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Lin Y, Liu J, Sun Y, Chen S, Chen J, Fu F. Bio-accessibility and bio-availability evaluation of each arsenic species existing in various edible seaweeds in vitro and in vivo for arsenic risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174247. [PMID: 38936725 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Seaweeds consumption is one of main internal exposure sources of arsenic for human. However, the absence of representative bio-availabilities of arsenic species makes the accurate assessment of arsenic health risk originating from seaweeds consumption impossible. Herein, the arsenic species in various seaweeds collected from Fujian of China were investigated, and the bio-accessibilities/bio-availabilities of arsenic species existing in seaweeds were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results revealed that in vitro bio-availabilities of arsenic species presenting in seaweeds, which obtained with Caco-2 cells, were lower than those of pure arsenic standards, and varied with order of inorganic arsenic (iAs) > dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) ≈ arsenobetaine (AsB) > arsenosugars. During gastrointestinal digestion of mice, As5+ was partly methylated into monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and DMA, which makes the in vivo bioavailability of iAs (⁓31.8 %) obtained with mouse metabolic experiment is much higher than its in vitro bio-availability (⁓10.3 %). The in vivo bio-availabilities of DMA and total arsenic (tAs) are similar to their in vitro bio-availabilities. As the dominant arsenic species in most seaweeds, arsenosugars have an ⁓0.0 % of in vivo bioavailability and only a ⁓3.7 % of in vitro bioavailability. The simulated calculation of target hazard quotient (THQ) and target cancer risk (TR) revealed that the arsenic risk originating from seaweeds was greatly degraded by taking into consideration of arsenic species and bio-availabilities, and all seaweeds collected from Fujian are safety for consumption. The simulated calculation also revealed that arsenic risk of seaweeds can be also more accurately assessed based on tAs together with bioavailability, which provides a simple but accurate and protective method for the risk assessment of arsenic originating from seaweeds. Our work provides the possible representative bio-availabilities of arsenic species presenting in seaweeds for accurately assessing arsenic risk of seaweeds, and novel insights into the bio-availabilities of arsenic in animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lin
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Shilong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Jianlang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - FengFu Fu
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
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Sundhar S, Jeya Shakila R, Shalini R, Aanand S, Jayakumar N, Arisekar U, Manikandan B. Bioaccessibility of toxic heavy metals/metalloids in edible seaweeds: Exposure and health risk assessment. Food Res Int 2024; 182:114135. [PMID: 38519158 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
This study assesses the health risk due to heavy metals/metalloids (HMs/Ms) in edible seaweeds (Caulerpa racemosa, Kappaphycus alvarezii, and Ulva lactuca) through an in vitro bioaccessibility study. The percentage of bioabsorbed HMs/Ms in unprocessed and processed C. racemosa, U. lactuca, and K. alvarezii ranged from 3 % to 46 %, 3 % to 42 %, and 3 % to 40 %, respectively. The levels of HMs/Ms in seawater, sediment, and seaweeds were below the levels recommended by the European Commission (EC) and World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO). The maximum accumulation of HMs/Ms was found during monsoons and post-monsoon seasons, and Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, As, and Pb were predominant in all the samples. Tukey's post hoc test and t-test confirmed that thermal processing significantly reduced HMs/Ms in seaweeds. On the basis of the bioabsorption of HMs/Ms, the TTHQ values were found to be < 1, and the LCR values were within the acceptable limit (10-06 to 10-04), indicating no carcinogenic risks through seaweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Sundhar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Robinson Jeya Shakila
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Rajendran Shalini
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samraj Aanand
- Erode Bhavanisagar Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Erode 638 451, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natarajan Jayakumar
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Resource Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ulaganatha Arisekar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Boominathan Manikandan
- Department of Fisheries Extension, Economics and Statistics, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gajdosechova Z, Palmer CH, Sukhaket W, Kumkrong P, Busarakam K, Khetnon P, Deawtong S, Mester Z. Methylation and bio-accessibility assessment of arsenate in crickets (Gryllusbimaculatus). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141032. [PMID: 38151063 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The ability of an organism to biomethylate toxic inorganic arsenic (As) determines both, the amount of As available for uptake higher up the food chain and the toxicity of bioavailable As. An exposure study was conducted to determine ability of farmed crickets to metabolize dietary arsenate. Crickets were exposed to 1.3 ± 0.1, 5.1 ± 2.5 and 36.3 ± 5.6 mg kg-1 dietary arsenate and quantitation of total As showed retention of 0.416 ± 0.003, 1.3 ± 0.04 and 2.46 ± 0.09 mg kg-1, respectively. Speciation analysis revealed that crickets have well developed ability to biomethylate dietary arsenate and the most abundant methylated As compound was DMA followed by MMA, TMAO and an unknown compound. Arsenobetaine, although present in all feed, control and As-rich, was measured only in the control crickets. To assess the bio-accessibility of the As species, crickets were subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The results showed that majority of As was extracted in saliva, followed by gastric and intestinal juice, which mass fraction was equal to residue. Over 78% of total As was shown to be bio-accessible with methylated species reaching 100% and iAs over 79% bio-accessibility. Additionally, arsenite and arsenate have shown different distributions between sequential leachate solutions. Bioaccumulation of As was observed in the studied crickets although it does not seem to occur to the same extent at higher exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Gajdosechova
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, K1A 0R6, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Calvin H Palmer
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, K1A 0R6, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Wissarut Sukhaket
- Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, 35 Mu 3 Tambon Khlong Ha, Amphoe Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Paramee Kumkrong
- Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, 35 Mu 3 Tambon Khlong Ha, Amphoe Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanungnid Busarakam
- Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, 35 Mu 3 Tambon Khlong Ha, Amphoe Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Phawini Khetnon
- Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, 35 Mu 3 Tambon Khlong Ha, Amphoe Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Suladda Deawtong
- Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, 35 Mu 3 Tambon Khlong Ha, Amphoe Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Zoltan Mester
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, K1A 0R6, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Liu B, Sui J, Feng R, Lin H, Han X, Sun X, Cao L. Transformation of arsenic species from seafood consumption during in vitro digestion. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1207732. [PMID: 37899842 PMCID: PMC10602890 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1207732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) species analysis is important for the risk evaluation of seafood. Until now, there has been limited information on the change of As species during digestion. Here, the As species in different types of seafood before and after in vitro digestion were investigated. Although inorganic As was not detected in digested fish samples, As(V) contents in digested crabs and scallops were 17.12 ± 1.76 and 138.69 ± 7.53, respectively, which were approximately 2-3 times greater than those of the pre-digestion samples. In further experiments, arsenocholine, dimethylarsinate, arsenobetaine, and monomethylarsonate were all convertible to As(V) during in vitro digestions with different rates. The transformation demonstrates a complex process and could be affected by many factors, such as pH, time, and digestion juice composition, of which pH seemed to be particularly important. Free radicals were responsible for the oxidation in the transformation reactions. Unlike arsenobetaine, arsenocholine seemed to be able to directly transform to monomethylarsonate without the intermediate dimethylarsinate. This study reveals and validates the potential of other species (oAs or/and unknown species) to convert to iAs, identifies the main factors affecting this process, and proposes a reaction pathway. There is an important implication for promoting a more accurate risk assessment of arsenic in foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xun Sun
