1
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Garhwal S, Dong Y, Mai BK, Liu P, Buchwald SL. CuH-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Formal Hydroformylation of Vinyl Arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13733-13740. [PMID: 38723265 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective formal hydroformylation of vinyl arenes enabled by copper hydride (CuH) catalysis is reported. Key to the success of the method was the use of the mild Lewis acid zinc triflate to promote the formation of oxocarbenium electrophiles through the activation of diethoxymethyl acetate. Using the newly developed protocol, a broad range of vinyl arene substrates underwent efficient hydroacetalization reactions to provide access to highly enantioenriched α-aryl acetal products in good yields with exclusively branched regioselectivity. The acetal products could be converted to the corresponding aldehydes, alcohols, and amines with full preservation of the enantiomeric purity. Density functional theory studies support that the key C-C bond-forming event between the alkyl copper intermediate and the oxocarbenium electrophile takes place with inversion of configuration of the Cu-C bond in a backside SE2-type mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Garhwal
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yuyang Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Jiao M, Long J, Chen J, Yang H, Wang T, Fang X. Nickel-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Migratory Hydrocyanation of Internal Alkenes: Expanding the Scope to α,ω-Diaryl Internal Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402390. [PMID: 38523071 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Metal-hydride-catalyzed migratory functionalization of alkenes witnessed extensive development in the past few years. However, the asymmetric version of this reaction has remained largely underdeveloped owing to the difficulty in simultaneous control of both regio- and stereoselectivity. In addition, exploring the wider alkene substrate scope to enable more synthetically valuable applications represents another challenge in this field. In this context, a nickel-catalyzed asymmetric hydrocyanation of internal alkenes involving a chain-walking process is demonstrated. The reaction exhibits excellent regio- and enantioselectivity, proceeds under mild reaction conditions, and delivers benzylic nitriles in high yields. Even α,ω-diaryl internal alkenes, which are known to be one of the most challenging substrates of this type, could be successfully converted to the desired products with good regio- and stereoselectivity by modifying the electronic and steric effects. Theoretical calculations suggest that the η3-benzyl coordination mode and the aryl substituent (3,5-(OMe)2C6H3) on the diphosphite ligand are both key factors in regulating regio- and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdong Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jinguo Long
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Jianxi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Xianjie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
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3
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Arai S, Nakazawa K, Yang XF, Nakajima M, Harada S, Nishida A. Nickel-catalysed regio- and stereoselective hydrocyanation of alkynoates and its mechanistic insights proposed by DFT calculations. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3606-3610. [PMID: 38629974 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00380b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a nickel-catalysed regio- and stereoselective hydrocyanation of alkynoates that gives syn-β-cyanoalkenes. DFT calculations suggest that a favored transition state promotes Cα-H bond formation for determining regio- and stereoselectivity of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakazawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Xiao-Fei Yang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Masaya Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinji Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
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4
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Xin H, Yang M, Guan C, Li J, Gao P, Yang X, Duan XH, Guo LN. Iron-Catalyzed Cyanide-Free Synthesis of Alkyl Nitriles: Oxidative Deconstruction of Cycloalkanones with Ammonium Salts and Aerobic Oxidation. Org Lett 2024; 26:2266-2270. [PMID: 38451860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
A sustainable, cyanide-free synthesis of alkyl nitriles via the aerobic oxidative deconstruction of unstrained cycloalkanones with ammonium salts has been developed. Using inexpensive and stable ammonium salts as the nitrogen source, a variety of alkyl nitriles containing a distal carbonyl group were obtained in good yields under visible-light-promoted iron catalysis. This protocol is characterized by mild conditions, abundant and environmentally benign materials, and high atom and step economy with minimal waste generation. The primary mechanism study revealed that 1O2 is likely to be involved in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xin
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Mingyu Yang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Cheng Guan
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jialong Li
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Pin Gao
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xu Yang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li-Na Guo
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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5
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Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Qi Z, Liu R. Palladium-catalyzed dehydrogenation of α-cyclohexene-substituted nitriles to α-aryl nitriles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3425-3428. [PMID: 38441208 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00326h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The development of a practical, inexpensive, and cyanide-free method for synthesizing α-aryl nitriles remains a challenging goal in synthetic chemistry. Here, we report an approach for synthesizing α-aryl nitriles toward achieving this goal, by which α-cyclohexenyl acetonitriles and α-cyclohexenyl alkenyl nitriles are dehydrogenated to α-aryl nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zhida Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zehuan Qi
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Renhua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China.
