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Singh D, Verma R, Singh KR, Srivastava M, Singh RP, Singh J. Biogenic synthesis of CuO/ZnO nanocomposite from Bauhinia variegate flower extract for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of vitamin B 2. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 161:213898. [PMID: 38796957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we report the preparation of bio-inspired binary CuO/ZnO nanocomposite (bb-CuO/ZnO nanocomposite) via the biological route using Bauhinia variegata flower extract following hydrothermal treatment. The prepared bb-CuO/ZnO nanocomposite was electrophoretically deposited (EPD) on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate to develop bb-CuO/ZnO/ITO biosensing electrode which is employed for the determination of vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) through electrochemical techniques. Physicochemical assets of the prepared bb-CuO/ZnO nanocomposite have been extensively evaluated and make use of different characterization techniques including powder XRD, FT-IR, AFM, SEM, TEM, EDX, XPS, Raman, and TGA. Electrochemical characteristics of the bb-CuO/ZnO/ITO biosensing electrode have been studied towards vitamin B2 determination. Furthermore, different biosensing parameters such as response time, reusability, stability, interference, and real sample analysis were also estimated. From the linear plot of scan rate, charge transfer rate constant (Ks), surface concentration of electrode (γ), and diffusion coefficient (D) have been calculated, and these are found to be 6.56 × 10-1 s-1, 1.21 × 10-7 mol cm-2, and 6.99 × 10-3 cm2 s-1, respectively. This biosensor exhibits the linear range of vitamin B2 detection from 1 to 40 μM, including sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) of 1.37 × 10-3 mA/μM cm2 and 0.254 μM, respectively. For higher concentration range detection linearity is 50-100 μM, with sensitivity and the LOD of 1.26 × 10-3 mA/μM cm2 and 0.145 μM, respectively. The results indicate that the bio-inspired nanomaterials are promising sustainable biosensing platforms for various food and health-based biosensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Rahul Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Kshitij Rb Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India; Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, (Deemed to be University), Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Ravindra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh 484887, India
| | - Jay Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
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Abhayashri Kamath K, Manjunatha J, Girish T, Sillanpää M, TIGHEZZA AM, Albaqami MD. Sensitive electrochemical determination of riboflavin at simple and low-cost poly (valine) modified graphite paste electrode. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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3
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Electrochemical detection of riboflavin using tin-chitosan modified pencil graphite electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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4
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A Novel Vitamin E TPGS-Based Formulation Enhances Chlorhexidine Bioavailability in Corneal Layers. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070642. [PMID: 32650410 PMCID: PMC7407793 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratitis is a severe condition characterized by inflammation of the cornea following a local trauma. The most common ocular disease is the bacterial one, which requires an antibiotic treatment. The major limitation of this therapy is the resistance of the antibiotic. For this reason, alternative procedures have been developed and consist of antimicrobial molecules. One of the most used is the chlorhexidine gluconate, which has shown activity versus Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. In addition to its efficiency, chlorhexidine shows low toxicity levels for mammalian cells and is a low-cost molecule. Despite its multiple benefits, chlorhexidine, if used at concentrations higher than 0.02% (w/w), can cause local eye irritation. Additionally, its poor penetrability through the cornea makes necessary frequent instillation of eye drops for a prolonged time. Due to these limitations, alternative drug delivery strategies are required. Here, we report a novel formulation based on the combination of d-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate with chlorhexidine, which results in higher accumulation of the drug in human corneas measured by liquid chromatography and strong antimicrobial activity. Moreover, this formulation does not cause any toxic effect on human cells and is well tolerated by rabbit eyes. Therefore this novel formulation represents a good candidate for the treatment of keratitis that overcomes the risk of antibiotic resistance.
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5
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Riboflavin and thiamine content in extracts of wild-grown plants for medicinal and cosmetic use. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-01017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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6
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Substances in beer that cause fluorescence: evaluating the qualitative and quantitative determination of these ingredients. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Priyadarshini E, Rawat K, Bohidar HB. Multimode sensing of riboflavin via Ag@carbon dot conjugates. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-01090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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9
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Sinha T, Makia M, Du J, Naash MI, Al-Ubaidi MR. Flavin homeostasis in the mouse retina during aging and degeneration. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:123-133. [PMID: 30290331 PMCID: PMC7162609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Involvement of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) in cellular homeostasis has been well established for tissues other than the retina. Here, we present an optimized method to effectively extract and quantify FAD and FMN from a single neural retina and its corresponding retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Optimizations led to detection efficiency of 0.1 pmol for FAD and FMN while 0.01 pmol for riboflavin. Interestingly, levels of FAD and FMN in the RPE were found to be 1.7- and 12.5-fold higher than their levels in the retina, respectively. Both FAD and FMN levels in the RPE and retina gradually decline with age and preceded the age-dependent drop in the functional competence of the retina as measured by electroretinography. Further, quantifications of retinal levels of FAD and FMN in different mouse models of retinal degeneration revealed differential metabolic requirements of these two factors in relation to the rate and degree of photoreceptor degeneration. We also found twofold reductions in retinal levels of FAD and FMN in two mouse models of diabetic retinopathy. Altogether, our results suggest that retinal levels of FAD and FMN can be used as potential markers to determine state of health of the retina in general and more specifically the photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirthankar Sinha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
| | - Mustafa Makia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
| | - Jianhai Du
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Muna I Naash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204.
| | - Muayyad R Al-Ubaidi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204.