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Limin Cao
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Zhang C, Miao X, Du S, Zhang T, Chen L, Liu Y, Zhang L. Effects of Culinary Procedures on Concentrations and Bioaccessibility of Cu, Zn, and As in Different Food Ingredients. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081653. [PMID: 37107446 PMCID: PMC10137893 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cooked diets are the primary sources for humans to absorb trace elements, there is limited data available on the concentrations and bioaccessibility of trace elements in cooked food ingredients. This work aims to evaluate the effects of culinary procedures on the concentrations and bioaccessibility of trace elements in common food ingredients. Twelve food species from the local market were treated with four culinary procedures (boiling, steaming, baking, and frying), then the bioaccessibility of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and arsenic (As) were evaluated using the in vitro digestion method. The subcellular distribution of these elements was also determined using the sequential fractionation method. The results show that culinary procedures decreased the retention rate of As during cooking (100% for raw and 65-89% for cooked ingredients) and the bioaccessibility of Cu and Zn during digestion (nearly 75% for raw and 49-65% for cooked ingredients), resulting in a reduction of the total bioaccessible fraction (TBF) of Cu, Zn, and As in food ingredients. The TBF of Cu, Zn, and As in all tested food ingredients followed the order: raw (76-80%) > steaming and baking (50-62%) > boiling and frying (41-50%). The effects of culinary procedures were associated with the subcellular distribution of trace elements. As was dominantly distributed in heat-stable proteins (51-71%), which were more likely to be lost during cooking. In comparison, Cu and Zn were mainly bound to the insoluble fraction and heat-denatured proteins (60-89% and 61-94% for Cu and Zn, respectively), which become less digestible in cooked ingredients. In conclusion, these results suggest that culinary procedures reduce the absorption of Cu, Zn, and As in various food ingredients, which should be considered in the coming studies related to nutrition and risk assessment of trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canchuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi Miao
- Department of Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University-Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057, USA
| | - Sen Du
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Lizhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya 572025, China
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Liu Y, Chen S, Li Q, Liu L. Changes in Arsenic Speciation in Wild Edible Fungi after Different Cooking Processes and Gastrointestinal Digestion. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020603. [PMID: 36677657 PMCID: PMC9865972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is enriched in wild edible fungi, which is one of the main important sources of As in humans' diet. In this study, two wild edible fungi were employed for investigation: (1) Pleurotus citrinopileatusone, which contains a high content of inorganic As (iAs) and (2) Agaricus blazei Murill, which contains a high content of organic As. This study investigated the changes in As content and its speciation after different daily cooking methods. We found that the content of As in Pleurotus citrinipileatus and Agaricus blazei Murill reduced by soaking plus stir-frying by 55.4% and 72.9%, respectively. The As content in Pleurotus citrinipileatus and Agaricus blazei Murill decreased by 79.4% and 93.4%, respectively, after soaking plus boiling. The content of As speciation in dried wild edible fungi reduced significantly after different treatments. Among them, iAs decreased by 31.9~88.3%, and organic As decreased by 33.3~95.3%. This study also investigated the bioaccessibility of As in edible fungi after different cooking processes via an in-vitro physiologically based extraction test (PBET). The results showed that the bioaccessibility of As was relatively high if the edible fungi were uncooked, boiled, or stir-fried. The gastric (G) bioaccessibility of As ranged from 51.7% to 93.0% and the gastrointestinal (GI) bioaccessibility of As ranged from 63.5% to 98.1%. Meanwhile, the bioaccessibility of inorganic As was found to be as high as 94.6% to 151%, which indicates that further evaluation of the potential health risks of wild edible fungi is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shaozhan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Qianyu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Correspondence:
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Determination of arsenic in Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis): Effects of cooking and gastrointestinal digestion on food safety. Food Chem 2022; 393:133345. [PMID: 35689928 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study used the sexually mature Chinese mitten crabs as the research object, and the total arsenic and six major species were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). The influence of three common cooking methods on the forms of arsenic and content in different edible parts of crabs were explored. Furthermore, the bioavailability of arsenic and its different forms in the crabs were studied by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Based on the risk assessment of arsenic in gastrointestinal digestion, the results showed that the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) of arsenic was less than 1, which did not pose a significant health risk, but the risk of carcinogenesis of arsenic can not be ignored. Considering the effects of cooking and gastrointestinal digestion into account, a more realistic estimate of the risk associated with the consumption of Chinese mitten crabs can be deciphered.
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Xiong C, Calatayud M, van de Wiele T, Francesconi K. Gut microbiota metabolize arsenolipids in a donor dependent way. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113662. [PMID: 35617903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interplay between the gut microbiome and arsenolipids can help us manage the potential health risk of consuming seafood, but little is known about the bioconversion fate of arsenolipids in the gastrointestinal tract. We use an in vitro mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) to mimic the digestive tract of four healthy donors during exposure to two arsenolipids (an arsenic fatty acid AsFA 362 or an arsenic hydrocarbon AsHC 332). The metabolites were analyzed by HPLC-mass spectrometry. The human gut bacteria accumulated arsenolipids in a donor-dependent way, with higher retention of AsHC 332. Colonic microbiota partly transformed both arsenolipids to their thioxo analogs, while AsFA 362 was additionally transformed into arsenic-containing fatty esters, arsenic-containing fatty alcohols, and arsenic-containing sterols. There was no significant difference in water-soluble arsenicals between arsenolipid treatments. The study shows that arsenolipids can be quickly biotransformed into several lipid-soluble arsenicals of unknown toxicity, which cannot be excluded when considering potential implications on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Xiong
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Marta Calatayud
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Tom van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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In vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of selenium in agronomic biofortified wheat. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lin C, Ping M, Zhang X, Wang X, Chen L, Wu Y, Fu F. In vitro bio-accessibility and distribution characteristic of each arsenic species in different fishes and shellfishes/shrimps collected from Fujian of China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126660. [PMID: 34329088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is very important to consider the bio-accessibilities and concentrations of each arsenic species, not total arsenic, in seafood in order to accurately assess internal exposure level and health risk of arsenic from seafood. Herein, the concentrations and in vitro bio-accessibilities of each arsenic species in various fishes and shellfishes/shrimps were extensively investigated. Experimental results showed that arsenic species and contents in shellfishes/fishes remarkably varied with the difference of fish/shellfish species or individuals and sampling area, and arsenobetaine (AsB) is dominant arsenic species for fishes and shellfishes/shrimps. Different arsenic species in the same fish/shellfish have quite different bio-accessibilities, and the bio-accessibilities of each arsenic species also varied with fish/shellfish species or individuals. As3+ in fishes/shellfishes was partly oxidized to form As5+ during gastrointestinal digestion, and thus it is more reasonable and practicable to evaluate the bio-accessibilities of inorganic arsenic (iAs, total As3+ and As5+), not individual As3+ and As5+. Fishes and shellfishes/shrimps have similar bio-accessibilities of iAs, AsB and total arsenic, whereas have different bio-accessibilities of MMA (monomethylarsonic acid), DMA (dimethylarsinic acid), and two un-identified arsenic (Ui-As1 and Ui-As2). The results of this study provided a valuable knowledge for accurately assessing the health risk of arsenic in seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Meiling Ping