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6
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Wang Q, Wu S, Zou J, Liang X, Mou C, Zheng P, Chi YR. NHC-catalyzed enantioselective access to β-cyano carboxylic esters via in situ substrate alternation and release. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4878. [PMID: 37573355 PMCID: PMC10423276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A carbene-catalyzed asymmetric access to chiral β-cyano carboxylic esters is disclosed. The reaction proceeds between β,β-disubstituted enals and aromatic thiols involving enantioselective protonation of enal β-carbon. Two main factors contribute to the success of this reaction. One involves in situ ultrafast addition of the aromatic thiol substrates to the carbon-carbon double bond of the enal substrate. This reaction converts almost all enal substrate to a Thiol-click Intermediate, significantly reducing aromatic thiol substrates concentration and suppressing the homo-coupling reaction of enals. Another factor is an in situ release of enal substrate from the Thiol-click Intermediate for the desired reaction to proceed effectively. The optically enriched β-cyano carboxylic esters from our method can be readily transformed to medicines that include γ-aminobutyric acids derivatives such as Rolipram. In addition to synthetic utilities, our control of reaction outcomes via in situ substrate modulation and release can likely inspire future reaction development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shuquan Wu
- Center for Industrial Catalysis and Cleaning Process Development, School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Juan Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xuyang Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chengli Mou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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7
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Shing Cheung KP, Fang J, Mukherjee K, Mihranyan A, Gevorgyan V. Asymmetric intermolecular allylic C-H amination of alkenes with aliphatic amines. Science 2022; 378:1207-1213. [PMID: 36520916 PMCID: PMC10111612 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aliphatic allylic amines are found in a great variety of complex and biorelevant molecules. The direct allylic C-H amination of alkenes serves as the most straightforward method toward these motifs. However, use of widely available internal alkenes with aliphatic amines in this transformation remains a synthetic challenge. In particular, palladium catalysis faces the twin challenges of inefficient coordination of Pd(II) to internal alkenes but excessively tight and therefore inhibitory coordination of Pd(II) by basic aliphatic amines. We report a general solution to these problems. The developed protocol, in contrast to a classical Pd(II/0) scenario, operates through a blue light-induced Pd(0/I/II) manifold with mild aryl bromide oxidant. This open-shell approach also enables enantio- and diastereoselective allylic C-H amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of
Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Jian Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of
Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Kallol Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of
Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Andranik Mihranyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of
Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of
Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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8
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Asymmetric Hydroarylation Reactions Catalyzed by Transition Metals: Last 10 Years in a Mini Review. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroarylation reactions play a pivotal role in organic chemistry due to their versatility and efficiency. In the last 10 years, the scientific production around this reaction has been very high, but in its asymmetric version, the results are less. In this mini review, selected literature examples are considered to draw attention to directions of the asymmetric hydroarylation reaction mediated by transition metal catalysts. The selected works were grouped in two main sections. In the first, we reported examples relating the narrower definition of hydroarylation, namely the metal-catalyzed processes where inactivated aryl moiety undergoes a direct functionalization via insertion of an unsaturated compound. In the second part, hydroarylation reactions take place with the use of pre-activated aryl substrates, usually aryl-iodides or aryl-boronated.
