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Fuentes-Jorquera N, Canales RI, Pérez-Correa JR, Pérez-Jiménez J, Mariotti-Celis MS. Differential Extraction and Preliminary Identification of Polyphenols from Ugni candollei (White Murta) Berries. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:623. [PMID: 38929063 PMCID: PMC11200422 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ugni candollei, commonly known as white murta, is a native Chilean berry with a polyphenol composition that has been underexplored. This study aimed to establish a comprehensive profile of white murta polyphenols using ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-ORBITRAP MS). Additionally, it compared the efficacy of conventional extraction methods with emerging techniques such as deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction and hot pressurized water extraction (HPWE). The analysis tentatively identified 107 phenolic compounds (84 of them reported for the first time for this cultivar), including 25 phenolic acids, 37 anthocyanins, and 45 flavonoids. Among the prominent and previously unreported polyphenols are ellagic acid acetyl-xyloside, 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid, cyanidin 3-O-(6'-caffeoyl-glucoside, and phloretin 2'-O-xylosyl-glucoside. The study found HPWE to be a promising alternative to traditional extraction of hydroxybenzoic acids, while DES extraction was less effective across all categories. The findings reveal that white murta possesses diverse phenolic compounds, potentially linked to various biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Fuentes-Jorquera
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (N.F.-J.); (R.I.C.)
| | - Roberto I. Canales
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (N.F.-J.); (R.I.C.)
| | - José R. Pérez-Correa
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (N.F.-J.); (R.I.C.)
| | - Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Martchenko A, Papaelias A, Bolz SS. Physiologic effects of the maqui berry ( Aristotelia chilensis): a focus on metabolic homeostasis. Food Funct 2024; 15:4724-4740. [PMID: 38618933 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02524a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence and socioeconomic impact of metabolic diseases is rapidly growing. The limited availability of effective and affordable treatments has fuelled interest in the therapeutic potential of natural compounds as they occur in selected food sources. These compounds might help to better manage the current problems of treatment availability, affordability, and adverse effects that, in combination, limit treatment duration and efficacy at present. Specifically, berries garnered interest given a strong epidemiological link between their consumption and improved metabolic functions, making the analysis of their phytochemical composition and the identification and characterization of biologically active ingredients an emerging area of research. In this regard, the present review focuses on the South American maqui berry Aristotelia chilensis, which has been extensively used by the indigenous Mapuche population for generations to treat a variety of disease conditions. An overview of the maqui plant composition precedes a review of pre-clinical and clinical studies that investigated the effects of maqui berries and their major components on metabolic homeostasis. The final part of the review highlights possible technologies to conserve maqui berry structural and functional integrity during passage through the small intestine, ultimately aiming to augment their systemic and luminal bioavailability and biological effects. The integration of the various aspects discussed herein can assist in the development of effective maqui-based therapies to benefit the growing population of metabolically compromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Martchenko
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada.
| | - Alexandra Papaelias
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada.
| | - Steffen-Sebastian Bolz
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada.
- Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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3
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Carvalho F, Lahlou RA, Pires P, Salgado M, Silva LR. Natural Functional Beverages as an Approach to Manage Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16977. [PMID: 38069300 PMCID: PMC10707707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, commonly associated with unhealthy habits and obesity, and it is becoming a serious health issue worldwide. As a result, new approaches to treat diabetes are required, and a movement towards more natural approaches is emerging. Consuming fruit and vegetables is advised to prevent diabetes since they contain several bioactive compounds. A simple and effective strategy to include them in the diets of diabetic and obese people is through beverages. This review aims to report the anti-diabetic potentials of different vegetable and fruit beverages. These functional beverages demonstrated in vitro potential to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes and to improve glucose uptake. In vivo, beverage consumption showed a reduction of blood glucose, increase of insulin tolerance, improvement of lipid profile, control of obesity, and reduction of oxidative stress. This suggests the potential of vegetable- and fruit-based functional beverages to be used as a natural innovative therapy for the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Carvalho
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (F.C.); (R.A.L.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Radhia Aitfella Lahlou
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (F.C.); (R.A.L.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Paula Pires
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (F.C.); (R.A.L.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Manuel Salgado
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (F.C.); (R.A.L.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (F.C.); (R.A.L.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- CIEPQPF—Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II—Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Wacewicz-Muczyńska M, Moskwa J, Puścion-Jakubik A, Naliwajko SK, Niczyporuk M, Socha K. Antioxidant Properties of Maqui Berry Extract ( Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz) and Its Potential Photoprotective Role on Human Skin Fibroblasts. Molecules 2023; 28:7802. [PMID: 38067532 PMCID: PMC10708373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Maqui berry (Aristotelia chilensis) is characterized by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of maqui berry extracts on human skin fibroblasts (NHSFs) exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVB). The photoprotective properties of the extracts were investigated via the determination of the total polyphenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH), and the chemical composition was assessed. The chemical purity of the extracts was studied via the evaluation of the toxic elements level. The water extract (MWE 57.75 ± 0.44 mg GAE/g) had the highest mean polyphenol content. The water (MWE) and ethanol (MEE70) extracts had the highest inhibitory activities against DPPH radical formation (283.63 ± 7.29 and 284.60 ± 4.31 mg Tx/L, respectively). The analyzed extracts were found to be safe in terms of toxic elements (arsenic, cadmium, lead). The tested extracts of maqui berry did not cause a cytotoxic effect on NHSF cells after 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation. When the NHSF cells were exposed to UVB radiation in the presence of maqui extracts, their viability was increased or maintained. The maqui berry extracts had a slightly protective effect against skin damage caused by UVB radiation. These were preliminary studies that require further research to determine which maqui compounds correspond with the photoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wacewicz-Muczyńska
- Department of Specialist Cosmetology, Medical University of Bialystok, Akademicka 3 St., 15-267 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Justyna Moskwa
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D St., 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Puścion-Jakubik
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D St., 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sylwia K Naliwajko
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D St., 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marek Niczyporuk
- Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Akademicka 3 St., 15-267 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D St., 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
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Escobar-Beiza N, Pérez-Correa JR, Franco W. Fermentation of Murta ( Ugni molinae) Juice: Effect on Antioxidant Activity and Control of Enzymes Associated with Glucose Assimilation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15197. [PMID: 37894878 PMCID: PMC10607212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Berries are rich in bioactive compounds, including antioxidants and especially polyphenols, known inhibitors of starch metabolism enzymes. Lactic acid fermentation of fruits has received considerable attention due to its ability to enhance bioactivity. This study investigated the effect of fermentation with L. mesenteroides of juice from the Chilean berry murta on antioxidant activity, release of polyphenols, and inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Three types of juices (natural fruit, freeze-dried, and commercial) were fermented. Total polyphenol content (Folin-Ciocalteu), antioxidant activity (DPPH and ORAC), and the ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes were determined. Fermented murta juices exhibited increased antioxidant activity, as evidenced by higher levels of polyphenols released during fermentation. Inhibition of α-glucosidase was observed in the three fermented juices, although no inhibition of α-amylase was observed; the juice from freeze-dried murta stood out. These findings highlight the potential health benefits of fermented murta juice, particularly its antioxidant properties and the ability to modulate sugar assimilation by inhibiting α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Escobar-Beiza
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioprocess, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 92101, Chile;
| | - José R. Pérez-Correa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioprocess, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 92101, Chile;
| | - Wendy Franco
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioprocess, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 92101, Chile;
