1
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Jia Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Wang H, Niu Q, Zhu R, Li J, Fan W, Zhang Y. Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Foods on Lipids and Oxidative Stress Status in Patients with Hyperlipidemia: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:3167-3179. [PMID: 39006877 PMCID: PMC11245574 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s471372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperlipidemia has been demonstrated to be an autonomous predictor of numerous cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ailments, and research indicates that polyphenols have preventive and therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia. Nevertheless, the impact of polyphenol-rich foods on blood lipids and oxidative stress status in patients with hyperlipidemia remains inconclusive. Objective To examine the impact of polyphenol-rich foods on lipid levels and oxidative stress in individuals with hyperlipidemia. Methods To retrieve papers published from the establishment of the database through October 9, 2023, eight databases were searched: the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the China Biomedical Literature Database, the Wanfang Database, the China Science and Technology Journal Database, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and the Web of Science. The quality of include studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias in Randomized Trials tool, v2. Results The study involved 13 surveys encompassing 640 patients diagnosed with hyperlipidemia. The scope of the food surveys included 12 commonly consumed food groups and medicinal and food homologous substances. All 13 studies reported the effects of polyphenol-rich foods on blood lipids, with significant improvements observed in blood lipid levels for 9 types of foods. Eight studies examined the impact on oxidative stress, and six foods demonstrated a significant reduction in oxidative stress levels. The observed effects were found to be influenced by factors such as dosage, duration of intervention, and gender. Conclusion Foods abundant in polyphenols play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia by counteracting oxidative stress and regulating metabolic disorders. The confirmation of certain positive effects by several studies notwithstanding, discrepancies in results arise from various factors, necessitating further large-scale, prospective, well-designed randomized controlled studies to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatian Jia
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing/Research Center of Dietary Therapy Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingmei Niu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruifang Zhu
- Editorial Office, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Fan
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuexing Zhang
- School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, People’s Republic of China
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2
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The effect of three pectin fractions variation on the browning of different dried apple products. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Cambeiro-Pérez N, Figueiredo-González M, Pérez-Gregorio MR, Bessa-Pereira C, De Freitas V, Sánchez B, Martínez-Carballo E. Unravelling the immunomodulatory role of apple phenolic rich extracts on human THP-1- derived macrophages using multiplatform metabolomics. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111037. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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4
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Effects of Annurca Flesh Apple Polyphenols in Human Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6268755. [PMID: 35222800 PMCID: PMC8872649 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6268755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Among natural macromolecules, the polyphenol extract from Annurca flesh (AFPE) apple could play a potential therapeutic role for a large spectrum of human cancer also by exerting antioxidant properties. Thyroid cancer is a common neoplasia in women, and it is in general responsive to treatments although patients may relapse and metastasize or therapy-related side effects could occur. In this study, we explored the effects of AFPE on papillary (TPC-1) and anaplastic (CAL62) thyroid cancer cell line proliferation and viability. We found that AFPE exposure induced a reduction of cell proliferation and cell viability in dose-dependent manner. The effect was associated with the reduction of phosphorylation of Rb protein. To study the mechanisms underlying the biological effects of AFPE treatment in thyroid cancer cells, we investigated the modulation of miRNA (miR) expression. We found that AFPE treatment increased the expression of the miR-141, miR-145, miR-200a-5p, miR-425, and miR-551b-5p. Additionally, since natural polyphenols could exert their beneficial effects through the antioxidant properties, we investigated this aspect, and we found that AFPE treatment reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CAL62 cells. Moreover, AFPE pretreatment protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in thyroid cancer cell lines. Taken together, our findings suggest that AFPE, by acting at micromolar concentration in thyroid cancer cell lines, may be considered a promising adjuvant natural agent for thyroid cancer treatment approach.
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5
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Nyamende NE, Belay ZA, Keyser Z, Oyenihi AB, Caleb OJ. Impacts of alkaline‐electrolyzed water treatment on physicochemical, phytochemical, antioxidant properties and natural microbial load on ‘Granny Smith’ apples during storage. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandi E. Nyamende
- Agri‐Food Systems & Omics Laboratory Post‐Harvest and Agro‐Processing Technologies (PHATs) Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec‐Nietvoorbij Private Bag X5026 Stellenbosch 7599 South Africa
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Applied sciences Cape Peninsula University of Technology Bellville 7535 South Africa
| | - Zinash A. Belay
- Agri‐Food Systems & Omics Laboratory Post‐Harvest and Agro‐Processing Technologies (PHATs) Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec‐Nietvoorbij Private Bag X5026 Stellenbosch 7599 South Africa
| | - Zanephyn Keyser
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Applied sciences Cape Peninsula University of Technology Bellville 7535 South Africa
| | - Ayodeji B. Oyenihi
- Functional Foods Research Unit Faculty of Applied Sciences Cape Peninsula University of Technology Bellville 7535 South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi James Caleb
- Agri‐Food Systems & Omics Laboratory Post‐Harvest and Agro‐Processing Technologies (PHATs) Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec‐Nietvoorbij Private Bag X5026 Stellenbosch 7599 South Africa
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6
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Assessment of In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Polyphenols from Annurca, Limoncella, Red Delicious, and Golden Delicious Apples Using a Sequential Enzymatic Digestion Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040541. [PMID: 33808499 PMCID: PMC8067271 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Four different varieties of apples have been considered (Limoncella, Annurca, Red Delicious, and Golden Delicious) to estimate the extent of colon polyphenolics release after in vitro sequential enzyme digestion. Since several studies report a positive effect of apple polyphenols in colonic damage, we found of interest to investigate the colon release of polyphenols in different varieties of apples in order to assess their prevention of colonic damage. UHPLC-HRMS analysis and antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays) were carried out on the apple extracts (peel, flesh, and whole fruit) obtained from not digested samples and on bioaccessible fractions (duodenal and colon bioaccessible fractions) after in vitro digestion. Polyphenolic content and antioxidant activities were found to vary significantly among the tested cultivars with Limoncella showing the highest polyphenol content accompanied by an excellent antioxidant activity in both flesh and whole fruit. The overall trend of soluble antioxidant capacity from the soluble duodenal phase (SDP) and soluble colonic phase (SCP) followed the concentrations of flavanols, procyandinis, and hydroxycinnamic acids under the same digestive steps. Our results highlighted that on average 64.2% of the total soluble antioxidant activity was released in the SCP with Limoncella exhibiting the highest values (82.31, 70.05, and 65.5%, respectively for whole fruit, flesh, and peel). This result suggested that enzymatic treatment with pronase E and viscozyme L, to reproduce biochemical conditions occurring in the colon, is effective for breaking the dietary fiber-polyphenols interactions and for the release of polyphenols which can exercise their beneficial effects in the colon. The beneficial effects related to the Limoncella consumption could thus be of potential great relevance to counteract the adverse effects of pro-oxidant and inflammatory processes on intestinal cells.