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9
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Abstract
The asymmetric hydroaminocarbonylation of olefins represents a straightforward approach for the synthesis of enantioenriched amides, but is hampered by the necessity to employ CO gas, often at elevated pressures. We herein describe, as an alternative, an enantioselective hydrocarbamoylation of alkenes leveraging dual copper hydride and palladium catalysis to enable the use of readily available carbamoyl chlorides as a practical carbamoylating reagent. The protocol is applicable to various types of olefins, including alkenyl arenes, terminal alkenes, and 1,1-disubstituted alkenes. Substrates containing a diverse range of functional groups as well as heterocyclic substructures undergo functionalization to provide α- and β-chiral amides in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Feng
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA
| | - Yuyang Dong
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA
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10
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Feng S, Dong Y, Buchwald SL. Enantioselective Hydrocarbamoylation of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Feng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Chemistry 235 Albany St1050 02139 Cambridge CHINA
| | - Yuyang Dong
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry 77 Massachusetts AvenueRoom18-490 2139 Cambridge UNITED STATES
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11
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Reisenbauer JC, Bhawal BN, Jelmini N, Morandi B. Development of an Operationally Simple, Scalable, and HCN-Free Transfer Hydrocyanation Protocol Using an Air-Stable Nickel Precatalyst. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin N. Bhawal
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Jelmini
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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12
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Kim DP, Sharma BM, Nikam AV, Lahore S, Ahn GN. Cyanide-Free Cyanation of sp2 and sp-Carbons by Oxazole based Masked CN Source Using Flow Microreactors. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103777. [PMID: 34963029 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We herein report a cyanide-free continuous-flow process for cyanation of sp 2 and sp carbons to synthesize aryl, vinyl and acetylenic nitriles from (5-methyl-2-phenyloxazol-4-yl) boronic acid [OxBA] reagent as a sole source of carbon-bound masked -CN source. Non-toxic and stable OxBA reagent is generated by lithiation-borylation of bromo-oxazole, and the consecutive Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling with aryl, vinyl, or acetylenic halides and demasking [4 + 2]/retro-[4 + 2] sequence were successfully accomplished to give the desired cyano compounds with reasonably good yields in a four-step flow manner. A unique feature of this cyanation protocol in flow enables to cyanate a variety of sp 2 and sp carbons to produce a broad spectrum of aryl acetonitrile. It is envisaged that the OxBA based cyanation would replace existing unstable and toxic approaches as well as non-toxic cyanation using two different sources of "C" and "N" to incorporate the -CN group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Pyo Kim
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, chemical engineering, san 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, 790-784, Pohang, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Brijesh M Sharma
- Pohang Gonggwa Daehakgyo Sinsojae Gonghakgwa: Pohang University of Science and Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Arun V Nikam
- Pohang Gonggwa Daehakgyo Sinsojae Gonghakgwa: Pohang University of Science and Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Santosh Lahore
- Pohang Gonggwa Daehakgyo Sinsojae Gonghakgwa: Pohang University of Science and Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Gwang-Noh Ahn
- Pohang Gonggwa Daehakgyo Sinsojae Gonghakgwa: Pohang University of Science and Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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13
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Patel M, Desai B, Sheth A, Dholakiya BZ, Naveen T. Recent Advances in Mono‐ and Difunctionalization of Unactivated Olefins. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monak Patel
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| | - Bhargav Desai
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| | - Aakash Sheth
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| | - Bharatkumar Z. Dholakiya
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| | - Togati Naveen
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
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14
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Hou CJ, Schuppe AW, Knippel JL, Ni AZ, Buchwald SL. A Dual CuH- and Pd-Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted 1,3-Dienes. Org Lett 2021; 23:8816-8821. [PMID: 34726414 PMCID: PMC9212073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated dienes are versatile building blocks and prevalent substructures in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report a method for the stereoselective hydroalkenylation of alkynes, utilizing readily available enol triflates. We leveraged an in situ-generated and geometrically pure vinyl-Cu(I) species to form the Z,Z- or Z,E-1,3-dienes in excellent stereoselectivity and yield. This approach allowed for the synthesis of highly substituted Z-dienes, including pentasubstituted 1,3-dienes, which are difficult to prepare by existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Jin Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander W Schuppe
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James Levi Knippel
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anton Z Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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15
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Seo S, Kim D, Kim H. Ligand-controlled, Pd/CuH-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of terminal alkenes and N-heteroaryl bromides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11240-11243. [PMID: 34632998 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04833c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reductive cross-coupling of terminal alkenes and N-heterocyclic bromides has been demonstrated by ligand optimization of Pd and CuH catalysis. The optimized ligands are Briphos, a π-acceptor monodentate phosphorus ligand, for Pd catalysis and DTB-DPPBz, a sterically bulky bidentate phosphorus ligand, for CuH catalysis. These conditions were further applied to the gram-scale production of clathryimine B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyup Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Donghyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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16
