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He R, Yang Y, Li Y, Yang M, Kong L, Yang F. Recent Progress in Distiller's Grains: Chemical Compositions and Biological Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:7492. [PMID: 38005214 PMCID: PMC10673086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Distiller's grains (DGs) are solid mixtures that remain after the production of alcoholic beverages. A large amount of DGs is produced each year during the brewing process. Currently, they are mostly used as a feedstock or substrate in the feed industry. However, the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the chemical composition of DGs is a major constraint on their further development and application for high-value-added usages. Some studies were published on the bioactive constituents of DGs in several different types of journals. Data were therefore collated to provide a comprehensive overview of these natural products. DGs are rich in phenols, phytosterols, and fatty acids, in addition to general lipid and protein constituents. These compounds and their related extracts possess diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperglycaemic effects. We hope that this review will provide research incentives for the further development and utilisation of DGs to develop high-value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (R.H.); (L.K.)
| | - Yubo Yang
- Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd., Zunyi 564501, China
| | - Yongsu Li
- Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd., Zunyi 564501, China
| | - Minghua Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (R.H.); (L.K.)
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (R.H.); (L.K.)
| | - Fan Yang
- Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd., Zunyi 564501, China
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Fermented Cosmetics and Metabolites of Skin Microbiota—A New Approach to Skin Health. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The skin covers our entire body and is said to be the “largest organ of the human body”. It has many health-maintaining functions, such as protecting the body from ultraviolet rays and dryness and maintaining body temperature through energy metabolism. However, the number of patients suffering from skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, is increasing due to strong irritation of the skin caused by detergents that are spread by the development of the chemical industry. The skin is inhabited by about 102–107 cells/cm2 and 1000 species of commensal bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microorganisms. In particular, metabolites such as fatty acids and glycerol released by indigenous skin bacteria have been reported to have functional properties for the health of the skin. Therefore, skin-domesticating bacteria and the metabolites derived from those bacteria are used in many skincare product ingredients and function as probiotic cosmetics. Japanese traditional fermented stuff, used as foods in Japan for over 1300 years, are now being applied as fermented cosmetics. Fermented cosmetics are expected to have multifaceted health functionality and continue to grow as products in the natural skincare product market. In this review, we consider approaches to skin health using fermented cosmetics and modulation of skin microflora metabolites.
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Papaemmanouil CD, Peña-García J, Banegas-Luna AJ, Kostagianni AD, Gerothanassis IP, Pérez-Sánchez H, Tzakos AG. ANTIAGE-DB: A Database and Server for the Prediction of Anti-Aging Compounds Targeting Elastase, Hyaluronidase, and Tyrosinase. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112268. [PMID: 36421454 PMCID: PMC9686885 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products bear a multivariate biochemical profile with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antitumoral properties. Along with their natural sources, they have been widely used both as anti-aging and anti-melanogenic agents due to their effective contribution in the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by oxidative stress. Their anti-aging activity is mainly related to their capacity of inhibiting enzymes like Human Neutrophil Elastase (HNE), Hyaluronidase (Hyal) and Tyrosinase (Tyr). Herein, we accumulated literature information (covering the period 1965–2020) on the inhibitory activity of natural products and their natural sources towards these enzymes. To navigate this information, we developed a database and server termed ANTIAGE-DB that allows the prediction of the anti-aging potential of target compounds. The server operates in two axes. First a comparison of compounds by shape similarity can be performed against our curated database of natural products whose inhibitory potential has been established in the literature. In addition, inverse virtual screening can be performed for a chosen molecule against the three targeted enzymes. The server is open access, and a detailed report with the prediction results is emailed to the user. ANTIAGE-DB could enable researchers to explore the chemical space of natural based products, but is not limited to, as anti-aging compounds and can predict their anti-aging potential. ANTIAGE-DB is accessed online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina D. Papaemmanouil
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Jorge Peña-García
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Banegas-Luna
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Androniki D. Kostagianni
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis P. Gerothanassis
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Guadalupe, Spain
- Correspondence: (H.P.-S.); (A.G.T.)
| | - Andreas G. Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence: (H.P.-S.); (A.G.T.)