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7
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The Perspective of Croatian Old Apple Cultivars in Extensive Farming for the Production of Functional Foods. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040708. [PMID: 33810442 PMCID: PMC8065821 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Republic of Croatia has a long tradition of fruit growing due to its geographical location, climatic conditions, and high quality of fruit crops, especially apple fruits. Apples can be used for the formulation of functional foods either in processed form (e.g., juice), or as a by-product (e.g., apple pomace). However, there is a growing demand for functional foods derived from ancient and traditional plant sources as they are recognized as a very valuable source of health-promoting bioactive ingredients. Similarly, old apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.) are characterized by good morphological and pomological properties, less need for chemicals during cultivation and the higher share of biologically active compounds (BACs) with better sensory acceptability compared to commercial cultivars. However, their nutritional and biological potential is underestimated, as is their ability to be processed into functional food. The importance in preserving old apple cultivars can also be seen in their significance for improving the nutritional composition of other apple cultivars through innovative cultivation strategies, and therefore old local apple cultivars could be of great importance in future breeding programs.
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8
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Shoji T, Obara M, Takahashi T, Masumoto S, Hirota H, Miura T. The Differences in the Flavan-3-ol and Procyanidin Contents of the Japanese 'Fuji' and 'Orin' Apples Using a Rapid Quantitative High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method: Estimation of the Japanese Intake of Flavan-3-ols and Procyanidins from Apple as Case Study. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020274. [PMID: 33573087 PMCID: PMC7911932 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that apple polyphenols and their major active compounds, the flavan-3-ols and the procyanidins, can result in various health benefits in animals and humans, according to clinical studies. Here, we developed a rapid method for quantifying flavan-3-ols and procyanidins using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, where we investigated the amounts of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins in the Japanese major apple production centre, the Aomori Prefecture, from 2016 to 2018. The non-bagged ‘Fuji (n = 609)’, the bagged ‘Fuji (n = 1101)’, and the ‘Orin (n = 504)’ apples were evaluated in terms of their differences in flavan-3-ols and procyanidins based on apple variety and the controlled atmosphere storage. The bagging treatments of the ‘Fuji’ apples resulted in significantly higher concentrations of procyanidins, while changes in flavan-3-ols concentrations were not clearly observed by treatment. In addition, ‘Orin’ had a significantly higher concentration of procyanidins than that of ‘Fuji’. In contrast, the controlled atmosphere storage hardly caused any changes in the flavan-3-ol and procyanidin contents. Hence, we present the concentrations of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins in major Japanese apples using the rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Shoji
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-838-8041
| | - Mina Obara
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605, Japan;
| | - Tadashi Takahashi
- Hirosaki Industrial Research Institute, Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center, 1-1-8, Ougi-machi, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori 036-8104, Japan;
| | - Saeko Masumoto
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, 1, Kanayagawa, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-1269, Japan;
| | - Hironaka Hirota
- Apple Cultivation Guidance Division, Japan Agricultural Cooperatives of Tsugaru Hirosaki, 509-1, Waseda, Godai, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori 036-1331, Japan;
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1, Hon-cho, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori 036-8564, Japan;
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9
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Annurca Apple Polyphenol Extract Affects Acetyl- Cholinesterase and Mono-Amine Oxidase In Vitro Enzyme Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010062. [PMID: 33466604 PMCID: PMC7828649 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the ability of Annurca apple flesh polyphenol extract (AFPE) to affect the activity of key enzymes involved in neurodegenerative disorders—in particular, Acetyl- and Butirryl-cholinesterases, and type A and B monoamine oxidase. The effect of AFPE on enzyme activity was analyzed by in vitro enzyme assays, and the results showed concentration-dependent enzyme inhibition, with IC50 values corresponding to 859 ± 18 µM and 966 ± 72 µM for AChE and BuChE respectively, and IC50 corresponding to 145 ± 3 µM and 199 ± 7 µM for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively, with a preference for MAO-A. Moreover, in this concentration range, AFPE did not affect the viability of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and fibroblast BJ-5ta cell lines, as determined by an MTT assay. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that AFPE shows the new biological properties of inhibiting the activity of enzymes that are involved in brain functions, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging.
