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de Cordova Kindermann S, Caon G, Boeck CR, de Oliveira Bauer C, Dos Santos da Silva N, Possamai OL, Longaretti LM, Magenis ML, Damiani AP, de Oliveira Monteiro I, de Andrade VM. Moderate India Pale Ale beer consumption promotes antigenotoxic and non-mutagenic effects in ex vivo and in vivo mice models. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38975867 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discussion of the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption is ongoing. Broadly, research focusing on ethanol consumption tends to report no benefits. However, studies that distinguish between different types of alcoholic beverages, particularly beers, often reveal positive effects. The present study evaluated the genotoxic and mutagenic effects of moderate chronic consumption of India Pale Ale (IPA) craft beer. Sixty-four adult male Swiss mice were used and divided into control and treatment groups receiving water, IPA beer with 55.23 g of ethanol per liter of beer, aqueous solution with 55.23 g of ethanol per liter, and hop infusion ad libitum for 30 days. After this period, the animals were genetically evaluated with a comet assay. For the ex vivo comet assay, blood was collected and exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). For the in vivo assay, the alkylating agent cyclophosphamide (CP) was administered to the groups after blood collection and sacrificed after 24 h. Brain, liver, and heart tissues were analyzed. Bone marrow was collected and submitted to the micronucleus test. RESULTS The groups treated with IPA beer, ethanol, and hops did not show genotoxic and mutagenic action in the blood, brain, heart, or liver. The antigenotoxic action of IPA beer and hops was observed in both in vivo and ex vivo models, showing a similar reduction in DNA damage caused by CP. There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to the formation of micronuclei by CP. CONCLUSION Moderate chronic consumption of IPA beer and hops infusion showed antigenotoxic effects in mice but no antimutagenic action. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schellen de Cordova Kindermann
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Glauco Caon
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Endocrinologia Comparada, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carina Rodrigues Boeck
- Mestrado em Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-graduação em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Carla de Oliveira Bauer
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Nicollas Dos Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Otavio Lucio Possamai
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Luiza Martins Longaretti
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Marina Lummertz Magenis
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Adriani Paganini Damiani
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Isadora de Oliveira Monteiro
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
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Khan J. Optical Chemosensors Synthesis and Appplication for Trace Level Metal Ions Detection in Aqueous Media: A Review. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-023-03559-8. [PMID: 38175458 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the development of optical chemosensors for the sensitive and selective detection of trace level metal ions in aqueous media has garnered significant attention within the scientific community. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis strategies and applications of optical chemosensors dedicated to the detection of metal ions at low concentrations in water-based environments. The discussion encompasses a wide range of metal ions, including but not limited to heavy metals, transition metals, and rare earth elements, emphasizing their significance in environmental monitoring, industrial processes, and biological systems. The review explores into the synthesis methodologies employed for designing optical chemosensors, discovering diverse materials like organic dyes, nanoparticles, polymers, and hybrid materials. Special attention is given to the design principles that enable the selective recognition of specific metal ions, highlighting the role of ligand chemistry, coordination interactions, and structural modifications. Furthermore, the article thoroughly surveys the analytical performance of optical chemosensors in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, response time, and detection limits. Real-world applications, including water quality assessment, environmental monitoring, and biomedical diagnostics, are extensively covered to underscore the practical relevance of these sensing platforms. Additionally, the review sheds light on emerging trends, challenges, and future prospects in the field, providing insights into potential advancements and innovations. By synthesizing the current state of knowledge on optical chemosensors for trace level metal ions detection. The collective information presented herein not only offers a comprehensive understanding of the existing technologies but also inspires future research endeavors to address the evolving demands in the realm of trace metal ion detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehangir Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (Lower), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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3
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Wine, beer and Chinese Baijiu in relation to cardiovascular health: the impact of moderate drinking. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang L, Zhang H, Tang L, Hu X, Xu M. Isolation, Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, Metal-Chelating Activity, and Protein-Precipitating Capacity of Condensed Tannins from Plum ( Prunus salicina) Fruit. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040714. [PMID: 35453400 PMCID: PMC9030958 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The type of polymeric condensed tannins from plum fruit (Prunus salicina) (PCT), the degree of polymerization and the distribution of polymers were characterized by MALDI-TOF MS and NMR spectroscopy. The metal-binding capacity of PCT with five metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, Al3+, Fe2+, and Fe3+) was characterized by a fluorescence quenching method. The results demonstrated the following: epicatechin was the basic unit occurring in PCT, and A-type and B-type linkages were the most common between the structural units of the polymers. The PCT have a strong antioxidant activity, which is comparable with that of the synthetic antioxidant BHA. The quenching mechanism of the PCT’s fluorescence intensity by Zn2+, Cu2+, and Al3+ was different from that of Fe3+ and Fe2+. Fe3+, Al3+ and Fe2+ had much higher affinities for the PCT than Zn2+ and Cu2+. A simple UV-Vis spectra method was developed to determine the protein-precipitating capacity of tannins. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was effectively precipitated by tannins isolated from plum fruits, Chinese gallnut, sorghum grain, and Platycarya strobilacea at pH values between 4.5 and 5.0. A statistically significant linear relationship (p < 0.0001 or p < 0.0003) existed between the amount of tannin−protein complex formed and the amount of tannins added to the reaction mixture. The slopes of these lines indicated the protein-precipitating capacity of tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (X.H.); (M.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing 210042, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210042, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8548-2463
| | - He Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (X.H.); (M.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing 210042, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Lihua Tang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (X.H.); (M.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing 210042, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (X.H.); (M.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing 210042, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Man Xu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, China; (H.Z.); (L.T.); (X.H.); (M.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing 210042, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210042, China
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Sun S, Wang X, Yuan A, Liu J, Li Z, Xie D, Zhang H, Luo W, Xu H, Liu J, Nie C, Zhang H. Chemical constituents and bioactivities of hops (
Humulus lupulus L
.) and their effects on beer‐related microorganisms. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Sun
