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Sikora M, Wąsik S, Semaniak J, Drulis-Kawa Z, Wiśniewska-Wrona M, Arabski M. Chitosan-based matrix as a carrier for bacteriophages. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:6. [PMID: 38165478 PMCID: PMC10761466 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12838-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Wound healing is a dynamic and complex process where infection prevention is essential. Chitosan, thanks to its bactericidal activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as anti-inflammatory and hemostatic properties, is an excellent candidate to design dressings for difficult-to-heal wound treatment. The great advantage of this biopolymer is its capacity to be chemically modified, which allows for the production of various functional forms, depending on the needs and subsequent use. Moreover, chitosan can be an excellent polymer matrix for bacteriophage (phage) packing as a novel alternative/supportive antibacterial therapy approach. This study is focused on the preparation and characteristics of chitosan-based material in the form of a film with the addition of Pseudomonas lytic phages (KTN4, KT28, and LUZ19), which would exhibit antibacterial activity as a potential dressing that accelerates the wound healing. We investigated the method of producing a polymer based on microcrystalline chitosan (MKCh) to serve as the matrix for phage deposition. We described some important parameters such as average molar mass, swelling capacity, surface morphology, phage release profile, and antibacterial activity tested in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial model. The chitosan polysaccharide turned out to interact with phage particles immobilizing them within a material matrix. Nevertheless, with the high hydrophilicity and swelling features of the prepared material, the external solution of bacterial culture was absorbed and phages went in direct contact with bacteria causing their lysis in the polymer matrix. KEY POINTS: • A novel chitosan-based matrix with the addition of active phages was prepared • Phage interactions with the chitosan matrix were determined as electrostatic • Phages in the matrix work through direct contact with the bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sikora
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
- Lukasiewicz Research Network-Lodz Institute of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomir Wąsik
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
- Central Office of Measures, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Semaniak
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
- Central Office of Measures, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Michał Arabski
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland.
- Central Office of Measures, Warsaw, Poland.
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2
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Erdoğmuş SF, Altıntaş ÖE, Çelik S. Production of fungal chitosan and fabrication of fungal chitosan/polycaprolactone electrospun nanofibers for tissue engineering. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:1309-1321. [PMID: 36929665 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated that chitosan production of Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 1526 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404. Fungal chitosans were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter and deacetylation degrees of fungal chitosans were determined. The percentage yield of Ro-chitosan and An-chitosan were determined as 18.6% and 12.5%, respectively. According to percentage of chitosan yield and the results of the characterization studies, chitosan that obtained from Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 1526 was selected for subsequent studies. Cytotoxicity of chitosan obtained from Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 1526 was determined by MTT assay on human dermal fibroblast cell line. Acording to results of the cytotoxicity test fungal chitosan was nontoxic on cells. The high cell viability was observed 375 μg/mL concentration at 24th, 48th h periods and at the 187.5 μg/ml 72nd h periods on cells. The fungal chitosan obtained from Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 1526 was used to fabrication of electrospun nanofibers. Fungal chitosan based polymer solutions were prepared by adding different substances and different electrostatic spinning parameters were used to obtain most suitable nanofiber structure. Characterization studies of nanofibers were carried out by SEM, FTIR and X-ray diffraction. The most suitable nanofiber structure was determined as F4 formula. The nanofiber structure was evaluated to be thin, bead-free, uniform, flexible and easily remove from surface and taking the shape of the area. After the characterization analysis of fungal chitosan it was determined that the chitosan, which obtained from Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 1526 is actually chitosan polymer and this polymer is usable for pharmaceutical areas and biotechnological applications. The electrospun nanofiber that blends fungal chitosan and PCL polymers were fabricated successfully and that it can be used as fabrication wound dressing models. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Extraction of chitosan from Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 1526 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 and characterization scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter. Fabrication and characterization of the fungal chitosan/PCL electrospun nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Feyza Erdoğmuş
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Özlem Erdal Altıntaş
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Şuhut Vocational School of Health Services, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Sefa Çelik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Araújo D, Rodrigues T, Roma-Rodrigues C, Alves VD, Fernandes AR, Freitas F. Chitin-Glucan Complex Hydrogels: Physical-Chemical Characterization, Stability, In Vitro Drug Permeation, and Biological Assessment in Primary Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040791. [PMID: 36850075 PMCID: PMC9963717 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin-glucan complex (CGC) hydrogels were fabricated by coagulation of the biopolymer from an aqueous alkaline solution, and their morphology, swelling behavior, mechanical, rheological, and biological properties were studied. In addition, their in vitro drug loading/release ability and permeation through mimic-skin artificial membranes (Strat-M) were assessed. The CGC hydrogels prepared from 4 and 6 wt% CGC suspensions (Na51*4 and Na51*6 hydrogels, respectively) had polymer contents of 2.40 ± 0.15 and 3.09 ± 0.22 wt%, respectively, and displayed a highly porous microstructure, characterized by compressive moduli of 39.36 and 47.30 kPa and storage moduli of 523.20 and 7012.25 Pa, respectively. Both hydrogels had a spontaneous and almost immediate swelling in aqueous media, and a high-water retention capacity (>80%), after 30 min incubation at 37 °C. Nevertheless, the Na51*4 hydrogels had higher fatigue resistance and slightly higher-water retention capacity. These hydrogels were loaded with caffeine, ibuprofen, diclofenac, or salicylic acid, reaching entrapment efficiency values ranging between 13.11 ± 0.49% for caffeine, and 15.15 ± 1.54% for salicylic acid. Similar release profiles in PBS were observed for all tested APIs, comprising an initial fast release followed by a steady slower release. In vitro permeation experiments through Strat-M membranes using Franz diffusion cells showed considerably higher permeation fluxes for caffeine (33.09 µg/cm2/h) and salicylic acid (19.53 µg/cm2/h), compared to ibuprofen sodium and diclofenac sodium (4.26 and 0.44 µg/cm2/h, respectively). Analysis in normal human dermal fibroblasts revealed that CGC hydrogels have no major effects on the viability, migration ability, and morphology of the cells. Given their demonstrated features, CGC hydrogels are very promising structures, displaying tunable physical properties, which support their future development into novel transdermal drug delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Araújo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departmento Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Thomas Rodrigues
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departmento Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vítor D. Alves