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 92101, Chile
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Rinderknecht H, Mayer A, Histing T, Ehnert S, Nüssler A. Herbal Extracts of Ginseng and Maqui Berry Show Only Minimal Effects on an In Vitro Model of Early Fracture Repair of Smokers. Foods 2023; 12:2960. [PMID: 37569229 PMCID: PMC10419284 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a major risk factor for delayed fracture healing, affecting several aspects of early fracture repair, including inflammation, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis. Panax ginseng (GE) and maqui berry extract (MBE) were shown in our previous studies to reduce smoke-induced cellular damage in late bone-healing in vitro models. We aimed here to analyze their effects on the early fracture repair of smokers in a 3D co-culture model of fracture hematomas and endothelial cells. Both extracts did not alter the cellular viability at concentrations of up to 100 µg/mL. In early fracture repair in vitro, they were unable to reduce smoking-induced inflammation and induce osteo- or chondrogenicity. Regarding angiogenesis, smoking-induced stress in HUVECs could not be counteracted by both extracts. Furthermore, smoking-impaired tube formation was not restored by GE but was harmed by MBE. However, GE promoted angiogenesis initiation under smoking conditions via the Angpt/Tie2 axis. To summarize, cigarette smoking strikingly affected early fracture healing processes in vitro, but herbal extracts at the applied doses had only a limited effect. Since both extracts were shown before to be very effective in later stages of fracture healing, our data suggest that their early use immediately after fracture does not appear to negatively impact later beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Nüssler
- Siegfried-Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Center, University of Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany; (H.R.); (A.M.); (T.H.); (S.E.)
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Chacón-Fuentes M, Bardehle L, Seguel I, Espinoza J, Lizama M, Quiroz A. Herbivory Damage Increased VOCs in Wild Relatives of Murtilla Plants Compared to Their First Offspring. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050616. [PMID: 37233657 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Murtilla (Ugni molinae) is a shrub native to Chile that has undergone an incipient domestication process aimed at increasing its productivity. The reduction in intrinsic chemical defenses due to the domestication process has resulted in a decrease in the plant's ability to defend itself against mechanical or insect damage. In response to this damage, plants release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as a means of defense. To understand how domestication has impacted the production of VOCs in the first offspring of murtilla, we hypothesized that their levels would be reduced due to the induction of mechanical and herbivore damage. To test this hypothesis, we collected VOCs from four offspring ecotypes and three wild relatives of murtilla. We induced mechanical and herbivore damage in the plants and then enclosed them in a glass chamber, where we captured the VOCs. We identified 12 compounds using GC-MS. Our results showed that wild relative ecotypes had a higher VOC release rate of 624.6 µg/cm2/day. Herbivore damage was the treatment that produced the highest release of VOCs, with 439.3 µg/cm2/day in wild relatives. These findings suggest that herbivory triggers defenses through the emission of VOCs, and that domestication has influenced the production of these compounds in murtilla. Overall, this study contributes to bridging the gap in the incipient domestication history of murtilla and highlights the importance of considering the impact of domestication on a plant's chemical defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Bardehle
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Ivette Seguel
- Innovalimentos SPA, Gabriela Mistral 02311, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Javier Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Marcelo Lizama
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agroalimentarias y Medioambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Andrés Quiroz
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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Marchant L, Campos J, Luco J, Ramirez C, Barrientos F, Carrasco B, Silva H. Potential of traditional Chilean blood-fleshed peach to support livelihood opportunities in local agriculture. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.820811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-flesh peach or vineyard peach is an older heritage cultivar with juicy red-flesh and tart-sweet flavor. They are popular in France, where more than 200 years ago wine growers used to plant them on the vineyards as biological markers to detect the presence of powdery mildew. It is present in countries such as China, Italy, New Zealand, Australia and USA however, it remains a very rare variety worldwide. In Chile, the blood-flesh peach has a centenary presence in rural orchards where is called “Durazno Betarraga.” Reproduced by seeds, it has pass through generations of family farmers and has been adapted to local environmental conditions. This red-flesh peach is a local variety considered part of their traditional diets, however, cultural changes in food consumption, short postharvest life and water scarcity due to climate change are threatening its conservation. One of the objectives of the International Year of Fruits and Vegetables, as defined by the FAO, is to integrate small holders and family farmers into value chains for sustainable production and consumption of fruits and vegetables recognizing the contributions of farmer's landraces to their food security, nutrition, livelihoods and income. To promote this objective, we present the work we have been carry out for several years with a farming community. We have conducted ethnographic research to provide a qualitative description of the agricultural value of the blood peach in a limited territory of the Maule Region defined as the study area. For the quantitative section of our research we analyzed the antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and total polyphenol content and compared them with those of other fruits. To gather information on the presence of the blood-fleshed peach in other regions of Chile, we used a citizen science approach through social networks. We propose that this local variety is an innovative raw material to develop healthy fruit-based food, thus encouraging its conservation and consumption with a positive social and economic impact for the community and the local food system.