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Lian Chen
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of China Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - FengFu Fu
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
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Bolan S, Seshadri B, Keely S, Kunhikrishnan A, Bruce J, Grainge I, Talley NJ, Naidu R. Bioavailability of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury as measured by intestinal permeability. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14675. [PMID: 34282255 PMCID: PMC8289861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the intestinal permeability of metal(loid)s (MLs) such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) was examined, as influenced by gut microbes and chelating agents using an in vitro gastrointestinal/Caco-2 cell intestinal epithelium model. The results showed that in the presence of gut microbes or chelating agents, there was a significant decrease in the permeability of MLs (As-7.5%, Cd-6.3%, Pb-7.9% and Hg-8.2%) as measured by apparent permeability coefficient value (Papp), with differences in ML retention and complexation amongst the chelants and the gut microbes. The decrease in ML permeability varied amongst the MLs. Chelating agents reduce intestinal absorption of MLs by forming complexes thereby making them less permeable. In the case of gut bacteria, the decrease in the intestinal permeability of MLs may be associated to a direct protection of the intestinal barrier against the MLs or indirect intestinal ML sequestration by the gut bacteria through adsorption on bacterial surface. Thus, both gut microbes and chelating agents can be used to decrease the intestinal permeability of MLs, thereby mitigating their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Balaji Seshadri
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Anitha Kunhikrishnan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica Bruce
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian Grainge
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
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12
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Fu Y, Yin N, Cai X, Du H, Wang P, Sultana MS, Sun G, Cui Y. Arsenic speciation and bioaccessibility in raw and cooked seafood: Influence of seafood species and gut microbiota. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 280:116958. [PMID: 33774548 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seafood is an important source of arsenic (As) exposure for humans. In this study, 34 seafood samples (fishes, shellfishes, and seaweeds) collected from different markets in China were analysed for total and speciated As before and after boiling. Furthermore, the As bioaccessibility was also assessed using a physiologically based extraction test combined with the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystems. The results showed that the total As (tAs) contents of seaweeds (raw: 44.12; boiled: 31.13, μg·g-1 dw) were higher than those of shellfishes (raw: 8.34; boiled: 5.14, μg·g-1 dw) and fishes (raw: 6.01; boiled: 3.25, μg·g-1 dw). Boiling significantly decreased the As content by 22.24% for seaweeds, 32.27% for shellfishes, and 41.42% in fishes, respectively (p < 0.05). During in vitro digestion, the bioaccessibility of tAs and arsenobetaine (AsB) significantly varied between the investigated species of seafood samples in gastric (G) and small intestinal phases (I) (p < 0.05). Higher tAs bioaccessibility (G: 68.6%, I: 81.9%) were obtained in fishes than shellfishes (G: 40.9%, I: 52.5%) and seaweeds (G: 31%, I: 53.6%). However, there was no significant differences in colonic phase (C) (p > 0.05). With the effect of gut microbiota, arsenate (AsⅤ) was transformed into monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and arsenite (AsⅢ) in C. Moreover, as for seaweeds, an unknown As compound was produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Fu
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Naiyi Yin
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xiaolin Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Huili Du
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Mst Sharmin Sultana
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Guoxin Sun
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yanshan Cui
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, China.
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13
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Tian Y, Xu H, Liu S, Fang M, Wu Y, Gong Z. Study on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of perchlorate in different food matrices in vitro. Food Chem 2020; 333:127470. [PMID: 32653684 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Perchlorate, a persistent pollutant, interferes with iodine uptake by the thyroid. Perchlorate exposure mainly occurs through ingested food; understanding the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of perchlorate in foods facilitate more accurate human health risk assessments. An in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model was used for this research. The bioaccessibility of perchlorate in the control group, lettuce, rice and formula was 93.45%, 70.14%, 70.25%, and 63.68%, respectively. The bioavailability of perchlorate was as follows: control group, 43.45%; rice, 37.17%; lettuce, 35.13%; and formula, 30.72%. The absorptive apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of the control, lettuce, rice, and formula was 30-101 nm/s, 32-65 nm/s, 54-161 nm/s, and 41-88 nm/s, respectively. The results suggested that the risk from perchlorate was overestimated only when considering the content of perchlorate in foods and that the presence of food matrices reduced perchlorate bioavailability by differing degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Tian
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqiao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Fang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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14
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de Paiva EL, Medeiros C, Andrekowisk Fioravanti MI, Milani RF, Morgano MA, Lima Pallone JA, Arisseto-Bragotto AP. Aluminium in infant foods: Total content, effect of in vitro digestion on bioaccessible fraction and preliminary exposure assessment. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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In-vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of heavy metals in mineral clay complex used in natural health products. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8823. [PMID: 32483124 PMCID: PMC7264141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial mineral clays that claim to have healing properties are also known to contain trace amounts of heavy metals, albeit the risk of consuming many of them is not entirely known. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) in mineral clay samples collected from the Sierra Mountains (USA) using the Unified Bioaccessibility Research Group of Europe (UBM) method and the Caco-2 permeability assay, respectively. After UMB-gastric (UBM-G) digestion, As and Pb bioaccessibility were lower compared to Cd and decreased further in the UMB-gastrointestinal (UBM-GI) assay. Bioavailability estimates using the Caco-2 cell showed very low to non-detectable permeability for all 3 heavy metals. Thus, while initial heavy metal ranged from 3.8–17 ppm, 0.024–0.061ppm, and 5.8–20 ppm for As, Cd, and Pb, respectively, the bioavailability for these metals was reduced to very low levels that followed: non-detectable values of As, <0.007ppm of Cd, and <0.1ppm of Pb. Using UBM-digestion to mimic bioaccessibility, followed by Caco-2 cell bioavailability enabled us to conclude that in vitro assessment of heavy metal exposure associated with mineral clay-based natural health products does not pose a potential hazard to consumers.
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16
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Aluminum content and effect of in vitro digestion on bioaccessible fraction in cereal-based baby foods. Food Res Int 2020; 131:108965. [PMID: 32247442 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the total concentration and the effect of in vitro digestion on the bioaccessible fraction of aluminum (Al) in 35 different cereal-based baby food samples and estimate the exposure to this element considering the consumption of this product. Total Al content was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry after oxidative microwave digestion. An in vitro digestion method was applied and optimized to evaluate the bioaccessible fraction. The methods performance was efficient for both approached analysis and presented limits of detection and quantitation of 53 μg kg-1 and 89 μg kg-1, respectively. Total concentration and bioaccessibility varied according to the product composition (rice, oat, wheat, barley, corn, multicereal and fruit). Multicereals and fruit-based (plum) cereals presented the highest total Al concentrations (8.82 mg kg-1 and 7.49 mg kg-1, respectively), whilst lower values were observed for corn and rice flour cereals (0.92 mg kg-1 and 1.09 mg kg-1, respectively). The bioaccessible fraction varied from 1.5% to 10.4% in the evaluated samples. Exposure to Al was estimated and compared with the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) of 2 mg kg-1 body weight. The results showed that the daily consumption of three portions of cereals contributes up to 10.48% of the PTWI, when considering the total Al concentration reported in this study.