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Ai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Jianlin Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
| | - Zebin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Dongxiao Xie
- Biology Institute Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences Shandong Normal University Jinan China
| | - Wenqing Luo
- Global Leaders College Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Hengyuan Xu
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Jinshang Liu
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Cong Nie
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Haojun Zhang
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
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MIN B, PARK CW, AHN Y, HONG KB, CHO HJ, LEE JH, JO K, SUH HJ. Effect of hop mixture containing xanthohumol on sleep enhancement in a mouse model and ROS scavenging effect in oxidative stress-induced HT22 cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.29922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byungjick MIN
- Korea University, Republic of Korea; Lotte R&D Center, Korea
| | - Chun Woong PARK
- Korea University, Republic of Korea; Korea University, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hyung Joo SUH
- Korea University, Republic of Korea; Korea University, Republic of Korea
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Caon G, Morrone M, Feistauer L, Sganzerla D, Moreira JC. Moderate beer consumption promotes silymarin-like redox status without affecting the liver integrity in vivo. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Effects of Three Types of Polymeric Proanthocyanidins on Physicochemical and In Vitro Digestive Properties of Potato Starch. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061394. [PMID: 34208678 PMCID: PMC8235072 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of three types of polymeric proanthocyanidins (PPC) with different degrees of polymerization (DP), namely PPC1 (DP = 6.39 ± 0.13), PPC2 (DP = 8.21 ± 0.76), and PPC3 (DP = 9.92 ± 0.21), on the physicochemical characteristics and in vitro starch digestibility of potato starch were studied. PPC addition (5%, w/w) increased the gelatinization temperature and decreased some viscosity indices of potato starch, including the peak, trough, breakdown, and setback viscosities. Starch-PPC pastes showed reduced thixotropy and improved stability and gelling properties compared to starch paste. The three types of proanthocyanidins all showed evident inhibitory effects on the digestion and retrogradation of potato starch, including short-term and long-term retrogradation. Among the three, PPC with a lower DP had stronger effects on the starch short-term retrogradation and gelling performance, whereas larger PPC molecules exhibited a greater impact on starch recrystallization and digestive characteristics. The research consequences were conducive to explore the application of functional PPC in starch-based food processing.
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9
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Antioxidant Effect of Beer Polyphenols and Their Bioavailability in Dental-Derived Stem Cells (D-dSCs) and Human Intestinal Epithelial Lines (Caco-2) Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8835813. [PMID: 33101420 PMCID: PMC7569455 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8835813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beer is one of the most consumed alcoholic beverages in the world, rich in chemical compounds of natural origin with high nutritional and biological value. It is made up of water, barley malt, hops, and yeast. The main nutrients are carbohydrates, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and other compounds such as polyphenols which are responsible for the many health benefits associated with this consumption of drinks. Hops and malt are one of the raw materials for beer and are a source of phenolic compounds. In fact, about 30% of the polyphenols in beer comes from hops and 70%-80% from malt. Natural compounds of foods or plants exert an important antioxidant activity, counteracting the formation of harmful free radicals. In the presence of an intense stressing event, cells activate specific responses to counteract cell death or senescence which is known to act as a key-task in the onset of age-related pathologies and in the loss of tissue homeostasis. Many studies have shown positive effects of natural compounds as beer polyphenols on biological systems. The main aims of our research were to determine the polyphenolic profile of three fractions, coming from stages of beer production, the mashing process (must), the filtration process (prehopping solution), and the boiling process with the addition of hops (posthopping solution), and to evaluate the effects of these fractions on Dental-derived Stem Cells (D-dSCs) and human intestinal epithelial lines (Caco-2 cells). Furthermore, we underline the bioavailability of beer fraction polyphenols by carrying out the in vitro intestinal absorption using the Caco-2 cell model. We found an antioxidant, proliferating, and antisenescent effects of the fractions deriving from the brewing process on D-dSCs and Caco-2 cells. Finally, our results demonstrated that the bioavailability of polyphenols is greater in beer than in the control standards used, supporting the future clinical application of these compounds as potential therapeutic tools in precision and translational medicine.
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10
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Tronina T, Popłoński J, Bartmańska A. Flavonoids as Phytoestrogenic Components of Hops and Beer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184201. [PMID: 32937790 PMCID: PMC7570471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The value of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) in beer production has been undisputed for centuries. Hops is rich in humulones and lupulones which gives the characteristic aroma and bitter taste, and preserves this golden drink against growing bacteria and molds. Besides α- and β-acids, the lupulin glands of hop cones excrete prenylated flavonoids, which exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities and therefore has therapeutic potential in humans. Recently, interest in hops was raised due to hop prenylated flavanones which show extraordinary estrogen activities. The strongest known phytoestrogen so far is 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), which along with 6-prenylanaringenin (6-PN), 6,8-diprenylnaringenin (6,8-DPN) and 8-geranylnaringenin (8-GN) are fundamental for the potent estrogen activity of hops. This review provides insight into the unusual hop phytoestrogens and shows numerous health benefits associated with their wide spectrum of biological activities including estrogenic, anticancer, neuropreventive, antinflamatory, and antimicrobial properties, which were intensively studied, and potential applications of these compounds such as, as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
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11
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Billerach G, Rouméas L, Dubreucq E, Fulcrand H. Furanolysis with Menthofuran: A New Depolymerization Method for Analyzing Condensed Tannins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2917-2926. [PMID: 31013083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An improved analytical depolymerization method for characterizing condensed tannins was developed with menthofuran (3,6-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran) as the nucleophilic trapping reagent. Herein, menthofuran was compared with routinely used nucleophiles, phloroglucinol and 2-mercaptoethanol. At 30 °C and in the presence of 0.1 M HCl, menthofuran displayed the outstanding ability to enable the fast and full depolymerization of procyanidin B2 using only a 1:1 molar ratio of both reactants. Under the same conditions, phloroglucinol and 2-mercaptoethanol led to a reaction equilibrium with significantly lower conversion yields. Application to commercial tannin extracts showed that a menthofuran-to-extract weight ratio of 1 gave the same yields of procyanidin constitutive units as 10-fold higher molecular equivalent phloroglucinol and 100-fold 2-mercaptoethanol. Finally, guidelines for implementing the menthofuran depolymerization method are proposed to assess the tannin content and composition of extracts as well as of plant materials without prior extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Billerach
- INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, UMR 1083 SPO Sciences pour l'Œnologie, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
- INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, UMR 1208 IATE Ingénierie des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Rouméas
- INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, UMR 1208 IATE Ingénierie des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Dubreucq
- INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, UMR 1208 IATE Ingénierie des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Fulcrand
- INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, UMR 1083 SPO Sciences pour l'Œnologie, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
- INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, UMR 1208 IATE Ingénierie des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
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12
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Compositional characterization study on high -molecular -mass polymeric polyphenols in red wines by chemical degradation. Food Res Int 2019; 123:440-449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Macho-González A, Garcimartín A, Santos-López JA, Benedí J, Bastida S, González-Muñoz MJ. The Nutritional Components of Beer and Its Relationship with Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071558. [PMID: 31295866 PMCID: PMC6682961 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of degenerative diseases has risen in western countries. Growing evidence suggests that demenia and other cognition affectations are associated with ambient factors including specific nutrients, food ingredients or specific dietary patterns. Mediterranean diet adherence has been associated with various health benefits and decreased risk of many diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Beer, as part of this protective diet, contains compounds such as silicon and hops that could play a major role in preventing brain disorders. In this review, different topics regarding Mediterranean diet, beer and the consumption of their main compounds and their relation to neurological health have been addressed. Taking into account published results from our group and other studies, the hypothesis linking aluminum intoxication with dementia and/or Alzheimer’s disease and the potential role of regular beer has also been considered. Beer, in spite of its alcohol content, may have some health benefits; nonetheless, its consumption is not adequate for all subjects. Thus, this review analyzed some promising results of non-alcoholic beer on several mechanisms engaged in neurodegeneration such as inflammation, oxidation, and cholinesterase activity, and their contribution to the behavioral modifications induced by aluminum intoxication. The review ends by giving conclusions and suggesting future topics of research related to moderate beer consumption and/or the consumption of its major compounds as a potential instrument for protecting against neurodegenerative disease progression and the need to develop nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic studies in aged people and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Sánchez-Muniz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián Macho-González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Arturo Santos-López
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Bastida
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José González-Muñoz
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Unidad Docente de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Anti-Remodeling Effects of Xanthohumol-Fortified Beer in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Mediated by ERK and AKT Inhibition. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030583. [PMID: 30857304 PMCID: PMC6472147 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols present in some alcoholic beverages have been linked to beneficial effects in preventing cardiovascular diseases. Polyphenols found in beer with anti-proliferative and anti-cancer properties are appealing in the context of the quasi-malignant phenotype of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Our purpose was to evaluate if the chronic ingestion of a xanthohumol-fortified beer (FB) would be able to modulate the pathophysiology of experimental PAH. Male Wistar rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH (60 mg/kg) were allowed to drink either xanthohumol-fortified beer (MCT + FB) or 5.2% ethanol (MCT + SHAM) for a period 4 weeks. At the end of the protocol, cardiopulmonary exercise testing and hemodynamic recordings were performed, followed by sample collection for further analysis. FB intake resulted in a significant attenuation of the pulmonary vascular remodeling in MCT + FB animals. This improvement was paralleled with the downregulation in expression of proteins responsible for proliferation (ERK1/2), cell viability (AKT), and apoptosis (BCL-XL). Moreover, MCT + FB animals presented improved right ventricle (RV) function and remodeling accompanied by VEGFR-2 pathway downregulation. The present study demonstrates that a regular consumption of xanthohumol through FB modulates major remodeling pathways activated in experimental PAH.
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15
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Comparison of phytochemical profiles and antiproliferative activities of different proanthocyanidins fractions from Choerospondias axillaris fruit peels. Food Res Int 2018; 113:298-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Wannenmacher J, Gastl M, Becker T. Phenolic Substances in Beer: Structural Diversity, Reactive Potential and Relevance for Brewing Process and Beer Quality. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:953-988. [PMID: 33350107 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For the past 100 years, polyphenol research has played a central role in brewing science. The class of phenolic substances comprises simple compounds built of 1 phenolic group as well as monomeric and oligomeric flavonoid compounds. As potential anti- or prooxidants, flavor precursors, flavoring agents and as interaction partners with other beer constituents, they influence important beer quality characteristics: flavor, color, colloidal, and flavor stability. The reactive potential of polyphenols is defined by their basic chemical structure, hydroxylation and substitution patterns and degree of polymerization. The quantitative and qualitative profile of phenolic substances in beer is determined by raw material choice. During the malting and brewing process, phenolic compounds undergo changes as they are extracted or enzymatically released, are subjected to heat-induced chemical reactions or are precipitated with or adsorbed to hot and cold trub, yeast cells and stabilization agents. This review presents the current state of knowledge of the composition of phenolic compounds in beer and brewing raw materials with a special focus on their fate from raw materials throughout the malting and brewing process to the final beer. Due to high-performance analytical techniques, new insights have been gained on the structure and function of phenolic substance groups, which have hitherto received little attention. This paper presents important information and current studies on the potential of phenolics to interact with other beer constituents and thus influence quality parameters. The structural features which determine the reactive potential of phenolic substances are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wannenmacher
- Inst. of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical Univ. of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 20, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Martina Gastl
- Inst. of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical Univ. of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 20, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Inst. of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical Univ. of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 20, 85354, Freising, Germany
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17
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Aron PM, Shellhammer TH. Profiling of Hop-Derived Flavan-3-ols from Lager Beer in Relation to Hopping Technology. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2017-3149-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M. Aron
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, U.S.A
| | - Thomas H. Shellhammer
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, U.S.A
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18