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Pineda A, Arenas A, Balmaceda J, Zúñiga GE. Extracts of Fruits and Plants Cultivated In Vitro of Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz Show Inhibitory Activity of Aldose Reductase and Pancreatic Alpha-Amylase Enzymes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2772. [PMID: 36297800 PMCID: PMC9610771 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aristotelia chilensis is a plant whose fruit is considered a powerful natural antioxidant. During the last years, some investigations of the fruit have been carried out, finding antioxidant properties in the juice or the phenolic fraction. The antioxidant properties of the plant are useful in the inhibition of enzymes related to diabetes such as pancreatic aldose reductase and alpha-amylase. Because many synthetic drugs used today have limitations and potentially harmful side effects, the use of naturally occurring compounds, such as flavonoids, is clinically attractive. In this study, the characterization of aqueous extracts of fruits and in vitro plants of A. chilensis was carried out based on their content of anthocyanins and total phenols, the antioxidant capacity by the antiradical activity 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazil (DPPH), and the profile of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Subsequently, the effect of these extracts on the inhibition of bovine aldose reductase and pancreatic alpha-amylase enzymes was determined. According to our results, extracts of fruits and in vitro plants of A. chilensis achieved inhibition of the bovine aldose reductase enzyme of 85.54 ± 1.86% and 75.67 ± 1.21%, respectively. Likewise, the percentage of inhibition of the pancreatic alpha-amylase enzyme for fruit extracts was 29.64 ± 0.63%, while for in vitro plant extracts it was 47.66 ± 0.66%. The antioxidant and enzymatic inhibition activity of the extracts were related to the content of anthocyanins, such as delphinidin and cyanidin glycosides as well as the phenols derived from quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol. The results obtained allow us to suggest that the in vitro culture of plants of A. chilensis represents a viable biotechnological alternative to obtain phenolic compounds for the inhibition of aldose reductase and pancreatic alpha-amylase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pineda
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 917021, Chile
| | - Andrea Arenas
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 917021, Chile
| | - Juan Balmaceda
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 917021, Chile
| | - Gustavo E. Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 917021, Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), Santiago 917021, Chile
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Influence of Sweeteners (Sucrose, Sucralose, and Stevia) on Bioactive Compounds in a Model System Study for Citrus–Maqui Beverages. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152266. [PMID: 35954034 PMCID: PMC9368535 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, new formulations of beverages with low sugar and high bioactive compound contents are being demanded because of their association with metabolic health. However, the sweeteners’ influences on the bioactive compounds remain underexplored. In this sense, this work aims to evaluate the interactions between different bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, vitamin C, and sweeteners (sucrose, stevia, and sucralose) in a functional citrus–maqui beverage. For this purpose, the phytochemical behavior was studied, in model system solutions, during one-month storage at 4 °C. The results obtained corroborated previous descriptions of the interactions between these compounds. However, when studying the bioactives in the model solutions, the loss of flavanones in the citrus solution increased up to 29%, while anthocyanin losses decreased to 27%. The vitamin C losses ranged from 100% (beverage) to 46% (ascorbic acid solution). Regardless, an influence of the sweeteners was observed. Sucrose reduced the anthocyanin and flavanone losses in both model solutions and the beverage, while sucralose increased flavanone loss. Finally, all sweeteners increased vitamin C degradation (up to 75%) when compared to the model solution. In conclusion, sweeteners added to beverages should be taken into account, depending on the bioactive compounds that should be preserved during storage.