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departmento Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Filomena Freitas
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-212948300
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Bonetti L, Caprioglio A, Bono N, Candiani G, Altomare L. Mucoadhesive chitosan-methylcellulose oral patches for the treatment of local mouth bacterial infections. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:2699-2710. [PMID: 36722890 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01540d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mucoadhesive buccal patches are dosage forms promising for successful drug delivery. They show the distinctive advantages of long residence time on the oral mucosa and increased in situ drug bioavailability. In this context, electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of chitosan (CS) has been demonstrated as a simple and easily tunable technique to produce mucoadhesive buccal patches. However, CS-based buccal patches may suffer from weak mucoadhesion, which can impair their therapeutic effect. In this work, methylcellulose (MC), a widely investigated biopolymer in the biomedical area, was exploited to increase the mucoadhesive characteristic of pristine CS patches. CS-MC patches were obtained in a one-pot process via EPD, and the possibility of incorporating gentamicin sulfate (GS) as a model of a broad-spectrum antibiotic in the so-obtained patches was investigated. The resulting CS-MC patches showed high stability in a water environment and superior mucoadhesive characteristic (σadh = 0.85 ± 0.26 kPa, Wadh = 1192.28 ± 602.36 Pa mm) when compared with the CS control samples (σadh = 0.42 ± 0.22 kPa, Wadh = 343.13 ± 268.89 Pa mm), due to both the control of the patch porosity and the bioadhesive nature of MC. Furthermore, GS-loaded patches showed no in vitro cytotoxic effects by challenging L929 cells with material extracts and noteworthy antibacterial activity on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bonetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alice Caprioglio
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Nina Bono
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Candiani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Lina Altomare
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
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5
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Urs MJ, Moerschbacher BM, Cord-Landwehr S. Quantitative enzymatic-mass spectrometric analysis of the chitinous polymers in fungal cell walls. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Valle-Sotelo EG, Troncoso-Rojas R, Tiznado-Hernández ME, Carvajal-Millán E, Sánchez-Estrada A, Henry García Y. Bioefficacy of fungal chitin oligomers in the control of postharvest decay in tomato fruit. INTERNATIONAL FOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.47836/ifrj.29.5.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most commercialised and consumed fruits worldwide. However, tomatoes are highly susceptible to Alternaria rot. Among the safe strategies proposed to control Alternaria rot is the induction of defence mechanisms through biological elicitors, such as chitin. Chitin and its oligosaccharides are an activate plant defence mechanisms, but studies of fruits exposed to fungal chitin fragments are scarce. Therefore, the present work aimed to obtain and partially characterise chitin oligomers of Alternaria alternata, and evaluate their effect on the defence mechanism of tomato fruits and their tolerance to Alternaria rot. The chitin oligomers obtained had a molecular weight of ≤ 1 kDa, 12% N-acetyl-glucosamine, 0.2% residual protein, and were 94% acetylated. These oligomers markedly increased the enzymatic activity of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in tomato fruits, and the development of Alternaria rot was inhibited by 78%. Chitin oligomers of A. alternata represent a promising alternative to attenuate Alternaria rot in tomato fruits through an enzymatic defence mechanism.
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7
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Sushytskyi L, Synytsya A, Mirzayeva T, Kalouskova T, Bleha R, Čopíková J, Kubač D, Grivalský T, Ulbrich P, Kaštánek P. Fractionation of the water insoluble part of the heterotrophic mutant green microalga Parachlorella kessleri HY1 (Chlorellaceae) biomass: Identification and structure of polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:27-42. [PMID: 35623455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The water-insoluble part of Parachlorella kessleri HY1 biomass was subjected to the extraction of cell-wall polysaccharides using polar aprotic solvents (DMSO, LiCl/DMSO) and aqueous alkaline solutions (0.1, 1 and 4 mol·l-1 of NaOH). Proteins predominated in all the crude extracts and in the insoluble residues were partially removed by treatment with proteolytic enzymes (pepsin and pronase), and in some cases with the HCl/H2O2 reagent, yielding purified polysaccharide-enriched fractions. These treatments led to the solubilisation of some products in water. The composition and structure of isolated polysaccharides were characterised based on monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage and spectroscopic analyses. The DMSO extract contained mainly proteins, and polysaccharides were not detected. The water-soluble parts isolated from the LiCl/DMSO extract contained α-l-rhamnan, α-d-glucan and β-d-glucogalactan; the water-insoluble part contained (1 → 4)-β-d-xylan, first isolated from the biomass of green microalgae. The alkali extracts contained polysaccharides of similar structure, and also water-insoluble (1 → 4)-β-d-mannan. The insoluble part after all extractions contained α-chitin as the main polysaccharide, which was confirmed by spectroscopic methods. All these polysaccharides can play a certain role in the cell wall structure of this microalga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Sushytskyi
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Andriy Synytsya
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tamilla Mirzayeva
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kalouskova
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Bleha
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Čopíková
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Kubač
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237 - Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třebon, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Grivalský
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237 - Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třebon, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Ulbrich
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6 Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kaštánek
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6 Dejvice, Czech Republic; EcoFuel Laboratories s.r.o, Ocelářská 9, Prague 9 Libeň 190 00, Czech Republic
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8
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Effect of low-pressure radio-frequency air plasma on chitosan films. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Chitosan Production by Fungi: Current State of Knowledge, Future Opportunities and Constraints. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Conventionally, the commercial supply of chitin and chitosan relies on shellfish wastes as the extraction sources. However, the fungal sources constitute a valuable option, especially for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, due to the batch-to-batch unsteady properties of chitin and chitosan from conventional ones. Fungal production of these glycans is not affected by seasonality enables accurate process control and, consequently, more uniform properties of the obtained product. Moreover, liquid and solid production media often are derived from wastes, thus enabling the application of circular economy criteria and improving the process economics. The present review deals with fungal chitosan production processes focusing on waste-oriented and integrated production processes. In doing so, contrary to other reviews that used a genus-specific approach for organizing the available information, the present one bases the discussion on the bioprocess typology. Finally, the main process parameters affecting chitosan production and their interactions are critically discussed.