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10
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Feng S, Yi J, Li X, Wu X, Zhao Y, Ma Y, Bi J. Systematic Review of Phenolic Compounds in Apple Fruits: Compositions, Distribution, Absorption, Metabolism, and Processing Stability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7-27. [PMID: 33397106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the most widely consumed fruit in the world, apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruits provide a high level of phenolics and have many beneficial effects on human health. The composition and content of phenolic compounds in natural apples differs according to the tissue types and cultivar varieties. The bioavailability of apple-derived phenolics, depending on the absorption and metabolism of phenolics during digestion, is the key determinant of their positive biological effects. Meanwhile, various processing technologies affect the composition and content of phenolic compounds in apple products, further affecting the bioavailability of apple phenolics. This review summarizes current understanding on the compositions, distribution, absorption, and metabolism of phenolic compounds in apple and their stability when subjected to common technologies during processing. We intend to provide an updated overview on apple phenolics and also suggest some perspectives for future research of apple phenolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Feng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianyong Yi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinye Wu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Youchuan Ma
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinfeng Bi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
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11
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Zielińska D, Turemko M. Electroactive Phenolic Contributors and Antioxidant Capacity of Flesh and Peel of 11 Apple Cultivars Measured by Cyclic Voltammetry and HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1054. [PMID: 33126563 PMCID: PMC7694104 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 11 apple cultivars were characterized by their total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant, reducing, and chelating capacity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays; and ferrous ion chelating capacity. The phenolic compounds in flesh and peel were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and diode array detector (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) and their electroactivity by CV. The results showed higher TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacity by DPPH test in the peels of all apple cultivars as compared to the respective flesh. The peel extracts also showed two-fold higher FRAP values as compared to the flesh extracts. The reducing capacity of the peel and flesh determined by CV measurements confirmed the results achieved by spectrophotometric methods of evaluating antioxidant capacity. There was no significant difference in chelating capacity in the peel and flesh. The HPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis showed the presence of 11 phenolic compounds in the peel and flesh which varied in antioxidant, reducing, and chelating activity. The order of the phenolic compound content in flesh and peel in Quinte cultivar, which showed the highest antioxidant capacity, was as follows: epicatechin > chlorogenic acid > quercetin 3-arabinoside > quercetin 3-glucoside > cyanidin 3-galactoside > quercetin 3-rhamnoside > catechin > phloridzin > rutin > phloretin = quercetin. CV results were highly correlated with those obtained by spectrophotometry and HPLC-DAD-MS/MS, providing evidence to support the use of cyclic voltammetry as a rapid method to determine the phenolic profile and reducing the power of apple flesh and peel. The association between antioxidant assays and phenolic compound content showed that the highest contribution to the antioxidant capacity of apple peel and flesh was provided by catechin, epicatechin, and cyadinin-3-galactoside, while phloretin, phloridzin, and chlorogenic acid were the main contributors to chelating activity. Results from this study clearly indicate that removing the peel from apples may induce a significant loss of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Zielińska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Lodzki 4, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland;
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12
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Vuoso DC, Porcelli M, Cacciapuoti G, D’Angelo S. Biological Activity of MelAnnurca Flesh Apple Biophenols. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316666200217113808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The apple is among the most consumed fruits in the world and several studies
suggest that apple polyphenols could play a role in preventing degenerative diseases. Recent studies
have shown that polyphenols possess a high antioxidant and/or anti-proliferative power, therefore
their food intake could play a decisive role in the prevention of various pathologies, in particular
those associated with the production of free radicals. The Annurca apple (MelAnnurca), a variety
from southern Italy, is called the "queen of apples" due to its remarkable organoleptic qualities: taste,
flavor and aroma. The Annurca apple is a constituent component of the Mediterranean diet and its
potential health benefit could be attributed to a large amount of bioactive components; in fact, this
apple is characterized by an extremely high content of polyphenols.
Objective:
The aim of this paper was to review the most recent literature regarding the health benefits
of Annurca apples and their phytochemicals. In particular, this review highlighted the effects of the
flesh of this fruit on different types of human cells.
Methods:
A literature research was performed using the keywords “Annurca”, “apple”, “flesh”,
“fruit”, “polyphenols”, “nutrition”, “nutraceuticals”, individually or all together, in Scopus, Web of
Science and PubMed.
Results:
The MelAnnurca apple has a higher content of bioactive compounds (polyphenols) than
other apples, making it an ideal source of nutraceuticals. Both the cytotoxic activity and the antioxidant
effect of the extracts of polyphenols obtained from its flesh have been highlighted.
Conclusion:
These results give new insights for future implementation of the production chain of the
Annurca apple in the area of Campania, Southern Italy. However, although evidence to support the
health benefits of MelAnnurca apple polyphenols is rapidly accumulating, further human studies may
be needed before the public is convinced and willing to incorporate the apple Annurca into their diet,
accepting the idea that the integration of polyphenols has a beneficial effect on the health of the human
body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C. Vuoso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Porcelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cacciapuoti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania D’Angelo
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
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13
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Zou Q, Wang N, Gao Z, Xu H, Yang G, Zhang T, Guo Z, Zhang Z, Jia L, Chen X. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects against acute CCl 4 -induced liver damage in mice from red-fleshed apple flesh flavonoid extract. J Food Sci 2020; 85:3618-3627. [PMID: 32940351 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is an important fruit tree species worldwide. Apple fruits are favored by consumers because of their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects as well as their protective effects against cardiovascular diseases and other health benefits. There is considerable interest in red-fleshed apple fruits among breeders because of their high flavonoid and anthocyanin contents. However, the flavonoids extracted from red-fleshed apple fruits must still be functionally characterized, especially regarding their protective effects against certain pathologies. In this study, the flavonoid components and contents in the extracts prepared from red-fleshed apple cultivar "Meihong" were determined. Additionally, the in vitro antioxidant activities and protective effects of the extracts against CCl4 -induced acute liver injury were investigated. The red-fleshed apple flesh flavonoid extract (RAFF) exhibited strong in vitro antioxidant activities. Compared with the model control mice treated with CCl4 , the mice pretreated with high (800 mg/kg·bw), middle (400 mg/kg·bw), and low (200 mg/kg·bw) RAFF doses had significantly lower CCl4 -induced serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. Moreover, the RAFF pretreatment also significantly decreased the liver malondialdehyde activity and prevented the CCl4 -induced decrease in liver superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels. Furthermore, a histopathological examination revealed that RAFF inhibited the inflammatory cell infiltration and cell boundary loss caused by CCl4 in the liver. Thus, RAFF is a natural antioxidant with significant antioxidative activities and liver protective effects. The results of this study may be relevant for enhancing the application of the red-fleshed apple fruit extract as a food additive. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: We took the self-selected red-fleshed apple cultivar "Meihong" as the unique research material, and the active ingredients of its flavonoid extract, in vitro antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect were analyzed. It is of great significance to promote the development of the red-fleshed apple industry, and also provides an important reference for the development of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Gao
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, P. R. China
| | - Guanxian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, P. R. China
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, P. R. China
| | - Zhangwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, P. R. China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, P. R. China
| | - Le Jia
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, P. R. China
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14
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Effects of Biostimulants on Annurca Fruit Quality and Potential Nutraceutical Compounds at Harvest and during Storage. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060775. [PMID: 32575770 PMCID: PMC7355878 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cultivar Annurca is an apple that is cultivated in southern Italy that undergoes a typical redding treatment and it is appreciated for organoleptic characteristics, high pulp firmness, and nutritional profile. In this study, the effects of three different biostimulants (Micro-algae (MA), Protein hydrolysate (PEP), and Macro-algae mixed with zinc and potassium (LG)), with foliar application, on the quality parameters of Annurca apple fruits at the harvest, after redding, and at +60 and +120 days of cold storage were analyzed: total soluble solids (TSS) content, total acidity (TA), pH, firmness flesh, and red coloration of epicarp. Additionally, the polyphenolic quali-quantitative profile of pulp and peel was analyzed by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS and Folin-Ciocalteu and the antioxidant capacity with the methods 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAP). The results obtained suggest that biostimulants are involved in the regulation of the secondary metabolism of the treated plants, acting positively on the quality of the Annurca fruits and their nutritional value. Fruits treated with PEP have shown, during cold storage, a significantly higher content of total polyphenols in flesh and a higher concentration of phloretin xylo-glucoside and phloridzin (350.53 and 43.58 mg/kg dw respectively). MA treatment caused, at the same time, an enhancement of flavonols between 0.6–28% and showed the highest total polyphenol content in the peel after 60 and 120 days of cold storage, with 2696.048 and 2570.457 mg/kg dw, respectively. The long-term cold storage (120 days) satisfactorily maintained phenolic content of fruits deriving from MA and PEP application, in accordance with data that were obtained for peel, showed an increase of 7.8 and 5.8%, respectively, when compared to the fruits cold stored for 60 days. This study represents the first detailed research on the use of different types of biostimulants on the quality of the Annurca apple from harvest to storage.
