement for the reversible rings is less satisfactory,
and at high concentration the real system does not show the clustering
behavior predicted by the effective potential. Results similar to
the former ones are found for the partial self-correlations in ring/linear
mixtures. Finally, we investigate the possibility of creating, at
high concentrations, a gel of two interpenetrated reversible networks.
For this purpose we simulate a 50/50 two-component mixture of reversible
polymers with orthogonal chemistry for the reactive sites, so that
intermolecular bonds are only formed between polymers of the same
component. As predicted by both the theoretical phase diagram and
the simulations of the effective fluid, the two networks in the all-monomer
mixture do not interpenetrate, and phase separation (demixing) is
observed instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Paciolla
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Christos N. Likos
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angel J. Moreno
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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27
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Qu R, Suo H, Gu Y, Weng Y, Qin Y. Sidechain Metallopolymers with Precisely Controlled Structures: Synthesis and Application in Catalysis. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061128. [PMID: 35335458 PMCID: PMC8956016 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the cooperative multi-metallic activation in metalloenzyme catalysis, artificial enzymes as multi-metallic catalysts have been developed for improved kinetics and higher selectivity. Previous models about multi-metallic catalysts, such as cross-linked polymer-supported catalysts, failed to precisely control the number and location of their active sites, leading to low activity and selectivity. In recent years, metallopolymers with metals in the sidechain, also named as sidechain metallopolymers (SMPs), have attracted much attention because of their combination of the catalytic, magnetic, and electronic properties of metals with desirable mechanical and processing properties of polymeric backbones. Living and controlled polymerization techniques provide access to SMPs with precisely controlled structures, for example, controlled degree of polymerization (DP) and molecular weight dispersity (Đ), which may have excellent performance as multi-metallic catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions. This review will cover the recent advances about SMPs, especially on their synthesis and application in catalysis. These tailor-made SMPs with metallic catalytic centers can precisely control the number and location of their active sites, exhibiting high catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (R.Q.); (H.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Hongyi Suo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (R.Q.); (H.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yanan Gu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (R.Q.); (H.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yusheng Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (R.Q.); (H.S.); (Y.G.)
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (Y.Q.)
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28
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Partipilo G, Graham AJ, Belardi B, Keitz BK. Extracellular Electron Transfer Enables Cellular Control of Cu(I)-Catalyzed Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:246-257. [PMID: 35233456 PMCID: PMC8875427 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is an anaerobic respiration process that couples carbon oxidation to the reduction of metal species. In the presence of a suitable metal catalyst, EET allows for cellular metabolism to control a variety of synthetic transformations. Here, we report the use of EET from the electroactive bacterium Shewanella oneidensis for metabolic and genetic control over Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC). CuAAC conversion under anaerobic and aerobic conditions was dependent on live, actively respiring S. oneidensis cells. The reaction progress and kinetics were manipulated by tailoring the central carbon metabolism. Similarly, EET-CuAAC activity was dependent on specific EET pathways that could be regulated via inducible expression of EET-relevant proteins: MtrC, MtrA, and CymA. EET-driven CuAAC exhibited modularity and robustness in the ligand and substrate scope. Furthermore, the living nature of this system could be exploited to perform multiple reaction cycles without regeneration, something inaccessible to traditional chemical reductants. Finally, S. oneidensis enabled bioorthogonal CuAAC membrane labeling on live mammalian cells without affecting cell viability, suggesting that S. oneidensis can act as a dynamically tunable biocatalyst in complex environments. In summary, our results demonstrate how EET can expand the reaction scope available to living systems by enabling cellular control of CuAAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Partipilo
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Center
for Dynamics and Control of Materials, University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Austin J. Graham
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Center
for Dynamics and Control of Materials, University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Brian Belardi
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Benjamin K. Keitz
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Center