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Velázquez L, Quiñones J, Inostroza K, Sepúlveda G, Díaz R, Scheuermann E, Domínguez R, Lorenzo JM, Velásquez C, Sepúlveda N. Maqui ( Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz): A Natural Antioxidant to Improve Quality of Meat Patties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071405. [PMID: 35883896 PMCID: PMC9312050 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristotelia chilensis is an endemic shrub of the South Pacific with high concentrations of bioactive compounds in its leaves and, therefore, it is highly valued. The effect of Aristotelia chilensis leaf powders (maqui leaf powders; Ma) on the quality and shelf life of beef patties during 7 days of storage was investigated. Five beef patties treatments were prepared: (1) Control without antioxidants (CT); (2) Beef patties with synthetic antioxidants plus color (250 mg/kg) (PL); (3) Beef patties with 500 ppm of maqui leaf powders (Ma500); (4) Beef patties with 1000 ppm of maqui leaf powders (Ma1000); and (5) Beef patties with 2000 ppm of maqui leaf powders (Ma2000). The quality of the beef patties was evaluated on day 0 and day 7 of storage by physicochemical analysis (moisture, ash and lipid content, color, pH, fatty acid profile and lipid oxidation) and organoleptic analysis. The addition of maqui leaf powders did not produce changes in the proximate composition of the beef patties. The pH for all treatments showed a range of 5.50−5.75 and significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed at the beginning and end of storage. The pH of the control beef patties increased during storage while the pH of the beef patties with synthetic and natural antioxidants decreased. Redness (a*) was the color indicator that was mostly affected by the inclusion of 1000 ppm and 2000 ppm powders. High lipid oxidation was observed in control samples on the seventh day of storage due to the high percentage of fat used in the formulation and the absence of any antioxidant. However, the Ma500, Ma1000, and Ma2000 treatments presented the lowest lipid oxidation rates (42.05%, 40.29%, and 43.14%, respectively) in comparison with the synthetic antioxidant (52.23%). This lipid inhibition is related to the strong antioxidant activity (29.75 µg/mL IC50 DPPH) of the maqui leaf powder due to its high content of total polyphenols (148.76 mg GAE/g), mainly characterized by having great amounts of hydroxybenzoic acids (82.5 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (7.1 mg QE/g), and hydroxycinnamic acids (3.7 mg CAE/g). Although minimal variations were observed in some individual fatty acids, and despite the trend to decrease MUFA and increase SFA with the maqui leaf powder addition, these differences were minimal and, according to the nutritional indices results, without any influence on the nutritional quality of the beef patties. The organoleptic analysis showed that the addition of maqui leaf powders did not affect the general acceptability of the new formulations. This study reports for the first time the substitution of synthetic antioxidants with Aristotelia chilensis leaves extract. Based on the results, it can be concluded that this ingredient can be used as an alternative for the production of raw meat products with clean labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiana Velázquez
- Centro de Tecnología e Innovación de la Carne (CTI-Carne), Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (L.V.); (J.Q.); (G.S.); (R.D.); (C.V.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agroalimentarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - John Quiñones
- Centro de Tecnología e Innovación de la Carne (CTI-Carne), Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (L.V.); (J.Q.); (G.S.); (R.D.); (C.V.)
| | - Karla Inostroza
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Gastón Sepúlveda
- Centro de Tecnología e Innovación de la Carne (CTI-Carne), Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (L.V.); (J.Q.); (G.S.); (R.D.); (C.V.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agroalimentarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Rommy Díaz
- Centro de Tecnología e Innovación de la Carne (CTI-Carne), Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (L.V.); (J.Q.); (G.S.); (R.D.); (C.V.)
| | - Erick Scheuermann
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Rubén Domínguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain;
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain;
- Área de Tecnoloxía dos Alimentos, Facultade de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Carla Velásquez
- Centro de Tecnología e Innovación de la Carne (CTI-Carne), Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (L.V.); (J.Q.); (G.S.); (R.D.); (C.V.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agroalimentarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Néstor Sepúlveda
- Centro de Tecnología e Innovación de la Carne (CTI-Carne), Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (L.V.); (J.Q.); (G.S.); (R.D.); (C.V.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.L.); (N.S.)
