1
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Khamrui R, Mukherjee A, Ghosh S. Hydrogen-Bonding-Regulated Morphology Control and the Impact on the Antibacterial Activity of Cationic π-Amphiphiles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13870-13878. [PMID: 38917360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the synthesis, self-assembly, and antibacterial properties of naphthalene-diimide (NDI)-derived cationic π-amphiphiles. Three such asymmetric NDI derivatives with a nonionic hydrophilic wedge and a guanidine group in the two opposite sides of the NDI chromophore were considered. They differ by a single functional group (hydrazide, amide, and ester for NDI-1, NDI-2, and NDI-3, respectively), located in the linker between the NDI and the hydrophilic wedge. For NDI-1, the H-bonding among the hydrazides regulated unilateral stacking and a preferential direction of curvature of the resulting supramolecular polymer, producing an unsymmetric polymersome with the guanidinium groups displayed at the outer surface. NDI-3, lacking any H-bonding group, exhibits π-stacking without any preferential orientation and generates spherical particles with a relatively poor display of the guanidium groups. In sharp contrast to NDI-1, NDI-2 exhibits an entangled one-dimensional (1D) fibrillar morphology, indicating the prominent role of the H-bonding motif of the amide group and flexibility of the linker. The antibacterial activity of these assemblies was probed against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative). NDI-1 showed the most promising antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ∼7.8 μg/mL against S. aureus and moderate activity (MIC ∼ 125 μg/mL) against E. coli. In sharp contrast, NDI-3 did not show any significant activity against the bacteria, suggesting a strong impact of the H-bonding-regulated directional assembly. NDI-2, forming a fibrillar network, showed moderate activity against S. aureus and negligible activity against E. coli, highlighting a significant impact of the morphology. All of these three molecules were found to be compatible with mammalian cells from the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and hemolysis assay. The mechanistic investigation by membrane polarization assay, live/dead fluorescence assay, and microscopy studies confirmed the membrane disruption mechanism of cell killing for the lead candidate NDI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Khamrui
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arunima Mukherjee
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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2
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Rijns L, Baker MB, Dankers PYW. Using Chemistry To Recreate the Complexity of the Extracellular Matrix: Guidelines for Supramolecular Hydrogel-Cell Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17539-17558. [PMID: 38888174 PMCID: PMC11229007 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels have emerged as a promising class of extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking materials in regenerative medicine. Here, we briefly describe current state-of-the-art of ECM-mimicking hydrogels, ranging from natural to hybrid to completely synthetic versions, giving the prelude to the importance of supramolecular interactions to make true ECM mimics. The potential of supramolecular interactions to create ECM mimics for cell culture is illustrated through a focus on two different supramolecular hydrogel systems, both developed in our laboratories. We use some recent, significant findings to present important design principles underlying the cell-material interaction. To achieve cell spreading, we propose that slow molecular dynamics (monomer exchange within fibers) is crucial to ensure the robust incorporation of cell adhesion ligands within supramolecular fibers. Slow bulk dynamics (stress-relaxation─fiber rearrangements, τ1/2 ≈ 1000 s) is required to achieve cell spreading in soft gels (<1 kPa), while gel stiffness overrules dynamics in stiffer gels. Importantly, this resonates with the findings of others which specialize in different material types: cell spreading is impaired in case substrate relaxation occurs faster than clutch binding and focal adhesion lifetime. We conclude with discussing considerations and limitations of the supramolecular approach as well as provide a forward thinking perspective to further understand supramolecular hydrogel-cell interactions. Future work may utilize the presented guidelines underlying cell-material interactions to not only arrive at the next generation of ECM-mimicking hydrogels but also advance other fields, such as bioelectronics, opening up new opportunities for innovative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rijns
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew B. Baker
- Department
of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology
Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht
University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y. W. Dankers
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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3
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Zhang JA, Chao Y, Xiao X, Luo S, Chen W, Tian W. Self-Adaptive Aromatic Cation-π Driven Dimensional Polymorphism in Supramolecular Polymers for the Photocatalytic Oxidation and Separation of Aromatic/Cyclic Aliphatic Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402760. [PMID: 38483296 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The phenomenon of polymorphism is ubiquitous in nature, the controlled manipulation of which not only increases our ontological understanding of nature but also facilitates the conceptualization and realization of novel functional materials. However, achieving targeted polymorphism in supramolecular assemblies (SAs) remains a formidable challenge, largely because of the constraints inherent in controlling the specific binding motifs of noncovalent interactions. Herein, we propose self-adaptive aromatic cation-π binding motifs to construct polymorphic SAs in both the solid and solution states. Using distinct discrete cation-π-cation and long-range cation-π binding motifs enables control of the self-assembly directionality of a C2h-symmetric bifunctional monomer, resulting in the successful formation of both two-dimensional and three-dimensional crystalline SAs (2D-CSA and 3D-CSA). The differences in the molecular packing of 3D-CSA compared with that of 2D-CSA significantly improve the charge separation and carrier mobility, leading to enhanced photocatalytic activity for the aerobic oxidation of thioanisole to methyl phenyl sulfoxide (yield of 99 % vs 57 %). 2D-CSA, which has a vertical extended structure with favorable stronger interaction with toluene though face-to-face cation-π interactions than methylcyclohexane, shows higher toluene/methylcyclohexane separation efficiency than 3D-CSA (96.9 % for 2D-CSA vs 56.3 % for 3D-CSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-An Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yi Chao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xuedong Xiao
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wenzhuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian-yang, 712046, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
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4
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Ulrich HF, Gruschwitz FV, Klein T, Ziegenbalg N, Anh DTN, Fujii S, Hoeppener S, Sakurai K, Brendel JC. Influence of Polymer Side Chain Size and Backbone Length on the Self-Assembly of Supramolecular Polymer Bottlebrushes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400160. [PMID: 38446081 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonds are a versatile tool for creating fibrous, bottlebrush-like assemblies of polymeric building blocks. However, a delicate balance of forces exists between the steric repulsion of the polymer chains and these directed supramolecular forces. In this work we have systematically investigated the influence of structural parameters of the attached polymers on the assembly behaviour of benzene trisurea (BTU) and benzene tris(phenylalanine) (BTP) conjugates in water. Polymers with increasing main chain lengths and different side chain sizes were prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization of hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), tri(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (TEGA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (OEGA). The resulting structures were analyzed using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both BTU and BTP formed fibres with PHEA attached, but a transition to spherical morphologies was observed at degrees of polymerisation (DP) of 70 and above. Overall, the main chain length appeared to be a dominating factor in inducing morphology transitions. Increasing the side chain size generally had a similar effect but mainly impeded any aggregation as is the case of POEGA. Interestingly, BTP conjugates still formed fibres, suggesting that the stronger intermolecular interactions can compensate partially for the steric repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans F Ulrich
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Franka V Gruschwitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Klein
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Ziegenbalg
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Doan Thi Ngoc Anh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Current address, Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth
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5
