1
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Lifar MS, Tereshchenko AA, Bulgakov AN, Guda SA, Guda AA, Soldatov AV. Optimal Dynamic Regimes for CO Oxidation Discovered by Reinforcement Learning. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:27987-27997. [PMID: 38973853 PMCID: PMC11223201 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles are widely used as heterogeneous catalysts to activate adsorbed molecules and reduce the energy barrier of the reaction. Reaction product yield depends on the interplay between elementary processes: adsorption, activation, desorption, and reaction. These processes, in turn, depend on the inlet gas composition, temperature, and pressure. At a steady state, the active surface sites may be inaccessible due to adsorbed reagents. Periodic regime may thus improve the yield, but the appropriate period and waveform are not known in advance. Dynamic control should account for surface and atmospheric modifications and adjust reaction parameters according to the current state of the system and its history. In this work, we applied a reinforcement learning algorithm to control CO oxidation on a palladium catalyst. The policy gradient algorithm was trained in the theoretical environment, parametrized from experimental data. The algorithm learned to maximize the CO2 formation rate based on CO and O2 partial pressures for several successive time steps. Within a unified approach, we found optimal stationary, periodic, and nonperiodic regimes for different problem formulations and gained insight into why the dynamic regime can be preferential. In general, this work contributes to the task of popularizing the reinforcement learning approach in the field of catalytic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail S. Lifar
- The
Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern
Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Andrei A. Tereshchenko
- The
Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern
Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Aleksei N. Bulgakov
- The
Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern
Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Guda
- The
Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern
Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Institute
for Mathematics, Mechanics and Computer Science in the name of I.I.
Vorovich, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Guda
- The
Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern
Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Soldatov
- The
Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern
Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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2
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Zhou W, Brack E, Ehinger C, Paterson J, Southouse J, Copéret C. Reactivity Switch of Platinum with Gallium: From Reverse Water Gas Shift to Methanol Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10806-10811. [PMID: 38572914 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The development of efficient catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol using "green" H2 is foreseen to be a key step to close the carbon cycle. In this study, we show that small and narrowly distributed alloyed PtGa nanoparticles supported on silica, prepared via a surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) approach, display notable activity for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol, reaching a 7.2 molCH3OH h-1 molPt-1 methanol formation rate with a 54% intrinsic CH3OH selectivity. This reactivity sharply contrasts with what is expected for Pt, which favors the reverse water gas shift reaction, albeit with poor activity (2.6 molCO2 h-1 molPt-1). In situ XAS studies indicate that ca. 50% of Ga is reduced to Ga0 yielding alloyed PtGa nanoparticles, while the remaining 50% persist as isolated GaIII sites. The PtGa catalyst slightly dealloys under CO2 hydrogenation conditions and displays redox dynamics with PtGa-GaOx interfaces responsible for promoting both the CO2 hydrogenation activity and methanol selectivity. Further tailoring the catalyst interface by using a carbon support in place of silica enables to improve the methanol formation rate by a factor of ∼5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enzo Brack
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Ehinger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - James Paterson
- bp Innovation & Engineering, Applied Sciences bp plc Saltend, Hull HU12 8DS, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Southouse
- bp Innovation & Engineering, Applied Sciences bp plc Saltend, Hull HU12 8DS, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Zimmerli NK, Rochlitz L, Checchia S, Müller CR, Copéret C, Abdala PM. Structure and Role of a Ga-Promoter in Ni-Based Catalysts for the Selective Hydrogenation of CO 2 to Methanol. JACS AU 2024; 4:237-252. [PMID: 38274252 PMCID: PMC10806875 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Supported, bimetallic catalysts have shown great promise for the selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. In this study, we decipher the catalytically active structure of Ni-Ga-based catalysts. To this end, model Ni-Ga-based catalysts, with varying Ni:Ga ratios, were prepared by a surface organometallic chemistry approach. In situ differential pair distribution function (d-PDF) analysis revealed that catalyst activation in H2 leads to the formation of nanoparticles based on a Ni-Ga face-centered cubic (fcc) alloy along with a small quantity of GaOx. Structure refinements of the d-PDF data enabled us to determine the amount of both alloyed Ga and GaOx species. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments confirmed the presence of alloyed Ga and GaOx and indicated that alloying with Ga affects the electronic structure of metallic Ni (viz., Niδ-). Both the Ni:Ga ratio in the alloy and the quantity of GaOx are found to minimize methanation and to determine the methanol formation rate and the resulting methanol selectivity. The highest formation rate and methanol selectivity are found for a Ni-Ga alloy having a Ni:Ga ratio of ∼75:25 along with a small quantity of oxidized Ga species (0.14 molNi-1). Furthermore, operando infrared spectroscopy experiments indicate that GaOx species play a role in the stabilization of formate surface intermediates, which are subsequently further hydrogenated to methoxy species and ultimately to methanol. Notably, operando XAS shows that alloying between Ni and Ga is maintained under reaction conditions and is key to attaining a high methanol selectivity (by minimizing CO and CH4 formation), while oxidized Ga species enhance the methanol formation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora K. Zimmerli
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, CH 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Rochlitz
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Checchia
- ESRF
− The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christoph R. Müller
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, CH 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paula M. Abdala
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, CH 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Zhou X, Price GA, Sunley GJ, Copéret C. Small Cobalt Nanoparticles Favor Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction Over Methanation Under CO 2 Hydrogenation Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314274. [PMID: 37955591 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt-based catalysts are well-known to convert syngas into a variety of Fischer-Tropsch (FTS) products depending on the various reaction parameters, in particular particle size. In contrast, the reactivity of these particles has been much less investigated in the context of CO2 hydrogenation. In that context, Surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) was employed to synthesize highly dispersed cobalt nanoparticles (Co-NPs) with particle sizes ranging from 1.6 to 3.0 nm. These SOMC-derived Co-NPs display significantly different catalytic performances under CO2 hydrogenation conditions: while the smallest cobalt nanoparticles (1.6 nm) catalyze mainly the reverse water-gas shift (rWGS) reaction, the larger nanoparticles (2.1-3.0 nm) favor the expected methanation activity. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy shows that the smaller cobalt particles are fully oxidized under CO2 hydrogenation conditions, while the larger ones remain mostly metallic, paralleling the observed difference of catalytic performances. This fundamental shift of selectivity, away from methanation to reverse water-gas shift for the smaller nanoparticles is noteworthy and correlates with the formation of CoO under CO2 hydrogenation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gregory A Price
- BP Innovation & Engineering, Applied Sciences, BP plc, Saltend, Hull, HU12 8DS, UK
| | - Glenn J Sunley
- BP Innovation & Engineering, Applied Sciences, BP plc, Saltend, Hull, HU12 8DS, UK
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Xie J, Olsbye U. The Oxygenate-Mediated Conversion of CO x to Hydrocarbons─On the Role of Zeolites in Tandem Catalysis. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11775-11816. [PMID: 37769023 PMCID: PMC10603784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Decentralized chemical plants close to circular carbon sources will play an important role in shaping the postfossil society. This scenario calls for carbon technologies which valorize CO2 and CO with renewable H2 and utilize process intensification approaches. The single-reactor tandem reaction approach to convert COx to hydrocarbons via oxygenate intermediates offers clear benefits in terms of improved thermodynamics and energy efficiency. Simultaneously, challenges and complexity in terms of catalyst material and mechanism, reactor, and process gaps have to be addressed. While the separate processes, namely methanol synthesis and methanol to hydrocarbons, are commercialized and extensively discussed, this review focuses on the zeolite/zeotype function in the oxygenate-mediated conversion of COx to hydrocarbons. Use of shape-selective zeolite/zeotype catalysts enables the selective production of fuel components as well as key intermediates for the chemical industry, such as BTX, gasoline, light olefins, and C3+ alkanes. In contrast to the separate processes which use methanol as a platform, this review examines the potential of methanol, dimethyl ether, and ketene as possible oxygenate intermediates in separate chapters. We explore the connection between literature on the individual reactions for converting oxygenates and the tandem reaction, so as to identify transferable knowledge from the individual processes which could drive progress in the intensification of the tandem process. This encompasses a multiscale approach, from molecule (mechanism, oxygenate molecule), to catalyst, to reactor configuration, and finally to process level. Finally, we present our perspectives on related emerging technologies, outstanding challenges, and potential directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiu Xie
- SMN
Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 26, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Green
Chemical Reaction Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute
Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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6