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Ma C, Fang P, Liu D, Jiao KJ, Gao PS, Qiu H, Mei TS. Transition metal-catalyzed organic reactions in undivided electrochemical cells. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12866-12873. [PMID: 34745519 PMCID: PMC8514006 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed organic electrochemistry is a rapidly growing research area owing in part to the ability of metal catalysts to alter the selectivity of a given transformation. This conversion mainly focuses on transition metal-catalyzed anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction and great progress has been achieved in both areas. Typically, only one of the half-cell reactions is involved in the organic reaction while a sacrificial reaction occurs at the counter electrode, which is inherently wasteful since one electrode is not being used productively. Recently, transition metal-catalyzed paired electrolysis that makes use of both anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction has attracted much attention. This perspective highlights the recent progress of each type of electrochemical reaction and relatively focuses on the transition metal-catalyzed paired electrolysis, showcasing that electrochemical reactions involving transition metal catalysis have advantages over conventional reactions in terms of controlling the reaction activity and selectivity and figuring out that transition metal-catalyzed paired electrolysis is an important direction of organic electrochemistry in the future and offers numerous opportunities for new and improved organic reaction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ke-Jin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Pei-Sen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Hui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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17
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Larson GL, Liberatore RJ. Organosilanes in Metal-Catalyzed, Enantioselective Reductions. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald L. Larson
- Vice President, Research and Development, emeritus, Gelest, Inc., Morrisville, Pennsylvania 19067, United States
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18
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Bary G, Jamil MI, Arslan M, Ghani L, Ahmed W, Ahmad H, Zaman G, Ayub K, Sajid M, Ahmad R, Huang D, Liu F, Wang Y. Regio- and stereoselective functionalization of alkenes with emphasis on mechanistic insight and sustainability concerns. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Schuppe AW, Knippel JL, Borrajo-Calleja GM, Buchwald SL. Enantioselective Hydroalkenylation of Olefins with Enol Sulfonates Enabled by Dual Copper Hydride and Palladium Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5330-5335. [PMID: 33784090 PMCID: PMC8083184 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic enantioselective synthesis of α-chiral olefins represents a valuable strategy for rapid generation of structural diversity in divergent syntheses of complex targets. Herein, we report a protocol for the dual CuH- and Pd-catalyzed asymmetric Markovnikov hydroalkenylation of vinyl arenes and the anti-Markovnikov hydroalkenylation of unactivated olefins, in which readily available enol triflates can be utilized as alkenyl coupling partners. This method allowed for the synthesis of diverse α-chiral olefins, including tri- and tetrasubstituted olefin products, which are challenging to prepare by existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Schuppe
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James Levi Knippel
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gustavo M Borrajo-Calleja
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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20
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Knippel JL, Ye Y, Buchwald SL. Enantioselective C2-Allylation of Benzimidazoles Using 1,3-Diene Pronucleophiles. Org Lett 2021; 23:2153-2157. [PMID: 33646778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although substituted benzimidazoles are common substructures in bioactive small molecules, synthetic methods for their derivatization are still limited. Previously, several enantioselective allylation reactions of benzimidazoles were reported that functionalize the nucleophilic nitrogen atom. Herein we describe a reversal of this inherent selectivity toward N-allylation by using electrophilic N-OPiv benzimidazoles with readily available 1,3-dienes as nucleophile precursors. This CuH-catalyzed approach utilizes mild reaction conditions, exhibits broad functional-group compatibility, and exclusively forms the C2-allylated product with excellent stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Levi Knippel
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yuxuan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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21
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Jiang D, Li X, Cai J, Bai Y, Zhang L, Zhao L. Mechanistic study of the cooperative palladium/Lewis acid-catalyzed transfer hydrocyanation reaction: the origin of the regioselectivity. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1233-1238. [PMID: 33459329 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03941a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to gain insights into the catalytic mechanism of the palladium/Lewis acid-catalyzed transfer hydrocyanation of terminal alkenes to reach the linear alkyl nitrile with excellent anti-Markovnikov selectivity. The study reveals that the whole catalysis can be characterized via three stages: (i) oxidative addition generates the π-allyl complex IM2, followed by β-hydride elimination leading to the intermediate IM4, (ii) ligand exchange followed by Pd-H migratory alkene insertion gives the anti-Markovnikov intermediate IM6 and (iii) IM6 undergoes a reductive elimination step to form the linear terminal nitrile 3a and regenerates the active species for the next catalytic cycle. Each stage is kinetically and thermodynamically feasible. The oxidative addition step, with a barrier of 30.9 kcal mol-1, should be the rate-determining step (RDS) in the whole catalysis, which agrees with the experimental high temperature of 110 °C. Furthermore, the origin of the high regioselectivity of the product with excellent anti-Markovnikov selectivity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Jiali Cai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yuna Bai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Lixiong Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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22