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Zhao C, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Wu N, Wang H, Li T, Ouyang G, Liu M. Handedness-Inverted and Stimuli-Responsive Circularly Polarized Luminescent Nano/Micromaterials Through Pathway-Dependent Chiral Supramolecular Polymorphism. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403329. [PMID: 38625749 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The precise manipulation of supramolecular polymorphs has been widely applied to control the morphologies and functions of self-assemblies, but is rarely utilized for the fabrication of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials with tailored properties. Here, this work reports that an amphiphilic naphthalene-histidine compound (NIHis) readily self-assembled into distinct chiral nanostructures through pathway-dependent supramolecular polymorphism, which shows opposite and multistimuli responsive CPL signals. Specifically, NIHis display assembly-induced CPL from the polymorphic keto tautomer, which become predominant during enol-keto tautomerization shifting controlled by a bulk solvent effect. Interestingly, chiral polymorphs of nanofiber and microbelt with inverted CPL signals can be prepared from the same NIHis monomer in exactly the same solvent compositions and concentrations by only changing the temperature. The tunable CPL performance of the solid microbelts is realized under multi external physical or chemical stimuli including grinding, acid fuming, and heating. In particular, an emission color and CPL on-off switch based on the microbelt polymorph by reversible heating-cooling protocol is developed. This work brings a new approach for developing smart CPL materials via supramolecular polymorphism engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhao
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 North First Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 North First Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ningning Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 North First Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hanxiao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 North First Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 North First Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guanghui Ouyang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 North First Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 North First Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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6
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Khanra P, Rajdev P, Das A. Seed-Induced Living Two-Dimensional (2D) Supramolecular Polymerization in Water: Implications on Protein Adsorption and Enzyme Inhibition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400486. [PMID: 38265331 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In biological systems, programmable supramolecular frameworks characterized by coordinated directional non-covalent interactions are widespread. However, only a small number of reports involve pure water-based dynamic supramolecular assembly of artificial π-amphiphiles, primarily due to the formidable challenge of counteracting the strong hydrophobic dominance of the π-surface in water, leading to undesired kinetic traps. This study reveals the pathway complexity in hydrogen-bonding-mediated supramolecular polymerization of an amide-functionalized naphthalene monoimide (NMI) building block with a hydrophilic oligo-oxyethylene (OE) wedge. O-NMI-2 initially produced entropically driven, collapsed spherical particles in water (Agg-1); however, over a span of 72 h, these metastable Agg-1 gradually transformed into two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets (Agg-2), favoured by both entropy and enthalpy contributions. The intricate self-assembly pathways in O-NMI-2 enable us to explore seed-induced living supramolecular polymerization (LSP) in water for controlled synthesis of monolayered 2D assemblies. Furthermore, we demonstrated the nonspecific surface adsorption of a model enzyme, serine protease α-Chymotrypsin (α-ChT), and consequently the enzyme activity, which could be regulated by controlling the morphological transformation of O-NMI-2 from Agg-1 to Agg-2. We delve into the thermodynamic aspects of such shape-dependent protein-surface interactions and unravel the impact of seed-induced LSP on temporally controlling the catalytic activity of α-ChT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Khanra
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Priya Rajdev
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Anindita Das
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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7
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Guo Y, Li L, Huang S, Sun H, Shao Y, Li Z, Song F. Exploring Linker-Group-Guided Self-Assembly of Ultrathin 2D Supramolecular Nanosheets in Water for Synergistic Cancer Phototherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:54851-54862. [PMID: 37968254 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Water is ubiquitous in natural systems where it builds an essential environment supporting biological supramolecular polymers to function, transport, and exchange. However, this extreme polar environment becomes a hindrance for the superhydrophobic functional π-conjugated molecules, causing significant negative impacts on regulating their aggregation pathways, structures, and properties of the subsequently assembled nanomaterials. It especially makes the self-assembly of ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) functional nanomaterials by π-conjugated molecules a grand challenge in water, although ultrathin 2D functional nanomaterials have exhibited unique and superior properties. Herein, we demonstrate the organic solvent-free self-assembly of one-molecule-thick 2D nanosheets based on exploring how side chain modifications rule the aggregation behaviors of π-conjugated macrocycles in water. Through an in-depth understanding of the roles of linking groups for side chains on affecting the aggregation behaviors of porphyrins in water, the regulation of molecular arrangement in the aggregated state (H- or J-type aggregation) was attained. Moreover, by arranging ionic porphyrins into 2D single layers through J-aggregation, the ultrathin nanosheets (thickness ≈ 2 nm) with excellent solubility and stability were self-assembled in pure water, which demonstrated both outstanding 1O2 generation and photothermal capability. The ultrathin nanosheets were further investigated as metal- and carrier-free nanodrugs for synergetic phototherapies of cancers both in vitro and in vivo, which are highly desirable by combining the advantages and avoiding the disadvantages of the single use of PDT or PTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Guo
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Lukun Li
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Shuheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Han Sun
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yutong Shao
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Zhiliang Li
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Fengling Song
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
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8
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Qi S, Lu X, Mei W, Gu G, Li W, Zhang A. Supramolecular assembly of dendronized spiropyrans in aqueous solutions into nanospheres with photo- and thermo-responsive chiralities. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18053-18067. [PMID: 37916417 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03729k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the amphiphilicity of a molecule through external stimuli can alter the balance between self-association and repulsion, resulting in different propensities for its assembly. Here we report on the supramolecular assembly of a series of dendronized spiropyrans (DSPs) in water. These DSPs carry 3-fold dendritic oligoethylene glycols (OEGs) with either methoxyl or ethoxyl terminals for different hydrophilicities, and contain an Ala-Gly dipeptide to provide the chirality. These dendronized amphiphiles form supramolecular nanospheres in aqueous solutions with remarkable induced chirality to a level of 1.0 × 106 deg cm2 dmol-1. They can be tuned reversibly through photoisomerization of the spiropyran moieties from the hydrophobic SP form into the hydrophilic MC form, and can even become chirally silent through thermally mediated collapse of the dendritic OEGs. Photoisomerization of the spiropyran moieties in these DSPs is accompanied by simultaneous changes of UV absorption, fluorescence emission, supramolecular chirality and aqueous solution colors. These supramolecular nanospheres exhibit characteristic thermoresponsive behavior due to thermal collapse of the dendritic OEGs with their cloud point temperatures (Tcps) being dependent on the overall hydrophilicity of the molecules and also the aggregate morphologies resulting from how dendritic OEGs are wrapped around the aggregates. Both photo-irradiation-mediated isomerization of the spiropyran moieties and thermally mediated dehydration and collapse of the dendritic OEGs influence the amphiphilicity of these DSPs and their solvation by water, leading to varied driving forces for their assembly. NMR, circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques, as well as DLS and AFM techniques are combined to follow the supramolecular assembly and illustrate the aggregation mechanism. All experimental results demonstrate that the reversible chirality of the aggregates originates from the balance between dendritic OEGs and spiropyran moieties against water solvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanbin Qi
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Xueting Lu
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Wenli Mei
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Guanglei Gu
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Wen Li
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Afang Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
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9
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Isobe A, Kajitani T, Yagai S. A Coformer Approach for Supramolecular Polymerization at High Concentrations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312516. [PMID: 37737030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Insolubility of functional molecules caused by polymorphism sometimes poses limitations for their solution-based processing. Such a situation can also occur in the preparation processes of supramolecular polymers formed in a solution. An effective strategy to address this issue is to prepare amorphous solid states by introducing a "coformer" molecule capable of inhibiting the formation of an insoluble polymorph through co-aggregation. Herein, inspired by the coformer approach, we demonstrated a solubility enhancement of a barbiturate π-conjugated compound that can supramolecularly polymerize through six-membered hydrogen-bonded rosettes. Our newly synthesized supramolecular coformer molecule features a sterically demanding methyl group in the π-conjugated unit of the parent molecule. Although the parent molecule exhibits low solubility in nonpolar solvents due to the formation of a crystalline polymorph comprising a tape-like hydrogen-bonded array prior to the supramolecular polymerization, mixing with the coformer compound enhanced the solubility by inhibiting mesoscopic organization of the tapes. The two monomers were then co-polymerized into desired helicoidal supramolecular polymers through the formation of heteromeric rosettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Isobe