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Chen YF, Wu KJ, Siao LR, Tsai HY. Trilinolein, a Natural Triacylglycerol, Protects Cerebral Ischemia through Inhibition of Neuronal Apoptosis and Ameliorates Intimal Hyperplasia via Attenuation of Migration and Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and RAS/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway in VSMCs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12820. [PMID: 36361610 PMCID: PMC9658252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide, and seeking a potential treatment is essential. Trilinolein (TriL) is a natural triacylglycerol presented in several plants. The effects of TriL on cerebrovascular diseases such as cerebral ischemia and carotid stenosis have never been studied. Accordingly, we investigated the protection of TriL on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration in vivo and in vitro. The cerebral infarction area, the intima to media area (I/M ratio), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-staining of the carotid artery were measured. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-stimulated A7r5 cell migration and potential mechanisms of TriL were investigated by wound healing, transwell, and Western blotting. TriL (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced: the cerebral infarction area; neurological deficit; TUNEL-positive apoptosis; intimal hyperplasia; and PCNA-positive cells in rodents. TriL (5, 10, and 20 µM) significantly inhibited PDGF-BB-stimulated A7r5 cell migration and reduced matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), Ras, MEK, and p-ERK protein levels in PDGF-BB-stimulated A7r5 cells. TriL is protective in models of I/R-induced brain injury, carotid artery ligation-induced intimal hyperplasia, and VSMC migration both in vivo and in vitro. TriL could be potentially efficacious in preventing cerebral ischemia and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Fung Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Jen Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Ru Siao
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Yann Tsai
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
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Effect of Fermented Rice Drink “Amazake” on Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Periodontal Disease: A Pilot Study. REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/reports4040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide increase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health problem. Obesity and diabetes are risk factors for NAFLD and the development of liver fibrosis is a risk factor for liver cancer. Periodontal disease bacteria can also exacerbate NAFLD. We previously reported that amazake, a traditional Japanese fermented food, improves the quality of life (QOL) of patients with liver cirrhosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of amazake intake on NAFLD patients with periodontal disease. Ten patients (mean age: 57.1 ± 19.2 years) consumed 100 g of amazake daily for 60 days. On days 0 and 60, their body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, serum biochemical parameters, periodontal disease bacteria in saliva, and ten visual analog scales (VASs), namely, sense of abdomen distension, edema, fatigue, muscle cramps, loss of appetite, taste disorder, constipation, diarrhea, depression, and sleep disorder, were measured. For periodontal bacteria, the numbers of six types of bacteria in saliva (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium necleatum) and P. gingivalis-specific fimA genotype were determined. After 60 days of amazake consumption, eosinophils (p < 0.05), immune reactive insulin (IRI) (p < 0.01), and HOMA-IR (p < 0.05) had significantly increased and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) (p < 0.01), muscle cramps (p < 0.05), and depression (p < 0.05) had significantly decreased. All subjective symptoms improved after amazake intake. No change was observed in the periodontal bacteria. In conclusion, amazake significantly decreased TNFα and improved the QOL of the patients with NAFLD and periodontitis. However, caution should be exercised because amazake, which is manufactured using techniques that lead to concentrations of glucose from the saccharification of rice starch, may worsen glucose metabolism in NAFLD patients. Amazake may be an effective food for improving the symptoms of a fatty liver if energy intake is regulated.