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15
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Vondráková Z, Trávníčková A, Malbeck J, Haisel D, Černý R, Cvikrová M. The effect of storage conditions on the carotenoid and phenolic acid contents of selected apple cultivars. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03532-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Metabolite Profiling and Antioxidant Activity of 10 New Early- to Mid-Season Apple Cultivars and 14 Traditional Cultivars. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050443. [PMID: 32443874 PMCID: PMC7278836 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early- to mid-season apple cultivars have recently been developed in response to global warming; however, their metabolite compositions remain unclear. Herein, metabolites, such as free sugars, and organic acids and antioxidant activity were determined in 10 new and 14 traditional apple cultivars. Additionally, the phenolic profiles of the apple pulp and peel were characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Major phenolic compounds in apples varied depending on the cultivar and tissue (i.e., peel or pulp). Among the new apple cultivars, Decobell and Tinkerbell, showed high antioxidant activity and contained higher phenolic compound content than other cultivars in the peel and pulp, respectively. Honggeum showed high phenolic content with similar sugar to acid ratio compared to popular traditional cultivars. In addition to antioxidant phenolic contents, metabolite profile information can be used to select apple cultivars for various purposes. For example, Indo can be selected for sweet apple taste because of its higher sugar to acid ratio. This information can be used to select apple cultivars for various purposes. For example, Decobell peel could be used as sources of food supplements and food additives, and Tinkerbell pulp can be utilized for apple juice making according to its metabolite profile.
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17
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Łysiak GP, Michalska-Ciechanowska A, Wojdyło A. Postharvest changes in phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of apples cv. Jonagold growing in different locations in Europe. Food Chem 2019; 310:125912. [PMID: 31841938 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Apples cv. 'Jonagold' of the same quality were collected from four orchards in three European countries. The orchards differed in terms of longitude, latitude and microclimate. The apples were stored in controlled atmosphere storage for six months. Both after harvest and after storage the apples were compared in terms of physical and chemical properties. Differences in firmness, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, mass varied not >11%. Storability was little affected by harvest location. The sum of polyphenols was more strongly influenced by storage than by orchard location. The strongest degradation of flavonols after storage was in apples grown in the most southern region of harvest (Italy). The content of (+)- catechin and (-)-epicatechin depended on harvest location and its strong increase resulted in higher content of procyanidins and flavanols after storage. Changes in individual polyphenols were significant after storage and depended on harvest location.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Łysiak
- Department of Dendrology, Pomology and Nursery Production, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Dąbrowskiego 159, Poznań, Poland.
| | - A Michalska-Ciechanowska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - A Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
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18
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D'Angelo S, Martino E, Cacciapuoti G. Effects of Annurca Apple (Malus pumila cv Annurca) Polyphenols on Breast Cancer Cells. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401315666190206142025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Dietary micronutrients have been proposed as effective inhibitory agents for
cancer initiation, progression, and incidence. Among them, polyphenols, present in different foods
and beverages, have retained attention in recent years. Apples are among the most consumed fruits
worldwide, and several studies suggest that apple polyphenols could play a role in the prevention of
degenerative diseases.
Aims and Objectives:
The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of Annurca flesh polyphenols
extract (AFPE) effects of proliferation on MCF-7 cells.
Methods:
The data indicated that apple polyphenolic compounds had a significant antiproliferative
action on MCF-7 cells and 500μM EqC AFPE induced a cell cycle arrest at G2/M. AFPE was also
capable of inducing morphological changes as evidenced by nuclear condensation.
Results:
The cellular, morphological, and molecular data unequivocally suggested that induction of
cellular apoptosis was mainly responsible for the previously observed antiproliferation-induced
AFPE on MCF-7 cells.