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17
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Boim AGF, Wragg J, Canniatti-Brazaca SG, Alleoni LRF. Human intestinal Caco-2 cell line in vitro assay to evaluate the absorption of Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn from urban environmental matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:601-615. [PMID: 31428946 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Caco-2 cell line is derived from a human colon adenocarcinoma and is generally used in toxicity assays. The ingestion of soil or dust is a significant route of human exposure to potential harmful elements (PHE), and assays of bioaccessibility or bioavailability can be used to measure the potential hazard posed by exposure to toxic substances. The in vitro digestion (UBM method) and Caco-2 cell model were used to investigate the bioaccessibility and absorption by intestinal cells of the PHE in four matrices (two urban soils and two soils with lead (Pb)-mining tailings) along with the guidance material for bioaccessibility measurements, BGS 102. The gastrointestinal (GI) compartment was simulated, and the resulting material added to Caco-2 cells. In the GI, the average bioaccessibility was 24% for cadmium (Cd), 17% for copper (Cu), 0.2% for Pb, 44% for manganese (Mn) and 6% for zinc (Zn). The poor reproducibility was attributed to the pH (6.3) and the highly complex GI fluid that formed PHE precipitates and complexes. In 2 h, Caco-2 cells absorbed 0.2 ng mg-1 of cellular protein for Cd, 13.4 ng mg-1 for Cu, 5 ng mg-1 for Mn and 31.7 µg mg-1 for Zn. Lead absorption was lower than the limit of quantification (< 2 µg L-1). Cd was presented in the cell monolayer and could interfere in the intracellular accumulation of Cu, Mn and Zn. The use of in vitro assays allowed for an estimation of the absorption of Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn from environmental matrices to be made, and except for Mn, it had a positive correlation with bioaccessible concentration, suggesting a common association of these elements in the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexys Giorgia Friol Boim
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Joanna Wragg
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | | | - Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
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18
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Choi EH, Lee SB, Lee DY, Kim GT, Shim SM, Park TS. Increased Intestinal Absorption of Vitamin U in Steamed Graviola Leaf Extract Activates Nicotine Detoxification. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1334. [PMID: 31207874 PMCID: PMC6627529 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Graviola leaves contain much vitamin U (vit U), but their sensory quality is not good enough for them to be developed as food ingredients. Addition of excipient natural ingredients formulated alongside vit U as active ingredients could enhance not only its sensory quality but also its bioavailability. The objectives of this study were to measure the bioaccessibility and intestinal cellular uptake of bioactive components, including rutin, kaempferol-rutinoside, and vit U, from steamed extract of graviola leaves (SGV) and SGV enriched with kale extract (SGK), and to examine how much they can detoxify nicotine in HepG2 cells. The bioaccessibility of vit U from SGV and SGK was 82.40% and 68.03%, respectively. The cellular uptake of vit U in SGK by Caco-2 cells was higher than that in SGV. Cotinine content converted from nicotine in HepG2 cells for 120 min was 0.22 and 0.25 μg/mg protein in 50 μg/mL of SGV and SGK, respectively, which were 2.86 and 3.57 times higher than the no-treatment control. SGK treatment of HepG2 cells upregulated CYP2A6 three times as much as did that of SGV. Our results suggest that graviola leaf extract enriched with excipient ingredients such as kale could improve vit U absorption and provide a natural therapy for detoxifying nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea.
| | - Seon-Bong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea.
| | - Da-Yeon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea.
| | - Goon-Tae Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Bokjung-dong, Sujung-gu, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Soon-Mi Shim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea.
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Bokjung-dong, Sujung-gu, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
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19
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Calatayud M, Xiong C, Du Laing G, Raber G, Francesconi K, van de Wiele T. Salivary and Gut Microbiomes Play a Significant Role in in Vitro Oral Bioaccessibility, Biotransformation, and Intestinal Absorption of Arsenic from Food. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:14422-14435. [PMID: 30403856 PMCID: PMC6300781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The release of a toxicant from a food matrix during the gastrointestinal digestion is a crucial determinant of the toxicant's oral bioavailability. We present a modified setup of the human simulator of the gut microbial ecosystem (SHIME), with four sequential gastrointestinal reactors (oral, stomach, small intestine, and colon), including the salivary and colonic microbiomes. Naturally arsenic-containing rice, mussels, and nori seaweed were digested in the presence of microorganisms and in vitro oral bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and metabolism of arsenic species were evaluated following analysis by using HPLC/mass spectrometry. When food matrices were digested with salivary bacteria, the soluble arsenic in the gastric digestion stage increased for mussel and nori samples, but no coincidence impact was found in the small intestinal and colonic digestion stages. However, the simulated small intestinal absorption of arsenic was increased in all food matrices (1.2-2.7 fold higher) following digestion with salivary microorganisms. No significant transformation of the arsenic species occurred except for the arsenosugars present in mussels and nori. In those samples, conversions between the oxo arsenosugars were observed in the small intestinal digestion stage whereupon the thioxo analogs became major metabolites. These results expand our knowledge on the likely metabolism and oral bioavailabiltiy of arsenic during human digestion, and provide valuable information for future risk assessments of dietary arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calatayud
- Center
for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chan Xiong
- Institute
of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- (C.X.) Phone: +43 (0)316
380-5318; e-mail:
| | - Gijs Du Laing
- Department
of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent
University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georg Raber
- Center
for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Francesconi
- Institute
of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tom van de Wiele
- Center
for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- (T.V.d.W.) Phone: +32 9
264 59 76; fax: + 32 9 264 62 48; e-mail:
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20
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Chi H, Zhang Y, Williams PN, Lin S, Hou Y, Cai C. In Vitro Model To Assess Arsenic Bioaccessibility and Speciation in Cooked Shrimp. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4710-4715. [PMID: 29633616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b06149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Shrimp, a popular and readily consumed seafood, contains high concentrations of arsenic. However, few studies have focused on whether arsenic in the shrimp could be transformed during the cooking process and gastrointestinal digestion. In this study, a combined in vitro model [Unified Bioaccessibility Research Group of Europe (BARGE) Method-Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (UBM-SHIME)] was used to investigate arsenic bioaccessibility and its speciation in raw and cooked shrimps. The results showed that the cooking practices had little effect on the arsenic content and speciation. Bioaccessibility of arsenic in raw shrimp was at a high level, averaging 76.9 ± 4.28 and 86.7 ± 3.74% in gastric and small intestinal phases, respectively. Arsenic speciation was stable in all of the shrimp digestions, with nontoxic arsenobetaine (AsB) being the dominated speciation. The cooking practice significantly increased the bioaccessibility of arsenate ( p < 0.05) in shrimp digests, indicating the increase of the potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Chi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , Huaqiao University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Youchi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Paul N Williams
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast BT9 7BL , United Kingdom
| | - Shanna Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , Huaqiao University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Hou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , Huaqiao University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , People's Republic of China
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21
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The total concentration and bioaccessible fraction of nutrients in purées, instant cereals and infant formulas by ICP OES: A study of Dietary Recommended Intakes and the importance of using a standardized in vitro digestion method. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Lee SG, Kim J, Park H, Holzapfel W, Lee KW. Assessment of the effect of cooking on speciation and bioaccessibility/cellular uptake of arsenic in rice, using in vitro digestion and Caco-2 and PSI cells as model. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 111:597-604. [PMID: 29222053 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In vitro digestion/Caco-2 or pig small intestinal epithelium cell line (PSI) uptake models were used to study the bioaccessibility and cellular uptake of arsenic (As) in cooked white rice and brown rice. The arsenite(AsIII), was the predominant species in cooked rice and in its bioaccessible fractions. The percentage of total As bioaccessibility in white rice (75%) was slightly higher (p=0.061) than that in brown rice(66%). However, there was no difference in the inorganic As (iAs) bioaccessibility between white rice (95%) and brown rice (96%). In Caco-2 cell monolayer, total As retention was 7-31%, transport was 4-25%, and uptake (sum of retention and transport) was 16-38%. In PSI cell model, the retention, transport, and uptake of tAs were 10-28%, 14-31%, and 29-50%, respectively. In both cells, the cellular uptake of tAs in brown rice was 1.4-1.5 folds lower (p<0.05) than that of white rice. These results indicate that the cellular uptake of As can be affected by nutritional compositions. These in vitro screening methods can serve as preliminary screens to predict the relative impact in rice matrix having different As species and processing conditions, although more research efforts should be applied to validating the existing in vitro methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Gi Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jinhye Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Park
- Graduate School of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37554, South Korea
| | - Wilhelm Holzapfel
- Graduate School of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37554, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
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23
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Alves RN, Maulvault AL, Barbosa VL, Fernandez-Tejedor M, Tediosi A, Kotterman M, van den Heuvel FHM, Robbens J, Fernandes JO, Romme Rasmussen R, Sloth JJ, Marques A. Oral bioaccessibility of toxic and essential elements in raw and cooked commercial seafood species available in European markets. Food Chem 2017; 267:15-27. [PMID: 29934150 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The oral bioaccessibility of several essential and toxic elements was investigated in raw and cooked commercially available seafood species from European markets. Bioaccessibility varied between seafood species and elements. Methylmercury bioaccessibility varied between 10 (octopus) and 60% (monkfish). Arsenic (>64%) was the toxic element showing the highest bioaccessibility. Concerning essential elements bioaccessibility in raw seafood, selenium (73%) and iodine (71%) revealed the highest percentages. The bioaccessibility of elements in steamed products increased or decreased according to species. For example, methylmercury bioaccessibility decreased significantly after steaming in all species, while zinc bioaccessibility increased in fish (tuna and plaice) but decreased in molluscs (mussel and octopus). Together with human exposure assessment and risk characterization, this study could contribute to the establishment of new maximum permissible concentrations for toxic elements in seafood by the European food safety authorities, as well as recommended intakes for essential elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo N Alves
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA I.P.), Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ana L Maulvault
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA I.P.), Lisbon, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Vera L Barbosa
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA I.P.), Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Margarita Fernandez-Tejedor
- Marine Monitoring, Institute of Agriculture and Food Research & Technology (IRTA), Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | - Johan Robbens
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMT, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | - Jens J Sloth
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark.