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A Review of the Extraction and Determination Methods of Thirteen Essential Vitamins to the Human Body: An Update from 2010. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061484. [PMID: 29921801 PMCID: PMC6099991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins are a class of essential nutrients in the body; thus, they play important roles in human health. The chemicals are involved in many physiological functions and both their lack and excess can put health at risk. Therefore, the establishment of methods for monitoring vitamin concentrations in different matrices is necessary. In this review, an updated overview of the main pretreatments and determination methods that have been used since 2010 is given. Ultrasonic assisted extraction, liquid–liquid extraction, solid phase extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction are the most common pretreatment methods, while the determination methods involve chromatography methods, electrophoretic methods, microbiological assays, immunoassays, biosensors and several other methods. Different pretreatments and determination methods are discussed.
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11
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Development of a HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of riboflavin and other flavin compounds in liquid milk and milk products. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Persichetti G, Grimaldi IA, Testa G, Bernini R. Multifunctional optofluidic lab-on-chip platform for Raman and fluorescence spectroscopic microfluidic analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2631-2639. [PMID: 28664956 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00460e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A multifunctional lab-on-a-chip platform for spectroscopic analysis of liquid samples based on an optofluidic jet waveguide is reported. The optofluidic detection scheme is achieved through the total internal reflection arising in a liquid jet of only 150 μm diameter, leading to highly efficient signal excitation and collection. This results in an optofluidic chip with an alignment-free spectroscopic detection scheme, which avoids any background from the sample container. This platform has been designed for multiwavelength fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy. The chip integrates a recirculation system that reduces the required sample volume. The evaluation of the device performance has been accomplished by means of fluorescence measurements performed on eosin Y in water solutions, achieving a limit of detection of 33 pM. The sensor has been applied in Raman spectroscopy of water-ethanol solutions, leading to a limit of detection of 0.18%. As additional application, analysis of riboflavin using fluorescence detection demonstrates the possibility of detecting this vitamin at the 560 pM level (0.21 ng l-1). Although measurements have been performed by means of a compact and low-cost spectrometer, in both cases the micro-jet optofluidic chip achieved similar performances if not better than high-end benchtop based laboratory equipment. This approach paves the way towards portable lab-on-a-chip devices for high sensitivity environmental and biochemical sensing, using optical spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Persichetti
- Institute for Electromagnetic Monitoring of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.
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13
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Ravi G, Venkatesh YP. Immunoassays for riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide using antibodies specific to d-ribitol and d-ribitol-5-phosphate. J Immunol Methods 2017; 445:59-66. [PMID: 28327345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Riboflavin (vitamin B2), a water-soluble vitamin, plays a key role in maintaining human health. Though, numerous methods have been reported for the determination of total riboflavin (TRF) content in foods and biological samples, very few methods are reported for quantifying riboflavin and its coenzymes [flavin mononucleotide (FMN); flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)] individually. Recently, we have demonstrated that antibodies specific to d-ribitol and d-ribitol-5-phosphate also recognize riboflavin and FMN, respectively, and not vice-versa. In this study, we have evaluated these two antibodies for the analysis of riboflavin and FMN by indirect competitive ELISA (icELISA) in selected foods and pharmaceuticals. Under the optimal assay conditions, 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) and limit of detection (LOD, IC10) were 3.41ng/mL and 0.02ng/mL for riboflavin, and 7.84ng/mL and 0.24ng/mL for FMN, respectively, with detectable concentration range between 0.1 and 100ng of analytes and <0.1% cross-reactivity with other water-soluble vitamins. The amounts of TRF in food samples, as analyzed by icELISA using ribitol antibody, were 90-95% of the reported values in the literature or label values. Quantification of individual flavins (riboflavin and FMN) from the same food samples showed variation in their values compared to TRF, and were in good agreement with values obtained from HPLC and AOAC methods. Further, spiking and recovery analysis of food samples and pharmaceuticals showed no significant matrix effects. The immunoassays were validated in terms of accuracy and precision using inter- and intra-assays. The immunoassays developed in this study are sensitive and appears feasible for screening a large number of samples in the quantification of riboflavin and FMN in various biological samples, pharmaceuticals and natural/processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ravi
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru 570020, Karnataka State, India
| | - Yeldur P Venkatesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru 570020, Karnataka State, India.