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Jamnongkan W, Thanee M, Yongvanit P, Loilome W, Thanan R, Kimawaha P, Boonmars T, Silakit R, Namwat N, Techasen A. Antifibrotic effect of xanthohumol in combination with praziquantel is associated with altered redox status and reduced iron accumulation during liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinogenesis. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4281. [PMID: 29375936 PMCID: PMC5784579 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) caused by infection of the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini, (Ov) is the major public health problem in northeast Thailand. Following Ov infection the subsequent molecular changes can be associated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced chronic inflammation, advanced periductal fibrosis, and cholangiocarcinogenesis. Notably, resistance to an activation of cell death in prolonged oxidative stress conditions can occur but some damaged/mutated cells could survive and enable clonal expansion. Our study used a natural product, xanthohumol (XN), which is an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory compound, to examine whether it could prevent Ov-associated CCA carcinogenesis. We measured the effect of XN with or without praziquantel (PZ), an anti-helminthic treatment, on DNA damage, redox status change including iron accumulation and periductal fibrosis during CCA genesis induced by administration of Ov and N-dinitrosomethylamine (NDMA) in hamsters. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: group I, Ov infection and NDMA administration (ON); group II, Ov infection and NDMA administration and PZ treatment (ONP); the latter 2 groups were similar to group I and II, but group III received additional XN (XON) and group IV received XN plus PZ (XONP). The results showed that high 8-oxodG (a marker of DNA damage) was observed throughout cholangiocarcinogenesis. Moreover, increased expression of CD44v8-10 (a cell surface in regulation of the ROS defense system), whereas decreased expression of phospho-p38MAPK (a major ROS target), was found during the progression of the bile duct cell transformation. In addition, high accumulation of iron and expression of transferrin receptor-1 (TfR-1) in both malignant bile ducts and inflammatory cells were detected. Furthermore, fibrosis also increased with the highest level being on day 180. On the other hand, the groups of XN with or without PZ supplementations showed an effective reduction in all the markers examined, including fibrosis when compared with the ON group. In particular, the XONP group, in which a significant reduction DNA damage occurred, was also found to have iron accumulation and fibrosis compared to the other groups. Our results show that XN administered in combination with PZ could efficiently prevent CCA development and hence provide potential chemopreventive benefits in Ov-induced cholangiocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassana Jamnongkan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Malinee Thanee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Puangrat Yongvanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Raynoo Thanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Phongsaran Kimawaha
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Tidarat Boonmars
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Runglawan Silakit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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19
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Beer Polyphenols and Menopause: Effects and Mechanisms-A Review of Current Knowledge. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4749131. [PMID: 28904736 PMCID: PMC5585550 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4749131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Beer is one of the most frequently consumed fermented beverages in the world, and it has been part of the human diet for thousands of years. Scientific evidence obtained from the development of new techniques of food analysis over the last two decades suggests that polyphenol intake derived from moderate beer consumption may play a positive role in different health outcomes including osteoporosis and cardiovascular risk and the relief of vasomotor symptoms, which are commonly experienced during menopause and are an important reason why women seek medical care during this period; here, we review the current knowledge regarding moderate beer consumption and its possible effects on menopausal symptoms. The effect of polyphenol intake on vasomotor symptoms in menopause may be driven by the direct interaction of the phenolic compounds present in beer, such as 8-prenylnaringenin, 6-prenylnaringenin, and isoxanthohumol, with intracellular estrogen receptors that leads to the modulation of gene expression, increase in sex hormone plasma concentrations, and thus modulation of physiological hormone imbalance in menopausal women. Since traditional hormone replacement therapies increase health risks, alternative, safer treatment options are needed to alleviate menopausal symptoms in women. The present work aims to review the current data on this subject.
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20
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Inui T, Okumura K, Matsui H, Hosoya T, Kumazawa S. Effect of harvest time on some in vitro functional properties of hop polyphenols. Food Chem 2017; 225:69-76. [PMID: 28193435 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Health benefits of hop polyphenols are well studied. In the present investigation, we examined the antioxidant activity, anti-nitric oxide (NO) production, and anti-adipocyte differentiation of polyphenols extracted from hops (HPP), harvested at different times for over 4years. Saaz hop variety from the Czech Republic was used in the in vitro assays. Twenty-three polyphenols were quantitatively analyzed using Orbitrap liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and their health promoting effects were assayed individually. Strong effects of low concentrations of HPP were observed in the above three assays. A significant increase in anti-adipocyte differentiation activity per unit weight of HPP was obtained in the early harvested samples. A significant difference in anti-NO production activity per unit weight of HPP was observed among the different harvest years. HPP significantly increased in early harvested samples. Our results suggest that some in vitro functional properties of hops vary with harvest time and year and are dependent on different polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Inui
- Suntory Beer Ltd., Beer Development Department, 5-2-5 Yamazaki, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-0001, Japan.
| | - Koharu Okumura
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroo Matsui
- Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., Research Institute, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hosoya
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kumazawa
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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21
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Li Q, Wang X, Chen J, Liu C, Li T, McClements DJ, Dai T, Liu J. Antioxidant activity of proanthocyanidins-rich fractions from Choerospondias axillaris peels using a combination of chemical-based methods and cellular-based assay. Food Chem 2016; 208:309-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Yanagida A, Takeshige S, Shibusawa Y. Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic analysis of hydrophobic interaction between proanthocyanidins and a C8-alkyl compound in aqueous solution. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:419-25. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1107465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Structural and physicochemical properties of oligomeric flavan-3-ols (proanthocyanidins) in aqueous solution were investigated by spectrometric and reversed-phase (RP) HPLC analyses. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra of (–)-epicatechin (EC) oligomers linked through C-4 to C-8 interflavan bonds showed that EC oligomers larger than dimers formed a stable secondary structure in water. These EC oligomers are water-soluble hydrophilic compounds, whereas the oligomers were strongly retained by a C8-alkyl stationary phase under conventional RP-HPLC conditions. In a further C8-HPLC study, the hydrophobic interaction between EC oligomers and 1-octanesulfonic acid sodium salt (OSA Na) added to the mobile phase was quantitatively evaluated based on the relationship between the logarithm of the retention factor of the solute and the OSA Na concentration in the mobile phase. The strength values of the hydrophobic interaction of EC oligomers larger than dimers were the highest of 22 tested polyphenolic standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Yanagida
- Division of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Shinya Takeshige
- Division of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Yoichi Shibusawa
- Division of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