| | - António Marques
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA I.P.), Lisbon, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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24
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Chiocchetti G, Jadán-Piedra C, Vélez D, Devesa V. Metal(loid) contamination in seafood products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:3715-3728. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1161596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Chiocchetti
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Jadán-Piedra
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dinoraz Vélez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicenta Devesa
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Taylor V, Goodale B, Raab A, Schwerdtle T, Reimer K, Conklin S, Karagas MR, Francesconi KA. Human exposure to organic arsenic species from seafood. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:266-282. [PMID: 28024743 PMCID: PMC5326596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seafood, including finfish, shellfish, and seaweed, is the largest contributor to arsenic (As) exposure in many human populations. In contrast to the predominance of inorganic As in water and many terrestrial foods, As in marine-derived foods is present primarily in the form of organic compounds. To date, human exposure and toxicological assessments have focused on inorganic As, while organic As has generally been considered to be non-toxic. However, the high concentrations of organic As in seafood, as well as the often complex As speciation, can lead to complications in assessing As exposure from diet. In this report, we evaluate the presence and distribution of organic As species in seafood, and combined with consumption data, address the current capabilities and needs for determining human exposure to these compounds. The analytical approaches and shortcomings for assessing these compounds are reviewed, with a focus on the best practices for characterization and quantitation. Metabolic pathways and toxicology of two important classes of organic arsenicals, arsenolipids and arsenosugars, are examined, as well as individual variability in absorption of these compounds. Although determining health outcomes or assessing a need for regulatory policies for organic As exposure is premature, the extensive consumption of seafood globally, along with the preliminary toxicological profiles of these compounds and their confounding effect on assessing exposure to inorganic As, suggests further investigations and process-level studies on organic As are needed to fill the current gaps in knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ken Reimer
- Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Song JH, Lee HR, Shim SM. Determination of S-methyl-L-methionine (SMM) from Brassicaceae Family Vegetables and Characterization of the Intestinal Transport of SMM by Caco-2 Cells. J Food Sci 2016; 82:36-43. [PMID: 27883364 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of the current study were to determine S-methyl-L-methionine (SMM) from various Brassicaceae family vegetables by using validated analytical method and to characterize the intestinal transport mechanism of SMM by the Caco-2 cells. The SMM is well known to provide therapeutic activity in peptic ulcers. The amount of SMM from various Brassicaceae family vegetables ranged from 89.08 ± 1.68 μg/g to 535.98 ± 4.85 μg/g of dry weight by using validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method. For elucidating intestinal transport mechanism, the cells were incubated with or without transport inhibitors, energy source, or a metabolic inhibitor. Phloridzin and verapamil as inhibitors of sodium glucose transport protein (SGLT1) and P-glycoprotein, respectively, were not responsible for cellular uptake of SMM. Glucose and sodium azide were not affected by the cellular accumulation of SMM. The efflux ratio of SMM was 0.26, implying that it is not effluxed through Caco-2 cells. The apparent coefficient permeability (Papp ) of SMM was 4.69 × 10-5 cm/s, indicating that it will show good oral absorption in in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Song
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Sejong Univ, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Rim Lee
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Sejong Univ, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Mi Shim
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Sejong Univ, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
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Liu Q, Leslie EM, Le XC. Accumulation and Transport of Roxarsone, Arsenobetaine, and Inorganic Arsenic Using the Human Immortalized Caco-2 Cell Line. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8902-8908. [PMID: 27790904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Roxarsone (Rox), an organoarsenic compound, served as a feed additive in the poultry industry for more than 60 years. Residual amounts of Rox present in chicken meat could give rise to potential human exposure to Rox. However, studies on the bioavailability of Rox in humans are scarce. We report here the accumulation and transepithelial transport of Rox using the human colon-derived adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2) model. The cellular accumulation and transepithelial passage of Rox in Caco-2 cells were evaluated and compared to those of arsenobetaine (AsB), arsenite (AsIII), and arsenate (AsV). When Caco-2 cells were exposed to 3 μM Rox, AsB, and AsIII separately for 24 h, the maximum accumulation was reached at 12 h. After 24-h exposure, the accumulated Rox was 6-20 times less than AsB and AsIII. The permeability of Rox from the apical to basolateral side of Caco-2 monolayers was similar to AsV but less than AsIII and AsB. The results of lower bioavailability of Rox are consistent with previous observations of relatively lower amounts of Rox retained in the breast meat of Rox-fed chickens. These data provide useful information for assessing human exposure to and intestinal bioavailability of Roxarsone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Elaine M Leslie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 7-08A Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - X Chris Le
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
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Thomas DJ, Bradham K. Role of complex organic arsenicals in food in aggregate exposure to arsenic. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 49:86-96. [PMID: 28007183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
For much of the world's population, food is the major source of exposure to arsenic. Exposure to this non-essential metalloid at relatively low levels may be linked to a wide range of adverse health effects. Thus, evaluating foods as sources of exposure to arsenic is important in assessing risk and developing strategies that protect public health. Although most emphasis has been placed on inorganic arsenic as human carcinogen and toxicant, an array of arsenic-containing species are found in plants and animals used as foods. Here, we 2evaluate the contribution of complex organic arsenicals (arsenosugars, arsenolipids, and trimethylarsonium compounds) that are found in foods and consider their origins, metabolism, and potential toxicity. Commonalities in the metabolism of arsenosugars and arsenolipids lead to the production of di-methylated arsenicals which are known to exert many toxic effects. Evaluating foods as sources of exposure to these complex organic arsenicals and understanding the formation of reactive metabolites may be critical in assessing their contribution to aggregate exposure to arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Thomas
- Pharmacokinetics Branch, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Karen Bradham
- Public Health Chemistry Branch, Exposure Methods and Measurements Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Barciela-Alonso MC, Bermejo-Barrera P, Feldmann J, Raab A, Hansen HR, Bluemlein K, Wallschläger D, Stiboller M, Glabonjat RA, Raber G, Jensen KB, Francesconi KA. Arsenic and As Species. Metallomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527694907.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Barciela-Alonso
- University of Santiago de Compostela; Department of analytical Chemistry; Nutrition and Bromatology. Avda. das Ciencias s/n 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Pilar Bermejo-Barrera
- University of Santiago de Compostela; Department of analytical Chemistry; Nutrition and Bromatology. Avda. das Ciencias s/n 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Jörg Feldmann
- University of Aberdeen; Department of Chemistry, TESLA (Trace Element Speciation Laboratory); Meston Walk AB24 3UE Aberdeen UK
| | - Andrea Raab
- University of Aberdeen; Department of Chemistry, TESLA (Trace Element Speciation Laboratory); Meston Walk AB24 3UE Aberdeen UK
| | - Helle R. Hansen
- Chemist Metal Section; Eurofins Miljo A/S, Ladelundvej 85 6600 Vejen Denmark
| | - Katharina Bluemlein
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental; Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1 30625 Hannover Germany
| | - Dirk Wallschläger
- Trent University; Water Quality Centre, 1600 West Bank Drive Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2 Canada