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14
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Ma Q, Song J, Zhang S, Wang M, Guo Y, Dong C. Colorimetric detection of riboflavin by silver nanoparticles capped with β-cyclodextrin-grafted citrate. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 148:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Si RW, Yang Y, Yu YY, Han S, Zhang CL, Sun DZ, Zhai DD, Liu X, Yong YC. Wiring Bacterial Electron Flow for Sensitive Whole-Cell Amperometric Detection of Riboflavin. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11222-11228. [PMID: 27750415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A whole-cell bioelectrochemical biosensing system for amperometric detection of riboflavin was developed. A "bioelectrochemical wire" (BW) consisting of riboflavin and cytochrome C between Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and electrode was characterized. Typically, a strong electrochemical response was observed when riboflavin (VB2) was added to reinforce this BW. Impressively, the electrochemical response of riboflavin with this BW was over 200 times higher than that without bacteria. Uniquely, this electron rewiring process enabled the development of a biosensing system for amperometric detection of riboflavin. Remarkably, this amperometric method showed high sensitivity (LOD = 2.2 nM, S/N = 3), wide linear range (5 nM ∼ 10 μM, 3 orders of magnitude), good selectivity, and high resistance to interferences. Additionally, the developed amperometric method featured good stability and reusability. It was further applied for accurate and reliable determination of riboflavin in real conditions including food, pharmaceutical, and clinical samples without pretreatment. Both the cost-effectiveness and robustness make this whole-cell amperometric system ideal for practical applications. This work demonstrated the power of bioelectrochemical signal amplification with exoelectrogen and also provided a new idea for development of versatile whole-cell amperometric biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Wei Si
- Biofuels Institute and ‡School of the Environment, Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Biofuels Institute and ‡School of the Environment, Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang-Yang Yu
- Biofuels Institute and ‡School of the Environment, Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Song Han
- Biofuels Institute and ‡School of the Environment, Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun-Lian Zhang
- Biofuels Institute and ‡School of the Environment, Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - De-Zhen Sun
- Biofuels Institute and ‡School of the Environment, Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhai
- Biofuels Institute and ‡School of the Environment, Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Biofuels Institute and ‡School of the Environment, Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang-Chun Yong
- Biofuels Institute and ‡School of the Environment, Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
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16
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Kowalczyk A, Sadowska M, Krasnodebska-Ostrega B, Nowicka AM. Selective and sensitive electrochemical device for direct VB 2 determination in real products. Talanta 2016; 163:72-77. [PMID: 27886772 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The developed by us electrochemical device for vitamin B2 (VB2; riboflavin) determination, without preconcentration step, in real products exhibits high sensitivity, selectivity, stability and low detection limit compared to those described in the literature. The determination procedure was based on the monitoring of the reduction current signal of VB2 bound with dsDNA anchored to the electrode surface through intermediary - carboxyphenyl layer. The application of such intermediary layer formed during electroreduction of appropriate diazonium salt at CV peak potential guarantees high efficiency of hybridization process and thus fully available places for VB2 interaction. Moreover, such intermediary layer provides good electrical contact, what is very important in the case of electrochemical sensors. The analytical range of work of the proposed VB2 sensor was between 0.08-1µM (30-377μgL-1) of riboflavin concentration. The obtained detection (LOD) and quantification limits (LOQ) were 24±2 and 55±5μgL-1, respectively. The proposed VB2 detection method was used for determination of riboflavin content in commercially available dietary supplements and yolk of hen egg samples. The accuracy of the obtained data was proved using comparison with an independent method (HPLC FLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kowalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Sadowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna M Nowicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Characterization of Anatolian honeys based on minerals, bioactive components and principal component analysis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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18
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Ciulu M, Spano N, Pilo MI, Sanna G. Recent Advances in the Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Unifloral Honeys. Molecules 2016; 21:451. [PMID: 27070567 PMCID: PMC6273725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey is one of the most renowned natural foods. Its composition is extremely variable, depending on its botanical and geographical origins, and the abundant presence of functional compounds has contributed to the increased worldwide interest is this foodstuff. In particular, great attention has been paid by the scientific community towards classes of compounds like phenolic compounds, due to their capability to act as markers of unifloral honey origin. In this contribution the most recent progress in the assessment of new analytical procedures aimed at the definition of the qualitative and quantitative profile of phenolic compounds of honey have been highlighted. A special emphasis has been placed on the innovative aspects concerning the extraction procedures, along with the most recent strategies proposed for the analysis of phenolic compounds. Moreover, the centrality of validation procedures has been claimed and extensively discussed in order to ensure the fitness-for-purpose of the proposed analytical methods. In addition, the exploitation of the phenolic profile as a tool for the classification of the botanical and geographical origin has been described, pointing out the usefulness of chemometrics in the interpretation of data sets originating from the analysis of polyphenols. Finally, recent results in concerning the evaluation of the antioxidant properties of unifloral honeys and the development of new analytical approaches aimed at measuring this parameter have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ciulu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Nadia Spano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Maria I Pilo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Gavino Sanna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Hucker B, Vriesekoop F, Vriesekoop-Beswick A, Wakeling L, Vriesekoop-Beswick H, Hucker A. Vitamins in brewing: effects of post-fermentation treatments and exposure and maturation on the thiamine and riboflavin vitamer content of beer. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry Hucker
- School of Science and Technology; Federation University Australia; Ballarat Victoria Australia
| | - Frank Vriesekoop
- School of Science and Technology; Federation University Australia; Ballarat Victoria Australia
- Department of Food Science and Agri-Food Supply Chain Management; Harper Adams University; Newport TF10 8NB UK
| | | | - Lara Wakeling
- School of Science and Technology; Federation University Australia; Ballarat Victoria Australia
| | | | - Amy Hucker
- School of Science and Technology; Federation University Australia; Ballarat Victoria Australia
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20
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Sensitive and selective determination of riboflavin (vitamin B2) based on boron-doped diamond electrode. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Chávez JL, Leny JK, Witt S, Slusher GM, Hagen JA, Kelley-Loughnane N. Plasmonic aptamer-gold nanoparticle sensors for small molecule fingerprint identification. Analyst 2015; 139:6214-22. [PMID: 25319608 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of the plasmonic response of aptamer-gold nanoparticle conjugates (Apt-AuNPs) to design cross-reactive arrays for fingerprint identification of small molecular targets was demonstrated for the first time. Four aptamers with different structural features previously selected to bind different targets were used in combination with AuNPs by adsorbing the DNA on the AuNPs surface. The optimized response of the Apt-AuNPs to the analytes showed that, depending on the specific aptamer used, target binding by the aptamer could result in an increase or decrease of Apt-AuNPs stability. These Apt-AuNPs showed the ability to recognize different analytes with different affinities, generating fingerprints that allowed unambiguous analyte identification with response times in less than fifteen minutes. Importantly, it was observed that it was not necessary to select an aptamer per analyte of interest to generate differentiable signatures, but a subset of aptamers could be used to identify a larger number of analytes. The data was analyzed using principal component analysis, showing efficient clustering of the different datasets for qualitative and quantitative identification. This work opens the door to using these Apt-AuNPs in point of care diagnostics applications where fast sensors with easy to read outputs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Chávez
- Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA.