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Crisóstomo-Ayala KA, Sabater-Jara AB, Pérez Manriquez C, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo Á, Pedreño MÁ, Hernández de la Torre M, Sanchez-Olate M, Ríos Leal DG. Comparative Study of Metabolomic Profile and Antioxidant Content of Adult and In Vitro Leaves of Aristotelia chilensis. PLANTS 2021; 11:plants11010037. [PMID: 35009040 PMCID: PMC8747544 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to identify the bioactive compounds present in adult maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) leaves from different stages of development and seasons of the year and compare them with leaves obtained from maqui plants grown in vitro. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of maqui leaf extracts by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn showed the presence of different polyphenolic compounds classified into galloyl and caffeoyl quinic acids, ellagitannins and ellagic acid- and flavonoid-derivatives. In general, the total phenolic content of the in vitro samples was higher than that of ex vitro samples, whereas the total flavonoid content was higher in winter basal leaves. Additionally, the analysis by HPLC-MS showed that the extract from spring basal leaves was enriched in quercetin, catechin, kaempferol and 3-caffeoyl quinic acids, while in the in vitro leaves extract, quercetin was not present. As regards lipophilic compounds identified by GC/MS, the samples of in vitro leaves showed a high presence of α-tocopherol and β-sitosterol. In contrast, the samples of adult leaves presented a hight level of linolenic and linoleic acids. These results suggest that maqui leaves could be an excellent source of antioxidants and lipophilic compounds for many industries, such as the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Andrea Crisóstomo-Ayala
- Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-C-Correo 3, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (M.H.d.l.T.); (M.S.-O.); (D.G.R.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Belén Sabater-Jara
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.B.S.-J.); (M.Á.P.)
| | - Claudia Pérez Manriquez
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion 4030000, Chile;
| | - Federico Ferreres
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation (REM) Group, Campus Los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica de Murcia, UCAM, s/n, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Maria Ángeles Pedreño
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.B.S.-J.); (M.Á.P.)
| | - Martha Hernández de la Torre
- Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-C-Correo 3, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (M.H.d.l.T.); (M.S.-O.); (D.G.R.L.)
| | - Manuel Sanchez-Olate
- Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-C-Correo 3, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (M.H.d.l.T.); (M.S.-O.); (D.G.R.L.)
| | - Darcy Graciela Ríos Leal
- Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-C-Correo 3, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (M.H.d.l.T.); (M.S.-O.); (D.G.R.L.)