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23
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Neilson AP, O'Keefe SF, Bolling BW. High-Molecular-Weight Proanthocyanidins in Foods: Overcoming Analytical Challenges in Pursuit of Novel Dietary Bioactive Components. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2015; 7:43-64. [PMID: 26735794 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-022814-015604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are an abundant but complex class of polyphenols found in foods and botanicals. PACs are polymeric flavanols with a variety of linkages and subunits. Connectivity and degree of polymerization (DP) determine PAC bioavailability and bioactivity. Current quantitative and qualitative methods may ignore a large percentage of dietary PACs. Subsequent correlations between intake and activity are hindered by a lack of understanding of the true PAC complexity in many foods. Additionally, estimates of dietary intakes are likely inaccurate, as nutrient databank values are largely based on standards from cocoa (monomers to decamers) and blueberries (mean DP of 36). Improved analytical methodologies are needed to increase our understanding of the biological roles of these complex compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Neilson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060; ,
| | - Sean F O'Keefe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060; ,
| | - Bradley W Bolling
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;
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24
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25
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Linforth RST, Westwood K, Somani A, Doherty N, Cook DJ. Hop proanthocyanidins for the fining of beer. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. S. T. Linforth
- Food Sciences, School of Biosciences; Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham LE12 5RD; UK
| | - K. Westwood
- Barth Innovations Ltd, Hop Pocket Lane; Paddock Wood, Kent TN12 6DQ; UK
| | - A. Somani
- Brewing Science Department, School of Biosciences; Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham LE12 5RD; UK
| | - N. Doherty
- Brewing Science Department, School of Biosciences; Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham LE12 5RD; UK
| | - D. J. Cook
- Brewing Science Department, School of Biosciences; Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham LE12 5RD; UK
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26
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Li Q, Chen J, Li T, Liu C, Zhai Y, McClements DJ, Liu J. Separation and characterization of polyphenolics from underutilized byproducts of fruit production (Choerospondias axillaris peels): inhibitory activity of proanthocyanidins against glycolysis enzymes. Food Funct 2015; 6:3693-701. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00939a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive proanthocyanidins were isolated from the peel ofChoerospondias axillarisfruit, which is a waste product of the food processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- P.R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- P.R. China
| | - Ti Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- P.R. China
| | - Chengmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- P.R. China
| | | | - Jiyan Liu
- Jiangxi Qiyunshan Food Co
- Ltd
- Ganzhou 341000
- P.R. China
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27
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Huvaere K, Skibsted LH. Flavonoids protecting food and beverages against light. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:20-35. [PMID: 24961228 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, which are ubiquitously present in the plant kingdom, preserve food and beverages at the parts per million level with minor perturbation of sensory impressions. Additionally, they are safe and possibly contribute positive health effects. Flavonoids should be further exploited for the protection of food and beverages against light-induced quality deterioration through: (1) direct absorption of photons as inner filters protecting sensitive food components; (2) deactivation of (triplet-)excited states of sensitisers like chlorophyll and riboflavin; (3) quenching of singlet oxygen from type II photosensitisation; and (iv) scavenging of radicals formed as reaction intermediates in type I photosensitisation. For absorption of light, combinations of flavonoids, as found in natural co-pigmentation, facilitate dissipation of photon energy to heat thus averting photodegradation. For protection against singlet oxygen and triplet sensitisers, chemical quenching gradually decreases efficiency hence the pathway to physical quenching should be optimised through product formulation. The feasibility of these protection strategies is further supported by kinetic data that are becoming available, allowing for calculation of threshold levels of flavonoids to prevent beer and dairy products from going off. On the other hand, increasing understanding of the interplay between light and matrix physicochemistry, for example the effect of aprotic microenvironments on phototautomerisation of compounds like quercetin, opens up for engineering better light-to-heat converting channels in processed food to eventually prevent quality loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Huvaere
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958, Denmark
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28
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Zhou HC, Tam NFY, Lin YM, Ding ZH, Chai WM, Wei SD. Relationships between degree of polymerization and antioxidant activities: a study on proanthocyanidins from the leaves of a medicinal mangrove plant Ceriops tagal. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107606. [PMID: 25313980 PMCID: PMC4196849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins from the leaves of a medicinal mangrove plant, Ceriops tagal, were purified and fractionated on Sephadex LH-20 columns. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR), reversed/normal high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDT-TOF MS) analysis showed that the tannins were predominantly B-type procyanidins with minor A-type linkages, galloyl and glucosyl substitutions, and a degree of polymerization (DP) up to 33. Thirteen subfractions of the procyanidins were successfully obtained by a modified fractionation method, and their antioxidant activities were investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. All these subfractions exhibited potent antioxidant activities, and eleven of them showed significantly different mean DP (mDP) ranging from 1.43±0.04 to 31.77±1.15. Regression analysis demonstrated that antioxidant activities were positively correlative with mDP when around mDP <10, while dropped and then remained at a level similar to mDP = 5 with around 95 µg ml−1 for DPPH scavenging activity and 4 mmol AAE g−1 for FRAP value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Futian-CityU Mangrove R&D Centre, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (HCZ); (NFYT)
| | - Nora Fung-yee Tam
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Futian-CityU Mangrove R&D Centre, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (HCZ); (NFYT)
| | - Yi-Ming Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Ding
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei-Ming Chai
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shu-Dong Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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29
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Humulus lupulus- a story that begs to be told. A review. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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De Marchi F, Seraglia R, Molin L, Traldi P, Dalla Vedova A, Gardiman M, De Rosso M, Flamini R. Study of isobaric grape seed proanthocyanidins by MALDI-TOF MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:826-830. [PMID: 25230179 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Positive matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) spectra of grape seed raw extracts show the signals of putative proanthocyanidin (PA) oligomers, including those of several sodium and potassium adducts with the same nominal molecular weight. As a result, the MALDI time-of-flight profiles are characterized by several isobaric signals from different PAs. The presence of isobaric PA adducts was studied by sodium and potassium exchange experiments on the seed extracts of six grape varieties. This approach was effective in differentiating PAs with isobaric signals, and 15 different PAs were identified in the MALDI spectra of all samples.