for Dynamics and Control of Materials, University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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29
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Deng L, Albertazzi L, Palmans ARA. Elucidating the Stability of Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles in Biological Media and Living Cells. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:326-338. [PMID: 34904821 PMCID: PMC8753603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The controlled folding of synthetic polymer chains into single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) of defined size and shape in water is a viable way to create compartmentalized, nanometer-sized structures for a range of biological applications. Understanding the relationship between the polymer's microstructure and the stability of folded structures is crucial to achieving desired applications. Here, we introduce the solvatochromic dye Nile red into SCPNs and apply a combination of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to relate polymer microstructure to nanoparticle stability in complex biological media and cellular environments. Our experimental data show that the polymer's microstructure has little effect on the stability of SCPNs in biological media and cytoplasm of living cells, but only SCPNs comprising supramolecular benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) motifs showed good stability in lysosomes. The results indicate that the polymer's microstructure is vital to ensure nanoparticle stability in highly competitive environments: both hydrophobic collapse and a structured interior are required. Our study provides an accessible way of probing the stability of SCPNs in cellular environments and paves the way for designing highly stable SCPNs for efficient bio-orthogonal catalysis and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Deng
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Molecular
Biosensing for Medical Diagnostics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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30
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You Y, Liu H, Zhu J, Wang Y, Pu F, Ren J, Qu X. A DNAzyme-augmented bioorthogonal catalysis system for synergistic cancer therapy. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7829-7836. [PMID: 35865897 PMCID: PMC9258401 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02050e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the representative bioorthogonal reactions, the copper-catalyzed click reaction provides a promising approach for in situ prodrug activation in cancer treatment. To solve the issue of inherent toxicity of Cu(i), biocompatible heterogeneous copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were developed for the Cu-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. However, the unsatisfactory catalytic activity and off-target effect still hindered their application in biological systems. Herein, we constructed a DNAzyme-augmented and targeted bioorthogonal catalyst for synergistic cancer therapy. The system could present specificity to cancer cells and promote the generation of Cu(i) via DNAzyme-induced value state conversion of DNA-templated ultrasmall CuNPs upon exposure to endogenous H2O2, thereby leading to high catalytic activity for in situ drug synthesis. Meanwhile, DNAzyme could produce radical species to damage cancer cells. The synergy of in situ drug synthesis and chemodynamic therapy exhibited excellent anti-cancer effects and minimal side effects. The study offers a simple and novel avenue to develop highly efficient and safe bioorthogonal catalysts for biological applications. A DNAzyme-augmented and tumor-targeted bioorthogonal catalysis system is constructed for synergistic cancer therapy. It promotes the generation of Cu(i) and ROS using endogenous H2O2, thereby achieving in situ drug synthesis and chemodynamic therapy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen You
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Fang Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
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31
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Tevet S, Wagle SS, Slor G, Amir RJ. Tuning the Reactivity of Micellar Nanoreactors by Precise Adjustments of the Amphiphile and Substrate Hydrophobicity. Macromolecules 2021; 54:11419-11426. [PMID: 34987270 PMCID: PMC8717824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric assemblies, such as micelles, are gaining increasing attention due to their ability to serve as nanoreactors for the execution of organic reactions in aqueous media. The ability to conduct organic transformations, which have been traditionally limited to organic media, in water is essential for the further development of important fields ranging from green catalysis to bioorthogonal chemistry. Considering the recent progress that has been made to expand the range of organometallic reactions conducted using nanoreactors, we aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the roles of the hydrophobicity of both the core of micellar nanoreactors and the substrates on the reaction rates in water. Toward this goal, we designed a set of five metal-loaded micelles composed of polyethylene glycol-dendron amphiphiles and studied their ability to serve as nanoreactors for a palladium-mediated depropargylation reaction of four substrates with different log P values. Using dendrons as the hydrophobic block, we could precisely tune the lipophilicity of the nanoreactors, which allowed us to reveal linear correlations between the rate constants and the hydrophobicity of the amphiphiles (estimated by the dendron's cLog P). While exponential dependence was obtained for the lipophilicity of the substrates, a similar degree of rate acceleration was observed due to the increase in the hydrophobicity of the amphiphiles regardless of the effect of the substrate's log P. Our results demonstrate that while increasing the hydrophobicity of the substrates may be used to accelerate reaction rates, tuning the hydrophobicity of the micellar nanoreactors can serve as a vital tool for further optimization of the reactivity and selectivity of nanoreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Tevet