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, 263-8522, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- TC College Promotion Office, Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, 226-8503, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research (IAAR), Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, 263-8522, Chiba, Japan
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10
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Zhang J, Lu X, Li W, Zhang A. Dual-Responsive Supramolecular Chiral Assemblies from Amphiphilic Dendronized Tetraphenylethylenes. Molecules 2023; 28:6580. [PMID: 37764356 PMCID: PMC10537776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular assembly of amphiphilic molecules in aqueous solutions to form stimuli-responsive entities is attractive for developing intelligent supramolecular materials for bioapplications. Here we report on the supramolecular chiral assembly of amphiphilic dendronized tetraphenylethylenes (TPEs) in aqueous solutions. Hydrophobic TPE moieties were connected to the hydrophilic three-fold dendritic oligoethylene glycols (OEGs) through a tripeptide proline-hydroxyproline-glycol (POG) to afford the characteristic topological structural effects of dendritic OEGs and the peptide linker. Both ethoxyl- and methoxyl-terminated dendritic OEGs were used to modulate the overall hydrophilicity of the dendronized TPEs. Their supramolecular aggregates exhibited thermoresponsive behavior that originated from the dehydration and collapse of the dendritic OEGs, and their cloud point temperatures (Tcps) were tailored by solution pH conditions. Furthermore, aggregation-induced fluorescent emission (AIE) from TPE moieties was used as an indicator to follow the assembly, which was reversibly tuned by temperature variation at different pH conditions. Supramolecular assemblies from these dendronized amphiphiles exhibited enhanced supramolecular chirality, which was dominated mainly by the interaction balance between TPE with dendritic OEG and TPE with POG moieties and was modulated through different solvation by changing solution temperature or pH conditions. More interestingly, ethoxyl-terminated dendritic OEG provided a much stronger shielding effect than its methoxyl-terminated counterpart to prevent amino groups within the peptide from protonation, even in strong acidic conditions, resulting in different responsive behavior to the solution temperature and pH conditions for these supramolecular aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wen Li
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Afang Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China
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11
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Arjariya R, Kaur G, Sen S, Verma S, Lackinger M, Gopakumar TG. Kinetic versus thermodynamic polymorph stabilization of a tri-carboxylic acid derivative at the solid-liquid interface. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:13393-13401. [PMID: 37539991 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02031b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The carboxylic acid moiety gives rise to structural variability in surface-supported self-assembly due to the common expression of various H-bonding motifs. Self-assembly of 3-fold symmetric tricarboxylic acid derivatives on surfaces typically results in monolayer structures that feature the common 2-fold cyclic R22(8) H-bond motif for at least one of the carboxylic acid groups. Polymorphs that are exclusively based on 3-fold cyclic R33(12) H-bonds were predicted but remained elusive. Here, we show the emergence of such a superflower (SF) structure purely based on R33(12) H-bonds for L-benzene-1,3,5-tricarbonyl phenylalanine (L-BTA), a molecule derived from the well-studied trimesic acid (TMA). In contrast to TMA, L-BTA is not completely planar and is also equipped with additional functional groups for the formation of secondary intermolecular bonds. At the heptanoic acid-graphite interface we transiently observe a SF structure, which is dynamically converted into a chicken-wire structure that only exhibits R22(8) H-bonds. Interestingly, when using nonanoic acid as a solvent the initially formed SF structure remained stable. This unexpected behaviour is rationalized by accompanying force field simulations and experimental determination of solvent-dependent L-BTA solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Arjariya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP-208016, India.
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC-20059, USA
| | - Shantanu Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP-208016, India.
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP-208016, India.
- Center for Nanoscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP-208016, India
| | - Markus Lackinger
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, Garching 85748, Germany
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, Munich 80538, Germany
| | - Thiruvancheril G Gopakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP-208016, India.
- Center for Nanoscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP-208016, India
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12
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Jun T, Park H, Kim J, Lee W, Ahn H, Jang WD, Lee B, Ryu DY. Impact of peripheral alkyl chain length on mesocrystal assemblies of G2 dendrons. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:9069-9075. [PMID: 37158020 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01243c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Unique sphere-packing mesophases such as Frank-Kasper (FK) phases have emerged from the viable design of intermolecular interactions in supramolecular assemblies. Herein, a series of Cn-G2-CONH2 dendrons possessing an identical core wedge are investigated to elucidate the impact of peripheral alkyl chain lengths (Cn) on the formation of the close-packed structures. The C18 and C14 dendrons, of which the contour lengths of the periphery Lp are longer than the wedge length Lw, assemble into a uniform sphere-packing phase such as body-centred cubic (BCC), whereas the C8 dendron with short (Lp < Lw) corona environment forms the FK A15 phase. Particularly in the intermediate C12 and C10 dendrons (Lp ≈ Lw), cooling the samples from an isotropic state leads to cooling-rate-dependent phase behaviours. The C12 dendron produces two structures of hexagonal columnar and sphere-packing phases (BCC and A15), while the C10 dendron generates the A15 and σ phases by the fast- and slow-cooling processes, respectively. Our results show the impact of peripheral alkyl chain lengths on the formation of mesocrystal phases, where the energy landscape of the dendrons at Lp/Lw ≈ 1 must be more complex and delicate than those with either longer or shorter peripheral alkyl chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesuk Jun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Hyunjun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Junsu Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Wooseop Lee
- Industry Technology Convergence Centre, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 80 Jigok-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Industry Technology Convergence Centre, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 80 Jigok-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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13
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Thomas M, Lewe V, Kölsch J, Urschbach M, Erlenbusch J, Stach OS, Besenius P. Impact of sample history and solvent effects on pathway control in the supramolecular polymerisation of Au(i)-metallopeptide amphiphiles. Polym Chem 2023; 14:1888-1892. [PMID: 37124957 PMCID: PMC10127225 DOI: 10.1039/d3py00053b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the kinetics of the supramolecular polymerisation of an Au(i)-metallopeptide amphiphile that assembles into exceptionally long and rigid nanofibers. We developed a precise preparation protocol to measure the concentration dependent assembly kinetics which elucidated a nucleation-elongation dominated supramolecular polymerisation process. We show striking differences in the assembly behavior and morphology in aqueous media, even at organic solvent contents as low as 1 vol%, compared to pure buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Vanessa Lewe
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
- Graduate School of Materials Science in Mainz Staudingerweg 9 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jonas Kölsch
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Moritz Urschbach
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jessica Erlenbusch
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Oliver Sven Stach
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Pol Besenius
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
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14
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Versatile functionalization of pectic conjugate: From design to biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 306:120605. [PMID: 36746571 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pectin exists extensively in nature and has attracted much attention in biological applications for its unique chemical and physical characteristics. Functionalized pectin, especially pectic conjugates, has given many possibilities for pectin to improve its properties and bioactivity as well as to deliver active molecules. To better exploit this strategy of pectic functionalization, this review presents in detail the structural modifications of pectin, different synthetic methods, and design strategies of pectic conjugates involving both traditional chemical and "green" approaches. Here, the research ideas and applications of pectic prodrugs as well as the development of preparation based on pectic conjugates are reviewed, with emphasis on crosslinking systems of functionalized pectin and nanosystems based on self-assembly techniques. We hope this review will provide comprehensive and valuable information for the functionalization and systematization of the pectic conjugate from synthesis to application.