Conclusion:
Taken together, AFPE that acts at a low micromolar range against breast cancer cells
may be considered as a promising candidate for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Universita degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Elisa Martino
- Dip. Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Universita della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cacciapuoti
- Dip. Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Universita della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
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19
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Santarelli V, Neri L, Sacchetti G, Di Mattia CD, Mastrocola D, Pittia P. Response of organic and conventional apples to freezing and freezing pre-treatments: Focus on polyphenols content and antioxidant activity. Food Chem 2019; 308:125570. [PMID: 31648089 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of pre-treatment (dipping and vacuum impregnation in lemon juice solution), freezing and frozen storage (FS) on single and total polyphenols (free and conjugated) content and antioxidant activity (AOA) of organic and conventional apples, was investigated. Fresh organic and conventional fruits showed different profiles of free and conjugated polyphenols while their total phenolic content and AOA were similar. Organic and conventional apple tissues showed different physiological responses to physical stresses described by changes in phenolic profiles. Vacuum impregnation in lemon juice affected the polyphenols extractability of both the organic and conventional apples and favored their enrichment with bioactive compounds (AOA = +11.5%). FS decreased the single and conjugated polyphenols content of the pre-treated apple samples and the effect was different between organic and conventional fruits. After FS, not pre-treated organic apples showed a lower AOA reduction than the conventional ones (-13% vs -25%), while no differences were found on pre-treated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Santarelli
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Lilia Neri
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Giampiero Sacchetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Carla D Di Mattia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Dino Mastrocola
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Paola Pittia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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20
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Martino E, Vuoso DC, D'Angelo S, Mele L, D'Onofrio N, Porcelli M, Cacciapuoti G. Annurca apple polyphenol extract selectively kills MDA-MB-231 cells through ROS generation, sustained JNK activation and cell growth and survival inhibition. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13045. [PMID: 31506575 PMCID: PMC6736874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols represent the most studied class of nutraceuticals that can be therapeutics for a large spectrum of diseases, including cancer. In this study, we investigated for the first time the antitumor activities of polyphenol extract from Annurca apple (APE) in MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells, and we explored the underlying mechanisms. APE selectively inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell viability and caused G2/M phase arrest associated with p27 and phospho-cdc25C upregulation and with p21 downregulation. APE promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in MDA-MB-231 cells while it acted as antioxidant in non-tumorigenic MCF10A cells. We demonstrated that ROS generation represented the primary step of APE antitumor activity as pretreatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevented APE-induced G2/M phase arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy. APE downregulated Dusp-1 and induced a significant increase in JNK/c-Jun phosphorylation that were both prevented by NAC. Moreover, downregulation of JNK by its specific inhibitor SP600125 significantly diminished the anticancer activity of APE indicating that ROS generation and sustained JNK activation represented the main underlying mechanism of APE-induced cell death. APE also inhibited AKT activation and downregulated several oncoproteins, such as NF-kB, c-myc, and β-catenin. In light of these results, APE may be an attractive candidate for drug development against triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Cristina Vuoso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania D'Angelo
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, "Parthenope" University, via Medina 40, 80133, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Porcelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cacciapuoti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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21
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Önal B, Adiletta G, Crescitelli A, Di Matteo M, Russo P. Optimization of hot air drying temperature combined with pre-treatment to improve physico-chemical and nutritional quality of ‘Annurca’ apple. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Soleti R, Hilairet G, Mallegol P, Dourguia C, Frifra M, Guillou MC, Gacel A, Guyot S, Pignon P, Basset L, Cadot Y, Renou JP, Orsel M, Andriantsitohaina R. Screening of ordinary commercial varieties of apple fruits under different storage conditions for their potential vascular and metabolic protective properties. Food Funct 2018; 9:5855-5867. [PMID: 30358797 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00967h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies reported that apple consumption is associated with a decrease of cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction, probably due to the polyphenols and fibers present in this fruit. The storage conditions and genetic origin of apples have been reported to influence their content and, as a consequence, their pharmacological properties. The present study evaluated the influence of varieties and storage conditions of traditional and highly appreciated apples including Gala, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith and Pink Lady varieties after harvest and storage under classic cold conditions, under a controlled atmosphere, or under extreme ultra-low oxygen conditions. Thus, a multi-parametric screening on cell models associated with vascular and metabolic dysfunctions - such as endothelial and smooth muscle cells, hepatocytes, adipocytes and macrophages - in relation to the apple polyphenol content has been developed. This strategy demonstrated that, overall, peeled apple samples exhibited a vascular tropism and acted mainly on proliferation and oxidative stress in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Apple extracts appeared to be less effective on adipocytes and macrophages, but they exhibited antioxidant properties in hepatocytes. Among the varieties, Gala and Golden Delicious were the most efficient against the processes involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Concerning storage conditions, most of the apple varieties were more efficient under harvest conditions, while they could not be discriminated under all other cold conditions and the concentration used, except for the Gala samples. Interestingly, pharmacological properties were associated with the polyphenol profiles of freeze dried apple flesh powder. The present report revealed the potential use of some apple extracts as effective food supplements or nutraceuticals for the prevention and/or management of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Soleti
- INSERM UMR1063, Stress oxydant et pathologies métaboliques, Faculté de Santé, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.
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23
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Park SY, Kang TM, Kim MJ, Kim MJ. Enzymatic browning reaction of apple juices prepared using a blender and a low-speed masticating household juicer. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:2000-2006. [PMID: 30146950 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1497943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of juicer type (blender or LSM household juicer) on the browning reaction of apple juice and evaluate the remaining antioxidant activity in the juice. The blender apple juice showed a darker brown color and 4.5 times higher PPO activity than LSM apple juice. This result suggested that the blender caused severer damage to plastids in cells leading to leakage of PPO into the juice than the LSM juicer. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content of LSM apple juice was approximately 2 times higher than that of blender apple juice because polyphenols and flavonoids can be used as substrates by PPO. The antioxidant activity of LSM juice was higher than that of blender juice. Together, these results suggested that the LSM juicer is superior to the blender for preparation of fresh apple juices due to the minimization of enzymatic oxidation reactions. Abbreviations: LSM: low-speed masticating; PPO: polyphenol oxidase; ABTS: 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Young Park
- a Department of Food and Life Science , Inje university , Gimhae , Korea
| | - Tae-Min Kang
- a Department of Food and Life Science , Inje university , Gimhae , Korea
| | - Min-Ju Kim
- b Bio-food Research Center , Hurom Co. Ltd , Gimhae , Korea
| | - Myo-Jeong Kim
- a Department of Food and Life Science , Inje university , Gimhae , Korea
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24
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Kschonsek J, Wolfram T, Stöckl A, Böhm V. Polyphenolic Compounds Analysis of Old and New Apple Cultivars and Contribution of Polyphenolic Profile to the In Vitro Antioxidant Capacity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7010020. [PMID: 29364189 PMCID: PMC5789330 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are antioxidant ingredients in apples and are related to human health because of their free radical scavenging activities. The polyphenolic profiles of old and new apple cultivars (n = 15) were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD). The in vitro antioxidant capacity was determined by total phenolic content (TPC) assay, hydrophilic trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (H-TEAC) assay and hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance (H-ORAC) assay. Twenty polyphenolic compounds were identified in all investigated apples by HPLC analysis. Quercetin glycosides (203 ± 108 mg/100 g) were the main polyphenols in the peel and phenolic acids (10 ± 5 mg/100 g) in the flesh. The calculated relative contribution of single compounds indicated flavonols (peel) and vitamin C (flesh) as the major contributors to the antioxidant capacity, in all cultivars investigated. The polyphenolic content (HPLC data) of the flesh differed significantly between old (29 ± 7 mg/100 g) and new (13 ± 4 mg/100 g) cultivars, and the antioxidant capacity of old apple cultivars was up to 30% stronger compared to new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Kschonsek
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Theresa Wolfram