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Ashaolu TJ, Reale A. A Holistic Review on Euro-Asian Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermented Cereals and Vegetables. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1176. [PMID: 32756333 PMCID: PMC7463871 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid fermentation is one of the oldest methods used worldwide to preserve cereals and vegetables. Europe and Asia have long and huge traditions in the manufacturing of lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-fermented foods. They have different cultures, religions and ethnicities with the available resources that strongly influence their food habits. Many differences and similarities exist with respect to raw substrates, products and microbes involved in the manufacture of fermented products. Many of them are produced on industrial scale with starter cultures, while others rely on spontaneous fermentation, produced homemade or in traditional events. In Europe, common LAB-fermented products made from cereals include traditional breads, leavened sweet doughs, and low and non-alcoholic cereal-based beverages, whereas among vegetable ones prevail sauerkraut, cucumber pickles and olives. In Asia, the prevailing LAB-fermented cereals include acid-leavened steamed breads or pancakes from rice and wheat, whereas LAB-fermented vegetables are more multifarious, such as kimchi, sinki, khalpi, dakguadong, jiang-gua, soidon and sauerkraut. Here, an overview of the main Euro-Asiatic LAB-fermented cereals and vegetables was proposed, underlining the relevance of fermentation as a tool for improving cereals and vegetables, and highlighting some differences and similarities among the Euro-Asiatic products. The study culminated in "omics"-based and future-oriented studies of the fermented products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu
- Smart Agriculture Research and Application Team, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam
| | - Anna Reale
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, ISA-CNR, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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Synthesis and Evaluation of Dodecaboranethiol Containing Kojic Acid (KA-BSH) as a Novel Agent for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061551. [PMID: 32630612 PMCID: PMC7349888 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a form of tumor-cell selective particle irradiation using low-energy neutron irradiation of boron-10 (10B) to produce high-linear energy transfer (LET) alpha particles and recoiling 7Li nuclei (10B [n, alpha] 7Li) in tumor cells. Therefore, it is important to achieve the selective delivery of large amounts of 10B to tumor cells, with only small amounts of 10B to normal tissues. To develop practical materials utilizing 10B carriers, we designed and synthesized novel dodecaboranethiol (BSH)-containing kojic acid (KA-BSH). In the present study, we evaluated the effects of this novel 10B carrier on cytotoxicity, 10B concentrations in F98 rat glioma cells, and micro-distribution of KA-BSH in vitro. Furthermore, biodistribution studies were performed in a rat brain tumor model. The tumor boron concentrations showed the highest concentrations at 1 h after the termination of administration. Based on these results, neutron irradiation was evaluated at the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI) with KA-BSH. Median survival times (MSTs) of untreated and irradiated control rats were 29.5 and 30.5 days, respectively, while animals that received KA-BSH, followed by neutron irradiation, had an MST of 36.0 days (p = 0.0027, 0.0053). Based on these findings, further studies are warranted in using KA-BSH as a new B compound for malignant glioma.
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Maruki-Uchida H, Sai M, Yano S, Morita M, Maeda K. Amazake made from sake cake and rice koji suppresses sebum content in differentiated hamster sebocytes and improves skin properties in humans. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1689-1695. [PMID: 32316864 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1756734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amazake is a traditional Japanese health drink. Here, we examined the effects of amazake on skin in cells and humans. Treatment with sake cake or rice koji suppressed intracellular lipid accumulation in differentiated hamster sebocytes, likely through the reduced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) mRNA. In double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, seventeen Japanese women ingested either amazake or placebo for 4 weeks. Ingestion of the amazake decreased the sebum content compared to the placebo. The questionnaires showed improvements in "face color," "dark circles under the eyes," "glossy hair," and "waking up well", only in the amazake. In accordance with the questionnaires, additional analysis revealed the change in the L* values under the eyes was statistically increased in the amazake compared to the placebo. These results indicate that amazake may decrease sebum content in cells and humans and increase the L* values under the eyes, with some additional beneficial effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Maruki-Uchida
- Health Science Research Center, R&D Institute, Morinaga and Company Limited , Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sai
- Health Science Research Center, R&D Institute, Morinaga and Company Limited , Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Minoru Morita
- Health Science Research Center, R&D Institute, Morinaga and Company Limited , Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Maeda
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology , Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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The Binding Affinity of Small Molecules with Yam Tyrosinase (Catechol Oxidase): A Biophysical Study. Biochem Res Int 2019; 2019:8284968. [PMID: 31687211 PMCID: PMC6811792 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8284968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Yam tyrosinase has become an economically essential enzyme due to its ease of purification and abundant availability of yam tubers. However, an efficient biochemical and biophysical characterization of yam tyrosinase has not been reported. In the present study, the interaction of yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) tyrosinase was studied with molecules such as crocin (Crocus sativus), hydroquinone, and kojic acid. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism techniques were employed to determine the binding affinities and the changes in secondary and tertiary structures of yam tyrosinase in the presence of four relevant small molecules. Hydroquinone and crocin exhibited very low binding affinities of 0.24 M and 0.0017 M. Due to their apparent weak interactions, competition experiments were used to determine more precisely the binding affinities. Structure-function interrelationships can be correlated in great detail by this study, and the results can be compared with other available tyrosinases.