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15
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Venugopal A, Ruiz-Perez L, Swamynathan K, Kulkarni C, Calò A, Kumar M. Caught in Action: Visualizing Dynamic Nanostructures Within Supramolecular Systems Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202208681. [PMID: 36469792 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular systems chemistry has been an area of active research to develop nanomaterials with life-like functions. Progress in systems chemistry relies on our ability to probe the nanostructure formation in solution. Often visualizing the dynamics of nanostructures which transform over time is a formidable challenge. This necessitates a paradigm shift from dry sample imaging towards solution-based techniques. We review the application of state-of-the-art techniques for real-time, in situ visualization of dynamic self-assembly processes. We present how solution-based techniques namely optical super-resolution microscopy, solution-state atomic force microscopy, liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations and other emerging techniques are revolutionizing our understanding of active and adaptive nanomaterials with life-like functions. This Review provides the visualization toolbox and futuristic vision to tap the potential of dynamic nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Venugopal
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Calle Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Ruiz-Perez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Calle Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Swamynathan
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore-560080, India.,Department of Chemistry, NITTE Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Chidambar Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Annalisa Calò
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Calle Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Calle Marti i Fraquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Calle Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Calle Marti i Fraquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Hupfer ML, Dellith J, Seyring M, Diegel M, Dellith A, Ghosh S, Rettenmayr M, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Presselt M. Bifacial Dye Membranes: Ultrathin and Free-Standing although not Being Covalently Bound. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204874. [PMID: 36300596 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Layers of aligned dyes are key to photo-driven charge separation in dye sensitized solar cells, but cannot be exploited as rectifying membranes in photocatalysis to separate half-cells because they are not sufficiently stable. While impressive work on the fabrication of stable noncovalent membranes has been recently demonstrated, these membranes are inherently suffering from non-uniform orientation of the constituting dyes. To stabilize layers made from uniformly assembled and aligned dyes, they can be covalently cross-linked via functional groups or via chromophores at the expense of their optical properties. Here stable membranes from established dyes are reported that do not need to be elaborately functionalized nor do their chromophores need to be destroyed. These membranes are free-standing, although being only non-covalently linked. To enable uniform dye-alignment, Langmuir layers made from linear, water-insoluble dyes are used. That water-soluble charge transfer dyes adsorb onto and intercalate into the Langmuir layer from the aqueous subphase, thus yielding free-standing, molecularly thin membranes are demonstrated. The developed bifacial layers consist almost entirely of π-conjugated units and thus can conduct charges and can be further engineered for optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian L Hupfer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Dellith
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Seyring
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Diegel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Dellith
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Soumik Ghosh
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Sciclus GmbH & Co. KG, Moritz-von-Rohr-Str. 1a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Rettenmayr
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Presselt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Sciclus GmbH & Co. KG, Moritz-von-Rohr-Str. 1a, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
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17
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Aljuaid N, Seitsonen J, Ruokolainen J, Greco F, Hamley IW. Micelle and Nanotape Formation of Benzene Tricarboxamide Analogues with Selective Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:46843-46848. [PMID: 36570178 PMCID: PMC9773333 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Analogues of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide bearing combinations of different alkyl chains (dodecyl to octadecyl) and ester-linked PEG (polyethylene glycol) chains are shown to self-assemble into either micelles or nanotapes in aqueous solution, depending on the architecture (number of alkyl vs PEG chains). The cytotoxicity to cells is selectively greater for breast cancer cells than fibroblast controls in a dose-dependent manner. The compounds show strong stability, retaining their self-assembled structures at low pH (relevant to acidic tumor conditions) and in buffer and cell culture media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Aljuaid
- School
of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K.
| | - Jani Seitsonen
- Nanomicroscopy
Center, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Nanomicroscopy
Center, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Francesca Greco
- School
of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K.
| | - Ian W. Hamley
- School
of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K.
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18
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Bartolec B, Kiani A, Beatty MA, Altay M, Monreal Santiago G, Otto S. Selection of diverse polymorphic structures from a small dynamic molecular network controlled by the environment. Chem Sci 2022; 13:14300-14304. [PMID: 36545148 PMCID: PMC9749116 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03909e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex interplay between systems and their environment plays an important role in processes ranging from self-assembly to evolution. Polymorphism, where, from the same ingredients different products can be formed, is likely to be an important enabler for evolutionary adaptation. Environmental pressures may induce polymorphic behaviour, where different pressures result in different structural organisation. Here we show that by combining covalent and non-covalent bond formation three distinct polymorphs can emerge from the same small dynamic molecular network: vesicular aggregates, self-replicating fibres and nanoribbons, depending on the nature of the solvent environment. Additionally, a particular set of conditions allows the transient co-existence of both vesicles and fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bartolec
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Armin Kiani
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Meagan A. Beatty
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Meniz Altay
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Monreal Santiago
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands
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19
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Bujosa S, Doncel‐Giménez A, Bäumer N, Fernández G, Ortí E, Costa A, Rotger C, Aragó J, Soberats B. Thermoreversible Polymorph Transitions in Supramolecular Polymers of Hydrogen-Bonded Squaramides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213345. [PMID: 36178740 PMCID: PMC9828658 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bonded squaramide (SQ) supramolecular polymers exhibit uncommon thermoreversible polymorph transitions between particle- and fiber-like nanostructures. SQs 1-3, with different steric bulk, self-assemble in solution into particles (AggI) upon cooling to 298 K, and SQs 1 and 2, with only one dendronic group, show a reversible transformation into fibers (AggII) by further decreasing the temperature to 288 K. Nano-DSC and UV/Vis studies on SQ 1 reveal a concentration-dependent transition temperature and ΔH for the AggI-to-AggII conversion, while the kinetic studies on SQ 2 indicate the on-pathway nature of the polymorph transition. Spectroscopic and theoretical studies reveal that these transitions are triggered by the molecular reorganization of the SQ units changing from slipped to head-to-tail hydrogen bonding patterns. This work unveils the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of reversible polymorph transitions that are of interest to develop stimuli-responsive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Bujosa
- Department of ChemistryUniversitat de les Illes BalearsCra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.507122Palma de MallorcaSpain
| | - Azahara Doncel‐Giménez
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)Universidad de ValenciaC/Catedrático José Beltrán, 246980PaternaSpain
| | - Nils Bäumer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)Universidad de ValenciaC/Catedrático José Beltrán, 246980PaternaSpain
| | - Antonio Costa
- Department of ChemistryUniversitat de les Illes BalearsCra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.507122Palma de MallorcaSpain
| | - Carmen Rotger
- Department of ChemistryUniversitat de les Illes BalearsCra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.507122Palma de MallorcaSpain
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)Universidad de ValenciaC/Catedrático José Beltrán, 246980PaternaSpain
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Department of ChemistryUniversitat de les Illes BalearsCra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.507122Palma de MallorcaSpain
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20
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Lynes AD, Lovitt JI, Rotella C, Boland JJ, Gunnlaugsson T, Hawes CS. Crystal engineering studies of a series of pyridine-3,5-dicarboxamide ligands possessing alkyl ester arms, and their coordination chemistry. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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21
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Tirukoti ND, Avram L, Mashiach R, Allouche-Arnon H, Bar-Shir A. Self-assembly of an MRI responsive agent under physiological conditions provides an extended time window for in vivo imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11410-11413. [PMID: 36129103 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03126d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An MRI-responsive agent that spontaneously self-assembles to a large supramolecular structure under physiological conditions was designed. The obtained assembly provides an extended time window for in vivo studies, as demonstrated for a fluorine-19 probe constructed to sense Zn2+ with 19F-iCEST MRI, in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishanth D Tirukoti
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Reut Mashiach
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Hyla Allouche-Arnon
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Amnon Bar-Shir
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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22
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Wu J, Zhang J, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang C, Yan J, Li W, Masuda T, Whittaker AK, Zhang A. Supramolecular Chiral Assembly of Symmetric Molecules with an Extended Conjugated Core. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:33734-33745. [PMID: 35834778 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
C3-symmetric molecules carrying a conjugated diacetylene (DA) core are found to self-assemble into well-defined supramolecular fibers with enhanced supramolecular chirality in both organic and aqueous solutions. The conjugated core affords these amphiphiles characteristic fluorescence properties, which can be quenched partially due to the aggregation. Integration of the C3-symmetry with the conjugation provides these novel molecules strong aggregation tendency through solvent-mediated π-π stacking with preferential supramolecular chirality, which is predominately related to steric hindrance from their dipeptide pendants. Highly uniform supramolecular fibers of P and M handedness with thickness consistent in the dimensions of individual C3 molecules are obtained. The increase of concentrations induces these fibers to wrap together to form supramolecular fibrous bundles. Topochemical polymerization of the DA moieties can transform these supramolecular fibers into stable covalent polymers. We therefore believe that self-assembly of these C3-symmetric molecules with extended conjugated DA cores provides new prospects for the construction of supramolecular helical fibers through enhanced π-π stacking and creates a convenient strategy to furnish covalent chiral polymers of hierarchical structures through supramolecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindiao Wu