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10
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Surface modification of film chitosan materials with aldehydes for wettability and biodegradation control. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-04039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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El Gamal AY, Atia MM, Sayed TE, Abou-Zaid MI, Tohamy MR. Antiviral activity of chitosan nanoparticles for controlling plant-infecting viruses. S AFR J SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2022/10693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNPs) are a potentially effective means for controlling numerous plant diseases. This study firstly describes the antiviral capabilities of ChiNPs to control plant viral diseases compared to its bulk form. Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) was used as a model plant virus affecting faba bean plants and many other legumes. The antiviral effectiveness of ChiNPs and chitosan were evaluated as a curative application method, using six dosage rates (50, 100, 200, 250, 300 and 400 mg/L). Results indicated that ChiNPs curatively applied 48 h post virus inoculation entirely inhibit the disease infectivity and viral accumulation content at 300 mg/L and 400 mg/L. The virus titre was greatly alleviated within the plant tissues by 7.71% up to100% depending on ChiNP dosage rates. However, chitosan used in its bulk-based material form revealed a relatively low to an intermediate reduction in virus infectivity by 6.67% up to 48.86%. Interestingly, ChiNPs affect the virus particle’s integrity by producing defective and incomplete BYMV viral particles, defeating their replication and accumulation content within the plant tissues. Simultaneously, ChiNP applications were appreciably shown to promote the pathogenesis-related (PR-1) gene and other defence-related factors. The mRNA of the PR-1 gene was markedly accumulated in treated plants, reaching its maximum at 400 mg/L with 16.22-fold relative expression change over the untreated control. Further, the total phenol dynamic curve was remarkably promoted for 30 days in response to ChiNP application, as compared to the untreated control. Our results provide the first report that chitosan-based nanomaterials have a superior effect in controlling plant viruses as an antiviral curing agent, suggesting that they may feasibly be involved in viral disease management strategies under field conditions without serious health concerns and environmental costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Y. El Gamal
- Virus and Phytoplasma Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Atia
- Plant Pathology Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tarek El Sayed
- Virus and Phytoplasma Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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12
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Xue M, Wen Z, Huang R, Chai X, Li W, Chen C, Chen H. Preparation of coated paper reinforced by a blend of anionic-starch-based nanocellulose/chitosan and its properties. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22402-22409. [PMID: 36106000 PMCID: PMC9364362 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03955a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal whisker (C-CNC) and chitosan (CTS) were used to blend and reinforce anionic starch (AS) to prepare a paper-coating agent, AS-CNC-CTS, which was coated on one side of the surface of offset paper and kraft paper. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the AS-CNC-CTS coating agent can form a layer of dense film on the paper surface and fill the surface pores. And also, owing to the irregular pore structure of the paper, the coating agent penetrated the pores to different degrees. The structure and mechanical properties of the coated paper were analyzed using a Fourier infrared spectrometer, computer-controlled paper-tearing tester and paper tensile strength test machine. Peptide bonding interaction between C-CNC and CTS, hydrogen bonding between C-CNC and CTS, C-CNC and AS, C-CNC and paper fibers, as well as electrostatic attraction between acidified CTS and AS were found. Moreover, the coating agent also had good antibacterial properties, and no mold spots formed throughout the observation period (60d). The gas-barrier properties and oil resistance of the coated paper were further studied using a paper and paperboard air permeability tester and a paper oil-permeability tester. Results showed that the coating agent can significantly enhance the gas-barrier properties and oil resistance of paper. Furthermore, with increased C-CNC content in the coating agent, its barrier properties gradually increased. This finding indicated that the coating preparation had no effect on the crystal region of C-CNC. Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal whisker (C-CNC) and chitosan (CTS) were used to blend and reinforce anionic starch (AS) to prepare a paper-coating agent, AS-CNC-CTS, which was coated on one side of the surface of offset paper and kraft paper.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Meigui Xue
- Dongguan Polytechnic, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhou Wen
- Dongguan Polytechnic, Dongguan 523808, China
| | | | - Xinsheng Chai
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Dongguan Quality of Testing, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wei Li
- Dongguan Polytechnic, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- Dongguan Quality of Testing, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Hongqian Chen
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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13
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Comparison of the Physicochemical Properties of Chitin Extracted from Cicada orni Sloughs Harvested in Three Different Years and Characterization of the Resulting Chitosan. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112311278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chitin and its derivative chitosan are among the most used polysaccharides for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Most of the commercially available chitin is obtained from seafood wastes. However, the interest in alternative renewable sources of chitin and chitosan, such as insects, is growing. When new sources are identified, their stability over time has to be evaluated to allow for their commercialization. The aim of this study is to compare the physicochemical properties of chitin extracted from Cicada orni sloughs harvested in three different years (2017, 2019 and 2020) in order to assess the stability of the source and the repeatability of the extraction process. Chitin and its derivative chitosan were characterized by simple techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results suggest that the physicochemical properties of the extracted chitin varied from year to year, and that these differences are not due to the extraction process, but rather to intrinsic differences within the source. We showed that these differences could already be detected by analyzing the raw material (i.e., cicada sloughs) using the above-mentioned simple methods. The chitosan obtained from deacetylation of chitin had a low degree of deacetylation (66.2±1.6%). This low degree of deacetylation can be attributed to the deacetylation process, which is probably not appropriate for this source of chitin.
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14
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Han Q, Wu N, Li HL, Zhang JY, Li X, Deng MF, Zhu K, Wang JE, Duan HX, Yang Q. A Piperine-Based Scaffold as a Novel Starting Point to Develop Inhibitors against the Potent Molecular Target OfChtI. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7534-7544. [PMID: 34185539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c08119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The insect chitinase OfChtI from the agricultural pest Ostrinia furnacalis (Asian corn borer) is a promising target for green insecticide design. OfChtI is a critical chitinolytic enzyme for the cuticular chitin degradation at the stage of molting. In this study, piperine, a natural amide compound isolated from black pepper, Piper nigrum L., was discovered for the first time to have inhibitory activity toward OfChtI. The compound-enzyme interaction was presumed to take place between the piperine benzo[d][1,3] dioxole skeleton and subsite -1 of the substrate-binding pocket of OfChtI. Hence, on the basis of the deduced inhibitory mechanism and crystal structure of the substrate-binding cavity of OfChtI, compounds 5a-f were designed and synthesized by introducing a butenolide scaffold into the lead compound piperine. The enzymatic activity assay indicated that compounds 5a-f (Ki = 1.03-2.04 μM) exhibited approximately 40-80-fold higher inhibitory activity than the lead compound piperine (I) (Ki = 81.45 μM) toward OfChtI. The inhibitory mechanism of the piperonyl butenolide compounds was elucidated by molecular dynamics, which demonstrated that the introduced butenolide skeleton improved the binding affinity to OfChtI. Moreover, the in vivo activity assay indicated that these compounds also displayed moderate insecticidal activity toward O. furnacalis. This work introduces the natural product piperine as a starting point for the development of novel insecticides targeting OfChtI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Han
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Lin Li
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yu Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Fei Deng
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-E Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xia Duan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection and Shenzhen Agricultural Genome Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
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15
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The Effect of Molecular Weight on the Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan from Loligo opalescens for Food Packaging Applications. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19070384. [PMID: 34356809 PMCID: PMC8303414 DOI: 10.3390/md19070384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing requirement for sustainable processes has boosted the development of biodegradable plastic-based materials incorporating bioactive compounds obtained from waste, adding value to these products. Chitosan (Ch) is a biopolymer that can be obtained by deacetylation of chitin (found abundantly in waste from the fishery industry) and has valuable properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, antimicrobial activity, and easy film-forming ability. This study aimed to produce and characterize poly(lactic acid) (PLA) surfaces coated with β-chitosan and β-chitooligosaccharides from a Loligo opalescens pen with different molecular weights for application in the food industry. The PLA films with native and depolymerized Ch were functionalized through plasma oxygen treatment followed by dip-coating, and their physicochemical properties were assessed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, water contact angle, and scanning electron microscopy. Their antimicrobial properties were assessed against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida, where Ch-based surfaces reduced the number of biofilm viable, viable but nonculturable, and culturable cells by up to 73%, 74%, and 87%, respectively, compared to PLA. Biofilm growth inhibition was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results suggest that Ch films of higher molecular weight had higher antibiofilm activity under the food storage conditions mimicked in this work, contributing simultaneously to the reuse of marine waste.