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Huvaere K, Skibsted LH. Flavonoids protecting food and beverages against light. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:20-35. [PMID: 24961228 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, which are ubiquitously present in the plant kingdom, preserve food and beverages at the parts per million level with minor perturbation of sensory impressions. Additionally, they are safe and possibly contribute positive health effects. Flavonoids should be further exploited for the protection of food and beverages against light-induced quality deterioration through: (1) direct absorption of photons as inner filters protecting sensitive food components; (2) deactivation of (triplet-)excited states of sensitisers like chlorophyll and riboflavin; (3) quenching of singlet oxygen from type II photosensitisation; and (iv) scavenging of radicals formed as reaction intermediates in type I photosensitisation. For absorption of light, combinations of flavonoids, as found in natural co-pigmentation, facilitate dissipation of photon energy to heat thus averting photodegradation. For protection against singlet oxygen and triplet sensitisers, chemical quenching gradually decreases efficiency hence the pathway to physical quenching should be optimised through product formulation. The feasibility of these protection strategies is further supported by kinetic data that are becoming available, allowing for calculation of threshold levels of flavonoids to prevent beer and dairy products from going off. On the other hand, increasing understanding of the interplay between light and matrix physicochemistry, for example the effect of aprotic microenvironments on phototautomerisation of compounds like quercetin, opens up for engineering better light-to-heat converting channels in processed food to eventually prevent quality loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Huvaere
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958, Denmark
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Sumathi C, Muthukumaran P, Radhakrishnan S, Ravi G, Wilson J. Riboflavin detection by α-Fe2O3/MWCNT/AuNPs-based composite and a study of the interaction of riboflavin with DNA. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14762f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of riboflavin (RF) at a glassy carbon electrode modified with α-Fe2O3/MWCNT/AuNPs was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV).
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Sumathi
- Polymer Electronics Lab
- Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors
- Alagappa University
- Karaikudi-630003
- India
| | - P. Muthukumaran
- Polymer Electronics Lab
- Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors
- Alagappa University
- Karaikudi-630003
- India
| | - S. Radhakrishnan
- Nanomaterials and System Lab
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering
- Jeju National University
- Republic of Korea
| | - G. Ravi
- Photonic Crystals Lab
- Department of Physics
- Alagappa University
- Karaikudi-630003
- India
| | - J. Wilson
- Polymer Electronics Lab
- Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors
- Alagappa University
- Karaikudi-630003
- India
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24
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Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh A, Pouladsaz P. Voltammetric determination of riboflavin based on electrocatalytic oxidation at zeolite-modified carbon paste electrodes. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Hucker B, Wakeling L, Vriesekoop F. Vitamins in brewing: the impact of wort production on the thiamine and riboflavin vitamer content of boiled sweet wort. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry Hucker
- School of Health Sciences; Federation University Australia; Ballarat Victoria Australia
| | - Lara Wakeling
- School of Health Sciences; Federation University Australia; Ballarat Victoria Australia
| | - Frank Vriesekoop
- School of Health Sciences; Federation University Australia; Ballarat Victoria Australia
- Department of Food Science and Agri-Food Supply Chain Management; Harper Adams University; Newport TF10 8NB UK
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26
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Ostacolo C, Caruso C, Tronino D, Troisi S, Laneri S, Pacente L, Del Prete A, Sacchi A. Enhancement of corneal permeation of riboflavin-5'-phosphate through vitamin E TPGS: a promising approach in corneal trans-epithelial cross linking treatment. Int J Pharm 2012; 440:148-53. [PMID: 23046664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Corneal accumulation of riboflavin-5'-phosphate (riboflavin) is an essential step in the so called corneal cross-linking (CXL), an elective therapy for the treatment of progressive keratoconus, corneal ectasia and irregular astigmatism. CXL is usually performed after surgical debridement of corneal epithelium, since it impedes the stromal penetration of riboflavin in a relatively short time. d-Alpha-tocopheryl poly(ethylene glycol) 1000 succinate (VE-TPGS) is an effective permeation enhancer used to increase adsorption of drugs trough different biological barriers. Moreover, belonging to the group of tocopherol pro-drugs, VE-TPGS exerts a protective effect on biological membrane against free-radical damage. The aim of this work is the evaluation of VE-TPGS effects on riboflavin corneal permeability, and the assessment of its protective effect against free-radicals generated during CXL procedures. Different solutions containing riboflavin (0.125% w/w), dextran (20.0% w/w) and increasing concentration of VE-TPGS were tested. Corneal permeation was evaluated in vitro by the use of modified Franz-cell type diffusion cells and freshly excised porcine corneas as barrier. The effect of VE-TPGS on riboflavin corneal penetration was compared with a standard commercial solution of riboflavin in dextran at different times. Accumulation experiments were conducted both on epithelized and non-epithelized corneas. Moreover, epithelized porcine corneas, treated with the tested solutions, were subjected to an in vitro CXL procedure versus non-epithelized corneas, treated with a commercial solution of riboflavin. Differences were measured by means of corneal rigidity using Young's modulus. The photo-protective effect of tested solutions on corneal epithelium was, finally, evaluated. CXL treatment was applied, in vitro, on human explanted corneas and resulting morphology of corneal epithelium was investigated by scanning electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University Federico II, Via D Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Huvaere K, Sinnaeve B, Van Bocxlaer J, Skibsted LH. Flavonoid deactivation of excited state flavins: reaction monitoring by mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:9261-9272. [PMID: 22889117 DOI: 10.1021/jf301823h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN, as a B(2) vitamin model) was shown to induce dimerization of flavonoids (flavanone, apigenin, naringenin, eriodictyol, taxifolin, catechin, kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin, rutin, and seven smaller model phenols studied) as the major photoreaction, when aqueous solutions were exposed to visible light using a new, real-time electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric (ESI-MS) technique supported by LC-MS and MS(2) analysis. Electrophilic intermediates such as transient radical cations, o-quinones, and p-quinone methide were proposed to be involved in the coupling process. The C(3)-OH in flavon-3-ols gave rise to atypical compounds such as a depside or a dioxane-linked dimer. Flavonoid dimers, formed in vegetal extracts added to food during storage in light and for which structures are proprosed based on MS and MS(2), may affect colloidal stability, color, astringency, and antioxidative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Huvaere