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 20444, P. R. China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 20444, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 20444, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 20444, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jiatao Yan
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 20444, P. R. China
| | - Wen Li
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 20444, P. R. China
| | - Toshio Masuda
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 20444, P. R. China
| | - Andrew K Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Afang Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 20444, P. R. China
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23
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Datta S, Chaudhuri D. Reversible Supramolecular Polymorphism in Solution and Solid Matrix by Manipulating Sidegroup Conformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201956. [PMID: 35180328 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Reversible switching between supramolecular polymorphs offers a great way to introduce stimuli-responsiveness. Supramolecular polymorphism is usually achieved through pathway complexity, or by exploiting solvent-solute interactions. But, steering a self-assembly along a specific pathway to form a kinetically-stable aggregate is not easy. Also, changing solvent to switch between polymorphs is impractical. We present a perylene bisimide molecule with a trans-azobenzene sidegroup that assembles into three supramolecular polymorphs with distinct colors, morphologies, packing and aggregation mechanism. Optical absorption and FTIR spectroscopy reveal the importance of hydrogen-bonding interaction between protic solvent and azo N that controls the planarity of the azobenzene group and influences molecular packing. This interaction can be further modulated using temperature, and solution pH to reversibly switch between the three polymorphs, in solution as well as in solid silica-gel matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Datta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Debangshu Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
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24
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Suda N, Saito T, Arima H, Yagai S. Photo-modulation of supramolecular polymorphism in the self-assembly of a scissor-shaped azobenzene dyad into nanotoroids and fibers. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3249-3255. [PMID: 35414866 PMCID: PMC8926283 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00690a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the research field of supramolecularly engineered dye aggregates have enabled the design of simple one-dimensional stacks such as fibers and of closed structures such as nanotoroids (nanorings). More complex and advanced supramolecular systems could potentially be designed using a molecule that is able to provide either of these distinct nanostructures under different conditions. In this study, we introduced bulky but strongly aggregating cholesterol units to a scissor-shaped azobenzene dyad framework, which affords either nanotoroids, nanotubes, or 1D fibers, depending on the substituents. This new dyad with two trans-azobenzene arms shows supramolecular polymorphism in its temperature-controlled self-assembly, leading to not only oligomeric nanotoroids as kinetic products, but also to one-dimensional fibers as thermodynamic products. This supramolecular polymorphism can also be achieved via photo-triggered self-assembly, i.e., irradiation of a monomeric solution of the dyad with two cis-azobenzene arms using strong visible light leads to the preferential formation of nanotoroids, whereas irradiation with weak visible light leads to the predominant formation of 1D fibers. This is the first example of a successful light-induced modulation of supramolecular polymorphism to produce distinctly nanostructured aggregates under isothermal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Suda
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Takuho Saito
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Hironari Arima
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
- Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR), Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
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25
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Datta S, Chaudhuri D. Reversible Supramolecular Polymorphism in Solution and Solid Matrix by Manipulating Sidegroup Conformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Datta
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Debangshu Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
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26
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Hafeez S, Ooi HW, Suylen D, Duimel H, Hackeng TM, van Blitterswijk C, Baker MB. Desymmetrization via Activated Esters Enables Rapid Synthesis of Multifunctional Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides and Creation of Supramolecular Hydrogelators. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4057-4070. [PMID: 35196454 PMCID: PMC8915260 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular materials based on the self-assembly of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) offer an approach to mimic fibrous self-assembled proteins found in numerous natural systems. Yet, synthetic methods to rapidly build complexity, scalability, and multifunctionality into BTA-based materials are needed. The diversity of BTA structures is often hampered by the limited flexibility of existing desymmetrization routes and the purification of multifunctional BTAs. To alleviate this bottleneck, we have developed a desymmetrization method based on activated ester coupling of a symmetric synthon. We created a small library of activated ester synthons and found that a pentafluorophenol benzene triester (BTE) enabled effective desymmetrization and creation of multifunctional BTAs in good yield with high reaction fidelity. This new methodology enabled the rapid synthesis of a small library of BTA monomers with hydrophobic and/or orthogonal reactive handles and could be extended to create polymeric BTA hydrogelators. These BTA hydrogelators self-assembled in water to create fiber and fibrous sheet-like structures as observed by cryo-TEM, and the identity of the BTA conjugated can tune the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. These hydrogelators display high cytocompatibility for chondrocytes, indicating potential for the use of these systems in 3D cell culture and tissue engineering applications. This newly developed synthetic strategy facilitates the simple and rapid creation of chemically diverse BTA supramolecular polymers, and the newly developed and scalable hydrogels can unlock exploration of BTA based materials in a wider variety of tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Hafeez
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Huey Wen Ooi
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Suylen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Duimel
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4i), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tilman M Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew B Baker
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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27
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28
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Sikder A, Xie Y, Thomas M, Derry MJ, O'Reilly RK. Precise control over supramolecular nanostructures via manipulation of H-bonding in π-amphiphiles. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:20111-20118. [PMID: 34846491 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04882a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled supramolecular architectures are ubiquitous in nature. A synchronized combination of dynamic noncovalent interactions is the major driving force in forming unique structures with high-precision control over the self-assembly of supramolecular materials. Herein, we have achieved programmable nanostructures by introducing single/multiple H-bonding units in a supramolecular building block. A diverse range of nanostructures can be generated in aqueous medium by subtly tuning the structure of π-amphiphiles. 1D-cylindrical micelles, 2D-nanoribbons and hollow nanotubes are produced by systematically varying the number of H-bonding units (0-2) in structurally near identical π-amphiphiles. Spectroscopic measurements revealed the decisive role of H-bonding units for different modes of molecular packing. We have demonstrated that a competitive self-assembled state (a kinetically controlled aggregation state and a thermodynamically controlled aggregation state) can be generated by fine tuning the number of noncovalent forces present in the supramolecular building blocks. The luminescence properties of conjugated dithiomaleimide (DTM) provided insight into the relative hydrophobicity of the core in these nanostructures. In addition, fluorescence turn-off in the presence of thiophenol enabled us to probe the accessibility of the hydrophobic core in these assembled systems toward guest molecules. Therefore the DTM group provides an efficient tool to determine the relative hydrophobicity and accessibility of the core of various nanostructures which is very rarely studied in supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Sikder
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Yujie Xie
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Marjolaine Thomas
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Matthew J Derry
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Rachel K O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
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29
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Wu B, Liu L, Zhou L, Magana JR, Hendrix MMRM, Wang J, Li C, Ding P, Wang Y, Guo X, Voets IK, Cohen Stuart MA, Wang J. Complex supramolecular fiber formed by coordination-induced self-assembly of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA). J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 608:1297-1307. [PMID: 34739992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS In the quest for large but well-controlled supramolecular structures, the discotic benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) has received quite some attention, because it can form hydrogen-bonded stacks that can be regarded as supramolecular polymers of which the single BTA molecule is the monomer. In this report, we consider a more complex BTA-based supramolecular polymer, namely one that is built up from supramolecular 'monomers'. EXPERIMENTS We design a tris-ligand L3 consisting of a BTA core carrying three dipicolinic acid (DPA) groups. L3 itself is too small to form polymers, but in the presence of appropriate metal ions, each L3 can form three coordination bonds and so form (L3)n clusters that are large enough to stack successfully: at an appropriate metal dose, long and stable filaments with a cross-sectional diameter of 12 nm appear. We monitor the growth process by UV-vis spectroscopy and light scattering, and use small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), TEM as well as molecular simulation to confirm the filamentous structure of the fibers and determine their dimensions. FINDINGS The formation and structure of the fiber are very similar for various transition metal ions, which enables introducing different functionalities, e.g., magnetic relaxivity, by proper choice of the metal ions. Hence, we obtain a doubly supramolecular polymer, connected axially by hydrogen bonds, and radially by coordination bonds. Not only does this realize a higher level of complexity, but it also allows to easily introduce and vary metal-derived functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China.
| | - Jose Rodrigo Magana
- Self-Organizing Soft Matter Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ, the Netherlands.
| | - Marco M R M Hendrix
- Self-Organizing Soft Matter Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ, the Netherlands.
| | - Jiahua Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - Chendan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China.
| | - Yiming Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuhong Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China.
| | - Ilja K Voets
- Self-Organizing Soft Matter Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ, the Netherlands.
| | - Martien A Cohen Stuart
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China.
| | - Junyou Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China.