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Rakhimuzzaman M, Noda M, Danshiitsoodol N, Sugiyama M. Development of a System of High Ornithine and Citrulline Production by a Plant-Derived Lactic Acid Bacterium, Weissella confusa K-28. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1581-1589. [PMID: 31474718 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As a bacterium used in industry for production of several amino acids, an endotoxin-free Corynebacterium (C.) glutamicum is well known. However, it is also true that the endotoxin-producing other Corynebacterium species is present. An aim of this study is to obtain a lactic acid bacterium (LAB) that produces ornithine and citrulline at high levels. We successfully isolated a strain, designated K-28, and identified it as Weissella (W.) confusa. The production of ornithine and citrulline by K-28 was 18 ± 1 and 10 ± 2 g/L, respectively, with a 100 ± 9% conversion rate when arginine was continuously fed into a jar fermenter. Although the ornithine high production using C. glutamicum is industrially present, the strains have been genetically modified. In that connection, the wild-type of C. glutamicum produces only 0.5 g/L ornithine, indicating that W. confusa K-28 is superior to C. glutamicum to use a probiotic microorganism. We confirmed that W. confusa K-28 harbors an arginine deiminase (ADI) gene cluster, wkaABDCR. The production of ornithine and the expression of these genes significantly decreased under the aerobic condition rather than anaerobic one. The expression level of the five genes did not differ with or without arginine, suggesting that the production of amino acids in the K-28 strain was not induced by exogenous arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rakhimuzzaman
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Masafumi Noda
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Narandalai Danshiitsoodol
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Masanori Sugiyama
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
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Noda M, Shiraga M, Kumagai T, Danshiitsoodol N, Sugiyama M. Characterization of the SN35N Strain-Specific Exopolysaccharide Encoded in the Whole Circular Genome of a Plant-Derived Lactobacillus plantarum. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:536-545. [PMID: 29607926 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum SN35N, which has been previously isolated from pear, secretes exopolysaccharide (EPS). The aim of the present study is to characterize the EPS chemically and to find the EPS-biosynthesizing gene cluster. The present study demonstrates that the strain produces an acidic EPS carrying phosphate residue, which is composed of glucose, galactose, and mannose at a molecular ratio of 15.0 : 5.7 : 1.0. We also show that acidic EPS strongly inhibits the catalytic activity of hyaluronidase (EC 3.2.1.35), promoting an inflammatory reaction. In the present study, we also determined the complete genome sequence of the SN35N strain, demonstrating that the genome is a circular DNA with 3267626 bp, and the number of predicted coding genes is 3146, with a GC content of 44.51%. In addition, the strain harbors four plasmids, designated pSN35N-1, -2, -3, and -4. Although four EPS-biosynthesizing genes, designated lpe1, lpe2, lpe3, and lpe4, are present in the SN35N chromosomal DNA, another EPS gene cluster, lpe5, is located in the pSN35N-3 plasmid, composed of 35425 bp. EPS low-producing mutants, which were obtained by treating SN35N cells with novobiocin, lost the lpe5 gene cluster in the plasmid-curing experiment, suggesting that the gene cluster for the biosynthesis of acidic EPS is present in the plasmid. The present study shows the chemical characterization of the acidic EPS and its inhibitory effect to the hyaluronidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Noda
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Masaya Shiraga
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Takanori Kumagai
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Narandalai Danshiitsoodol
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Masanori Sugiyama
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
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Noda M, Sugimoto S, Hayashi I, Danshiitsoodol N, Fukamachi M, Sugiyama M. A novel structure of exopolysaccharide produced by a plant-derived lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68. J Biochem 2018; 164:87-92. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Noda
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine
| | | | - Ikue Hayashi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Maruki-Uchida H, Sai M, Sekimizu K. Evaluation of the innate immune-stimulating activity of amazake using a silkworm muscle contraction assay. Drug Discov Ther 2017; 11:288-290. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2017.01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Maruki-Uchida