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Lanuza F, Zamora-Ros R, Petermann-Rocha F, Martínez-Sanguinetti MA, Troncoso-Pantoja C, Labraña AM, Leiva-Ordoñez AM, Nazar G, Ramírez-Alarcón K, Ulloa N, Lasserre-Laso N, Parra-Soto S, Martorell M, Villagrán M, Garcia-Diaz DF, Andrés-Lacueva C, Celis-Morales C. Advances in Polyphenol Research from Chile: A Literature Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2009508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Lanuza
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Epidemiología Cardiovascular y Nutricional (EPICYN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - R Zamora-Ros
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Petermann-Rocha
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - C Troncoso-Pantoja
- Centro de Investigación en Educación y Desarrollo (CIEDE-UCSC), Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - AM Labraña
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - AM Leiva-Ordoñez
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - G Nazar
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, y Centro de Vida Saludable. Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - K Ramírez-Alarcón
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - N Ulloa
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, y Centro de Vida Saludable, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - N Lasserre-Laso
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Ángeles, Chile
| | - S Parra-Soto
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Martorell
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - M Villagrán
- Department of Basic Science, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - DF Garcia-Diaz
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027 Santiago, Chile
| | - C Andrés-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Celis-Morales
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio (CIFE), Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Grupo de Estudio en Educación, Actividad Física y Salud (GEEAFyS), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
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Apak R, Calokerinos A, Gorinstein S, Segundo MA, Hibbert DB, Gülçin İ, Demirci Çekiç S, Güçlü K, Özyürek M, Çelik SE, Magalhães LM, Arancibia-Avila P. Methods to evaluate the scavenging activity of antioxidants toward reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2020-0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This project was aimed to identify the quenching chemistry of biologically important reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS, including radicals), to show antioxidant action against reactive species through H‐atom and electron transfer reactions, and to evaluate the ROS/RNS scavenging activity of antioxidants with existing analytical methods while emphasizing the underlying chemical principles and advantages/disadvantages of these methods. In this report, we focused on the applications and impact of existing assays on potentiating future research and innovations to evolve better methods enabling a more comprehensive study of different aspects of antioxidants and to provide a vocabulary of terms related to antioxidants and scavengers for ROS/RNS. The main methods comprise the scavenging activity measurement of the hydroxyl radical (•OH), dioxide(•1–) (O2
•–: commonly known as the superoxide radical), dihydrogen dioxide (H2O2: commonly known as hydrogen peroxide), hydroxidochlorine (HOCl: commonly known as hypochlorous acid), dioxidooxidonitrate(1–) (ONOO−: commonly known as the peroxynitrite anion), and the peroxyl radical (ROO•). In spite of the diversity of methods, there is currently a great need to evaluate the scavenging activity of antioxidant compounds in vivo and in vitro. In addition, there are unsatisfactory methods frequently used, such as non-selective UV measurement of H2O2 scavenging, producing negative errors due to incomplete reaction of peroxide with flavonoids in the absence of transition metal ion catalysts. We also discussed the basic mechanisms of spectroscopic and electrochemical nanosensors for measuring ROS/RNS scavenging activity of antioxidants, together with leading trends and challenges and a wide range of applications. This project aids in the identification of reactive species and quantification of scavenging extents of antioxidants through various assays, makes the results comparable and more understandable, and brings a more rational basis to the evaluation of these assays and provides a critical evaluation of existing ROS/RNS scavenging assays to analytical, food chemical, and biomedical/clinical communities by emphasizing the need for developing more refined, rapid, simple, and low‐cost assays and thus opening the market for a wide range of analytical instruments, including reagent kits and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry , Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering , Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Antony Calokerinos
- Department of Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Sciences , Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens , Greece
| | - Shela Gorinstein
- The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Marcela Alves Segundo
- Department of Chemical Sciences , LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto , Portugal
| | - David Brynn Hibbert
- New South Wales University, School of Chemistry , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Sema Demirci Çekiç
- Department of Chemistry , Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering , Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Kubilay Güçlü