- Food Chemistry, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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28
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Hucker B, Wakeling L, Vriesekoop F. Investigations into the thiamine and riboflavin content of malt and the effects of malting and roasting on their final content. J Cereal Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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30
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Voltammetric monitoring of electrochemical reduction of riboflavin using silver solid amalgam electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Role of chromatography in the development of Standard Reference Materials for organic analysis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1261:3-22. [PMID: 22721765 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The certification of chemical constituents in natural-matrix Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) can require the use of two or more independent analytical methods. The independence among the methods is generally achieved by taking advantage of differences in extraction, separation, and detection selectivity. This review describes the development of the independent analytical methods approach at NIST, and its implementation in the measurement of organic constituents such as contaminants in environmental materials, nutrients and marker compounds in food and dietary supplement matrices, and health diagnostic and nutritional assessment markers in human serum. The focus of this review is the important and critical role that separation science techniques play in achieving the necessary independence of the analytical steps in the measurement of trace-level organic constituents in natural matrix SRMs.
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32
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DNA-functionalized biosensor for riboflavin based electrochemical interaction on pretreated pencil graphite electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 31:376-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Hucker B, Wakeling L, Vriesekoop F. The quantitative analysis of thiamin and riboflavin and their respective vitamers in fermented alcoholic beverages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:12278-12285. [PMID: 22087742 DOI: 10.1021/jf202647x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to develop a simple and effective method for analyzing thiamin (B(1)), riboflavin (B(2)) and their respective vitamers by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in fermented alcoholic beverages. The method developed here employs a phosphate buffer/methanol gradient elution on a single reverse phase column, coupled with independent fluorescent detection regimes. It also employs a precolumn derivatization to convert thiamin to thiochrome via an alkaline potassium ferricyanide solution. The method described here allowed a spike recovery of better than 97%, with a typical linear detection range (R(2) ≥ 0.9997) between ≤ 5 and ≥ 500 μg/L for all vitamers studied. Lager style beers were found to contain significantly (p < 0.001) less thiamin than other tested styles of beers (lager, 35.7 μg/L; ale, 88.3 μg/L; stout/porters, 104.4 μg/L; wheat beers, 130.7 μg/L), which may be due to the raw material and extensive processing that occurs for this style. There was no statistical difference (p = 0.608) between the riboflavin content of each beer style. Furthermore, wines and ciders contain less thiamin and riboflavin than beer, which is also likely to be due to the base materials used and the differences in processing steps to produce these beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Hucker
- Institute of Food and Crop Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Ballarat, Post Office Box 663, Ballarat 3353, Victoria, Australia
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34
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Macdonald LE, Brett J, Kelton D, Majowicz SE, Snedeker K, Sargeant JM. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of pasteurization on milk vitamins, and evidence for raw milk consumption and other health-related outcomes. J Food Prot 2011; 74:1814-32. [PMID: 22054181 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pasteurization of milk ensures safety for human consumption by reducing the number of viable pathogenic bacteria. Although the public health benefits of pasteurization are well established, pro-raw milk advocate organizations continue to promote raw milk as "nature's perfect food." Advocacy groups' claims include statements that pasteurization destroys important vitamins and that raw milk consumption can prevent and treat allergies, cancer, and lactose intolerance. A systematic review and meta-analysis was completed to summarize available evidence for these selected claims. Forty studies assessing the effects of pasteurization on vitamin levels were found. Qualitatively, vitamins B12 and E decreased following pasteurization, and vitamin A increased. Random effects meta-analysis revealed no significant effect of pasteurization on vitamin B6 concentrations (standardized mean difference [SMD], -2.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], -5.40, 0.8; P = 0.06) but a decrease in concentrations of vitamins B1 (SMD, -1.77; 95% CI, -2.57, -0.96; P < 0.001), B2 (SMD, -0.41; 95% CI, -0.81, -0.01; P < 0.05), C (SMD, -2.13; 95% CI, -3.52, -0.74; P < 0.01), and folate (SMD, -11.99; 95% CI, -20.95, -3.03; P < 0.01). The effect of pasteurization on milk's nutritive value was minimal because many of these vitamins are naturally found in relatively low levels. However, milk is an important dietary source of vitamin B2, and the impact of heat treatment should be further considered. Raw milk consumption may have a protective association with allergy development (six studies), although this relationship may be potentially confounded by other farming-related factors. Raw milk consumption was not associated with cancer (two studies) or lactose intolerance (one study). Overall, these findings should be interpreted with caution given the poor quality of reported methodology in many of the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Macdonald
- Center for Public Health and Zoonoses, Ontario Veterinary College, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.