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16
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Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria using fusidic acid-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Dey D, Dharini V, Periyar Selvam S, Rotimi Sadiku E, Mahesh Kumar M, Jayaramudu J, Nath Gupta U. Physical, antifungal, and biodegradable properties of cellulose nanocrystals and chitosan nanoparticles for food packaging application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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18
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Kim H, Kang S, Li K, Jung D, Park K, Lee J. Preparation and characterization of various chitin-glucan complexes derived from white button mushroom using a deep eutectic solvent-based ecofriendly method. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:122-129. [PMID: 33333095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have gained great interests as ecofriendly and safe solvents in diverse areas. Herein, various chitin-glucan complexes (CGCs) were prepared from white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) using DESs. Ultrasonication of mushroom in five DESs yielded two types of CGCs from each DES, one from the DES-insoluble residue (DES_P) and another from the DES-soluble extract (DES_S). The ten resulting CGCs with varying chitin-to-β-glucan ratios were compared with alkali-insoluble matter (AIM), chemically prepared using NaOH. BU_S and BU_P, prepared using BU comprising betaine and urea, were obtained in the highest yields with reasonably low protein and mineral contents. Despite different acetylation degrees (77.3% and 57.3%, respectively), BU_S and BU_P both degraded at 318 °C and showed remarkably low crystallinity (32.0% and 37.0% for BU_S and BU_P, respectively) compared to AIM, commercial chitin, and the reported CGCs. The surface of BU_S and BU_P was very porous and rough compared with AIM as a result of reduced H-bonds and lowered crystallinity. The DES-based method can potentially enable the preparation of advanced biomaterials from mushrooms under mild and ecofriendly conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hireem Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulgi Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ke Li
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Jung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunbae Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmi Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Poshekhontseva VY, Fokina VV, Sukhodolskaya GV, Shutov AA, Donova MV. Study of the Effect of Lower Eukaryotes on Tacrolimus (FK-506) Biosynthesis by the Streptomyces tsukubensis Strain VKM Ac-2618D. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820080062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Amphiphilic diethylaminoethyl chitosan of high molecular weight as an edible film. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3411-3420. [PMID: 32828889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Edible films and coatings can enhance the quality of food products, protecting them from biological deterioration, especially against fungal diseases and pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, films from chitosan, diethylaminoethyl-chitosan (DEAE-CH) and its hydrophobicized derivative DEAE-CH-DD were prepared by casting and their physicochemical and antimicrobial properties evaluated. The grafting with DEAE and dodecyl groups resulted in films with an elasticity modulus up to five times higher than commercial chitosan and increased water vapor permeability. Field emission gun - scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy techniques showed films with smooth surfaces and the contact angle measurements revealed a correlation between the grafted group and hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature of the surface of the film. The amphiphilic derivatives exhibited better antimicrobial activity than unmodified chitosan against Penecillium expansum, Alternaria alternata and Alternaria solani. The amphiphilics DEAE-CH and DEAE-CH-DD showed no toxicity and delayed rotting and loss of water in strawberries and bananas, suggesting that this kind of film has great potential for increasing the shelf-life of different fruits.
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21
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Ahmad SI, Ahmad R, Khan MS, Kant R, Shahid S, Gautam L, Hasan GM, Hassan MI. Chitin and its derivatives: Structural properties and biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:526-539. [PMID: 32682975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chitin, a polysaccharide that occurs abundantly in nature after cellulose, has attracted the interest of the scientific community due to its plenty of availability and low cost. Mostly, it is derived from the exoskeleton of insects and marine crustaceans. Often, it is insoluble in common solvents that limit its applications but its deacetylated product, named chitosan is found to be soluble in protonated aqueous medium and used widely in various biomedical fields. Indeed, the existence of the primary amino group on the backbone of chitosan provides it an important feature to modify it chemically into other derivatives easily. In the present review, we present the structural properties of chitin, and its derivatives and highlighted their biomedical implications including, tissue engineering, drug delivery, diagnosis, molecular imaging, antimicrobial activity, and wound healing. We further discussed the limitations and prospects of this versatile natural polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ishraque Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Zakir Husain Delhi College (University of Delhi), New Delhi 110002, India.
| | - Razi Ahmad
- Regional Center for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mohd Shoeb Khan
- Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Chemistry, Zakir Husain Delhi College (University of Delhi), New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Shumaila Shahid
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Leela Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, Zakir Husain Delhi College (University of Delhi), New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India.