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Abstract
A copper-catalyzed radical oxycyanation of unactivated alkenes and styrenes to produce beta-cyanohydrin derivatives with the cyano group attached on the more substituted carbon center was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yajun Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Daqi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Hongli Bao
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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23
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Ding Y, Long J, Fang X. Nickel-catalyzed highly regioselective hydrocyanation of aliphatic allenes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01099a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed hydrocyanation of aliphatic allenes with excellent regioselectivity is developed. This protocol enables a catalytic pathway to access various allylic nitriles containing quaternary carbon centers in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinguo Long
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xianjie Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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24
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Kim UB, Jung DJ, Jeon HJ, Rathwell K, Lee SG. Synergistic Dual Transition Metal Catalysis. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13382-13433. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U Bin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience (BK 21 Plus), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Da Jung Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience (BK 21 Plus), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience (BK 21 Plus), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Kris Rathwell
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience (BK 21 Plus), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Sang-gi Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience (BK 21 Plus), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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25
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Malinowski J, Zych D, Jacewicz D, Gawdzik B, Drzeżdżon J. Application of Coordination Compounds with Transition Metal Ions in the Chemical Industry-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155443. [PMID: 32751682 PMCID: PMC7432526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This publication presents the new trends and opportunities for further development of coordination compounds used in the chemical industry. The review describes the influence of various physicochemical factors regarding the coordination relationship (for example, steric hindrance, electron density, complex geometry, ligand), which condition technological processes. Coordination compounds are catalysts in technological processes used during organic synthesis, for example: Oxidation reactions, hydroformylation process, hydrogenation reaction, hydrocyanation process. In this article, we pointed out the possibilities of using complex compounds in catalysis, and we noticed what further research should be undertaken for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Malinowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (J.M.); (D.Z.); (D.J.); (J.D.)
| | - Dominika Zych
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (J.M.); (D.Z.); (D.J.); (J.D.)
| | - Dagmara Jacewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (J.M.); (D.Z.); (D.J.); (J.D.)
| | - Barbara Gawdzik
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, Świętokrzyska 15 G, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-41-349-70-16
| | - Joanna Drzeżdżon
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (J.M.); (D.Z.); (D.J.); (J.D.)
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26
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Zhang H, Luo Y, Zhu C, Dong S, Liu X, Feng X. Catalytic Asymmetric Addition Reactions of Formaldehyde N, N-Dialkylhydrazone to Synthesize Chiral Nitrile Derivatives. Org Lett 2020; 22:5217-5222. [PMID: 32525683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A number of nitrile-containing chiral molecules were synthesized via asymmetric nucleophilic addition of formaldehyde N,N-dialkylhydrazone as the nitrile equivalent. Chiral N,N'-dioxide/metal salt complexes enabled the asymmetric addition reactions to both isatin-derived imines and α,β-unsaturated ketones, generating amino nitriles and 4-oxobutanenitrile derivatives in good yields with high enantioselectivities. This protocol was highlighted by avoiding the use of toxic nitrile reagents, wide substrate scope, and versatile transformations of chiral hydrazone adducts into other valuable molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Chenhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shunxi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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27
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Song L, Fu N, Ernst BG, Lee WH, Frederick MO, DiStasio RA, Lin S. Dual electrocatalysis enables enantioselective hydrocyanation of conjugated alkenes. Nat Chem 2020; 12:747-754. [PMID: 32601407 PMCID: PMC7390704 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chiral nitriles and their derivatives are prevalent in pharmaceuticals and bioactive compounds. Enantioselective alkene hydrocyanation represents a convenient and efficient approach for synthesizing these molecules. However, a generally applicable method featuring a broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance remains elusive. Here, we address this long-standing synthetic problem using dual electrocatalysis. Using this strategy, we leverage electrochemistry to seamlessly combine two canonical radical reactions—cobalt-mediated hydrogen-atom transfer and copper-promoted radical cyanation—to accomplish highly enantioselective hydrocyanation without the need for stoichiometric oxidants. We also harness electrochemistry’s unique feature of precise potential control to optimize the chemoselectivity of challenging substrates. Computational analysis uncovers the origin of enantio-induction, for which the chiral catalyst imparts a combination of attractive and repulsive non-covalent interactions to direct the enantio-determining C–CN bond formation. This work demonstrates the power of electrochemistry in accessing new chemical space and providing solutions to pertinent challenges in synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Niankai Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Brian G Ernst