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Tel-Aviv
University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Shreyas S. Wagle
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Tel-Aviv
University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gadi Slor
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Tel-Aviv
University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roey J. Amir
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Tel-Aviv
University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Blavatnik
Center for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- ADAMA
Center for Novel Delivery Systems in Crop Protection, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The
Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
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32
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Xiong TM, Garcia ES, Chen J, Zhu L, Alzona AJ, Zimmerman SC. Enzyme-like catalysis by single chain nanoparticles that use transition metal cofactors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:985-988. [PMID: 34935784 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05578j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report a modular approach in which a noncovalently cross-linked single chain nanoparticle (SCNP) selectively binds catalyst "cofactors" and substrates to increase both the catalytic activity of a Cu-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction and the Ru-catalyzed cleavage of allylcarbamate groups compared to the free catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao M Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Edzna S Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Lingyang Zhu
- NMR Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, USA
| | - Ariale J Alzona
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Steven C Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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33
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Zhang B, Bai S, Chao X, Wu T, Chen Z, Cheng Z, Xiao Y, Zhang K, Bai Y. Molecularly pure miktoarm spherical nucleic acids: preparation and usage as a scaffold for abiotic intracellular catalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15843-15848. [PMID: 35024108 PMCID: PMC8672723 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04833c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a fullerene-based strategy that allows the synthesis of molecularly pure miktoarm spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) with diverse structures, which, with post-functionalization, could serve as efficient scaffolds for intracellular catalysis. The SNA structure promotes cell permeability, nucleic acid stability, and catalytic efficiency, making the platform ideal for in cellulo reactions. Consequently, the tris(triazole)-bearing miktoarm SNA was able to effectively mediate intracellular copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition at nanomolar level of copper, and facilitate the same reaction in live zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Silei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Xiangyu Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Zehong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Yue Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Ke Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Yugang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
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34
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Muzulu J, Basu A. Detection of ligand binding to glycopolymers using saturation transfer difference NMR. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21934-21940. [PMID: 34568885 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03410c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the use of saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy to observe the interaction of various phenylboronic acids (PBAs) with synthetic glycopolymers presenting galactose and glucose. After optimizing experimental parameters to maximize spin diffusion within the glycopolymers, STD NMR experiments were successfully used to detect binding of PBAs to the polymers. Amplification factor build-up curves in conjunction with differential epitope mapping experiments were used to generate an epitope map for the bound boronic acids. STD NMR was also used to detect the interaction between indole and a galactosylated glycopolymer, providing an indole-based view of this CH-π interaction, a common binding motif in carbohydrate recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Muzulu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Amit Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence RI, 02912, USA.