- Research and Development Department, Health and Wellness Headquarters, Morinaga and Company Limited
| | - Masahiko Sai
- Research and Development Department, Health and Wellness Headquarters, Morinaga and Company Limited
| | - Kazuhisa Sekimizu
- Institute of Medical Mycology, Teikyo University
- Genome Pharmaceuticals Institute Co., Ltd
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Kim MS, Kang DK, Shin WC, Sohn HY. Anti-microbial, Anti-oxidant, and Anti-thrombosis Activities of the Lees of Bokbunja Wine (Rubus coreanus Miquel). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2015.25.7.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Sung HM, Jung HJ, Sin JS, Kim KM, Wee JH. Skin whitening activity of supercritical fluid extract from spent coffee in B16F10 melanoma cell. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
Tyrosinase plays a pivotal role in the synthesis of melanin pigment synthesis on skin utilizing tyrosine as a substrate. Melanin is responsible for the protection against harmful ultraviolet irradiation, which can cause significant pathological conditions, such as skin cancers. However, it can also create esthetic problems when accumulated as hyperpigmented spots. Various skin-whitening ingredients which inhibit tyrosinase activity have been identified. Some of them, especially ones with natural product origins, possess phenolic moiety and have been employed in cosmetic products. Semi-synthetic and synthetic inhibitors have also been developed under inspiration of the natural inhibitors yet some of which have no phenolic groups. In this review, tyrosinase inhibitors with natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic origins are listed up with their structures, activities and characteristics. Further, a recent report on the adverse effect of a natural melanin synthesis inhibitor which was included in skin-whitening cosmetics is also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yeul Lee
- a Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Namhuk Baek
- a Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Tae-gyu Nam
- a Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
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Yoshimori A, Oyama T, Takahashi S, Abe H, Kamiya T, Abe T, Tanuma SI. Structure-activity relationships of the thujaplicins for inhibition of human tyrosinase. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6193-200. [PMID: 25288494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase inhibitors have become increasingly critical agents in cosmetic, agricultural, and medicinal products. Although a large number of tyrosinase inhibitors have been reported, almost all the inhibitors were unfortunately evaluated by using commercial available mushroom tyrosinase. Here, we examined the inhibitory effects of three isomers of thujaplicin (α, β, and γ) on human tyrosinase and analyzed their binding modes using homology model and docking studies. As the results, γ-thujaplicin was found to strongly inhibit human tyrosinase with the IC50 of 1.15 μM, extremely superior to a well-known tyrosinase inhibitor kojic acid (IC50 = 571.17 μM). MM-GB/SA binding free energy decomposition analyses suggested that the potent inhibitory activity of γ-thujaplicin may be due to the interactions with His367, Ile368, and Val377 (hot spot amino acid residues) in human tyrosinase. Furthermore, the binding mode of α-thujaplicin indicated that Val377 and Ser380 may cause van der Waals clashes with the isopropyl group of α-thujaplicin. These results provide a novel structural insight into the hot spot of human tyrosinase for the specific binding of γ-thujaplicin and a way to optimize not only thujaplicins but also other lead compounds as specific inhibitors for human tyrosinase in a rational manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yoshimori
- Institute for Theoretical Medicine, Inc., 4259-3 Nagatsuda-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oyama
- Hinoki Shinyaku Co., Ltd, 9-6 Nibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0084, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Institute for Theoretical Medicine, Inc., 4259-3 Nagatsuda-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8510, Japan
| | - Hideaki Abe
- Hinoki Shinyaku Co., Ltd, 9-6 Nibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0084, Japan
| | - Takanori Kamiya
- Hinoki Shinyaku Co., Ltd, 9-6 Nibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0084, Japan
| | - Takehiko Abe
- Hinoki Shinyaku Co., Ltd, 9-6 Nibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0084, Japan