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31
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Polymerization degrees, molecular weights and protein-binding affinities of condensed tannin fractions from a Leucaena leucocephala hybrid. Molecules 2014; 19:7990-8010. [PMID: 24927368 PMCID: PMC6270696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19067990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Condensed tannins (CTs) form insoluble complexes with proteins and are able to protect them from degradation, which could lead to rumen bypass proteins. Depending on their degrees of polymerization (DP) and molecular weights, CT fractions vary in their capability to bind proteins. In this study, purified condensed tannins (CTs) from a Leucaena leucocephala hybrid were fractionated into five different molecular weight fractions. The structures of the CT fractions were investigated using 13C-NMR. The DP of the CT fractions were determined using a modified vanillin assay and their molecular weights were determined using Q-TOF LC-MS. The protein-binding affinities of the respective CT fractions were determined using a protein precipitation assay. The DP of the five CT fractions (fractions F1-F5) measured by the vanillin assay in acetic acid ranged from 4.86 to 1.56. The 13C-NMR results showed that the CT fractions possessed monomer unit structural heterogeneity. The number-average molecular weights (Mn) of the different fractions were 1265.8, 1028.6, 652.2, 562.2, and 469.6 for fractions F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5, respectively. The b values representing the CT quantities needed to bind half of the maximum precipitable bovine serum albumin increased with decreasing molecular weight--from fraction F1 to fraction F5 with values of 0.216, 0.295, 0.359, 0.425, and 0.460, respectively. This indicated that higher molecular weight fractions of CTs from L. leucocephala have higher protein-binding affinities than those with lower molecular weights.
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32
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Mouls L, Hugouvieux V, Mazauric JP, Sommerer N, Mazerolles G, Fulcrand H. How to gain insight into the polydispersity of tannins: a combined MS and LC study. Food Chem 2014; 165:348-53. [PMID: 25038686 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the context of the potential health benefits of food polyphenols, the bioavailability of tannins (i.e. proanthocyanidins) is a major issue, which is strongly influenced by the polydispersity and the degree of polymerisation of tannins. The average degree of polymerisation (DP) of tannins is usually determined using depolymerisation methods, which do not provide any information about their polymer distribution. Moreover, it is still a challenge to characterise tannin fractions of high polydispersity and/or containing polymers of high molecular weights, due to the limit of detection of direct mass spectrometry (MS) analysis methods. In the present work, the polydispersity of several tannin fractions is investigated by two complementary methods: a MALDI-MS method and a semi-preparative sub-fractionation. Using a combination of these methods we are able to gain insight into the DP distributions of the fractions consisting of tannins of medium and high DP. Moreover combining analyses can be useful to assess and compare the DP distributions of most tannin fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Mouls
- INRA, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier I, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
| | - Virginie Hugouvieux
- INRA, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier I, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Paul Mazauric
- INRA, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier I, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Sommerer
- INRA, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier I, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Gérard Mazerolles
- INRA, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier I, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Fulcrand
- INRA, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier I, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France
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Kusuda M, Inada K, Ogawa TO, Yoshida T, Shiota S, Tsuchiya T, Hatano T. Polyphenolic Constituent Structures ofZanthoxylum piperitumFruit and the Antibacterial Effects of Its Polymeric Procyanidin on Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:1423-31. [PMID: 16794323 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.50669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum piperitum (Rutaceae) is used as a spice and a natural medicine in Japan. Our study found that ZP-CT-A, a polymeric proanthocyanidin purified from the fruit of this species, noticeably decreased the minimum inhibitory concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The structure of ZP-CT-A was characterized on the basis of (13)C NMR and size exclusion chromatographic data and the results of thiolytic degradation. A mechanistic study of the effects of ZP-CT-A indicated that it suppressed the activity of beta-lactamase and largely decreased the stability of the bacterial cell membrane of MRSA, as shown by a reduction in the tolerance of MRSA to low osmotic pressure and high ionic strength solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwako Kusuda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama
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Tanaka Y, Yanagida A, Komeya S, Kawana M, Honma D, Tagashira M, Kanda T, Shibusawa Y. Comprehensive separation and structural analyses of polyphenols and related compounds from bracts of hops (Humulus lupulus L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2198-206. [PMID: 24547976 DOI: 10.1021/jf405544n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel sequential chromatographic technique was applied to the comprehensive separation of polyphenols and related compounds from a hop bract extract. Over 100 types of constituents were effectively isolated from only 25 g of extract in high yields by high-speed countercurrent chromatography followed by hydrophilic interaction chromatography and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Among the materials isolated, the structures of 39 compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data including electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and one-dimensional/two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. Three new compounds, 1 known compound identified for the first time in plants, and 20 known compounds that have not been reported in hops, were found. The hop bract extract also contained an abundance of highly oligomeric proanthocyanidins, which consisted of B-type procyanidin structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Tanaka
- Research Laboratories for Fundamental Technology of Food, Asahi Group Holdings, Limited, 1-21, Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki 302-0106, Japan
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35
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Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography profiling method for chemical screening of proanthocyanidins in Czech hops. Talanta 2013; 116:919-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Kaufman RC, Herald TJ, Bean SR, Wilson JD, Tuinstra MR. Variability in tannin content, chemistry and activity in a diverse group of tannin containing sorghum cultivars. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:1233-1241. [PMID: 23011944 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tannins are large polyphenolic polymers and are known to bind proteins, limiting their digestibility, but are also excellent antioxidants. Numerous studies investigating the functional properties of sorghum tannin have been conducted by comparing grain samples from different sorghum lines without considering the other intrinsic characteristics of the grain. The purpose of this study was to remove the confounding intrinsic factors present in the endosperm so the effect of the tannins could be evaluated utilizing a unique decortication/reconstitution procedure. RESULTS The tannin content of the 14 cultivars tested ranged from 2.3 to 67.2 catechin equivalents. The bran fractions were studied for their impact on protein binding and antioxidant capacity. Protein digestibility by pepsin ranged from 8% to 58% at the highest tannin level addition. Protein binding ranged from 3.11 to 16.33 g blue bovine serum albumin kg⁻¹ bran. Antioxidant capacity ranged from 81.33 to 1122.54 µmol Trolox equivalents g⁻¹ bran. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography detailed molecular size distributions of the tannin polymers and relationship to tannin functionality. CONCLUSION The tannin content and composition play a significant role in determining tannin functionality. These differences will allow for selections of high-tannin sorghums with consideration of the biological activities of the tannins.