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Annette Stöckl
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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25
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Rasouli H, Farzaei MH, Khodarahmi R. Polyphenols and their benefits: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1354017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rasouli
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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26
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D'Angelo S, Martino E, Ilisso CP, Bagarolo ML, Porcelli M, Cacciapuoti G. Pro-oxidant and pro-apoptotic activity of polyphenol extract from Annurca apple and its underlying mechanisms in human breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:939-948. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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27
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Influence of 1-Methylcyclopropene Treatment on Postharvest Quality of Four Scab (Venturia inaequalis)-Resistant Apple Cultivars. J FOOD QUALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/5951041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Scab (Venturia inaequalis) is a very serious disease for apples causing up to 80% of loss in yield but there are only a few studies on postharvest quality of scab-resistant cultivars. In this study we evaluated the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on fruit quality, total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity after storage of four scab-resistant cultivars and compared to a standard cultivar, “Golden Delicious.” In general, ethylene production and respiration rates significantly differed among cultivars, between control and 1-MCP-treated fruits, and between storage duration regimes. 1-MCP treatment retarded fruit softening and lowered juice pH but storage effect on soluble solids and acidity depended on cultivar and 1-MCP treatment. Total phenolic content was significantly affected by storage duration and 1-MCP treatment. Antioxidant capacity of the four scab-resistant cultivars was either similar to or significantly higher than that of “Golden Delicious” with the 1-MCP-treated fruits having significantly higher antioxidant capacity than the nontreated fruits after storage. Our results clearly show that the quality of four scab-resistant cultivars was comparable to that of “Golden Delicious” and 1-MCP effect differed among cultivars. These differences need to be considered in developing storage regime to minimize quality deterioration during long-term storage.
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28
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Sanzani S, Susca A, Mastrorosa S, Solfrizzo M. Patulin risk associated with blue mould of pome fruit marketed in southern Italy. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2017. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2015.0784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.M. Sanzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - A. Susca
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, CNR, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S. Mastrorosa
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, CNR, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. Solfrizzo
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, CNR, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
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29
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Petkovska A, Gjamovski V, Stanoeva JP, Stefova M. Characterization of the Polyphenolic Profiles of Peel, Flesh and Leaves of Malus domestica Cultivars Using UHPLC-DAD-HESI-MS n. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative analyses of polyphenols extracted from 21 Malus domestica cultivars using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to heated electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection was performed for separation of 27 phenolic compounds on a reversed phase UHPLC column with an optimized gradient consisting of 1% formic acid in water and 1% formic acid in methanol within 20 minutes. According to retention times, UV maxima and mass spectra of the peaks in the chromatograms obtained from extracts of apple peel, flesh and leaves, the polyphenolic compounds were identified and quantified. Based on fragmentation patterns, 6 phenolic acids, 5 flavan-3-ols, 5 dihydrochalcones, 8 flavonols and 3 flavone derivatives were characterized in the studied samples. The method was then employed for analysis of the polyphenolic pattern of 21 apple cultivars, both commercial and autochthonous for the Macedonian region, as well as for monitoring the influence of long term storage on the polyphenolic content and composition of apple fruits and for comparison of polyphenolic profiles of apple cultivars during two years of harvesting. The obtained results revealed minor differences in the quality and major variation in the content of phenolic compounds in the flesh, peel and leaves in the studied apple cultivars that is attributed mainly to cultivar differences and meteorological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Petkovska
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
- Research and Development, Alkaloid AD Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Viktor Gjamovski
- Institute of Agriculture, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Jasmina Petreska Stanoeva
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Marina Stefova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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D'Abrosca B, Scognamiglio M, Corrado L, Chiocchio I, Zampella L, Mastrobuoni F, Rega P, Scortichini M, Fiorentino A, Petriccione M. Evaluation of different training systems on Annurca apple fruits revealed by agronomical, qualitative and NMR-based metabolomic approaches. Food Chem 2016; 222:18-27. [PMID: 28041554 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nine different training systems for "Annurca Rossa del Sud" apple fruits, including oblique palmette, free palmette, V-shaped, Tatura trellis, Bibaum®, modified Bibaum®, triple leader, slender spindle and Solaxe, were evaluated based on agronomic, qualitative and metabolomic traits. Fruits were analysed at harvest and after the reddening process. The slender spindle training system showed the highest cumulative efficiency yield compared to the others. Furthermore, an increase in the content of bioactive compounds in flesh and fruit peels was observed after the reddening process and was influenced by the different training systems. The metabolic variations in apple peel were measured and analysed. Changes in the metabolome highlight the influence of different training systems on apple quality. This multidisciplinary study expands our knowledge of the influence of training systems on a typical Italian apple cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigida D'Abrosca
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Monica Scognamiglio
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Luisa Corrado
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Ilaria Chiocchio
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Zampella
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Mastrobuoni
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pietro Rega
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Marco Scortichini
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonio Fiorentino
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Milena Petriccione
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
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Francini A, Romeo S, Cifelli M, Gori D, Domenici V, Sebastiani L. 1H NMR and PCA-based analysis revealed variety dependent changes in phenolic contents of apple fruit after drying. Food Chem 2016; 221:1206-1213. [PMID: 27979079 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dry and fresh apples have been studied monitoring their polyphenolic profiles through 1H NMR, antioxidant capacity and total polyphenol content. Six ancient and underutilized apple varieties (Mantovana, Mora, Nesta, Cipolla, Ruggina, Sassola) and a commercial one (Golden Delicious) were dried with an air-drying system at 45°C for 19h. Although some of their polyphenol constituents were lost during drying, the antioxidant capacity of some apple varieties remained higher compared to Golden Delicious. This result is very important for ancient and underutilized varieties that are not consumed on large scale as fresh product since they have low attractiveness, due to their ugly appearance. Combining quantitative NMR spectroscopy with principal component analysis we have identified and quantified several polyphenols (such as catechin, epicathechin, and chlorogenic acid) that are important to establish the nutraceutical value of the different investigated apple varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Francini
- Biolabs-Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Romeo
- Biolabs-Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Cifelli
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi, 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Gori
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi, 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Domenici
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi, 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Sebastiani
- Biolabs-Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
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A theoretical study on predicted protein targets of apple polyphenols and possible mechanisms of chemoprevention in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32516. [PMID: 27587238 PMCID: PMC5009435 DOI: 10.1038/srep32516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the potential role of apple phenolic compounds in human pathologies by integrating chemical characterization of phenolic compounds in three apple varieties, computational approaches to identify potential protein targets of the compounds, bioinformatics analyses on data from public archive of gene expression data, and functional analyses to hypothesize the effects of the selected compounds in molecular pathways. Starting by the analytic characterization of phenolic compounds in three apple varieties, i.e. Annurca, Red Delicious, and Golden Delicious, we used computational approaches to verify by reverse docking the potential protein targets of the identified compounds. Direct docking validation of the potential protein-ligand interactions has generated a short list of human proteins potentially bound by the apple phenolic compounds. By considering the known chemo-preventive role of apple antioxidants' extracts against some human pathologies, we performed a functional analysis by comparison with experimental gene expression data and interaction networks, obtained from public repositories. The results suggest the hypothesis that chemo-preventive effects of apple extracts in human pathologies, in particular for colorectal cancer, may be the interference with the activity of nucleotide metabolism and methylation enzymes, similarly to some classes of anticancer drugs.