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35
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Abbas CA, Sibirny AA. Genetic control of biosynthesis and transport of riboflavin and flavin nucleotides and construction of robust biotechnological producers. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2011; 75:321-60. [PMID: 21646432 PMCID: PMC3122625 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00030-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin [7,8-dimethyl-10-(1'-d-ribityl)isoalloxazine, vitamin B₂] is an obligatory component of human and animal diets, as it serves as the precursor of flavin coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide, and flavin adenine dinucleotide, which are involved in oxidative metabolism and other processes. Commercially produced riboflavin is used in agriculture, medicine, and the food industry. Riboflavin synthesis starts from GTP and ribulose-5-phosphate and proceeds through pyrimidine and pteridine intermediates. Flavin nucleotides are synthesized in two consecutive reactions from riboflavin. Some microorganisms and all animal cells are capable of riboflavin uptake, whereas many microorganisms have distinct systems for riboflavin excretion to the medium. Regulation of riboflavin synthesis in bacteria occurs by repression at the transcriptional level by flavin mononucleotide, which binds to nascent noncoding mRNA and blocks further transcription (named the riboswitch). In flavinogenic molds, riboflavin overproduction starts at the stationary phase and is accompanied by derepression of enzymes involved in riboflavin synthesis, sporulation, and mycelial lysis. In flavinogenic yeasts, transcriptional repression of riboflavin synthesis is exerted by iron ions and not by flavins. The putative transcription factor encoded by SEF1 is somehow involved in this regulation. Most commercial riboflavin is currently produced or was produced earlier by microbial synthesis using special selected strains of Bacillus subtilis, Ashbya gossypii, and Candida famata. Whereas earlier RF overproducers were isolated by classical selection, current producers of riboflavin and flavin nucleotides have been developed using modern approaches of metabolic engineering that involve overexpression of structural and regulatory genes of the RF biosynthetic pathway as well as genes involved in the overproduction of the purine precursor of riboflavin, GTP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andriy A. Sibirny
- Institute of Cell Biology, NAS of Ukraine, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
- University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow 35-601, Poland
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36
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Phinney KW, Rimmer CA, Thomas JB, Sander LC, Sharpless KE, Wise SA. Isotope dilution liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry methods for fat- and water-soluble vitamins in nutritional formulations. Anal Chem 2010; 83:92-8. [PMID: 21117618 DOI: 10.1021/ac101950r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vitamins are essential to human health, and dietary supplements containing vitamins are widely used by individuals hoping to ensure they have adequate intake of these important nutrients. Measurement of vitamins in nutritional formulations is necessary to monitor regulatory compliance and in studies examining the nutrient intake of specific populations. Liquid chromatographic methods, primarily with UV absorbance detection, are well established for both fat- and water-soluble measurements, but they do have limitations for certain analytes and may suffer from a lack of specificity in complex matrices. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) provides both sensitivity and specificity for the determination of vitamins in these matrices, and simultaneous analysis of multiple vitamins in a single analysis is often possible. In this work, LC-MS methods were developed for both fat- and water-soluble vitamins and applied to the measurement of these analytes in two NIST Standard Reference Materials. When possible, stable isotope labeled internal standards were employed for quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen W Phinney
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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37
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Oliveira HM, Segundo MA, Lima JLFC, Miró M, Cerdà V. Exploiting automatic on-line renewable molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction in lab-on-valve format as front end to liquid chromatography: application to the determination of riboflavin in foodstuffs. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:77-86. [PMID: 20191267 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2009] [Revised: 01/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, it is proposed, for the first time, an on-line automatic renewable molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) protocol for sample preparation prior to liquid chromatographic analysis. The automatic microscale procedure was based on the bead injection (BI) concept under the lab-on-valve (LOV) format, using a multisyringe burette as propulsion unit for handling solutions and suspensions. A high precision on handling the suspensions containing irregularly shaped molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) particles was attained, enabling the use of commercial MIP as renewable sorbent. The features of the proposed BI-LOV manifold also allowed a strict control of the different steps within the extraction protocol, which are essential for promoting selective interactions in the cavities of the MIP. By using this on-line method, it was possible to extract and quantify riboflavin from different foodstuff samples in the range between 0.450 and 5.00 mg L(-1) after processing 1,000 microL of sample (infant milk, pig liver extract, and energy drink) without any prior treatment. For milk samples, LOD and LOQ values were 0.05 and 0.17 mg L(-1), respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of two certified reference materials (NIST 1846 and BCR 487) with high precision (RSD < 5.5%). Considering the downscale and simplification of the sample preparation protocol and the simultaneous performance of extraction and chromatographic assays, a cost-effective and enhanced throughput (six determinations per hour) methodology for determination of riboflavin in foodstuff samples is deployed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo M Oliveira
- REQUIMTE, Serviço de Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha, 164, 4099-030, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcela A Segundo
- REQUIMTE, Serviço de Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha, 164, 4099-030, Porto, Portugal.