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Wai Hang Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael O Frederick
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert A DiStasio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Biao Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Sheng Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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29
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Bhawal BN, Reisenbauer JC, Ehinger C, Morandi B. Overcoming Selectivity Issues in Reversible Catalysis: A Transfer Hydrocyanation Exhibiting High Kinetic Control. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10914-10920. [PMID: 32478515 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reversible catalytic reactions operate under thermodynamic control, and thus, establishing a selective catalytic system poses a considerable challenge. Herein, we report a reversible transfer hydrocyanation protocol that exhibits high selectivity for the thermodynamically less favorable branched isomer. Selectivity is achieved by exploiting the lower barrier for C-CN oxidative addition and reductive elimination at benzylic positions in the absence of a cocatalytic Lewis acid. Through the design of a novel type of HCN donor, a practical, branched-selective, HCN-free transfer hydrocyanation was realized. The synthetically useful resolution of a mixture of branched and linear nitrile isomers was also demonstrated to underline the value of reversible and selective transfer reactions. In a broader context, this work demonstrates that high kinetic selectivity can be achieved in reversible transfer reactions, thus opening new horizons for their synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Bhawal
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Julia C Reisenbauer
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Bill Morandi
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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30
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Zhou Y, Zhou L, Jesikiewicz LT, Liu P, Buchwald SL. Synthesis of Pyrroles through the CuH-Catalyzed Coupling of Enynes and Nitriles. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9908-9914. [PMID: 32395998 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe an efficient method to prepare polysubstituted pyrroles via a copper hydride (CuH)-catalyzed enyne-nitrile coupling reaction. This protocol accommodates both aromatic and aliphatic substituents and a broad range of functional groups, providing a variety of N-H pyrroles in good yields and with high regioselectivity. We propose that the Cu-based catalyst promotes both the initial reductive coupling and subsequent cyclization steps. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Luke T Jesikiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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31
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Gröger H, Asano Y. Cyanide-Free Enantioselective Catalytic Strategies for the Synthesis of Chiral Nitriles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6243-6251. [PMID: 32250626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of enantioselective syntheses of nitriles gained increasing interest due to, e.g., an increasing demand for chiral nitriles for drug synthesis. Complementing existing routes, recently catalytic processes enabling an enantioselective formation of the chiral nitrile moiety without the need to utilize cyanide were accomplished. It is noteworthy that these processes are complementary to each other as they are based on different types of substrates, catalytic methods (utilizing chemo- and biocatalysts), and stereochemical reaction concepts (asymmetric synthesis versus resolution).
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.,Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
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32
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Zhao X, Song C, Rainier JD. Photoelectrocyclization Reactions of Conjugated Cycloalkenones: Scope and Reactivity. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5449-5463. [PMID: 32175747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Outlined here are studies exploring the scope of the sequential photoelectrocyclization, [1,5]-hydride shift of conjugated bis-aryl cycloalkenone substrates. We have found not only that the cyclization precursors can be synthesized in a modular fashion but also that the cyclization is efficient and amenable to the presence of a range of cycloalkenones and aromatic systems. Among the interesting discoveries from this work is that the electrocyclization intermediate can be competitively captured with protons and that the nature of the excited state (singlet vs triplet) is dependent on aromatic substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Changqing Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jon D Rainier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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33
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Xu T, Cao T, Feng Q, Huang S, Liao S. Metal-free dehydrosulfurization of thioamides to nitriles under visible light. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5151-5153. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01380c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A visible light-mediated dehydrosulfurization of thioamides to nitriles is demonstrated, using an organic dye as a photocatalyst and air as an oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Tianpeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Qingyuan Feng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
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34
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Ganesan M, Nagaraaj P. Recent developments in dehydration of primary amides to nitriles. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00843e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Various dehydration methods available for the direct conversion of amides to the corresponding nitriles have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthupandian Ganesan
- Toxicology Division
- Regional Forensic Science Laboratory
- Forensic Sciences Department
- Chennai-4
- India
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35
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Yu R, Fang X. Highly Enantioselective Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrocyanation of Disubstituted Methylenecyclopropanes Enabled by TADDOL-based Diphosphite Ligands. Org Lett 2019; 22:594-597. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianjie Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
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