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22
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Dzurendova S, Zimmermann B, Kohler A, Tafintseva V, Slany O, Certik M, Shapaval V. Microcultivation and FTIR spectroscopy-based screening revealed a nutrient-induced co-production of high-value metabolites in oleaginous Mucoromycota fungi. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234870. [PMID: 32569317 PMCID: PMC7307774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucoromycota fungi possess a versatile metabolism and can utilize various substrates for production of industrially important products, such as lipids, chitin/chitosan, polyphosphates, pigments, alcohols and organic acids. However, as far as commercialisation is concerned, establishing industrial biotechnological processes based on Mucoromycota fungi is still challenging due to the high production costs compared to the final product value. Therefore, the development of co-production concept is highly desired since more than one valuable product could be produced at the time and the process has a potentially higher viability. To develop such biotechnological strategy, we applied a high throughput approach consisting of micro-titre cultivation and FTIR spectroscopy. This approach allows single-step biochemical fingerprinting of either fungal biomass or growth media without tedious extraction of metabolites. The influence of two types of nitrogen sources and different levels of inorganic phosphorus on the co-production of lipids, chitin/chitosan and polyphosphates for nine different oleaginous Mucoromycota fungi was evaluated. FTIR analysis of biochemical composition of Mucoromycota fungi and biomass yield showed that variation in inorganic phosphorus had higher effect when inorganic nitrogen source-ammonium sulphate-was used. It was observed that: (1) Umbelopsis vinacea reached almost double biomass yield compared to other strains when yeast extract was used as nitrogen source while phosphorus limitation had little effect on the biomass yield; (2) Mucor circinelloides, Rhizopus stolonifer, Amylomyces rouxii, Absidia glauca and Lichtheimia corymbifera overproduced chitin/chitosan under the low pH caused by the limitation of inorganic phosphorus; (3) Mucor circinelloides, Amylomyces rouxii, Rhizopus stolonifer and Absidia glauca were able to store polyphosphates in addition to lipids when high concentration of inorganic phosphorus was used; (4) the biomass and lipid yield of high-value lipid producers Mortierella alpina and Mortierella hyalina were significantly increased when high concentrations of inorganic phosphorus were combined with ammonium sulphate, while the same amount of inorganic phosphorus combined with yeast extract showed negative impact on the growth and lipid accumulation. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the co-production potential of several oleaginous Mucoromycota fungi forming lipids, chitin/chitosan and polyphosphates in a single cultivation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dzurendova
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Boris Zimmermann
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Valeria Tafintseva
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ondrej Slany
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Certik
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Volha Shapaval
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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23
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Liu T, Han H, Wang D, Guo X, Zhou Y, Fukamizo T, Yang Q. Potent Fungal Chitinase for the Bioconversion of Mycelial Waste. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5384-5390. [PMID: 32275147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger mycelial waste is a good raw material for production of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc). In this study, AnChiB, an A. niger chitinase which is upregulated during autolysis, was found to degrade A. niger mycelial waste with high efficiency. It could produce 1.45 mM (GlcNAc)2 in 8 h from raw mycelial waste, outperforming other chitinases, including bacterial SmChiA, human HsCht, and insect OfChtI and OfChi-h. The crystal structure of AnChiB was determined, and residues Trp106 and Trp118 were found to be important for the activity of AnChiB toward mycelial waste; mutation of either Trp106 or Trp118 into phenylalanine or alanine resulted in dramatically decreased activity. A recombinant strain of Bacillus subtilis was constructed to extracellularly produce AnChiB, and the culture supernatant was used to treat mycelial waste. This eco-friendly strategy could produce 3.7 mM of GlcNAc from 10 g of mycelial waste in 94 h with a yield of 71.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250013, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaoguang Guo
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tamo Fukamizo
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection and Shenzhen Agricultural Genome Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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24
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Debnath T, Islam MS, Hoque S, Haque P, Rahman MM. Preparation and characterization of chitosan grafted poly(lactic acid) films for biomedical composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2019-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPolymer composites offer a great advantage in biomedical field over the traditional materials used like, metal, ceramics, or polymer alone. Polymer composites provide tailor-made facilities to design required physiological and mechanical properties in biomedical products. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a popular aliphatic polyester used in various biomedical products because they have a renewable source and after resorption they enter well into the Krebs cycle of the human body. However, PLA suffers from hydrolysis and subsequent weight loss in aqueous environment. To improve the hydrolytic properties of hydrophobic PLA and to incorporate the biocompatibility from chitosan (CS) into it, in this study CS has been grafted onto PLA film. CS with 78% of degree of deacetylation and viscosity average molecular weight of about 8,31,760 Da was grafted onto hydrolyzed PLA film surface. Kjeldahl analysis confirmed the attachment of CS onto the PLA films. From thermal stability analysis, it was observed that percentage of weight retention at 600°C of the CS-g-PLA was around 15% higher than that of pure PLA. The mechanical properties of final CS-grafted-PLA composites showed more resistance to hydrolytic degradation than that of pure PLA film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonmoy Debnath
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sazedul Islam
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sirajul Hoque
- Department of Soil, Water and Environment, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Papia Haque
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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25
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Liu T, Guo X, Bu Y, Zhou Y, Duan Y, Yang Q. Structural and biochemical insights into an insect gut-specific chitinase with antifungal activity. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 119:103326. [PMID: 31968227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The antifungal activity of insect chitinase has rarely been studied. Here, we show that chitinase ChtIV, which is specifically expressed in the midgut of Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis), has antifungal activity toward phytopathogenic fungi. ChtIV exhibited high stability and mycelial hydrolytic activity in the extreme midgut environment, which has a pH of 10 and is rich in proteases. Hyper-N-glycosylation and reduced electrostatic interactions ensure the stability of ChtIV in the midgut. The structural characteristics of ChtIV are similar to two plant antifungal chitinases but distinct from an insect chitinase for cuticular chitin degradation in both the substrate-binding cleft and auxiliary binding motif. Since the phytopathogenic fungi are those that frequently invade corn, ChtIV may play a role in insect immune system and become a potential pesticide target. The crystal structures of ChtIV and its complexes with penta-N-acetylchitopentaose (a substrate) and allosamidin (an inhibitor) were obtained, which may facilitate rational design of ChtIV inhibitors as agrichemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaoguang Guo
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yunfei Bu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yanwei Duan
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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26
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Araújo D, Alves VD, Marques AC, Fortunato E, Reis MAM, Freitas F. Low Temperature Dissolution of Yeast Chitin-Glucan Complex and Characterization of the Regenerated Polymer. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E28. [PMID: 32183337 PMCID: PMC7175172 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin-glucan complex (CGC) is a copolymer composed of chitin and glucan moieties extracted from the cell-walls of several yeasts and fungi. Despite its proven valuable properties, that include antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activity, the utilization of CGC in many applications is hindered by its insolubility in water and most solvents. In this study, NaOH/urea solvent systems were used for the first time for solubilization of CGC extracted from the yeast Komagataella pastoris. Different NaOH/urea ratios (6:8, 8:4 and 11:4 (w/w), respectively) were used to obtain aqueous solutions using a freeze/thaw procedure. There was an overall solubilization of 63-68%, with the highest solubilization rate obtained for the highest tested urea concentration (8 wt%). The regenerated polymer, obtained by dialysis of the alkali solutions followed by lyophilization, formed porous macrostructures characterized by a chemical composition similar to that of the starting co-polymer, although the acetylation degree decreased from 61.3% to 33.9-50.6%, indicating that chitin was converted into chitosan, yielding chitosan-glucan complex (ChGC). Consistent with this, there was a reduction of the crystallinity index and thermal degradation temperature. Given these results, this study reports a simple and green procedure to solubilize CGC and obtain aqueous ChGC solutions that can be processed as novel biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Araújo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (D.A.); (M.A.M.R.)
| | - Vítor D. Alves
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Ana C. Marques
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.C.M.); (E.F.)