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Comparative study of phenolic profile of fruit and juice samples of a progeny of ‘Meana’ × ‘Florina’ from an Asturian cider apple breeding program. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Sommella E, Pepe G, Pagano F, Ostacolo C, Tenore GC, Russo MT, Novellino E, Manfra M, Campiglia P. Detailed polyphenolic profiling of Annurca apple (M. pumila Miller cv Annurca) by a combination of RP-UHPLC and HILIC, both hyphenated to IT-TOF mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2015; 76:466-477. [PMID: 28455027 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Annurca apple, a Southern Italian cultivar, possesses not only a particular taste and flavor, different from other types of apple, but also several healthy properties. With the aim to thoroughly elucidate the polyphenolic profile of this variety, listed as Protected Geographical Indication product, an extensive qualitative profiling of Annurca apple polyphenolic peel extract was carried out, by employing a combination of ultra high performance reversed phase (RP-UHPLC) and hydrophilic liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled to ion trap-time of flight (IT-TOF) mass spectrometry. A total of 63 compounds were tentatively identified, 25 of which not reported in Annurca apple extract so far. Furthermore, thanks to the different selectivity obtained with the HILIC, in combination with accurate mass measurements, an improved separation and detection of procyanidins, was obtained. Moreover, the obtained profiles were compared with those of a conventional variety, such as Red Delicious (RD), highlighting their differences. This work contributes to increase the knowledge about the polyphenolic fingerprint of this typical apple variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Francesco Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Carmine Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Russo
- Department of Agriculture, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, University of Reggio Calabria Feo di Vito, I-89100 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Michele Manfra
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Nie Y, Ren D, Lu X, Sun Y, Yang X. Differential protective effects of polyphenol extracts from apple peels and fleshes against acute CCl4-induced liver damage in mice. Food Funct 2015; 6:513-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00557k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports the phenolic profiles and antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of Red Fuji apple peel polyphenolic extract (APP) and its flesh polyphenolic extract (AFP) against CCl4-induced acute hepatic damage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Daoyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Xinshan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Yanfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
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37
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Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene postharvest treatment apple and storage on the cloudy juices properties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Delgado-Pelayo R, Gallardo-Guerrero L, Hornero-Méndez D. Chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments in the peel and flesh of commercial apple fruit varieties. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kahl J, Alborzi F, Beck A, Bügel S, Busscher N, Geier U, Matt D, Meischner T, Paoletti F, Pehme S, Ploeger A, Rembiałkowska E, Schmid O, Strassner C, Taupier-Letage B, Załęcka A. Organic food processing: a framework for concept, starting definitions and evaluation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:2582-2594. [PMID: 24375441 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In 2007 EU Regulation (EC) 834/2007 introduced principles and criteria for organic food processing. These regulations have been analysed and discussed in several scientific publications and research project reports. Recently, organic food quality was described by principles, aspects and criteria. These principles from organic agriculture were verified and adapted for organic food processing. Different levels for evaluation were suggested. In another document, underlying paradigms and consumer perception of organic food were reviewed against functional food, resulting in identifying integral product identity as the underlying paradigm and a holistic quality view connected to naturalness as consumers' perception of organic food quality. In a European study, the quality concept was applied to the organic food chain, resulting in a problem, namely that clear principles and related criteria were missing to evaluate processing methods. Therefore the goal of this paper is to describe and discuss the topic of organic food processing to make it operational. A conceptual background for organic food processing is given by verifying the underlying paradigms and principles of organic farming and organic food as well as on organic processing. The proposed definition connects organic processing to related systems such as minimal, sustainable and careful, gentle processing, and describes clear principles and related criteria. Based on food examples, such as milk with different heat treatments, the concept and definitions were verified. Organic processing can be defined by clear paradigms and principles and evaluated according criteria from a multidimensional approach. Further work has to be done on developing indicators and parameters for assessment of organic food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kahl
- Department of Organic Food Quality and Food Culture, University of Kassel, D-37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
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40
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1-Methylcyclopropene postharvest treatment and their effect on apple quality during long-term storage time. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Papillo VA, Vitaglione P, Graziani G, Gokmen V, Fogliano V. Release of antioxidant capacity from five plant foods during a multistep enzymatic digestion protocol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:4119-4126. [PMID: 24716796 DOI: 10.1021/jf500695a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at elucidating the influence of food matrix on the release of antioxidant activity from five plant foods (apple, spinach, walnut, red bean, and whole wheat). To this purpose a protocol based on sequential enzymatic digestion was adopted. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of both solubilized and insoluble materials was measured at each step. Results showed that the overall TAC obtained by enzyme treatments was usually higher than that obtained by chemical extraction-based methods. In apple most of the TAC was released upon water washing and after pepsin treatment, whereas in spinach, beans, and whole wheat the TAC released by treatments with bacterial enzymes was prominent. Walnut had the highest TAC value, which was mainly released after pancreatin treatment. Therefore, the enzyme treatment is fundamental to estimate the overall potential TAC of foods having a high amount of polyphenols bound to dietary fiber or entrapped in the food matrix.