| | - Sei-ichi Tanuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Genome and Drug Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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Kamagaju L, Morandini R, Bizuru E, Nyetera P, Nduwayezu JB, Stévigny C, Ghanem G, Duez P. Tyrosinase modulation by five Rwandese herbal medicines traditionally used for skin treatment. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:824-34. [PMID: 23439030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional herbal medicines provide an interesting, largely unexplored source for the development of potential new drugs and skin-care cosmetics. Some herbal extracts are known to be inhibitors of melanin formation, sometimes more potent than the classical inhibitors, hydroquinone/arbutin or kojic acid, and are not associated with melanocytes cytotoxicity or mutagenicity. Such plants are used in traditional medicine in many countries, particularly in Africa, for skin lightening. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate in vitro the ability of Rwandese medicinal plants, traditionally used for the treatment of skin (discoloration and attenuation of discolored spots), to modulate pigmentation and tyrosinase activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on an ethnopharmacological survey, five herbs [Brillantaisia cicatricosa Lindau (Acanthaceae), Chenopodium ugandae (Aellen) Aellen (Chenopodiaceae), Dolichopentas longiflora Oliv. (Rubiaceae), Protea madiensis Oliv. (Proteaceae) and Sesamum angolense Welw. (Pedaliaceae)] were selected. Twenty-seven extracts, obtained by treating the herbs with increasing polarities solvents, were investigated for their effects on cell viability (MTT test) and on pigmentation: inhibition of the enzyme tyrosinase (colorimetry of reaction products, measurement of enzyme activity, TLC-autography; studies on crude cellular extracts obtained from normal melanocytes and on a mushroom tyrosinase) and measurement of melanogenesis by human melanoma cells. RESULTS None of the tested plant extracts were cytotoxic on tested human melanoma cell lines, except for Dolichopentas longiflora (IC50 of leaves n-hexane extract, 4μg/ml for MM028 and 4.5μg/ml for MM001; IC50 of roots ethyl acetate extract, 0.8μg/ml for MM028 and 3.9μg/ml for MM001). Almost all extracts inhibited melanogenesis in a melanoma whole cells overall pigmentation assay, a model reflecting the entire cycle of melanogenesis. All the Protea madiensis extracts quite strongly inhibited melanogenesis and, surprisingly, one of the Dolichopentas longiflora leaves extracts was found to increase melanogenesis. These results were confirmed by the modulation of pigmentation reactions by crude cellular extracts obtained from normal melanocytes; interestingly, one of the extracts (Dolichopentas longiflora ethyl acetate extract) is even more active (61% at 500μg/ml) than kojic acid (<3% at 142μg/ml and 68% at 1421μg/ml). In a mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assay, data obtained on some extracts fairly agree with pigmentation inhibition measured on melanocytes proteins as, for example, the methanol extract of Protea madiensis. While a few others extract display discording data, this probably reflects either differences between human and mushroom tyrosinase, interference with melanocytes enzymes at later steps than tyrosinase or the simultaneous presence of compounds with conflicting activities in a given extract. CONCLUSIONS Ethnopharmacological data represent an efficient approach to discover active herbs. Some of the selected medicinal plants clearly show potent tyrosinase inhibitions while one extract significantly increases cell pigmentation; one extract contains potent growth melanocytes inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léocadie Kamagaju
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, de Bromatologie et de Nutrition Humaine, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine-CP 205/9, Bd du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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19
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Isolation of long-chain esters from the rhizome of Polygonatum verticillatum by potent tyrosinase inhibition. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Tyrosinase inhibition constituents from the roots of Morus australis. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:1008-13. [PMID: 22698714 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical profiles of Morus australis roots, stems and twigs were firstly compared by HPLC analysis. It was found that Morus australis stem extract mainly contained one known tyrosinase inhibitor, oxyresveratrol, while its root and twig extract might contain some unknown potential tyrosinase inhibitors. The root extract of Morus australis was further investigated in this study. One new compound, austraone A, together with 21 known compounds, was isolated and their structures were identified by interpretation of MS and NMR data. In the tyrosinase inhibitory testing, some of them, such as oxyresveratrol, moracenin D, sanggenon T, and kuwanon O, exhibited stronger tyrosinase inhibitory activities than that of kojic acid. These results suggested the Morus australis root extract as a good source of natural tyrosinase inhibitors with a great potential to be used in foods as anti-browning agents and in cosmetics as skin-whitening agents.