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.C.M.); (E.F.)
| | - Maria A. M. Reis
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (D.A.); (M.A.M.R.)
| | - Filomena Freitas
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (D.A.); (M.A.M.R.)
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27
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Davis R, Taylor A, Nally R, Benson KF, Stamets P, Jensen GS. Differential Immune Activating, Anti-Inflammatory, and Regenerative Properties of the Aqueous, Ethanol, and Solid Fractions of a Medicinal Mushroom Blend. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:117-131. [PMID: 32158252 PMCID: PMC7049272 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s229446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare three fractions of a medicinal mushroom blend (MMB), MyCommunity, on immune-activation, inflammation-regulation, and induction of biomarkers involved in regenerative functions. Methods A seventeen-species MMB was sequentially extracted: first, saline solution at ambient temperature, followed by re-extraction of the solids in ethanol, and finally resuspension of the homogenized ethanol-insoluble solids in cell-culture media. Fractions were tested on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from three healthy donors. Immunostaining, flow-cytometry, and Luminex protein-arrays measured immune-cell activation and cytokine response. Dose-responses for induction of the CD69 early activation marker and individual cytokine and growth-factor responses for each donor were evaluated. The CD69 and the combined cytokine and growth-factor results were subjected to Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and multivariate ordination to aid interpretation of the aggregate immune response and pairwise permutational MANOVA on a distance-matrix to evaluate statistical differences between treatments on pooled data from all donors. Results Differential effects were induced by water-soluble, ethanol-soluble, and insoluble immunomodulatory compounds of the MMB. The aqueous and ethanol fractions upregulated expression of CD69 on all tested cell types. Monocyte-activation was correlated with the ethanol fraction, while NKT and non-NK non-T cell-activation was more closely correlated with the aqueous fraction. The solid fraction was the most potent inducer of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, as well as the anti-viral cytokines interferon-γ, MCP-1 (CCL-2), MIP-1α (CCL-3), and MIP-1β (CCL-4), and induced G-CSF and b-FGF—growth-factors involved in regenerative functions—and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1ra. Conclusion The aqueous, ethanol, and insoluble compounds within MMB induced differential immune-activating, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative effects. This in vitro data suggests that, upon consumption, MMB may induce a concerted series of immunomodulatory events based on the differential solubility and bioavailability of the active constituents. These differential responses support both immune-activation and resolution of the host defense-induced inflammatory reactions, thus assisting a post-response return to homeostasis.
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Surface properties of chitin-glucan nanopapers from Agaricus bisporus. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:677-687. [PMID: 31954796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The structural component of fungal cell walls comprises of chitin covalently bonded to glucan; this constitutes a native composite material (chitin-glucan, CG) combining the strength of chitin and the toughness of glucan. It has a native nano-fibrous structure in contrast to nanocellulose, for which further nanofibrillation is required. Nanopapers can be manufactured from fungal chitin nanofibrils (FChNFs). FChNF nanopapers are potentially applicable in packaging films, composites, or membranes for water treatment due to their distinct surface properties inherited from the composition of chitin and glucan. Here, chitin-glucan nanofibrils were extracted from common mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cell walls utilizing a mild isolation procedure to preserve the native quality of the chitin-glucan complex. These extracts were readily disintegrated into nanofibre dimensions by a low-energy mechanical blending, thus making the extract dispersion directly suitable for nanopaper preparation using a simple vacuum filtration process. Chitin-glucan nanopaper morphology, mechanical, chemical, and surface properties were studied and compared to chitin nanopapers of crustacean (Cancer pagurus) origin. It was found that fungal extract nanopapers had distinct physico-chemical surface properties, being more hydrophobic than crustacean chitin.
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Nawawi WMFBW, Jones M, Murphy RJ, Lee KY, Kontturi E, Bismarck A. Nanomaterials Derived from Fungal Sources-Is It the New Hype? Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:30-55. [PMID: 31592650 PMCID: PMC7076696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Greener alternatives to synthetic polymers are constantly being investigated and sought after. Chitin is a natural polysaccharide that gives structural support to crustacean shells, insect exoskeletons, and fungal cell walls. Like cellulose, chitin resides in nanosized structural elements that can be isolated as nanofibers and nanocrystals by various top-down approaches, targeted at disintegrating the native construct. Chitin has, however, been largely overshadowed by cellulose when discussing the materials aspects of the nanosized components. This Perspective presents a thorough overview of chitin-related materials research with an analytical focus on nanocomposites and nanopapers. The red line running through the text emphasizes the use of fungal chitin that represents several advantages over the more popular crustacean sources, particularly in terms of nanofiber isolation from the native matrix. In addition, many β-glucans are preserved in chitin upon its isolation from the fungal matrix, enabling new horizons for various engineering solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan M. F. B. W. Nawawi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Biotechnology Engineering, International
Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mitchell Jones
- School
of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora
East Campus, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia
- Polymer and
Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry
and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Vienna, Währinger
Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard J. Murphy
- Centre
for Environment & Sustainability, University
of Surrey, Arthur C Clarke
building, Floor 2, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K.
| | - Koon-Yang Lee
- Department
of Aeronautics, Imperial College London,
South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Alexander Bismarck
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Polymer and
Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry
and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Vienna, Währinger
Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Antinori ME, Ceseracciu L, Mancini G, Heredia-Guerrero JA, Athanassiou A. Fine-Tuning of Physicochemical Properties and Growth Dynamics of Mycelium-Based Materials. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1044-1051. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Antinori
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
- DIBRIS, University of Genoa, Genoa 16145, Italy
| | - Luca Ceseracciu
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mancini
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
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Chatterjee S, Guha AK, Chatterjee BP. Evaluation of quantity and quality of chitosan produce from Rhizopus oryzae by utilizing food product processing waste whey and molasses. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 251:109565. [PMID: 31557669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low cost whey salt medium (WSM) and molasses salt medium (MSM) have been constructed utilizing food processing byproduct whey and molasses for the production of bio-polysaccharide chitosan from Rhizopus oryzae and subsequently comprehensive physico-chemical characterization of the fungal chitosan has been carried out using various analytical tools to apprehend its biochemical utility. Same has been repeated with chitosan from conventional potato dextrose broth (PDB) for comparison purpose. The yields of chitosan in three different media were 0.62 (WSM), 0.39 (MSM) and 0.63 (PDB) g/L respectively. Molecular weights of the chitosans were in the range of 100-300 kDa. WSM-chitosan and MSM-chitosan were less polydispersed, possessed more hydrated polymorph and loose crystal packing than PDB-chitosan. This indicate that WSM-chitosan and MSM-chitosan are highly exposed to the external reagent hence more reactive to the external reagents with compare to PDB-chitosan. Literature suggest isolated chitosans are useful for specific drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Chatterjee
- RCED-Kolkata, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Kolkata, 700046, India.