| | - José L F C Lima
- REQUIMTE, Serviço de Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha, 164, 4099-030, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Miró
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Victor Cerdà
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
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38
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Li J, Zhang Y, Yang T, Zhang H, Yang Y, Xiao P. DNA biosensor by self-assembly of carbon nanotubes and DNA to detect riboflavin. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Zandomeneghi G, Zandomeneghi M. Determination of holo- and apo-riboflavin binding protein in avian egg whites through circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:6510-6517. [PMID: 19722562 DOI: 10.1021/jf901079n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The hen egg white contains proteins able to strongly bind, with a definite stoichiometry, small molecules such as biotin and riboflavin, or ions such as Cu2+ or Fe3+. The complexation process modifies the spectral properties of these low-molecular-weight species. On the basis of these changes, it is possible, in principle, to measure the quantity of the binding protein and to evaluate the protein-substrate interactions. Here, we present a method to determine the concentration of both the apo and holo forms of the riboflavin-binding protein (RFBP) present in avian egg white, by measuring the circular dichroism (CD) related to the controlled addition of riboflavin (or vitamin B2) to the egg white. At the same time, front-face fluorescence is used to confirm the concentration of apo-RFBP obtained from CD data. The method is based on data only from spectroscopy, and no process involving either extraction, chromatography, electrophoresis, or mass spectrometry is involved. We study the egg whites from four different avian species, reporting and comparing the concentration of the apo- and holo-RFBP and the molar circular dichroism spectra (Deltaepsilon) of riboflavin in the RFBP binding site. Finally, egg whites from different hen individuals are analyzed, and a surprising variation of the RFBP concentration is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Zandomeneghi
- Physical Chemistry, ETH-Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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40
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Zhang X, Zhang J, Wu X, Lv Y, Hou X. Light‐emitting‐diode‐induced chemiluminescence detection for capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1937-42. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Kadara RO, Fogg AG, Haggett BGD, Birch BJ. Enhancement by Copper(II) of the voltammetric signal of vitamin B2 applied to its determination in breakfast cereals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:804-806. [PMID: 19159216 DOI: 10.1021/jf803171p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Addition of copper(II) to breakfast cereal samples was shown to significantly enhance the analytical signal obtained by electrochemical reduction of vitamin B(2) using linear sweep voltammetry on disposable carbon electrodes. The enhancement was observed only when dissolved oxygen was present. In model solutions the analytical signal was linear in the concentration range 6-150 ng/mL with a calculated limit of detection of 5 ng/mL (S/N = 3). This compared favorably with earlier work using a similar measurement approach--but in the absence of copper--in which the limit of detection was calculated to be 900 ng/mL. The effects of potential interferents commonly found in cereals were examined. In addition to signal attenuation by both sugar and starch (already reported), folic acid was found to increase (+6%) and iron to decrease (-11%) the analytical signal when present in the maximum concentration ratios, with respect to vitamin B(2), that are normally found in breakfast cereals. Nevertheless, the simplicity of the approach was potentially attractive for near-line quality control applications in manufacturing. The utility of the measurement approach was demonstrated by the addition of excess copper(II) sulfate to determine vitamin B(2) in aqueous extracts of breakfast cereals. The results agreed well with those provided by the cereal manufacturer who used an established HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid O Kadara
- LIRANS Institute of Research in the Applied Natural Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Great Marlings, Luton, United Kingdom
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42
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Blanco E, Dominguez C, Hernández P, Hernández J, Quintana C, Hernández L. Alkanethiols Modified Gold Electrodes for Selective Detection of Molecules with Different Polarity and Molecular Size. Application to Vitamin B2 Analysis. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Zougagh M, Ríos A. Supercritical fluid extraction as an on-line clean-up technique for determination of riboflavin vitamins in food samples by capillary electrophoresis with fluorimetric detection. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3213-9. [PMID: 18600834 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An automatic method for the separation and determination of riboflavin (RF) vitamins (RF, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide) in food samples (chicken liver, tablet and powder milk) is proposed. The method is based on the on-line coupling of a supercritical fluid extractor (SFE) with a continuous flow-CE system with guided optical fiber fluorimetric detection (CF-CE-FD). The whole SFE-CF-CE-FD arrangement allowed the automatic treatment of food samples (clean-up of the sample followed by the extraction of the analytes), and the direct introduction of a small volume of the extracted plug to the CE-FD system for the determination of RF vitamins. Fluorescence detection introduced an appropriated sensitivity and contributed to avoid interferences of nonfluorescent polar compounds coming from the matrix samples in the extracted plug. Electrophoretic responses were linear within the 0.05-1 microg/g range, whereas the detection limits of RF vitamins were in the 0.036-0.042 microg/g range. The proposed arrangement opens up interesting prospects for the direct determination of polar analytes in complex samples with a good throughput and high level of automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zougagh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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44