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Zhou H, Docherty SR, Phongprueksathat N, Chen Z, Bukhtiyarov AV, Prosvirin IP, Safonova OV, Urakawa A, Copéret C, Müller CR, Fedorov A. Combining Atomic Layer Deposition with Surface Organometallic Chemistry to Enhance Atomic-Scale Interactions and Improve the Activity and Selectivity of Cu-Zn/SiO 2 Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of CO 2 to Methanol. JACS AU 2023; 3:2536-2549. [PMID: 37772188 PMCID: PMC10523371 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The direct synthesis of methanol via the hydrogenation of CO2, if performed efficiently and selectively, is potentially a powerful technology for CO2 mitigation. Here, we develop an active and selective Cu-Zn/SiO2 catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO2 by introducing copper and zinc onto dehydroxylated silica via surface organometallic chemistry and atomic layer deposition, respectively. At 230 °C and 25 bar, the optimized catalyst shows an intrinsic methanol formation rate of 4.3 g h-1 gCu-1 and selectivity to methanol of 83%, with a space-time yield of 0.073 g h-1 gcat-1 at a contact time of 0.06 s g mL-1. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Cu and Zn K-edges and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies reveal that the CuZn alloy displays reactive metal support interactions; that is, it is stable under H2 atmosphere and unstable under conditions of CO2 hydrogenation, indicating that the dealloyed structure contains the sites promoting methanol synthesis. While solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies identify methoxy species as the main stable surface adsorbate, transient operando diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy indicates that μ-HCOO*(ZnOx) species that form on the Cu-Zn/SiO2 catalyst are hydrogenated to methanol faster than the μ-HCOO*(Cu) species that are found in the Zn-free Cu/SiO2 catalyst, supporting the role of Zn in providing a higher activity in the Cu-Zn system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department
of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua
University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Scott R. Docherty
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nat Phongprueksathat
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Zixuan Chen
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrey V. Bukhtiyarov
- Synchrotron
Radiation Facility SKIF, Boreskov Institute
of Catalysis SB RAS, 630559 Kol’tsovo, Russia
| | | | | | - Atsushi Urakawa
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph R. Müller
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Fedorov
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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7
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Ehinger C, Zhou X, Candrian M, Docherty SR, Pollitt S, Copéret C. Group 10 Metal Allyl Amidinates: A Family of Readily Accessible and Stable Molecular Precursors to Generate Supported Nanoparticles. JACS AU 2023; 3:2314-2322. [PMID: 37654588 PMCID: PMC10466329 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of well-defined materials as model systems for catalysis and related fields is an important pillar in the understanding of catalytic processes at a molecular level. Various approaches employing organometallic precursors have been developed and established to make monodispersed supported nanoparticles, nanocrystals, and films. Using rational design principles, a new family of precursors based on group 10 metals suitable for the generation of small and monodispersed nanoparticles on metal oxides has been developed. Particle formation on SiO2 and Al2O3 supports is demonstrated, as well as the potential in the synthesis of bimetallic catalyst materials, exemplified by a PdGa/SiO2 system capable of hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. In addition to surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC), it is envisioned that these precursors could also be employed in related applications, such as atomic layer deposition, due to their inherent volatility and relative thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ehinger
- D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir−Prelog-Weg 1−5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir−Prelog-Weg 1−5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Max Candrian
- D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir−Prelog-Weg 1−5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Scott R. Docherty
- D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir−Prelog-Weg 1−5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Pollitt
- D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir−Prelog-Weg 1−5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- PSI, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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8
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Lee SW, Luna ML, Berdunov N, Wan W, Kunze S, Shaikhutdinov S, Cuenya BR. Unraveling surface structures of gallium promoted transition metal catalysts in CO 2 hydrogenation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4649. [PMID: 37532720 PMCID: PMC10397205 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallium-containing alloys have recently been reported to hydrogenate CO2 to methanol at ambient pressures. However, a full understanding of the Ga-promoted catalysts is still missing due to the lack of information about the surface structures formed under reaction conditions. Here, we employed near ambient pressure scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to monitor the evolution of well-defined Cu-Ga surfaces during CO2 hydrogenation. We show the formation of two-dimensional Ga(III) oxide islands embedded into the Cu surface in the reaction atmosphere. The islands are a few atomic layers in thickness and considerably differ from bulk Ga2O3 polymorphs. Such a complex structure, which could not be determined with conventional characterization methods on powder catalysts, should be used for elucidating the reaction mechanism on the Ga-promoted metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Woo Lee