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30
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Le Bras L, Dory YL, Champagne B. Computational prediction of the supramolecular self-assembling properties of organic molecules: the role of conformational flexibility of amide moieties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20453-20465. [PMID: 34498627 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02675e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two families of organic molecules with different backbones have been considered. The first family is based on a macrolactam-like unit that is constrained in a particular conformation. The second family is composed by a substituted central phenyl that allows a larger mobility for its substituents. They have however a common feature, three amide moieties (within the cycle for the macrolactam-like molecule and as substituents for the phenyl) that permit hydrogen bonding when molecules are stacked. In this study we propose a computational protocol to unravel the ability of the different families to self-assemble into organic nanotubes. Starting from the monomer and going towards larger assemblies like dimers, trimers, and pentamers we applied the different protocols to rationalize the behavior of the different assemblies. Both structures and thermodynamics were investigated to give a complete picture of the process. Thanks to the combination of a quantum mechanics approach and molecular dynamics simulations along with the use of tailored tools (non covalent interaction visualization) and techniques (umbrella sampling), we have been able to differentiate the two families and highlight the best candidate for self-assembling purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Le Bras
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, Chemistry Department, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Belgium.
| | - Yves L Dory
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Supramoléculaire, Département de Chimie, Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, Chemistry Department, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Belgium.
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31
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Aljuaid N, Tully M, Seitsonen J, Ruokolainen J, Hamley IW. Benzene tricarboxamide derivatives with lipid and ethylene glycol chains self-assemble into distinct nanostructures driven by molecular packing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8360-8363. [PMID: 34338257 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03437e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly in aqueous solution of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) bearing one alkyl chain and two PEG (polyethylene glycol) chains or two alkyl chains and one PEG chain yields completely distinct nanostructures. Two series of derivatives were synthesized and extensively characterized and electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) reveal micelle structures for derivatives with one alkyl and two PEG chains, but nanotapes and nanoribbons for the series with two alkyl and one PEG chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Aljuaid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK.
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32
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Su L, Feng Y, Wei K, Xu X, Liu R, Chen G. Carbohydrate-Based Macromolecular Biomaterials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10950-11029. [PMID: 34338501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the most abundant and one of the most important biomacromolecules in Nature. Except for energy-related compounds, carbohydrates can be roughly divided into two categories: Carbohydrates as matter and carbohydrates as information. As matter, carbohydrates are abundantly present in the extracellular matrix of animals and cell walls of various plants, bacteria, fungi, etc., serving as scaffolds. Some commonly found polysaccharides are featured as biocompatible materials with controllable rigidity and functionality, forming polymeric biomaterials which are widely used in drug delivery, tissue engineering, etc. As information, carbohydrates are usually referred to the glycans from glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans, which bind to proteins or other carbohydrates, thereby meditating the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. These glycans could be simplified as synthetic glycopolymers, glycolipids, and glycoproteins, which could be afforded through polymerization, multistep synthesis, or a semisynthetic strategy. The information role of carbohydrates can be demonstrated not only as targeting reagents but also as immune antigens and adjuvants. The latter are also included in this review as they are always in a macromolecular formulation. In this review, we intend to provide a relatively comprehensive summary of carbohydrate-based macromolecular biomaterials since 2010 while emphasizing the fundamental understanding to guide the rational design of biomaterials. Carbohydrate-based macromolecules on the basis of their resources and chemical structures will be discussed, including naturally occurring polysaccharides, naturally derived synthetic polysaccharides, glycopolymers/glycodendrimers, supramolecular glycopolymers, and synthetic glycolipids/glycoproteins. Multiscale structure-function relationships in several major application areas, including delivery systems, tissue engineering, and immunology, will be detailed. We hope this review will provide valuable information for the development of carbohydrate-based macromolecular biomaterials and build a bridge between the carbohydrates as matter and the carbohydrates as information to promote new biomaterial design in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Yingle Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Kongchang Wei
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Department of Materials meet Life, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Xuyang Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rongying Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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33
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Casellas NM, Albertazzi L, Pujals S, Torres T, García-Iglesias M. Unveiling Polymerization Mechanism in pH-regulated Supramolecular Fibers in Aqueous Media. Chemistry 2021; 27:11056-11060. [PMID: 34096656 PMCID: PMC8456867 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An amine functionalized C3‐symmetric benzotrithiophene (BTT) monomer has been designed and synthetized in order to form pH responsive one‐dimensional supramolecular polymers in aqueous media. While most of the reported studies looked at the effect of pH on the size of the aggregates, herein, a detailed mechanistic study is reported, carried out upon modifying the pH to trigger the formation of positively charged ammonium groups. A dramatic and reversible change in the polymerization mechanism and size of the supramolecular fibers is observed and ascribed to the combination of Coulombic repulsive forces and higher monomer solubility. Furthermore, the induced frustrated growth of the fibers is further employed to finely control the one‐dimensional supramolecular polymerisation and copolymerization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás M Casellas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Nanociencia, c/ Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Nanoscopy for Nanomedicine group Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08024, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and ICMS, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sílvia Pujals
- Nanoscopy for Nanomedicine group Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08024, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Physics, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Nanociencia, c/ Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain
| | - Miguel García-Iglesias
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Nanociencia, c/ Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain.,QUIPRE Department, University of Cantabria, Avd. de Los Castros, 46, 39005, Santander, Spain
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34
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Cho Y, Christoff-Tempesta T, Kaser SJ, Ortony JH. Dynamics in supramolecular nanomaterials. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5850-5863. [PMID: 34114584 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00047k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of amphiphilic small molecules in water leads to nanostructures with customizable structure-property relationships arising from their tunable chemistries. Characterization of these assemblies is generally limited to their static structures -e.g. their geometries and dimensions - but the implementation of tools that provide a deeper understanding of molecular motions has recently emerged. Here, we summarize recent reports showcasing dynamics characterization tools and their application to small molecule assemblies, and we go on to highlight supramolecular systems whose properties are substantially affected by their conformational, exchange, and water dynamics. This review illustrates the importance of considering dynamics in rational amphiphile design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Ty Christoff-Tempesta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Samuel J Kaser
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julia H Ortony
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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35
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Shen CA, Bialas D, Hecht M, Stepanenko V, Sugiyasu K, Würthner F. Polymorphism in Squaraine Dye Aggregates by Self-Assembly Pathway Differentiation: Panchromatic Tubular Dye Nanorods versus J-Aggregate Nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11949-11958. [PMID: 33751763 PMCID: PMC8252746 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A bis(squaraine) dye equipped with alkyl and oligoethyleneglycol chains was synthesized by connecting two dicyanomethylene substituted squaraine dyes with a phenylene spacer unit. The aggregation behavior of this bis(squaraine) was investigated in non-polar toluene/tetrachloroethane (98:2) solvent mixture, which revealed competing cooperative self-assembly pathways into two supramolecular polymorphs with entirely different packing structures and UV/Vis/NIR absorption properties. The self-assembly pathway can be controlled by the cooling rate from a heated solution of the monomers. For both polymorphs, quasi-equilibrium conditions between monomers and the respective aggregates can be established to derive thermodynamic parameters and insights into the self-assembly mechanisms. AFM measurements revealed a nanosheet structure with a height of 2 nm for the thermodynamically more stable polymorph and a tubular nanorod structure with a helical pitch of 13 nm and a diameter of 5 nm for the kinetically favored polymorph. Together with wide angle X-ray scattering measurements, packing models were derived: the thermodynamic polymorph consists of brick-work type nanosheets that exhibit red-shifted absorption bands as typical for J-aggregates, while the nanorod polymorph consists of eight supramolecular polymer strands of the bis(squaraine) intertwined to form a chimney-type tubular structure. The absorption of this aggregate covers a large spectral range from 550 to 875 nm, which cannot be rationalized by the conventional exciton theory. By applying the Essential States Model and considering intermolecular charge transfer, the aggregate spectrum was adequately reproduced, revealing that the broad absorption spectrum is due to pronounced donor-acceptor overlap within the bis(squaraine) nanorods. The latter is also responsible for the pronounced bathochromic shift observed for the nanosheet structure as a result of the slip-stacked arranged squaraine chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-An Shen
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Bialas
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazunori Sugiyasu
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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36
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Shen C, Bialas D, Hecht M, Stepanenko V, Sugiyasu K, Würthner F. Polymorphism in Squaraine Dye Aggregates by Self‐Assembly Pathway Differentiation: Panchromatic Tubular Dye Nanorods versus J‐Aggregate Nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐An Shen
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - David Bialas
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kazunori Sugiyasu
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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37