| | - Michael Stiboller
- University of Graz; Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz; Universitätsplatz 1 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Ronald A. Glabonjat
- University of Graz; Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz; Universitätsplatz 1 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Georg Raber
- University of Graz; Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz; Universitätsplatz 1 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Kenneth B. Jensen
- University of Graz; Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz; Universitätsplatz 1 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Kevin A. Francesconi
- University of Graz; Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz; Universitätsplatz 1 8010 Graz Austria
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Meyer S, Raber G, Ebert F, Taleshi MS, Francesconi KA, Schwerdtle T. Arsenic-containing hydrocarbons and arsenic-containing fatty acids: Transfer across and presystemic metabolism in the Caco-2 intestinal barrier model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2044-56. [PMID: 26153761 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHCs) and arsenic-containing fatty acids (AsFAs) represent two classes of arsenolipids occurring naturally in marine food. Toxicological data are yet scarce and an assessment regarding the risk to human health has not been possible. Here, we investigated the transfer and presystemic metabolism of five arsenolipids in an intestinal barrier model. METHODS AND RESULTS Three AsHCs and two AsFAs were applied to the Caco-2 intestinal barrier model. Thereby, the short-chain AsHCs reached up to 50% permeability. Transport is likely to occur via passive diffusion. The AsFAs showed lower intestinal bioavailability, but respective permeabilities were still two to five times higher as compared to arsenobetaine or arsenosugars. Interestingly, AsFAs were effectively biotransformed while passing the in vitro intestinal barrier, whereas AsHCs were transported to the blood-facing compartment essentially unchanged. CONCLUSION AsFAs can be presystemically metabolised and the amount of transferred arsenic is lower than that for AsHCs. In contrast, AsHCs are likely to be highly intestinally bioavailable to humans. Since AsHCs exert strong toxicity in vitro and in vivo, toxicity studies with experimental animals as well as a human exposure assessment are needed to assess the risk to human health related to the presence of AsHCs in seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Meyer
- Graduate School of Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Georg Raber
- Institute of Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Franziska Ebert
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Mojtaba S Taleshi
- Institute of Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kevin A Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
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Leffers L, Wehe CA, Hüwel S, Bartel M, Ebert F, Taleshi MS, Galla HJ, Karst U, Francesconi KA, Schwerdtle T. In vitro intestinal bioavailability of arsenosugar metabolites and presystemic metabolism of thio-dimethylarsinic acid in Caco-2 cells. Metallomics 2013; 5:1031-42. [PMID: 23752250 PMCID: PMC3744932 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00039g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Whereas inorganic arsenic is classified as a human carcinogen, risks to human health related to the presence of arsenosugars in marine food are still unclear. Since studies indicate that human inorganic arsenic metabolites contribute to inorganic arsenic induced carcinogenicity, a risk assessment for arsenosugars should also include a toxicological characterization of their respective metabolites. Here we assessed intestinal bioavailability of the human arsenosugar metabolites oxo-DMAA(V), thio-DMAA(V), oxo-DMAE(V), thio-DMAE(V) and thio-DMA(V) in relation to arsenite in the Caco-2 intestinal barrier model. Whereas arsenite and thio-DMA(V) caused barrier disruption at concentrations ≥10 μM, all other metabolites did not cause a barrier leakage, even when applied at 50 times higher concentrations than arsenite and thio-DMA(V). The transfer studies point to a strong intestinal bioavailability of thio-DMA(V) and thio-DMAE(V), whereas oxo-DMAA(V), thio-DMAA(V) and oxo-DMAE(V) passed the in vitro intestinal barrier only to a very small extent. Detailed influx and efflux studies indicate that arsenite and thio-DMA(V) cross the intestinal barrier most likely by passive diffusion (paracellular) and facilitated (transcellular) transport. LC-ICP-QMS based arsenic speciation studies during the transfer experiments demonstrate transfer of thio-DMA(V) itself across the intestinal barrier and suggest metabolism of thio-DMA(V) using the in vitro intestinal barrier model to its oxygen-analogue DMA(V). In the case of arsenite no metabolism was observed. In summary the two arsenosugar metabolites thio-DMA(V) and thio-DMAE(V) showed intestinal bioavailability similar to that of arsenite, and about 10-fold higher than that reported for arsenosugars (Leffers et al., Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 2013, DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200821) in the same in vitro model. Thus, a presystemic metabolism of arsenosugars might strongly impact arsenic intestinal bioavailability after arsenosugar intake and should therefore be considered when assessing the risks to human health related to the consumption of arsenosugar-containing food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Leffers
- Graduate School of Chemistry , University of Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 , 48149 Münster , Germany
- Institute of Food Chemistry , University of Münster , Corrensstraße 45 , 48149 Münster , Germany . ; Fax: +49-251-83-33396 ; Tel: +49-251-83-33874
| | - Christoph A. Wehe
- Institute of Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry , University of Münster , Corrensstraße 28/30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Sabine Hüwel
- Institute of Biochemistry , University of Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 2 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Marc Bartel
- Institute of Food Chemistry , University of Münster , Corrensstraße 45 , 48149 Münster , Germany . ; Fax: +49-251-83-33396 ; Tel: +49-251-83-33874
| | - Franziska Ebert
- Institute of Food Chemistry , University of Münster , Corrensstraße 45 , 48149 Münster , Germany . ; Fax: +49-251-83-33396 ; Tel: +49-251-83-33874
| | - Mojtaba S. Taleshi
- Institute of Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry , University of Graz , Universitaetsplatz 1 , Graz , Austria
| | - Hans-Joachim Galla
- Institute of Biochemistry , University of Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 2 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry , University of Münster , Corrensstraße 28/30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Kevin A. Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry , University of Graz , Universitaetsplatz 1 , Graz , Austria
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Graduate School of Chemistry , University of Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 , 48149 Münster , Germany
- Institute of Food Chemistry , University of Münster , Corrensstraße 45 , 48149 Münster , Germany . ; Fax: +49-251-83-33396 ; Tel: +49-251-83-33874
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Leffers L, Ebert F, Taleshi MS, Francesconi KA, Schwerdtle T. In vitro toxicological characterization of two arsenosugars and their metabolites. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1270-82. [PMID: 23564523 PMCID: PMC3739928 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE In their recently published Scientific Opinion on Arsenic in Food, the European Food Safety Authority concluded that a risk assessment for arsenosugars is currently not possible, largely because of the lack of relevant toxicological data. To address this issue, we carried out a toxicological in vitro characterization of two arsenosugars and six arsenosugar metabolites. METHODS AND RESULTS The highly pure synthesized arsenosugars, DMA(V) -sugar-glycerol and DMA(V) -sugar-sulfate, investigated in this study, as well as four metabolites, oxo-dimethylarsenoacetic acid (oxo-DMAA(V) ), oxo-dimethylarsenoethanol (oxo-DMAE(V) ), thio-DMAA(V) and thio-DMAE(V) , exerted neither cytotoxicity nor genotoxicity up to 500 μM exposure in cultured human bladder cells. However, two arsenosugar metabolites, namely dimethyl-arsinic acid (DMA(V) ) and thio-dimethylarsinic acid (thio-DMA(V) ), were toxic to the cells; thio-DMA(V) was even slightly more cytotoxic than arsenite. Additionally, intestinal bioavailability of the arsenosugars was assessed applying the Caco-2 intestinal barrier model. The observed low, but significant transfer rates of the arsenosugars across the barrier model provide further evidence that arsenosugars are intestinally bioavailable. CONCLUSION In a cellular system that metabolizes arsenosugars, cellular toxicity likely arises. Thus, in strong contrast to arsenobetaine, arsenosugars cannot be categorized as nontoxic for humans and a risk to human health cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Leffers
- Graduate School of Chemistry, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Franziska Ebert