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Loncaric A, Dugalic K, Mihaljevic I, Jakobek L, Pilizota V. Effects of sugar addition on total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of frozen and freeze-dried apple purée. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1674-1682. [PMID: 24471409 DOI: 10.1021/jf405003u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of simple sugar addition including (glucose, G; fructose, F; sucrose, S; and trehalose, T) on the total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) of apple purée processed by freezing and freeze-drying and stored for 6 months. The apple polyphenol profile was mostly preserved in the freeze-dried samples with sugar addition during 6 months of storage, whereas the polyphenol profile in frozen samples consists only of quercetin glycosides, of which rutin had the largest share. After 6 months, the highest level of polyphenols was detected in frozen 'Idared' and 'Fuji' apple purée with addition of T 5% (12.2 and 16.7 mg/100 g FW, respectively), whereas in freeze-dried apple purée the highest TPC was in 'Idared' and 'Fuji' with addition of T 1% (16.3 and 13.6 mg/100 g FW, respectively). Results indicate that sugar addition before processing could have potential for enhancing product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ante Loncaric
- Department of Food Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek , Osijek 31000, Croatia
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Goulas V, Kourdoulas P, Makris F, Theodorou M, Fellman JK, Manganaris GA. Comparative polyphenolic antioxidant profile and quality of traditional apple cultivars as affected by cold storage. Int J Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vlasios Goulas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science; Cyprus University of Technology; 3603 Lemesos Cyprus
| | - Panayiotis Kourdoulas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science; Cyprus University of Technology; 3603 Lemesos Cyprus
| | - Fedon Makris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science; Cyprus University of Technology; 3603 Lemesos Cyprus
| | - Maria Theodorou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science; Cyprus University of Technology; 3603 Lemesos Cyprus
| | - John K. Fellman
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science; Cyprus University of Technology; 3603 Lemesos Cyprus
- Department of Horticulture; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99164-6120 USA
| | - George A. Manganaris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science; Cyprus University of Technology; 3603 Lemesos Cyprus
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44
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Belviso S, Scursatone B, Re G, Zeppa G. Novel Data on the Polyphenol Composition of Italian Ancient Apple Cultivars. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2011.599089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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45
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Panzella L, Petriccione M, Rega P, Scortichini M, Napolitano A. A reappraisal of traditional apple cultivars from Southern Italy as a rich source of phenols with superior antioxidant activity. Food Chem 2013; 140:672-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Total Antioxidative Capacity and Total Phenolic Levels in Pomegranate Husks Correlate to Several Postharvest Fruit Quality Parameters. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-013-1184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Francini A, Sebastiani L. Phenolic Compounds in Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.): Compounds Characterization and Stability during Postharvest and after Processing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2013; 2:181-93. [PMID: 26784345 PMCID: PMC4665438 DOI: 10.3390/antiox2030181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper summarizes the information on the occurrence of phenolic compounds in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) fruit and juice, with special reference to their health related properties. As phytochemical molecules belonging to polyphenols are numerous, we will focus on the main apples phenolic compounds with special reference to changes induced by apple cultivar, breeding approaches, fruit postharvest and transformation into juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Francini
- BioLabs, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa I-56127, Italy.
| | - Luca Sebastiani
- BioLabs, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa I-56127, Italy.
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48
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Polyphenolic characterisation of old local apple varieties from Southeastern European region. J Food Compost Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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49
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Harb J, Kittemann D, Neuwald DA, Hoffmann T, Schwab W. Correlation between changes in polyphenol composition of peels and incidence of CO₂ skin burning of 'Cameo' apples as influenced by controlled atmosphere storage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3624-3630. [PMID: 23517081 DOI: 10.1021/jf4000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
'Cameo' apples stored under high CO₂ levels suffer from "skin burning". Accordingly, this study is aimed to correlate the incidence of skin burning with different polyphenols. After harvest, apples were sorted into bad- and good-colored fruit and further stored under either high (3%) or low (0.7%) CO₂ level. At frequent intervals, fruit were assessed for incidence of skin burning and relative concentrations of various polyphenols. Results clearly show that bad-colored apples stored under high CO₂ level had the highest incidence percentage. Concerning the polyphenol profile, good-colored and healthy apples had significantly higher concentrations of certain polyphenols, including cyanidin-3-galactoside and rutin. However, bad-colored and injured apples had significantly higher concentrations of another set of polyphenols, including phloridzin, epicatechin, and (epi)catechin→(epi)catechin isomers. Taking into account that quercetins and cyanidins account for more than 80% of antioxidants, it is logical to assume that these polyphenols might give protection to good-colored apples against skin burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Harb
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine.
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50
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Karaman S, Tütem E, Başkan KS, Apak R. Comparison of antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of peel and flesh of some apple varieties. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:867-875. [PMID: 22886366 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apples contain a large concentration of phenolic compounds, dependent on factors such as cultivar, harvest, storage conditions, and processing. This study aims to identify the essential phenolic compounds present in various apple varieties, to measure their total antioxidant capacity (TAC) with the CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)) methods, and to correlate their TAC values with HPLC findings. RESULTS The order of TAC (mmol Trolox g(-1) fresh weight) of apple peels determined with the CUPRAC method was: Granny Smith > Amasya > Sky Spur > Ervin Spur > King Luscious ≥ Arap Kizi ≥ Lutz Golden. The theoretically calculated TAC values of HPLC-quantified compounds, with the aid of the combined HPLC-CUPRAC method, accounted for 18.4-33.5% of the experimentally observed CUPRAC capacity of peel extracts and 19.5-56.3% of flesh extracts, depending on apple variety. CONCLUSION In synthetic samples of apple antioxidants, the CUPRAC-TAC values of constituents, identified and analyzed by HPLC, proved to be additive, enabling measurement of the cooperative action of antioxidants using the proposed methodology. Apple peel showed higher contents of phenolics and therefore higher TAC than apple flesh, confirming the health benefit of the consumption of apples together with peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyda Karaman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science B. Çekmece, Fatih University, 34500 Istanbul, Turkey
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