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Optimisation of the determination of thiamin, 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)thiamin, and riboflavin in food samples by use of HPLC. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Wu SH, Sun JJ, Lin ZB, Wu AH, Zeng YM, Guo L, Zhang DF, Dai HM, Chen GN. Adsorptive Stripping Analysis of Riboflavin at Electrically Heated Graphite Cylindrical Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200703959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Zandomeneghi M, Carbonaro L, Zandomeneghi G. Biochemical fluorometric method for the determination of riboflavin in milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:5990-4. [PMID: 17590011 DOI: 10.1021/jf070811n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Methods of analysis of vitamin B2 in foods generally consist of the extraction of the sample, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and quantitative measurement of the analyte, typically through RP-HPLC. The scope of our work here is to present a soft method to measure the free riboflavin content of a nontransparent and nonhomogeneous matrix such as milk, avoiding any extraction and separation of phases that are required in any published method for determination of the free RBF content in foods. We combine the front-face (FF) measurement of the light emission of milk with the ability of the apo-form of the riboflavin-binding protein (RBP) from chicken egg white to quench the riboflavin fluorescence. Thus, we titrate the RBF present in milk by gradually adding a solution of RBP to the milk sample and measuring, upon each addition, the FF residual emission due to uncomplexed RBF. The RBP binding capability has been measured in the same matrix of the analyte. Our results indicate a concentration of free RBF practically co-incident with the certified value for total B2 vitamin content in reference milk CRM 421. KEYWORDS Front-face fluorescence; riboflavin; apo-riboflavin-binding protein; milk fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Zandomeneghi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Agostini TS, Scherer R, Godoy HT. Simultaneous Determination of B-Group Vitamins in Enriched Brazilian Dairy Products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2007; 47:435-9. [PMID: 17558655 DOI: 10.1080/10408390600846309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In addition to serving as good natural sources of vitamin B(2), milk and milk products are currently being enriched with the vitamins B(1), B(2), B(6), and nicotinamide in Brazil. The objective of this research was to evaluate the levels of enrichment of these products according to their availability in supermarkets in the Campinas (SP, Brazil) region. The separation of the vitamins was carried out on a C 18 column with gradient elution with acetonitrile and aqueous phase. Detection of vitamins was effected in the ultraviolet region and quantification by an external standard. The levels of vitamin B(2) determined in powdered whole milk, skimmed milk powder, and one brand of flavored lactic beverage, were practically double those stated on the packages. The same occurred with vitamins B(6) and PP (nicotinic acid + nicotinamide), when determined in the same lactic beverage and with vitamin B(6), determined in acidified milk. The high levels of vitamin B(2), naturally present in whole milk, and the predominance of the free form, allowed for the determination of this vitamin in non-enriched milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Agostini
- National Center for Research Agroindustry-EMBRAPA, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
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Kadara RO, Haggett BGD, Birch BJ. Disposable sensor for measurement of vitamin B(2) in nutritional premix, cereal, and milk powder. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:4921-4. [PMID: 16819896 DOI: 10.1021/jf0603376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Methodologies for the determination of vitamin B(2) in food matrixes and a premix using simple sample conditioning steps coupled with a convenient and cheap electrochemical sensing device are presented. Electrochemical analysis based on differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) coupled to carbon electrodes gave a well-defined reduction peak at -0.42 V versus a Ag/AgCl quasi-reference electrode. Using a straightforward sample preparation step, vitamin B(2) can be measured successfully in a nutritional premix and food products. Standard additions of riboflavin were used to confirm the analyte concentrations and to provide precision data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid O Kadara
- Luton Institute of Research in the Applied Natural Sciences, University of Luton, The Spires, 2 Adelaide Street, Luton LU1 5DU, United Kingdom.
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Gandía-Herrero F, García-Carmona F, Escribano J. A novel method using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for the determination of betaxanthins. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1078:83-9. [PMID: 16007985 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Betaxanthins are natural water-soluble yellow pigments present in plants of the order Caryophyllales. The native fluorescence of these compounds is extensively characterized in this work, with study of the fluorescent properties of 14 different betaxanthins. All the species showed a similar behavior, with excitation maxima between 463 and 475 nm and emission maxima between 506 and 515 nm. Thus, betaxanthins absorb light corresponding to the blue color and emit visible green light. Similarities in excitation and emission spectra point to the responsibility of betalamic acid in fluorescence. The influence of the amine moiety is discussed. For the first time fluorescent properties of betaxanthins are applied to the detection of these pigments after separation by high-performance liquid chromatography. Wavelengths used were 460 nm for excitation and 510 nm for emission, which were suitable for detecting the native fluorescence of all the pigments assayed. Calibration was performed in each case and it exhibited linearity within the range considered, at least 20 microM. The lowest detection limit was 100 nM, corresponding to betaxanthins derived from methionine sulfoxide and leucine. Fluorescence detection was applied to the quantification of betaxanthins present in Carpobrotus acinaciformis. The present work opens up new possibilities for the analysis of betaxanthins by improving existing protocols through fluorescence detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gandía-Herrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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