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35
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Wang W, Zhang X, Huang R, Hirschbiegel CM, Wang H, Ding Y, Rotello VM. In situ activation of therapeutics through bioorthogonal catalysis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113893. [PMID: 34333074 PMCID: PMC8440397 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry refers to any chemical reactions that can occur inside of living systems without interfering with native biochemical processes, which has become a promising strategy for modulating biological processes. The development of synthetic metal-based catalysts to perform bioorthogonal reactions has significantly expanded the toolkit of bioorthogonal chemistry for medicinal chemistry and synthetic biology. A wide range of homogeneous and heterogeneous transition metal catalysts (TMCs) have been reported, mediating different transformations such as cycloaddition reactions, as well as bond forming and cleaving reactions. However, the direct application of 'naked' TMCs in complex biological media poses numerous challenges, including poor water solubility, toxicity and catalyst deactivation. Incorporating TMCs into nanomaterials to create bioorthogonal nanocatalysts can solubilize and stabilize catalyst molecules, with the decoration of the nanocatalysts used to provide spatiotemporal control of catalysis. This review presents an overview of the advances in the creation of bioorthogonal nanocatalysts, highlighting different choice of nano-scaffolds, and the therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xianzhi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | - Huaisong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ya Ding
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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36
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Roos AH, Hoffmann JF, Binder WH, Hinderberger D. Nanoscale structure and dynamics of thermoresponsive single-chain nanoparticles investigated by EPR spectroscopy. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:7032-7037. [PMID: 34251013 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00582k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We characterize temperature-dependent macroscopic and nanoscopic phase transitions and nanoscopic pre-transitions of water-soluble single chain nanoparticles (SCNPs). The studied SCNPs are based on polymers displaying lower-critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior and show nanoscale compartmentation. SCNPs are amenable to continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW EPR) spectroscopy to study how amphiphilic, non-covalently added nitroxide spin probes or covalently attached spin labels sample their environment concerning nanoscale structures (polarity, hydrophilicity/-phobicity) and dynamics. These SCNPs are formed through single-chain collapse and have been shown to have nanosized compartments that are rigidified during the crosslinking process. We analyze the temperature-dependent phase transitions of spin-labeled SCNPs by rigorous spectral simulations of a series of multicomponent EPR-spectra that derive from the nanoinhomogeneities (1) that are due to the single-chain compartmentation in SCNPs and (2) the transformation upon temperature change due to the LCST behavior. These transitions of the SCNPs and their respective polymer precursors can be monitored and understood on the nanoscale by following EPR-spectroscopic parameters like hyperfine couplings that depend on the surrounding solvent molecules or Heisenberg spin exchange between small molecule spin probes or covalently attached spin labels in the nanocompartments. In particular, for one SCNP, we find an interesting behavior that we ascribe to the properties of the nanosized inner core with continuous effects before and jump-like changes after the macroscopic thermal collapse, indicating highly efficient desolvation and compaction upon an increase in temperature and aggregation of individual nanoparticles above the collapse temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas H Roos
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Justus F Hoffmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Gutiérrez-González A, Destito P, Couceiro JR, Pérez-González C, López F, Mascareñas JL. Bioorthogonal Azide-Thioalkyne Cycloaddition Catalyzed by Photoactivatable Ruthenium(II) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16059-16066. [PMID: 33971072 PMCID: PMC9545742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tailored ruthenium sandwich complexes bearing photoresponsive arene ligands can efficiently promote azide–thioalkyne cycloaddition (RuAtAC) when irradiated with UV light. The reactions can be performed in a bioorthogonal manner in aqueous mixtures containing biological components. The strategy can also be applied for the selective modification of biopolymers, such as DNA or peptides. Importantly, this ruthenium‐based technology and the standard copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) proved to be compatible and mutually orthogonal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gutiérrez-González
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paolo Destito
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José R Couceiro
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cibran Pérez-González
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando López
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 36080, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - José L Mascareñas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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38
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Gutiérrez‐González A, Destito P, Couceiro JR, Pérez‐González C, López F, Mascareñas JL. Bioorthogonal Azide–Thioalkyne Cycloaddition Catalyzed by Photoactivatable Ruthenium(II) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gutiérrez‐González
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Paolo Destito
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - José R. Couceiro
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Cibran Pérez‐González
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Fernando López
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Misión Biológica de Galicia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) 36080 Pontevedra Spain
| | - José L. Mascareñas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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39
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Man Ngo F, Tse ECM. Bioinorganic Platforms for Sensing, Biomimicry, and Energy Catalysis. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fung Man Ngo
- Department of Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory, HKU Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, Zhejiang 311305, P. R. China
| | - Edmund C. M. Tse
- Department of Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Advanced Functional Materials Laboratory, HKU Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, Zhejiang 311305, P. R. China