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mauricio Lopez Luna
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolay Berdunov
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Weiming Wan
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kunze
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shamil Shaikhutdinov
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Docherty SR, Safonova OV, Copéret C. Surface Redox Dynamics in Gold-Zinc CO 2 Hydrogenation Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37318330 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Au-Zn catalysts have previously been shown to promote the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol, but their active state is poorly understood. Here, silica-supported bimetallic Au-Zn alloys, prepared by surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC), are shown to be proficient catalysts for hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), in conjunction with gas-switching experiments, is used to amplify subtle changes occurring at the surface of this tailored catalyst during reaction. Consequently, an Au-Zn alloy is identified and is shown to undergo subsequent reversible redox changes under reaction conditions according to multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS) analysis. These results highlight the role of alloying and dealloying in Au-based CO2 hydrogenation catalysts and illustrate the role of these reversible processes in driving reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Docherty
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Zhou W, Docherty SR, Ehinger C, Zhou X, Copéret C. The promotional role of Mn in CO 2 hydrogenation over Rh-based catalysts from a surface organometallic chemistry approach. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5379-5385. [PMID: 37234901 PMCID: PMC10207883 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01163a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rh-based catalysts modified by transition metals have been intensively studied for CO2 hydrogenation due to their high activity. However, understanding the role of promoters at the molecular level remains challenging due to the ill-defined structure of heterogeneous catalysts. Here, we constructed well-defined RhMn@SiO2 and Rh@SiO2 model catalysts via surface organometallic chemistry combined with thermolytic molecular precursor (SOMC/TMP) approach to rationalize the promotional effect of Mn in CO2 hydrogenation. We show that the addition of Mn shifts the products from almost pure CH4 to a mixture of methane and oxygenates (CO, CH3OH, and CH3CH2OH) upon going from Rh@SiO2 to RhMn@SiO2. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) confirms that the MnII is atomically dispersed in the vicinity of metallic Rh nanoparticles and enables to induce the oxidation of Rh to form the Mn-O-Rh interface under reaction conditions. The formed interface is proposed to be key to maintaining Rh+ sites, which is related to suppressing the methanation reaction and stabilizing the formate species as evidenced by in situ DRIFTS to promote the formation of CO and alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg2 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Scott R Docherty
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg2 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christian Ehinger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg2 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg2 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg2 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
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11
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A Review on Green Hydrogen Valorization by Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Captured CO2 into Value-Added Products. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic hydrogenation of captured CO2 by different industrial processes allows obtaining liquid biofuels and some chemical products that not only present the interest of being obtained from a very low-cost raw material (CO2) that indeed constitutes an environmental pollution problem but also constitute an energy vector, which can facilitate the storage and transport of very diverse renewable energies. Thus, the combined use of green H2 and captured CO2 to obtain chemical products and biofuels has become attractive for different processes such as power-to-liquids (P2L) and power-to-gas (P2G), which use any renewable power to convert carbon dioxide and water into value-added, synthetic renewable E-fuels and renewable platform molecules, also contributing in an important way to CO2 mitigation. In this regard, there has been an extraordinary increase in the study of supported metal catalysts capable of converting CO2 into synthetic natural gas, according to the Sabatier reaction, or in dimethyl ether, as in power-to-gas processes, as well as in liquid hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch process, and especially in producing methanol by P2L processes. As a result, the current review aims to provide an overall picture of the most recent research, focusing on the last five years, when research in this field has increased dramatically.