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Arranz S, Chiva-Blanch G, Valderas-Martínez P, Medina-Remón A, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Estruch R. Wine, beer, alcohol and polyphenols on cardiovascular disease and cancer. Nutrients 2012; 4:759-781. [PMID: 22852062 PMCID: PMC3407993 DOI: 10.3390/nu4070759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, people have attributed a variety of health benefits to moderate consumption of fermented beverages such as wine and beer, often without any scientific basis. There is evidence that excessive or binge alcohol consumption is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, as well as with work related and traffic accidents. On the contrary, at the moment, several epidemiological studies have suggested that moderate consumption of alcohol reduces overall mortality, mainly from coronary diseases. However, there are discrepancies regarding the specific effects of different types of beverages (wine, beer and spirits) on the cardiovascular system and cancer, and also whether the possible protective effects of alcoholic beverages are due to their alcoholic content (ethanol) or to their non-alcoholic components (mainly polyphenols). Epidemiological and clinical studies have pointed out that regular and moderate wine consumption (one to two glasses a day) is associated with decreased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, diabetes, and certain types of cancer, including colon, basal cell, ovarian, and prostate carcinoma. Moderate beer consumption has also been associated with these effects, but to a lesser degree, probably because of beer's lower phenolic content. These health benefits have mainly been attributed to an increase in antioxidant capacity, changes in lipid profiles, and the anti-inflammatory effects produced by these alcoholic beverages. This review summarizes the main protective effects on the cardiovascular system and cancer resulting from moderate wine and beer intake due mainly to their common components, alcohol and polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arranz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain; (S.A.); (G.C.-B.); (P.V.-M.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, 14004, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (R.M.L.-R.)
| | - Gemma Chiva-Blanch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain; (S.A.); (G.C.-B.); (P.V.-M.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, 14004, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (R.M.L.-R.)
| | - Palmira Valderas-Martínez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain; (S.A.); (G.C.-B.); (P.V.-M.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, 14004, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (R.M.L.-R.)
| | - Alex Medina-Remón
- CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, 14004, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (R.M.L.-R.)
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, CeRTA, INSA Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
- CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, 14004, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (R.M.L.-R.)
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, CeRTA, INSA Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain; (S.A.); (G.C.-B.); (P.V.-M.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, 14004, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (R.M.L.-R.)
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38
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Venter PB, Senekal ND, Amra-Jordaan M, Bonnet SL, Van der Westhuizen JH. Analysis of commercial proanthocyanidins. Part 2: An electrospray mass spectrometry investigation into the chemical composition of sulfited quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzii and Schinopsis balansae) heartwood extract. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 78:156-169. [PMID: 22513010 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are natural plant-derived polymers used in leather tanning, wood adhesives, water purification, and mud additives for oil drilling. Quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzii and Schinopsis balansae) heartwood and mimosa (Acacia mearnsii) bark extracts are the major industrial sources of PACs. These commercial extracts are often sulfited via treatment with sodium hydrogen sulfite to reduce their viscosity and increase their solubility in water. An ESI-MS investigation into the molecular composition of sulfited (cold-water-soluble) quebracho heartwood extract indicates that sulfitation of the PACs occurs via S(N)2 attack of a sulfite ion at both C-2 and C-4 of the constituent flavan-3-ol monomer extender units. Attack at C-2 leads to the opening of the pyran ring. This releases an additional electron-donating phenolic hydroxy group on the A-ring and renders the extract more nucleophilic and suitable for the manufacturing of adhesives. Attack at C-4 leads to interflavanyl bond fission and decrease of the PAC oligomer chain length. The introduction of sulfonic acid moieties at C-2 or C-4 increases the polarity and water solubility of the hot water soluble (unsulfited) extract and transforms it into a cold-water-soluble extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter B Venter
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Avenue, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
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39
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Venter PB, Sisa M, van der Merwe MJ, Bonnet SL, van der Westhuizen JH. Analysis of commercial proanthocyanidins. Part 1: the chemical composition of quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzii and Schinopsis balansae) heartwood extract. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 73:95-105. [PMID: 22063672 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzii and Schinopsis balansae) extract is an important source of natural polymers for leather tanning and adhesive manufacturing. We combined established phyto- and synthetic chemistry perspectives with electrospray mass spectrometry experiments to prove that quebracho proanthocyanidin polymers consist of an homologous series of flavan-3-ol based oligomers. The starter unit is always catechin which is angularly bonded to fisetinidol extender units. By comparison of the MS(2) fragmentation spectra of the oligomer with product ion scans of authentic catechin and robinetinidol samples, we proved that quebracho extract contains no robinetinidol, as is often reported. Quebracho proanthocyanidins have acid resistant interflavanyl bonds, due to the absence of 5-OH groups in fisetinidol, and the aDP cannot be determined via conventional thiolysis and phloroglucinolysis. We used the MS data to estimate a conservative (minimum value) aDP of 3.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter B Venter
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Avenue, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
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40
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Structural diversity and antioxidant activity of condensed tannins fractionated from mangosteen pericarp. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Stringano E, Gea A, Salminen JP, Mueller-Harvey I. Simple solution for a complex problem: proanthocyanidins, galloyl glucoses and ellagitannins fit on a single calibration curve in high performance-gel permeation chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7804-12. [PMID: 21930278 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to explore gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for estimating molecular weights of proanthocyanidin fractions isolated from sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia). The results were compared with data obtained by thiolytic degradation of the same fractions. Polystyrene, polyethylene glycol and polymethyl methacrylate standards were not suitable for estimating the molecular weights of underivatized proanthocyanidins. Therefore, a novel HPLC-GPC method was developed based on two serially connected PolarGel-L columns using DMF that contained 5% water, 1% acetic acid and 0.15 M LiBr at 0.7 ml/min and 50 °C. This yielded a single calibration curve for galloyl glucoses (trigalloyl glucose, pentagalloyl glucose), ellagitannins (pedunculagin, vescalagin, punicalagin, oenothein B, gemin A), proanthocyanidins (procyanidin B2, cinnamtannin B1), and several other polyphenols (catechin, epicatechin gallate, epicallocatechin gallate, amentoflavone). These GPC predicted molecular weights represented a considerable advance over previously reported HPLC-GPC methods for underivatized proanthocyanidins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Stringano
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Laboratory, Animal Science Research Group, Department of Agriculture, University of Reading, PO Box 236, 1 Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AT, UK.