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Mojtaba S Taleshi
- Institute of Chemistry – Analytical Chemistry, University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Kevin A Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry – Analytical Chemistry, University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
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Laird BD, Chan HM. Bioaccessibility of metals in fish, shellfish, wild game, and seaweed harvested in British Columbia, Canada. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 58:381-7. [PMID: 23665408 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fish, shellfish, wild game, and seaweed are important traditional foods that are essential to the physical and cultural well-being of Indigenous peoples in Canada. The goal of this study was to measure the concentration and bioaccessibility of As, Cd, Hg, Se, Cu and Mn in 45 commonly consumed traditional foods collected by harvested by the First Nations Food, Nutrition, and Environment Study (FNFNES) from 21 First Nations communities in British Columbia, Canada, in 2008-2009. A significant and negative correlation was observed between Hg concentration and Hg bioaccessibility. Metal bioaccessibility tended to be high; median values ranging between 52% (Mn) and 83% (Cu). The notable exceptions were observed for As in wild game organs (7-19%) and rabbit meat (4%) as well as Hg in salmon eggs (10%). Results of Principal Components Analysis confirmed the unique pattern of bioaccessibility of As and Hg in traditional foods, suggesting that, unlike other metals, As and Hg bioaccessibility are not simply controlled by food digestibility under the operating conditions of the in vitro model. These data provide useful information for dietary contaminant risk assessment and intake assessments of essential trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Laird
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
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Koch I, Dee J, House K, Sui J, Zhang J, McKnight-Whitford A, Reimer KJ. Bioaccessibility and speciation of arsenic in country foods from contaminated sites in Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 449:1-8. [PMID: 23403097 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic in foods obtained through foraging or hunting (country foods) in contaminated areas has not been reported; moreover the chemical form (arsenic speciation) is not known. Bioaccessibility extractions can be used to extract the arsenic from samples, giving information about the arsenic that is available for absorption into humans. Bioaccessibility of arsenic was measured in country foods (berries, other plants, mushrooms and hares) collected from contaminated sites in Canada. Arsenic speciation in the bioaccessibility extracts was also determined. Arsenic concentrations in berries ranged from 0.06 to 21 mg/kg, and Labrador tea contained 1.9 mg/kg of arsenic (all wet weight). Arsenic concentrations (wet weight) ranged up to 46 mg/kg in mushrooms, but they were much lower in hare muscle tissue (0.007 to 0.6 mg/kg). Percent bioaccessibility was lowest in berries and plants (means of 12-45%), where the arsenic species were mostly toxic inorganic arsenic. Bioaccessibility was higher in mushrooms and hare meat (means of 22-76%), where along with toxic inorganic arsenic, substantial proportions of less toxic organoarsenic species were measured, including non-toxic arsenobetaine. The speciation patterns were highly variable in both mushrooms and hare meat. Toxic forms of arsenic are present in country foods collected from contaminated areas, but the amounts vary according to and within each sample type. Therefore testing should ideally be carried out for new sample types and locations to estimate exposures to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Koch
- Environmental Sciences Group, Royal Military College of Canada, 12 Verité Ave, P.O. Box 17 000 Station Forces, Kingston, ON, Canada K7K 7B4
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Calatayud M, Vázquez M, Devesa V, Vélez D. In vitro study of intestinal transport of inorganic and methylated arsenic species by Caco-2/HT29-MTX cocultures. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:2654-62. [PMID: 23116229 DOI: 10.1021/tx300295n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study characterizes intestinal absorption of arsenic species using in vitro system Caco-2/HT29-MTX cocultures in various proportions (100/0 to 30/70). The species assayed were As(V), As(III), monomethylarsonic acid [MMA(V)], monomethylarsonous acid [MMA(III)], dimethylarsinic acid [DMA(V)], and dimethylarsinous acid [DMA(III)]. The results show that the apparent permeability (P(app)) values of pentavalent species increase significantly in the Caco-2/HT29-MTX cocultures in comparison with the Caco-2 monoculture, probably because of enhancement of paracellular transport. For MMA(III) and DMA(III), P(app) decreases in the Caco-2/HT29-MTX cell model, and for As(III), there is no change in P(app) between the two culture models. Transport studies of arsenic solubilized from cooked foods (rice, garlic, and seaweed) after applying an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion showed that arsenic absorption also varies with the model used, increasing with the incorporation of HT29-MTX in the culture. These results show the importance of choosing a suitable in vitro model when evaluating intestinal arsenic absorption processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calatayud
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Avenida Agustín Escardino n° 7, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
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Moreda-Piñeiro J, Moreda-Piñeiro A, Romarís-Hortas V, Domínguez-González R, Alonso-Rodríguez E, López-Mahía P, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, Prada-Rodríguez D, Bermejo-Barrera P. Trace metals in marine foodstuff: Bioavailability estimation and effect of major food constituents. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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García-Rico L, Tejeda-Valenzuela L, Vélez D, Montoro R. Content of selenium, total and inorganic arsenic and bioaccessibility of arsenic in children diets of Mexico. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:1725-1731. [PMID: 22228577 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the intake of selenium, total and inorganic arsenic and the bioaccessibility of arsenic in diets of Mexican schoolchildren using an in vitro method. RESULTS Total and inorganic arsenic concentrations in the diets ranged from 0.05 to 1.15 mg kg(-1) dry weight (DW) and from 0.023 to 0.088 mg kg(-1) DW respectively, while selenium levels were between 0.08 and 0.20 mg kg(-1) DW. Daily intake of total and inorganic arsenic ranged from 0.15 to 10.49 µg day(-1) kg(-1) body weight (BW) and from 0.06 to 1.11 µg day(-1) kg(-1) BW respectively, while that of selenium varied from 0.29 to 2.63 µg day(-1) kg(-1) BW. Bioaccessibility of total and inorganic arsenic ranged from 4 to 97% (mean 44 ± 21.5%) and from 33 to 97% (mean 71 ± 22.5%) respectively. CONCLUSION Inorganic arsenic levels in the diets were low. Therefore there appears to be a low risk of adverse effects resulting from excess inorganic arsenic intake from these diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia García-Rico
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Km 0.6 Carretera a la Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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Leufroy A, Noël L, Beauchemin D, Guérin T. Bioaccessibility of total arsenic and arsenic species in seafood as determined by a continuous online leaching method. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 402:2849-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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39
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40
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He Y, Pedigo CE, Lam B, Cheng Z, Zheng Y. Bioaccessibility of arsenic in various types of rice in an in vitro gastrointestinal fluid system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2012; 47:74-80. [PMID: 22251206 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2012.611431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Rice can be a major contributor to dietary arsenic exposure because of the relatively high total arsenic concentration compared to other grains, especially for people whose main staple is rice. This study employed in vitro gastrointestinal fluid digestion to determine bioaccessible or gastrointestinal fluid extractable arsenic concentration in rice. Thirty-one rice samples, of which 60 % were grown in the United States, were purchased from food stores in New York City. Total arsenic concentrations in these samples ranged from 0.090 ± 0.004 to 0.85 ± 0.03 mg/kg with a mean value of 0.275 ± 0.161 mg/kg (n = 31). Rice samples with relatively high total arsenic (>0.20 mg/kg, n = 18) were treated by in vitro artificial gastrointestinal fluid digestion, and the extractable arsenic ranged from 53 % to 102 %. The bioaccessibility of arsenic in rice decreases in the general order of extra long grain, long grain, long grain parboiled, to brown rices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College, The City University of New York, 445 W59th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA.