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12
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Chen H, Gao P, Liu Z, Liang L, Han Q, Wang Z, Chen K, Zhao Z, Guo M, Liu X, Han X, Bao X, Hou G. Direct Detection of Reactive Gallium-Hydride Species on the Ga 2O 3 Surface via Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17365-17375. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhengmao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lixin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kuizhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhenchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Meiling Guo
- Energy Innovation Laboratory, BP (China) Dalian Office, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xuebin Liu
- Energy Innovation Laboratory, BP (China) Dalian Office, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiuwen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xinhe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guangjin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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13
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Copéret C, Gioffre D, Rochlize L, Payard PA, Yakimov A, Gioffrè D, Rochlitz L. Grafting of Group‐10 Organometallic Complexes on Silicas Differences and Similarities, Surprises and Rational. Helv Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Copéret
- Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10HCI H 229 8093 Zürich SWITZERLAND
| | - Domenico Gioffre
- ETH Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich D-CHAB SWITZERLAND
| | - Lukas Rochlize
- ETH Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich D-CHAB SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Alexander Yakimov
- ETH Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich D-CHAB SWITZERLAND
| | - Domenico Gioffrè
- ETH Zurich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Lukas Rochlitz
- ETH Zurich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Chemistry SWITZERLAND
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14
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Sun Y, Wu J, Wang Y, Li J, Wang N, Harding J, Mo S, Chen L, Chen P, Fu M, Ye D, Huang J, Tu X. Plasma-Catalytic CO 2 Hydrogenation over a Pd/ZnO Catalyst: In Situ Probing of Gas-Phase and Surface Reactions. JACS AU 2022; 2:1800-1810. [PMID: 36032530 PMCID: PMC9400056 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-catalytic CO2 hydrogenation is a complex chemical process combining plasma-assisted gas-phase and surface reactions. Herein, we investigated CO2 hydrogenation over Pd/ZnO and ZnO in a tubular dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor at ambient pressure. Compared to the CO2 hydrogenation using Plasma Only or Plasma + ZnO, placing Pd/ZnO in the DBD almost doubled the conversion of CO2 (36.7%) and CO yield (35.5%). The reaction pathways in the plasma-enhanced catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 were investigated by in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy using a novel integrated in situ DBD/FTIR gas cell reactor, combined with online mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, kinetic analysis, and emission spectroscopic measurements. In plasma CO2 hydrogenation over Pd/ZnO, the hydrogenation of adsorbed surface CO2 on Pd/ZnO is the dominant reaction route for the enhanced CO2 conversion, which can be ascribed to the generation of a ZnO x overlay as a result of the strong metal-support interactions (SMSI) at the Pd-ZnO interface and the presence of abundant H species at the surface of Pd/ZnO; however, this important surface reaction can be limited in the Plasma + ZnO system due to a lack of active H species present on the ZnO surface and the absence of the SMSI. Instead, CO2 splitting to CO, both in the plasma gas phase and on the surface of ZnO, is believed to make an important contribution to the conversion of CO2 in the Plasma + ZnO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Sun
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution
Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- International
Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling
of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang
Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Junliang Wu
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution
Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaolin Wang
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K.
| | - Jingjing Li
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution
Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ni Wang
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K.
| | - Jonathan Harding
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K.
| | - Shengpeng Mo
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution
Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution
Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peirong Chen
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution
Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mingli Fu
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution
Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daiqi Ye
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution
Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Laboratory
for Catalysis Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,
Sydney Nano Institute, The University of
Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xin Tu
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K.