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Fukushima T, Tamaki K, Isobe A, Hirose T, Shimizu N, Takagi H, Haruki R, Adachi SI, Hollamby MJ, Yagai S. Diarylethene-Powered Light-Induced Folding of Supramolecular Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5845-5854. [PMID: 33755463 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Helical folding of randomly coiled linear polymers is an essential organization process not only for biological polypeptides but also for synthetic functional polymers. Realization of this dynamic process in supramolecular polymers (SPs) is, however, a formidable challenge because of their inherent lability of main chains upon changing an external environment that can drive the folding process (e.g., solvent, concentration, and temperature). We herein report a photoinduced reversible folding/unfolding of rosette-based SPs driven by photoisomerization of a diarylethene (DAE). Temperature-controlled supramolecular polymerization of a barbiturate-functionalized DAE (open isomer) in nonpolar solvent results in the formation of intrinsically curved, but randomly coiled, SPs due to the presence of defects. Irradiation of the randomly coiled SPs with UV light causes efficient ring-closure reaction of the DAE moieties, which induces helical folding of the randomly coiled structures into helicoidal ones, as evidenced by atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. The helical folding is driven by internal structure ordering of the SP fiber that repairs the defects and interloop interaction occurring only for the resulting helicoidal structure. In contrast, direct supramolecular polymerization of the ring-closed DAE monomers by temperature control affords linearly extended ribbon-like SPs lacking intrinsic curvature that are thermodynamically less stable compared to the helicoidal SPs. The finding represents an important concept applicable to other SP systems; that is, postpolymerization (photo)reaction of preorganized kinetic structures can lead to more thermodynamically stable structures that are inaccessible directly through temperature-controlled protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Fukushima
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kenta Tamaki
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Isobe
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takagi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Rie Haruki
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Martin J Hollamby
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, U.K
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR), Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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38
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Raynal M, Li Y, Troufflard C, Przybylski C, Gontard G, Maistriaux T, Idé J, Lazzaroni R, Bouteiller L, Brocorens P. Experimental and computational diagnosis of the fluxional nature of a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide-based hydrogen-bonded dimer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:5207-5221. [PMID: 33625418 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06128j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Precise characterization of the hydrogen bond network present in discrete self-assemblies of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide monomers derived from amino-esters (ester BTAs) is crucial for the construction of elaborated functional co-assemblies. For all ester BTA dimeric structures previously reported, ester carbonyls in the side chain acted as hydrogen bond acceptors, yielding well-defined dimers stabilized by six hydrogen bonds. The ester BTA monomer derived from glycine (BTA Gly) shows a markedly different self-assembly behaviour. We report herein a combined experimental and computational investigation aimed at determining the nature of the dimeric species formed by BTA Gly. Two distinct dimeric structures were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. Likewise, a range of spectroscopic and scattering techniques as well as molecular modelling were employed to diagnose the nature of dynamic dimeric structures in toluene. Our results unambiguously establish that both ester and amide carbonyls are involved in the hydrogen bond network of the discrete dimeric species formed by BTA Gly. The participation of roughly 4.5 ester carbonyls and 1.5 amide carbonyls per dimer as determined by FT-IR spectroscopy implies that several conformations coexist in solution. Moreover, NMR analysis and modelling data reveal rapid interconversion between these different conformers leading to a symmetric structure on the NMR timescale. Rapid hydrogen bond shuffling between conformers having three (three), two (four), one (five) and zero (six) amide carbonyl groups (ester carbonyl groups, respectively) as hydrogen bond acceptors is proposed to explain the magnetic equivalence of the amide N-H on the NMR timescale. When compared to other ester BTA derivatives in which only ester carbonyls act as hydrogen bond acceptors, the fluxional behaviour of the hydrogen-bonded dimers of BTA Gly likely originates from a larger range of energetically favorable conformations accessible through rotation of the BTA side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raynal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IPCM, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Y Li
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IPCM, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - C Troufflard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IPCM, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - C Przybylski
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IPCM, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - G Gontard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IPCM, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - T Maistriaux
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000, Mons, Belgium.
| | - J Idé
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000, Mons, Belgium.
| | - R Lazzaroni
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000, Mons, Belgium.
| | - L Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IPCM, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - P Brocorens
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000, Mons, Belgium.
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39
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Helmers I, Ghosh G, Albuquerque RQ, Fernández G. Pathway and Length Control of Supramolecular Polymers in Aqueous Media via a Hydrogen Bonding Lock. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4368-4376. [PMID: 33152151 PMCID: PMC7898687 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Programming the organization of π-conjugated systems into nanostructures of defined dimensions is a requirement for the preparation of functional materials. Herein, we have achieved high-precision control over the self-assembly pathways and fiber length of an amphiphilic BODIPY dye in aqueous media by exploiting a programmable hydrogen bonding lock. The presence of a (2-hydroxyethyl)amide group in the target BODIPY enables different types of intra- vs. intermolecular hydrogen bonding, leading to a competition between kinetically controlled discoidal H-type aggregates and thermodynamically controlled 1D J-type fibers in water. The high stability of the kinetic state, which is dominated by the hydrophobic effect, is reflected in the slow transformation to the thermodynamic product (several weeks at room temperature). However, this lag time can be suppressed by the addition of seeds from the thermodynamic species, enabling us to obtain supramolecular polymers of tuneable length in water for multiple cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Helmers
- Organisch-Chemisches-InstitutWestfälische-Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrenstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Organisch-Chemisches-InstitutWestfälische-Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrenstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Rodrigo Q. Albuquerque
- Lehrstuhl für SystemverfahrenstechnikTechnical University of Munich (TUM)Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 485354FreisingGermany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches-InstitutWestfälische-Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrenstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
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40
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Herkert L, Selter P, Daniliuc CG, Bäumer N, Palakkal JP, Fernández G, Hansen MR. Tuning the Molecular Packing of Self-Assembled Amphiphilic Pt II Complexes by Varying the Hydrophilic Side-Chain Length. Chemistry 2021; 27:4617-4626. [PMID: 33350532 PMCID: PMC7986126 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between molecular design and packing modes constitutes one of the major challenges in self‐assembly and is essential for the preparation of functional materials. Herein, we have achieved high precision control over the supramolecular packing of amphiphilic PtII complexes by systematic variation of the hydrophilic side‐chain length. A novel approach of general applicability based on complementary X‐ray diffraction and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy has allowed us to establish a clear correlation between molecular features and supramolecular ordering. Systematically increasing the side‐chain length gradually increases the steric demand and reduces the extent of aromatic interactions, thereby inducing a gradual shift in the molecular packing from parallel to a long‐slipped organization. Notably, our findings highlight the necessity of advanced solid‐state NMR techniques to gain structural information for supramolecular systems where single‐crystal growth is not possible. Our work further demonstrates a new molecular design strategy to modulate aromatic interaction strengths and packing arrangements that could be useful for the engineering of functional materials based on PtII and aromatic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Herkert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße, 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Selter
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße, 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Bäumer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße, 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jasnamol P Palakkal
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße, 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany
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41
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Xia H, Fu H, Ren Y, Bordett R, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Lin Y. Regulating the Supramolecular Polymerization of Fibrous Crystalline Structures in Aqueous Solution. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2000677. [PMID: 33522026 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by protein polymerizations, much progress has been made in making "polymer-like" supramolecular structures from small synthetic subunits through non-covalent bonds. A few regulation mechanisms have also been explored in synthetic platforms to create supramolecular polymers and materials with dynamic properties. Herein, a type of reactive regulator that facilitates the dimerization of the monomer precursors through dynamic bonds to trigger the supramolecular assembly from small molecules in an aqueous solution is described. The supramolecular structures are crystalline in nature and the reaction coupled assembly strategy can be extended to a supramolecular assembly of aromatic amide derivatives formed in-situ. The method may be instructive for the development of supramolecular nanocrystalline materials with desired physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Xia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Hailin Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Rosalie Bordett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Youjun Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Yao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Program at the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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42
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Cheng X, Sun P, Zhang N, Zhou S, Xin X. Self-assembly of silver nanoclusters and phthalic acid into hollow tubes as a superior sensor for Fe3+. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Kumar S, Bera S, Nandi SK, Haldar D. The effect of amide bond orientation and symmetry on the self-assembly and gelation of discotic tripeptides. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:113-119. [PMID: 33155010 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01804j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of discotic tripeptides containing a rigid aromatic core and l-phenylalanine have been developed. The orientation of the amide bonds yielded variations of the structure and self-assembly properties of the compounds. The aggregation behavior of the discotic tripeptides was studied by various spectroscopic techniques. The morphology of the resulting aggregates was studied by field emission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. These studies showed that the orientation of the amide bonds has a strong influence on the intermolecular interactions, resulting in huge differences in the aggregation properties, and morphology of the discotic tripeptides. Only the C3-symmetric discotic tripeptides formed organogels. The supramolecular aggregation mechanism of N-centered and C[double bond, length as m-dash]O-centered discotic tripeptides for forming 3-fold intermolecular H-bonded helical column were the same, there was only a smaller enthalpy change due to the occurrence of longer distances for the N-HO[double bond, length as m-dash]C bonds of the N-centered discotic tripeptide. Whereas, the C2-symmetric discotic tripeptides 2 and 3 adopted a 6-fold intermolecular H-bonded dimer structure. Thus, this report presents a valuable approach for the fine-tuning of the discotic tripeptide based functional material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India.