| | - Arun K Guha
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Bishnu P Chatterjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
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Machałowski T, Wysokowski M, Tsurkan MV, Galli R, Schimpf C, Rafaja D, Brendler E, Viehweger C, Żółtowska-Aksamitowska S, Petrenko I, Czaczyk K, Kraft M, Bertau M, Bechmann N, Guan K, Bornstein SR, Voronkina A, Fursov A, Bejger M, Biniek-Antosiak K, Rypniewski W, Figlerowicz M, Pokrovsky O, Jesionowski T, Ehrlich H. Spider Chitin: An Ultrafast Microwave-Assisted Method for Chitin Isolation from Caribena versicolor Spider Molt Cuticle. Molecules 2019; 24:E3736. [PMID: 31623238 PMCID: PMC6833065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin, as a fundamental polysaccharide in invertebrate skeletons, continues to be actively investigated, especially with respect to new sources and the development of effective methods for its extraction. Recent attention has been focused on marine crustaceans and sponges; however, the potential of spiders (order Araneae) as an alternative source of tubular chitin has been overlooked. In this work, we focused our attention on chitin from up to 12 cm-large Theraphosidae spiders, popularly known as tarantulas or bird-eating spiders. These organisms "lose" large quantities of cuticles during their molting cycle. Here, we present for the first time a highly effective method for the isolation of chitin from Caribena versicolor spider molt cuticle, as well as its identification and characterization using modern analytical methods. We suggest that the tube-like molt cuticle of this spider can serve as a naturally prefabricated and renewable source of tubular chitin with high potential for application in technology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Machałowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60965 Poznan, Poland.
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Marcin Wysokowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60965 Poznan, Poland.
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Mikhail V Tsurkan
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany.
| | - Roberta Galli
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Christian Schimpf
- Institute of Materials Science, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - David Rafaja
- Institute of Materials Science, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Erica Brendler
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Christine Viehweger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Sonia Żółtowska-Aksamitowska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60965 Poznan, Poland.
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Iaroslav Petrenko
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Katarzyna Czaczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60637 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Michael Kraft
- Institute of Chemical Technology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Bertau
- Institute of Chemical Technology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Alona Voronkina
- Department of Pharmacy, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, 21018 Vinnytsia, Ukraine.
| | - Andriy Fursov
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Magdalena Bejger
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61704 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - Wojciech Rypniewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61704 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marek Figlerowicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61704 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Oleg Pokrovsky
- Geoscience and Environment Toulouse, UMR 5563 CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.
- BIO-GEO-CLIM Laboratory, Tomsk State University, Lenina St. 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
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Green magnetic hydrogels synthesis, characterization and flavourzyme immobilization based on chitin from Hericium erinaceus residue and polyvinyl alcohol. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:462-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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34
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Morales D, Smiderle FR, Villalva M, Abreu H, Rico C, Santoyo S, Iacomini M, Soler-Rivas C. Testing the effect of combining innovative extraction technologies on the biological activities of obtained β-glucan-enriched fractions from Lentinula edodes. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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35
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Categories and biomanufacturing methods of glucosamine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7883-7889. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Hong Y, Ying T. Characterization of a chitin-glucan complex from the fruiting body of Termitomyces albuminosus (Berk.) Heim. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:131-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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37
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Chu F, Wang D, Liu T, Han H, Yu Y, Yang Q. An optimized cocktail of chitinolytic enzymes to produce N,N′-diacetylchitobiose and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine from defatted krill by-products. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:1029-1034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Hexavalent chromium removal by magnetic particle-loaded micro-sized chitinous egg shells isolated from ephippia of water flea. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Modification of Chitosan for the Generation of Functional Derivatives. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9071321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Today, chitosan (CS) is probably considered as a biofunctional polysaccharide with the most notable growth and potential for applications in various fields. The progress in chitin chemistry and the need to replace additives and non-natural polymers with functional natural-based polymers have opened many new opportunities for CS and its derivatives. Thanks to the specific reactive groups of CS and easy chemical modifications, a wide range of physico-chemical and biological properties can be obtained from this ubiquitous polysaccharide that is composed of β-(1,4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose repeating units. This review is presented to share insights into multiple native/modified CSs and chitooligosaccharides (COS) associated with their functional properties. An overview will be given on bioadhesive applications, antimicrobial activities, adsorption, and chelation in the wine industry, as well as developments in medical fields or biodegradability.
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40
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Kubbinga M, Augustijns P, García MA, Heinen C, Wortelboer HM, Verwei M, Langguth P. The effect of chitosan on the bioaccessibility and intestinal permeability of acyclovir. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 136:147-155. [PMID: 30682491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is object of pharmaceutical research as a candidate permeability enhancer. However, chitosan was recently shown to reduce the oral bioavailability of acyclovir in humans. The effect of chitosan on two processes determining the oral bioavailability of acyclovir, bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption, was now investigated. Acyclovir's bioaccessibility was studied using the dynamic TNO gastro-Intestinal Model (TIM-1). Four epithelial models were used for permeability experiments: a Caco-2 cell model in absence and presence of mucus and both rat and porcine excised intestinal segments. Study concentrations of acyclovir (0.8 g/l) and chitosan (1.6 g/l and 4 g/l) were in line with those used in the aforementioned human study. No effect of chitosan was measured on the bioaccessibility of acyclovir in the TIM-1 system. The results obtained with the Caco-2 models were not in line with the in vivo data. The tissue segment models (rat and porcine intestine) showed a negative trend of acyclovir's permeation in presence of chitosan. The Ussing type chamber showed to be the most biopredictive, as it did point to an overall statistically significantly reduced absorption of acyclovir. This model thus seems most appropriate for pharmaceutical development purposes, in particular when interactions between excipients and drugs are to become addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Kubbinga
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Belgium
| | - Mauricio A García
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Heinen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Miriam Verwei