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15
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Zeng Y, Chen Y, Wu Y, Wang D, Liu X, Li L. Mechanism of Photocatalytic Reduction of CO 2 to CH 3OH by Cu Nanoparticle and Metal Atom (Ag, Au, Pd, Zn)-Doped Cu Catalyst: A Theoretical Study. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Yang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Laicai Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
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16
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Kim DY, Ham H, Chen X, Liu S, Xu H, Lu B, Furukawa S, Kim HH, Takakusagi S, Sasaki K, Nozaki T. Cooperative Catalysis of Vibrationally Excited CO 2 and Alloy Catalyst Breaks the Thermodynamic Equilibrium Limitation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14140-14149. [PMID: 35862699 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Using nonthermal plasma (NTP) to promote CO2 hydrogenation is one of the most promising approaches that overcome the limitations of conventional thermal catalysis. However, the catalytic surface reaction dynamics of NTP-activated species are still under debate. The NTP-activated CO2 hydrogenation was investigated in Pd2Ga/SiO2 alloy catalysts and compared to thermal conditions. Although both thermal and NTP conditions showed close to 100% CO selectivity, it is worth emphasizing that when activated by NTP, CO2 conversion not only improves more than 2-fold under thermal conditions but also breaks the thermodynamic equilibrium limitation. Mechanistic insights into NTP-activated species and alloy catalyst surface were investigated by using in situ transmission infrared spectroscopy, where catalyst surface species were identified during NTP irradiation. Moreover, in in situ X-ray absorption fine-structure analysis under reaction conditions, the catalyst under NTP conditions not only did not undergo restructuring affecting CO2 hydrogenation but also could clearly rule out catalyst activation by heating. In situ characterizations of the catalysts during CO2 hydrogenation depict that vibrationally excited CO2 significantly enhances the catalytic reaction. The agreement of approaches combining experimental studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations substantiates that vibrationally excited CO2 reacts directly with hydrogen adsorbed on Pd sites while accelerating formate formation due to neighboring Ga sites. Moreover, DFT analysis deduces the key reaction pathway that the decomposition of monodentate formate is promoted by plasma-activated hydrogen species. This work enables the high designability of CO2 hydrogenation catalysts toward value-added chemicals based on the electrification of chemical processes via NTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Yeong Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hyungwon Ham
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Xiaozhong Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shuai Liu
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Haoran Xu
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Bang Lu
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shinya Furukawa
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hyun-Ha Kim
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan
| | - Satoru Takakusagi
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Koichi Sasaki
- Division of Applied Quantum Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nozaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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17
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Jo S, Cruz L, Shah S, Wasantwisut S, Phan A, Gilliard-AbdulAziz KL. Perspective on Sorption Enhanced Bifunctional Catalysts to Produce Hydrocarbons. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seongbin Jo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California−Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
| | - Luz Cruz
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California−Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
| | - Soham Shah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California−Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
| | - Somchate Wasantwisut
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California−Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
| | - Annette Phan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California−Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
| | - Kandis Leslie Gilliard-AbdulAziz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California−Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California−Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
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18
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Kadam KR, Waghmare AS, Murade VD, Gurav SS, Wankhede DS, Kamble VT. Silica Bonded Bis(Hydrogensulphato)Benzene as a New, Sustainable Catalytic Material for an Efficient and Aqueous Based Synthesis of 5-Oxo-4 H-Pyrano[3,2- c]Quinolone Scaffolds. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2052120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. R. Kadam
- Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College Pravaranagar, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - A. S. Waghmare
- Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College Pravaranagar, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - V. D. Murade
- Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College Pravaranagar, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - S. S. Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa, India
| | - D. S. Wankhede
- School of Chemical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
| | - V. T. Kamble
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science Nagpur, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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19
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Escomel L, Abbott D, Mougel V, Veyre L, Thieuleux C, Camp C. Highly Dispersed Silica-Supported Iridium and Iridium-Aluminium Catalysts for Methane Activation Prepared via Surface Organometallic Chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8214-8217. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02139k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The grafting of an iridium-aluminium precursor onto silica followed by thermal treatment under H2 yields small (<2 nm), narrowly distributed nanoparticles used as catalysts for methane H/D exchange. This Ir-Al/SiO2...
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20
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Zhao J, Zhang H, Wang H, Wang J. Tuning Lewis acid/base on the TiO2-supported Pd-CoOx interfaces to control the CO2 selective hydrogenation. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.112076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Ting KW, Imbe T, Kamakura H, Maeno Z, Siddiki SMAH, Matsushita K, Shimizu KI, Toyao T. Catalytic Methylation of Benzene over Pt/MoOx/TiO2 and Zeolite Catalyst using CO2 and H2. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kah Wei Ting
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takuto Imbe
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Haruka Kamakura
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Zen Maeno
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Matsushita
- Central Technical Research Laboratory, ENEOS Corporation, Yokohama 231-0815, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Shimizu
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Takashi Toyao
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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22
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Docherty SR, Copéret C. Deciphering Metal–Oxide and Metal–Metal Interplay via Surface Organometallic Chemistry: A Case Study with CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6767-6780. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott R. Docherty
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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