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44
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Shahar C, Tidhar Y, Jung Y, Weissman H, Cohen SR, Bitton R, Pinkas I, Haran G, Rybtchinski B. Control over size, shape, and photonics of self-assembled organic nanocrystals. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:42-51. [PMID: 33488830 PMCID: PMC7801800 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The facile fabrication of free-floating organic nanocrystals (ONCs) was achieved via the kinetically controlled self-assembly of simple perylene diimide building blocks in aqueous medium. The ONCs have a thin rectangular shape, with an aspect ratio that is controlled by the content of the organic cosolvent (THF). The nanocrystals were characterized in solution by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering. The ONCs retain their structure upon drying, as was evidenced by TEM and atom force microscopy. Photophysical studies, including femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, revealed a distinct influence of the ONC morphology on their photonic properties (excitation energy transfer was observed only in the high-aspect ONCs). Convenient control over the structure and function of organic nanocrystals can enhance their utility in new and developed technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shahar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yaron Tidhar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yunmin Jung
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Current address: Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Haim Weissman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sidney R Cohen
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ronit Bitton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Nanotechnology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Iddo Pinkas
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gilad Haran
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Boris Rybtchinski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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45
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Chamorro PB, Aparicio F, Chamorro R, Bilbao N, Casado S, González-Rodríguez D. Exploring the tubular self-assembly landscape of dinucleobase amphiphiles in water. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01110j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The tubular aqueous assembly of dinucleobase amphiphilic monomers endowed with anionic, neutral or cationic groups is investigated under diverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula B. Chamorro
- Organic Chemistry Department
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Fatima Aparicio
- Organic Chemistry Department
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Raquel Chamorro
- Organic Chemistry Department
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Nerea Bilbao
- Department of Chemistry
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | | | - David González-Rodríguez
- Organic Chemistry Department
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)
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46
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Jangizehi A, Schmid F, Besenius P, Kremer K, Seiffert S. Defects and defect engineering in Soft Matter. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:10809-10859. [PMID: 33306078 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01371d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Soft matter covers a wide range of materials based on linear or branched polymers, gels and rubbers, amphiphilic (macro)molecules, colloids, and self-assembled structures. These materials have applications in various industries, all highly important for our daily life, and they control all biological functions; therefore, controlling and tailoring their properties is crucial. One way to approach this target is defect engineering, which aims to control defects in the material's structure, and/or to purposely add defects into it to trigger specific functions. While this approach has been a striking success story in crystalline inorganic hard matter, both for mechanical and electronic properties, and has also been applied to organic hard materials, defect engineering is rarely used in soft matter design. In this review, we present a survey on investigations on defects and/or defect engineering in nine classes of soft matter composed of liquid crystals, colloids, linear polymers with moderate degree of branching, hyperbranched polymers and dendrimers, conjugated polymers, polymeric networks, self-assembled amphiphiles and proteins, block copolymers and supramolecular polymers. This overview proposes a promising role of this approach for tuning the properties of soft matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Jangizehi
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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47
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Helmers I, Ghosh G, Albuquerque RQ, Fernández G. Pfad‐ und Längenkontrolle von supramolekularen Polymeren im wässrigen Medium mittels eines Wasserstoffbrückenschlosses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Helmers
- Organisch-Chemisches-Institut Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster Correnstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Organisch-Chemisches-Institut Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster Correnstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Rodrigo Q. Albuquerque
- Lehrstuhl für Systemverfahrenstechnik Technische Universität München (TUM) Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4 85354 Freising Deutschland
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches-Institut Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster Correnstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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48
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Control of self-assembly pathways toward conglomerate and racemic supramolecular polymers. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5460. [PMID: 33122635 PMCID: PMC7596528 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Homo- and heterochiral aggregation during crystallization of organic molecules has significance both for fundamental questions related to the origin of life as well as for the separation of homochiral compounds from their racemates in industrial processes. Herein, we analyse these phenomena at the lowest level of hierarchy – that is the self-assembly of a racemic mixture of (R,R)- and (S,S)-PBI into 1D supramolecular polymers. By a combination of UV/vis and NMR spectroscopy as well as atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate that homochiral aggregation of the racemic mixture leads to the formation of two types of supramolecular conglomerates under kinetic control, while under thermodynamic control heterochiral aggregation is preferred, affording a racemic supramolecular polymer. FT-IR spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations reveal unique packing arrangements and hydrogen-bonding patterns within these supramolecular polymers. Time-, concentration- and temperature-dependent UV/vis experiments provide further insights into the kinetic and thermodynamic control of the conglomerate and racemic supramolecular polymer formation. Homo- and heterochiral aggregation is a process of interest to prebiotic and chiral separation chemistry. Here, the authors analyze the self-assembly of a racemic mixture into 1D supramolecular polymers and find homochiral aggregation into conglomerates under kinetic control, while under thermodynamic control a racemic polymer is formed.
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Supramolecular double-stranded Archimedean spirals and concentric toroids. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3578. [PMID: 32681045 PMCID: PMC7368029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Connecting molecular-level phenomena to larger scales and, ultimately, to sophisticated molecular systems that resemble living systems remains a considerable challenge in supramolecular chemistry. To this end, molecular self-assembly at higher hierarchical levels has to be understood and controlled. Here, we report unusual self-assembled structures formed from a simple porphyrin derivative. Unexpectedly, this formed a one-dimensional (1D) supramolecular polymer that coiled to give an Archimedean spiral. Our analysis of the supramolecular polymerization by using mass-balance models suggested that the Archimedean spiral is formed at high concentrations of the monomer, whereas other aggregation types might form at low concentrations. Gratifyingly, we discovered that our porphyrin-based monomer formed supramolecular concentric toroids at low concentrations. Moreover, a mechanistic insight into the self-assembly process permitted a controlled synthesis of these concentric toroids. This study both illustrates the richness of self-assembled structures at higher levels of hierarchy and demonstrates a topological effect in noncovalent synthesis. Connecting molecular-level phenomena to larger scales and molecular systems that resemble living systems remains a considerable challenge in supramolecular chemistry. Here, the authors report different self-assembly patterns in a porphyrin structure which can form – depending on the concentration - spirals or toroids.
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Isobe A, Prabhu DD, Datta S, Aizawa T, Yagai S. Effect of an Aromatic Solvent on Hydrogen‐Bond‐Directed Supramolecular Polymerization Leading to Distinct Topologies. Chemistry 2020; 26:8997-9004. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Isobe
- Division of Advanced Science and EngineeringGraduate School of EngineeringChiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Deepak D. Prabhu
- Graduate School of EngineeringChiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Sougata Datta
- Graduate School of EngineeringChiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Takumi Aizawa
- Division of Advanced Science and EngineeringGraduate School of EngineeringChiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Graduate School of EngineeringChiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
- Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR) 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
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