- TNO Zeist, the Netherlands; TNO Triskelion, Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Langguth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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Stumpf AK, Vortmann M, Dirks-Hofmeister ME, Moerschbacher BM, Philipp B. Identification of a novel chitinase from Aeromonas hydrophila AH-1N for the degradation of chitin within fungal mycelium. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5266298. [PMID: 30596975 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Defined organic waste products are ideal and sustainable secondary feedstocks for production organisms in microbial biotechnology. Chitin from mycelia of fungal fermentation processes represents a homogeneous and constantly available waste product that can, however, not be utilised by typical bacterial production strains. Therefore, enzymes that degrade chitin within fungal mycelia have to be identified and expressed in production organisms. In this study, chitin-degrading bacteria were enriched and isolated from lake water with mycelia of Aspergillus tubingensis as sole organic growth substrate. This approach yielded solely strains of Aeromonas hydrophila. Comparison of the isolated strains with other A. hydrophila strains regarding their chitinolytic activities on fungal mycelia identified strain AH-1N as the best enzyme producer. From this strain, a chitinase (EC:3.2.1.14) was identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. Heterologous expression of the respective gene combined with mass spectrometry showed that the purified enzyme was capable of releasing chitobiose from fungal mycelia with a higher yield than a well-described chitinase from Serratia marcescens. Expression of the newly identified chitinase in biotechnological production strains could be the first step for making fungal mycelium accessible as a secondary feedstock. Additionally, the enrichment strategy proved to be feasible for identifying strains able to degrade fungal chitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Stumpf
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Muenster, Corrensstraße 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marina Vortmann
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Bruno M Moerschbacher
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Bodo Philipp
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Muenster, Corrensstraße 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
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42
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Chang AKT, Frias RR, Alvarez LV, Bigol UG, Guzman JPMD. Comparative antibacterial activity of commercial chitosan and chitosan extracted from Auricularia sp. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Mittal H, Ray SS, Kaith BS, Bhatia JK, Sukriti, Sharma J, Alhassan SM. Recent progress in the structural modification of chitosan for applications in diversified biomedical fields. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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44
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López-Iglesias C, Barros J, Ardao I, Monteiro FJ, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Gómez-Amoza JL, García-González CA. Vancomycin-loaded chitosan aerogel particles for chronic wound applications. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 204:223-231. [PMID: 30366534 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds are a prevailing cause of decreased quality of life, being microbial burden a factor hindering the normal wound healing process. Aerogels are nanostructured materials with large surface area (>250 m2/g) and high porosity (>96%). In this work, vancomycin-loaded chitosan aerogel beads were tested as a potential formulation to treat and prevent infections at the wound site. Processing of chitosan in the form of aerogels endowed this polysaccharide with enhanced water sorption capacity and air permeability. The morphological and textural properties of the particles were studied by image and N2 adsorption-desorption analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Vancomycin content and release profiles from aerogel carriers showed a fast drug release that permitted to efficiently achieve local therapeutic levels. Cell studies with fibroblasts and antimicrobial tests against S. aureus showed that the vancomycin-loaded aerogel particles were cytocompatible and effective in preventing high bacterial loads at the wound site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara López-Iglesias
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joana Barros
- FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, and INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inés Ardao
- BioFarma Research group, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando J Monteiro
- FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, and INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José L Gómez-Amoza
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos A García-González
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Bao J, Liu N, Zhu L, Xu Q, Huang H, Jiang L. Programming a Biofilm-Mediated Multienzyme-Assembly-Cascade System for the Biocatalytic Production of Glucosamine from Chitin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8061-8068. [PMID: 29989414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is used as an essential raw material for the production of glucosamine (GlcN). In this study, we adopted three key enzymes, isolated from Thermococcus kodakaraensis KOD1, that catalyze the sequential conversion of α-chitin into GlcN and developed a multienzyme-assembly-cascade (MAC) system immobilized in a bacterial biofilm, which enabled a multistep one-pot reaction. Specifically, the SpyTag-SpyCatcher and SnoopTag-SnoopCatcher pairs provided covalent and specific binding force to fix enzymes to the biofilm one by one and assemble close enzyme cascades. The MAC system showed great catalytic activity, converting 79.02 ± 3.61% of α-chitin into GlcN with little byproducts, which was 2.09 times that of GlcN catalyzed by a mixture of pure enzymes. The system also exhibited good temperature and pH stability. Notably, 90% of enzyme activity was retained after 6 rounds of reuse, and appreciable activity remained after 17 rounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Bao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Nian Liu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Zhu
- College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
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Mokhtari-Hosseini ZB, Hatamian-Zarmi A, Mohammadnejad J, Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh B. Chitin and chitosan biopolymer production from the Iranian medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum: Optimization and characterization. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:662-670. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1487847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra-Beagom Mokhtari-Hosseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum and Petrochemical Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Ashrafalsadat Hatamian-Zarmi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaber Mohammadnejad
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Thermoresponsive curcumin/DsiRNA nanoparticle gels for the treatment of diabetic wounds: synthesis and drug release. Ther Deliv 2018; 8:137-150. [PMID: 28145827 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2016-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Chitosan (CS) has been extensively studied as drug delivery systems for wound healing. Results/methodology: CS nanoparticles were loaded with curcumin (Cur) and DsiRNA against prostaglandin transporter gene and they were incorporated into 20 and 25% w/v Pluronic F-127. The gels were later analyzed for their rheology, gelation temperature (Tgel), morphology, drug incorporation and in vitro drug release. The particle size was in the range of 231 ± 17-320 ± 20 nm, depending on CS concentration. The gels had Tgel of 23-28°C and exhibited sustained drug release with high accumulated amount of drugs over 48 h. CONCLUSION A thermo-sensitive gel containing Cur/DsiRNA CS nanoparticles was successfully developed and has a great potential to be further developed.
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Chernyshova EB, Berezin AS, Tuzhikov OI. Hydrophobization of chitosan-based films with acrolein. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427217070229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on adsorption capacity and reusability of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/TiO2 nano composite. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:1133-1142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Rizwan M, Yahya R, Hassan A, Yar M, Azzahari AD, Selvanathan V, Sonsudin F, Abouloula CN. pH Sensitive Hydrogels in Drug Delivery: Brief History, Properties, Swelling, and Release Mechanism, Material Selection and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E137. [PMID: 30970818 PMCID: PMC6432076 DOI: 10.3390/polym9040137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the safety efficacy ratio of existing drugs is a current challenge to be addressed rather than the development of novel drugs which involve much expense and time. The efficacy of drugs is affected by a number of factors such as their low aqueous solubility, unequal absorption along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, risk of degradation in the acidic milieu of the stomach, low permeation of the drugs in the upper GI tract, systematic side effects, etc. This review aims to enlighten readers on the role of pH sensitive hydrogels in drug delivery, their mechanism of action, swelling, and drug release as a function of pH change along the GI tract. The basis for the selection of materials, their structural features, physical and chemical properties, the presence of ionic pendant groups, and the influence of their pKa and pKb values on the ionization, consequent swelling, and targeted drug release are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rosiyah Yahya
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Aziz Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Yar
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan.
| | | | - Vidhya Selvanathan
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Faridah Sonsudin
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Cheyma Naceur Abouloula
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Semlalia Marrakesh, Cadi Ayyad University, 40000 Marrakesh, Morocco.
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