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Chen KQ, Zhang H, Miao YL, Jiang M, Chen JY. Enhanced Succinic Acid Production from Sake Lees Hydrolysate by Dilute Sulfuric Acid Pretreatment and Biotin Supplementation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jsbs.2012.22003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Matoba Y, Bando N, Oda K, Noda M, Higashikawa F, Kumagai T, Sugiyama M. A molecular mechanism for copper transportation to tyrosinase that is assisted by a metallochaperone, caddie protein. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:30219-31. [PMID: 21730070 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.256818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cu(II)-soaked crystal structure of tyrosinase that is present in a complex with a protein, designated "caddie," which we previously determined, possesses two copper ions at its catalytic center. We had identified two copper-binding sites in the caddie protein and speculated that copper bound to caddie may be transported to the tyrosinase catalytic center. In our present study, at a 1.16-1.58 Å resolution, we determined the crystal structures of tyrosinase complexed with caddie prepared by altering the soaking time of the copper ion and the structures of tyrosinase complexed with different caddie mutants that display little or no capacity to activate tyrosinase. Based on these structures, we propose a molecular mechanism by which two copper ions are transported to the tyrosinase catalytic center with the assistance of caddie acting as a metallochaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Matoba
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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Chen K, Zhang H, Miao Y, Jiang M, Chen J. Succinic acid production from enzymatic hydrolysate of sake lees using Actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kim SY, Kong WS, Cho JY. Identification of differentially expressed genes in Flammulina velutipes with anti-tyrosinase activity. Curr Microbiol 2010; 62:452-7. [PMID: 20680279 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-010-9728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It was previously shown that fruiting bodies of the mushroom, Flammulina velutipes, exert anti-tyrosinase activity by producing a triacylglycerol characterized as 1',3'-dilinolenoyl-2'-linoleoylglycerol (LnLLn). In this study, we provide evidence that the mycelia of F. velutipes grown on glucose, but not on glycerol, exhibit anti-tyrosinase activity. To identify genes possibly involved in the process of expressing anti-tyrosinase activity in F. velutipes, a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method that involves annealing control primers (ACPs) was employed. Using 120 ACPs, a total of 84 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in F. velutipes mycelia with anti-tyrosinase activity were cloned and sequenced. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) searches revealed that 72 of the genes have known sequence homology. Of these, three genes involved in the synthesis and modification of fatty acids were selected and further quantified by real-time RT-PCR. These genes involved in fatty acid-biosynthetic processes can be potential candidates for further studies related to the development of a new anti-browning agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Science, Sangji University, Gangwon-do, 220-702, Korea
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Smit N, Vicanova J, Pavel S. The hunt for natural skin whitening agents. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:5326-5349. [PMID: 20054473 PMCID: PMC2801997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10125326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin whitening products are commercially available for cosmetic purposes in order to obtain a lighter skin appearance. They are also utilized for clinical treatment of pigmentary disorders such as melasma or postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Whitening agents act at various levels of melanin production in the skin. Many of them are known as competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase, the key enzyme in melanogenesis. Others inhibit the maturation of this enzyme or the transport of pigment granules (melanosomes) from melanocytes to surrounding keratinocytes. In this review we present an overview of (natural) whitening products that may decrease skin pigmentation by their interference with the pigmentary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Smit
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, room L02-56, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel.: +31-71-5264870; Fax: +31-71-5266753
| | | | - Stan Pavel
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; E-Mail:
(S.P.)
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Wu JJ, Lin JC, Wang CH, Jong TT, Yang HL, Hsu SL, Chang CMJ. Extraction of antioxidative compounds from wine lees using supercritical fluids and associated anti-tyrosinase activity. J Supercrit Fluids 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chang TS. An updated review of tyrosinase inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:2440-2475. [PMID: 19582213 PMCID: PMC2705500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10062440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 879] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a multifunctional, glycosylated, and copper-containing oxidase, which catalyzes the first two steps in mammalian melanogenesis and is responsible for enzymatic browning reactions in damaged fruits during post-harvest handling and processing. Neither hyperpigmentation in human skin nor enzymatic browning in fruits are desirable. These phenomena have encouraged researchers to seek new potent tyrosinase inhibitors for use in foods and cosmetics. This article surveys tyrosinase inhibitors newly discovered from natural and synthetic sources. The inhibitory strength is compared with that of a standard inhibitor, kojic acid, and their inhibitory mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Sheng Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National University of Tainan, 33 sec. 2 Shu-Lin St., Tainan, Taiwan; E-Mail:
; Tel. +886 6 2606283; Fax: +886 6 2909502
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