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40
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Click chemistry strategies for the accelerated synthesis of functional macromolecules. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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41
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Scinto SL, Bilodeau DA, Hincapie R, Lee W, Nguyen SS, Xu M, am Ende CW, Finn MG, Lang K, Lin Q, Pezacki JP, Prescher JA, Robillard MS, Fox JM. Bioorthogonal chemistry. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2021; 1:30. [PMID: 34585143 PMCID: PMC8469592 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-021-00028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry represents a class of high-yielding chemical reactions that proceed rapidly and selectively in biological environments without side reactions towards endogenous functional groups. Rooted in the principles of physical organic chemistry, bioorthogonal reactions are intrinsically selective transformations not commonly found in biology. Key reactions include native chemical ligation and the Staudinger ligation, copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, strain-promoted [3 + 2] reactions, tetrazine ligation, metal-catalysed coupling reactions, oxime and hydrazone ligations as well as photoinducible bioorthogonal reactions. Bioorthogonal chemistry has significant overlap with the broader field of 'click chemistry' - high-yielding reactions that are wide in scope and simple to perform, as recently exemplified by sulfuryl fluoride exchange chemistry. The underlying mechanisms of these transformations and their optimal conditions are described in this Primer, followed by discussion of how bioorthogonal chemistry has become essential to the fields of biomedical imaging, medicinal chemistry, protein synthesis, polymer science, materials science and surface science. The applications of bioorthogonal chemistry are diverse and include genetic code expansion and metabolic engineering, drug target identification, antibody-drug conjugation and drug delivery. This Primer describes standards for reproducibility and data deposition, outlines how current limitations are driving new research directions and discusses new opportunities for applying bioorthogonal chemistry to emerging problems in biology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L. Scinto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Didier A. Bilodeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Robert Hincapie
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Wankyu Lee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Sean S. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Minghao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | | | - M. G. Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathrin Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Prescher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Joseph M. Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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42
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Chang T, Vong K, Yamamoto T, Tanaka K. Prodrug Activation by Gold Artificial Metalloenzyme‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Phenanthridinium Derivatives via Hydroamination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12446-12454. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung‐Che Chang
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kenward Vong
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- GlycoTargeting Research Laboratory RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamamoto
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- GlycoTargeting Research Laboratory RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
- Biofunctional Chemical Laboratory, A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University 18 Kremlyovskaya Street 420008 Kazan Russia
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43
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Chang T, Vong K, Yamamoto T, Tanaka K. Prodrug Activation by Gold Artificial Metalloenzyme‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Phenanthridinium Derivatives via Hydroamination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung‐Che Chang
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kenward Vong
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- GlycoTargeting Research Laboratory RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamamoto
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- GlycoTargeting Research Laboratory RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
- Biofunctional Chemical Laboratory, A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University 18 Kremlyovskaya Street 420008 Kazan Russia
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44
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Hoffmann JF, Roos AH, Schmitt FJ, Hinderberger D, Binder WH. Fluorescent and Water Dispersible Single-Chain Nanoparticles: Core-Shell Structured Compartmentation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7820-7827. [PMID: 33373475 PMCID: PMC8048794 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) are highly versatile structures resembling proteins, able to function as catalysts or biomedical delivery systems. Based on their synthesis by single-chain collapse into nanoparticular systems, their internal structure is complex, resulting in nanosized domains preformed during the crosslinking process. In this study we present proof of such nanocompartments within SCNPs via a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and fluorescence spectroscopy. A novel strategy to encapsulate labels within these water dispersible SCNPs with hydrodynamic radii of ≈5 nm is presented, based on amphiphilic polymers with additional covalently bound labels, attached via the copper catalyzed azide/alkyne "click" reaction (CuAAC). A detailed profile of the interior of the SCNPs and the labels' microenvironment was obtained via electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments, followed by an assessment of their photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus F Hoffmann
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas H Roos
- Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Schmitt
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
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45
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Barbee MH, Wright ZM, Allen BP, Taylor HF, Patteson EF, Knight AS. Protein-Mimetic Self-Assembly with Synthetic Macromolecules. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith H. Barbee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zoe M. Wright
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Hailey F. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Emily F. Patteson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Abigail S. Knight