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42
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Vernhet A, Dubascoux S, Cabane B, Fulcrand H, Dubreucq E, Poncet-Legrand C. Characterization of oxidized tannins: comparison of depolymerization methods, asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation and small-angle X-ray scattering. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:1559-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Kavalier AR, Litt A, Ma C, Pitra NJ, Coles MC, Kennelly EJ, Matthews PD. Phytochemical and morphological characterization of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cones over five developmental stages using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detection, and light microscopy techniques. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:4783-93. [PMID: 21456557 DOI: 10.1021/jf1049084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) inflorescences, commonly known as "hop cones", are prized for their terpenophenolic contents, used in beer production and, more recently, in biomedical applications. In this study we investigated morphological and phytochemical characteristics of hop cones over five developmental stages, using liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS), and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detection (UHPLC-PDA) methods to quantitate 21 polyphenolics and seven terpenophenolics. Additionally, we used light microscopy to correlate phytochemical quantities with changes in the morphology of the cones. Significant increases in terpenophenolics, concomitant with glandular trichome development and associated gross morphological changes, were mapped over development to fluctuations in contents of polyphenolic constituents and their metabolic precursor compounds. The methods reported here can be used for targeted metabolic profiling of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenophenolics in hops, and are applicable to quantitation in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Kavalier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Bronx, New York 10468, United States
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44
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Stringano E, Cramer R, Hayes W, Smith C, Gibson T, Mueller-Harvey I. Deciphering the Complexity of Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) Proanthocyanidins by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry with a Judicious Choice of Isotope Patterns and Matrixes. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4147-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2003856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Stringano
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Laboratory, Animal Science Research Group, Department of Agriculture, University of Reading, P.O. Box 236, 1 Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
| | - Rainer Cramer
- The BioCentre, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, P.O. Box 224, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Wayne Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, P.O. Box 224, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Celia Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, P.O. Box 224, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor Gibson
- The BioCentre, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Laboratory, Animal Science Research Group, Department of Agriculture, University of Reading, P.O. Box 236, 1 Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
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45
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Yang H, Ye X, Liu D, Chen J, Zhang J, Shen Y, Yu D. Characterization of unusual proanthocyanidins in leaves of bayberry ( Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1622-9. [PMID: 21319804 DOI: 10.1021/jf103918v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Extractable and unextractable proanthocyanidins (EPAs and UEPAs) from leaves of bayberry were characterized. Both EPAs and UEPAs were analyzed by acid catalysis in the presence of excess phloroglucinol. The main cleavage product, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate-(4β→2)-phloroglucinol, was successfully identified. The EPAs were of the prodelphinidin type. In fact, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) and traces of epigallocatechin (EGC) were detected as the extension units, but only EGCG was present in the terminal units. All of the compounds exhibited a 2,3-cis configuration, and >98% of them were galloylated. The mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of bayberry leaf EPAs was 6.5, and the most abundant EPAs were the polymers, with mDP values of 9.5-26.7. The UEPAs were highly polymerized prodelphinidins consisting of EGCG and traces of EGC. In addition, EGCG, three EPA dimers, and two trimers were identified. The EPAs and UEPAs consisted mostly of EGCG, which is unusual in the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Yang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University , KaiXuan Road 268, Hangzhou CN 310029, People's Republic of China
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46
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Mouls L, Mazauric JP, Sommerer N, Fulcrand H, Mazerolles G. Comprehensive study of condensed tannins by ESI mass spectrometry: average degree of polymerisation and polymer distribution determination from mass spectra. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:613-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Wei SD, Zhou HC, Lin YM. Antioxidant activities of fractions of polymeric procyanidins from stem bark of Acacia confusa. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:1146-60. [PMID: 21541049 PMCID: PMC3083696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12021146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymeric procyanidins extracted from Acacia confusa stem bark were fractionated with a step gradient of water, methanol and acetone on a Sephadex LH-20 column. The antioxidant activity of the collected fractions was investigated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. All fractions possessed potent antioxidant activity with the highest activity observed for fraction F9. The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analyses suggested that the collected fractions consisted primarily of oligomeric and polymeric procyanidins, with different polymer ranges and most abundant polymer size. For each fraction, catechin and epicatechin were present as both terminal and extension units, and epicatechin was the major component in the extended chain. The mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of each fraction differed, ranging from 1.68 (fraction F2) to 17.31 (fraction F11). There was a relationship between antioxidant activity (IC50/DPPH and FRAP) and mDP (R(2) (DPPH) = 0.861, P = 0.006 and R(2) (FRAP) = 0.608, P = 0.038), respectively. However, the highest antioxidant activity of fraction (F9) was not coincident with the maximum mDP of fraction (F11).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Dong Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; E-Mails: (S.-D.W.); (H.-C.Z.)
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Gea A, Stringano E, Brown RH, Mueller-Harvey I. In situ analysis and structural elucidation of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) tannins for high-throughput germplasm screening. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:495-503. [PMID: 21175139 DOI: 10.1021/jf103609p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A rapid thiolytic degradation and cleanup procedure was developed for analyzing tannins directly in chlorophyll-containing sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia ) plants. The technique proved suitable for complex tannin mixtures containing catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, and epigallocatechin flavan-3-ol units. The reaction time was standardized at 60 min to minimize the loss of structural information as a result of epimerization and degradation of terminal flavan-3-ol units. The results were evaluated by separate analysis of extractable and unextractable tannins, which accounted for 63.6-113.7% of the in situ plant tannins. It is of note that 70% aqueous acetone extracted tannins with a lower mean degree of polymerization (mDP) than was found for tannins analyzed in situ. Extractable tannins had between 4 and 29 lower mDP values. The method was validated by comparing results from individual and mixed sample sets. The tannin composition of different sainfoin accessions covered a range of mDP values from 16 to 83, procyanidin/prodelphinidin (PC/PD) ratios from 19.2/80.8 to 45.6/54.4, and cis/trans ratios from 74.1/25.9 to 88.0/12.0. This is the first high-throughput screening method that is suitable for analyzing condensed tannin contents and structural composition directly in green plant tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Gea
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, University of Reading, 1 Earley Gate, Post Office Box 236, Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
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49
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Alaniya MD, Kavtaradze NS, Skhirtladze AV, Pizza C, Piacente S. Flavonol glycoside from Humulus lupulus. Chem Nat Compd 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-010-9699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Interactions of tea tannins and condensed tannins with proteins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:490-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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