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41
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Maulvault AL, Machado R, Afonso C, Lourenço HM, Nunes ML, Coelho I, Langerholc T, Marques A. Bioaccessibility of Hg, Cd and As in cooked black scabbard fish and edible crab. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2808-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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42
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New tools to assess toxicity, bioaccessibility and uptake of chemical contaminants in meat and seafood. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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43
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Torres-Escribano S, Denis S, Blanquet-Diot S, Calatayud M, Barrios L, Vélez D, Alric M, Montoro R. Comparison of a static and a dynamic in vitro model to estimate the bioaccessibility of As, Cd, Pb and Hg from food reference materials Fucus sp. (IAEA-140/TM) and Lobster hepatopancreas (TORT-2). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:604-11. [PMID: 21109290 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccessibility, the fraction of an element solubilized during gastrointestinal digestion and available for absorption, is a factor that should be considered when evaluating the health risk of contaminants from food. Static and dynamic models that mimic human physiological conditions have been used to evaluate bioaccessibility. This preliminary study compares the bioaccessibility of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) in two food certified reference materials (CRMs) (seaweed: Fucus sp., IAEA-140/TM; Lobster hepatopancreas: TORT-2), using two in vitro gastrointestinal digestion methods: a static method (SM) and a dynamic multicompartment method (TIM-1). There are significant differences (p<0.05) between the bioaccessible values of As, Cd, Pb and Hg obtained by SM and TIM-1 in the two CRMs. The specific form in which the elements studied are present in the CRM may help to explain the bioaccessibility values obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Torres-Escribano
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Apdo. 73, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Van de Wiele T, Gallawa CM, Kubachka KM, Creed JT, Basta N, Dayton EA, Whitacre S, Du Laing G, Bradham K. Arsenic metabolism by human gut microbiota upon in vitro digestion of contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:1004-9. [PMID: 20603239 PMCID: PMC2920899 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Speciation analysis is essential when evaluating risks from arsenic (As) exposure. In an oral exposure scenario, the importance of presystemic metabolism by gut microorganisms has been evidenced with in vivo animal models and in vitro experiments with animal microbiota. However, it is unclear whether human microbiota display similar As metabolism, especially when present in a contaminated matrix. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the metabolic potency of in vitro cultured human colon microbiota toward inorganic As (iAs) and As-contaminated soils. METHODS A colon microbial community was cultured in a dynamic model of the human gut. These colon microbiota were incubated with iAs and with As-contaminated urban soils. We determined As speciation analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS We found a high degree of methylation for colon digests both of iAs (10 microg methylarsenical/g biomass/hr) and of As-contaminated soils (up to 28 microg/g biomass/hr). Besides the formation of monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V)), we detected the highly toxic monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)). Moreover, this is the first description of microbial thiolation leading to monomethylmonothioarsonic acid (MMMTA(V)). MMMTA(V), the toxicokinetic properties of which are not well known, was in many cases a major metabolite. CONCLUSIONS Presystemic As metabolism is a significant process in the human body. Toxicokinetic studies aiming to completely elucidate the As metabolic pathway would therefore benefit from incorporating the metabolic potency of human gut microbiota. This will result in more accurate risk characterization associated with As exposures.
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He M, Ke CH, Wang WX. Effects of cooking and subcellular distribution on the bioaccessibility of trace elements in two marine fish species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:3517-3523. [PMID: 20192204 DOI: 10.1021/jf100227n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In current human health risk assessment, the maximum acceptable concentrations of contaminants in food are mostly based on the total concentrations. However, the total concentration of contaminants may not always reflect the available amount. Bioaccessibility determination is thus required to improve the risk assessment of contaminants. This study used an in vitro digestion model to assess the bioaccessibility of several trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Se, and Zn) in the muscles of two farmed marine fish species (seabass Lateolabrax japonicus and red seabream Pagrosomus major ) of different body sizes. The total concentrations and subcellular distributions of these trace elements in fish muscles were also determined. Bioaccessibility of these trace elements was generally high (>45%), and the lowest bioaccessibility was observed for Fe. Cooking processes, including boiling, steaming, frying, and grilling, generally decreased the bioaccessibility of these trace elements, especially for Cu and Zn. The influences of frying and grilling were greater than those of boiling and steaming. The relationship of bioaccessibility and total concentration varied with the elements. A positive correlation was found for As and Cu and a negative correlation for Fe, whereas no correlation was found for Cd, Se, and Zn. A significant positive relationship was demonstrated between the bioaccessibility and the elemental partitioning in the heat stable protein fraction and in the trophically available fraction, and a negative correlation was observed between the bioaccessibility and the elemental partitioning in metal-rich granule fraction. Subcellular distribution may thus affect the bioaccessibility of metals and should be considered in the risk assessment for seafood safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei He
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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46
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Calatayud M, Gimeno J, Vélez D, Devesa V, Montoro R. Characterization of the Intestinal Absorption of Arsenate, Monomethylarsonic Acid, and Dimethylarsinic Acid Using the Caco-2 Cell Line. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:547-56. [DOI: 10.1021/tx900279e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calatayud
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Apdo. 73, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Gimeno
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Apdo. 73, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dinoraz Vélez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Apdo. 73, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicenta Devesa
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Apdo. 73, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Montoro
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Apdo. 73, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Tapia-Benavides AR, Mendoza-Huizar LH, Pérez-García F, Tlahuext H, Alvarez A, Tlahuextl M. Do Spiroarsoranes Exhibit Polytopal Equilibrium in Solution? Inorg Chem 2010; 49:1496-502. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901740d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio R. Tapia-Benavides
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184 Hidalgo, México
| | - Luis H. Mendoza-Huizar
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184 Hidalgo, México
| | - Francisco Pérez-García
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184 Hidalgo, México
| | - Hugo Tlahuext
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, 62100 Morelos, México
| | - Alejandro Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184 Hidalgo, México
| | - Margarita Tlahuextl
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184 Hidalgo, México
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