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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46
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Zhang X, Landis RF, Keshri P, Cao-Milán R, Luther DC, Gopalakrishnan S, Liu Y, Huang R, Li G, Malassiné M, Uddin I, Rondon B, Rotello VM. Intracellular Activation of Anticancer Therapeutics Using Polymeric Bioorthogonal Nanocatalysts. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001627. [PMID: 33314745 PMCID: PMC7933084 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal catalysis provides a promising strategy for imaging and therapeutic applications, providing controlled in situ activation of pro-dyes and prodrugs. In this work, the use of a polymeric scaffold to encapsulate transition metal catalysts (TMCs), generating bioorthogonal "polyzymes," is presented. These polyzymes enhance the stability of TMCs, protecting the catalytic centers from deactivation in biological media. The therapeutic potential of these polyzymes is demonstrated by the transformation of a nontoxic prodrug to an anticancer drug (mitoxantrone), leading to the cancer cell death in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Ryan F Landis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Puspam Keshri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Roberto Cao-Milán
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - David C Luther
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Sanjana Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yuanchang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Gengtan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Morgane Malassiné
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, 68200, France
| | - Imad Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, Pakistan
| | - Brayan Rondon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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47
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Hoffmann JF, Roos AH, Schmitt F, Hinderberger D, Binder WH. Fluorescent and Water Dispersible Single‐Chain Nanoparticles: Core–Shell Structured Compartmentation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justus F. Hoffmann
- Macromolecular Chemistry Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics) Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Andreas H. Roos
- Physical Chemistry Institute of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics) Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Franz‐Josef Schmitt
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics) Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg von-Danckelmann-Platz 3 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Physical Chemistry Institute of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics) Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Macromolecular Chemistry Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics) Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 06120 Halle Germany
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48
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Blazquez-Martín A, Verde-Sesto E, Moreno AJ, Arbe A, Colmenero J, Pomposo JA. Advances in the Multi-Orthogonal Folding of Single Polymer Chains into Single-Chain Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:293. [PMID: 33477597 PMCID: PMC7831314 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The folding of certain proteins (e.g., enzymes) into perfectly defined 3D conformations via multi-orthogonal interactions is critical to their function. Concerning synthetic polymers chains, the "folding" of individual polymer chains at high dilution via intra-chain interactions leads to so-called single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs). This review article describes the advances carried out in recent years in the folding of single polymer chains into discrete SCNPs via multi-orthogonal interactions using different reactive chemical species where intra-chain bonding only occurs between groups of the same species. First, we summarize results from computer simulations of multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs. Next, we comprehensively review multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs synthesized via either non-covalent bonds or covalent interactions. Finally, we conclude by summarizing recent research about multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs prepared through both reversible (dynamic) and permanent bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Blazquez-Martín
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (E.V.-S.); (A.J.M.); (A.A.); (J.C.)
| | - Ester Verde-Sesto
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (E.V.-S.); (A.J.M.); (A.A.); (J.C.)
| | - Angel J. Moreno
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (E.V.-S.); (A.J.M.); (A.A.); (J.C.)
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Arantxa Arbe
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (E.V.-S.); (A.J.M.); (A.A.); (J.C.)
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Juan Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (E.V.-S.); (A.J.M.); (A.A.); (J.C.)
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 1072, E-20800 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José A. Pomposo
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (E.V.-S.); (A.J.M.); (A.A.); (J.C.)
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 1072, E-20800 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE—Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, E-48009 Bilbao, Spain
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Destito P, Vidal C, López F, Mascareñas JL. Transition Metal‐Promoted Reactions in Aqueous Media and Biological Settings. Chemistry 2021; 27:4789-4816. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Destito
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Cristian Vidal
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Fernando López
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC) Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - José L. Mascareñas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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50
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Garcia ES, Xiong TM, Lifschitz A, Zimmerman SC. Tandem catalysis using an enzyme and a polymeric ruthenium-based artificial metalloenzyme. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01255j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Ru-containing single-chain nanoparticle (SCNP) performs allylcarbamate cleavage reactions in biologically relevant environments more efficiently than free catalyst and works in synergy with a natural enzyme to perform tandem catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edzna S. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Thao M. Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Abygail Lifschitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Steven C. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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