- Department of Chemistry , Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences , Aydın , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özyürek
- Department of Chemistry , Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering , Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Saliha Esin Çelik
- Department of Chemistry , Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering , Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Luís M. Magalhães
- Department of Chemical Sciences , LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto , Portugal
| | - Patricia Arancibia-Avila
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas , Laboratorio de Ecofisiología y Microalgas, Universidad del Bio-Bio , Chillán , Chile
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de Armas-Ricard M, Quinán-Cárdenas F, Sanhueza H, Pérez-Vidal R, Mayorga-Lobos C, Ramírez-Rodríguez O. Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Seven Native Species Growing in the Forests of Southern Chilean Patagonia. Molecules 2021; 26:6722. [PMID: 34771130 PMCID: PMC8587661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Nothofagus is one of the most abundant in the subantarctic Patagonian forests. Five species inhabit these ecosystems, three evergreen (Nothofagus betuloides, Nothofagus dombeyi, and Nothofagus nitida) and two deciduous (Nothofagus pumilio and Nothofagus antarctica). This is the first report on the levels of secondary metabolites and the antioxidant capacity of Patagonian tree species growing in natural environments. The aim of this work was to carry out a phytochemical screening, to determine the antioxidant capacity, the sun protection factor, and the α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of foliar extracts of the five previous species. Besides, Aristotelia chilensis and Berberis microphylla, two species of Patagonian shrubs growing in the same forests, were used as reference. N. dombeyi was the Nothofagus with the best antioxidant capacity. B. microphylla differed from all studied species. Moreover, the Nothofagus was split into two groups. N. betuloides and N. dombeyi are the most similar species to A. chilensis. The α-glucosidase was completely inhibited by all studied extracts. Furthermore, N. antarctica, N.pumilio, and N. nitida inhibited about 70% of the tyrosinase activity. All the results found in this study for the species of the genus Nothofagus support further research on their potential beneficial properties for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merly de Armas-Ricard
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Campus Lillo, University of Aysén. Eusebio Lillo 667, Coyhaique 5951537, Chile; (F.Q.-C.); (H.S.); (R.P.-V.); (C.M.-L.)
- Campus Patagonia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Camino a Coyhaique Alto Km. 4, Coyhaique 5950000, Chile
| | - Francisco Quinán-Cárdenas
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Campus Lillo, University of Aysén. Eusebio Lillo 667, Coyhaique 5951537, Chile; (F.Q.-C.); (H.S.); (R.P.-V.); (C.M.-L.)
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Harold Sanhueza
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Campus Lillo, University of Aysén. Eusebio Lillo 667, Coyhaique 5951537, Chile; (F.Q.-C.); (H.S.); (R.P.-V.); (C.M.-L.)
| | - Rodrigo Pérez-Vidal
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Campus Lillo, University of Aysén. Eusebio Lillo 667, Coyhaique 5951537, Chile; (F.Q.-C.); (H.S.); (R.P.-V.); (C.M.-L.)
| | - Cristina Mayorga-Lobos
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Campus Lillo, University of Aysén. Eusebio Lillo 667, Coyhaique 5951537, Chile; (F.Q.-C.); (H.S.); (R.P.-V.); (C.M.-L.)
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Oney Ramírez-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Campus Lillo, University of Aysén. Eusebio Lillo 667, Coyhaique 5951537, Chile; (F.Q.-C.); (H.S.); (R.P.-V.); (C.M.-L.)
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Bianchi A, R. Rivera-Tovar P, Sanz V, Ferreira-Anta T, Torres MD, Pérez-Correa JR, Domínguez H. Pressurized Hot Water Extraction and Bio-Hydrogels Formulation with Aristotelia chilensis [Mol.] Stuntz Leaves. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216402. [PMID: 34770811 PMCID: PMC8586920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristotelia chilensis is a plant rich in phenolics and other bioactive compounds. Their leaves are discarded as waste in the maqui berry industry. A new application of these wastes is intended by the recovery of bioactive compounds using pressurized hot water extraction with conventional or microwave heating. Both technologies have been selected for their green character regarding the type of solvent and the high efficiency in shorter operation times. Extractions were performed in the temperature range 140–200 °C with a solid/liquid ratio of 1:15 (w:w). The extracts’ total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and saccharides content obtained with both heating methods were measured. Additionally, the thermo-rheological properties of the gelling matrix enriched with these extracts were analyzed. Optimum conditions for lyophilized extracts were found with conventional heating, at 140 °C and 20 min extraction; 250.0 mg GAE/g dry extract and 1321.5 mg Trolox/g dry extract. Close to optimum performance was achieved with microwave heating in a fraction of the time (5 min) at 160 °C (extraction), yielding extracts with 231.9 mg GAE/g dry extract of total phenolics and antiradical capacity equivalent to 1176.3 mg Trolox/g dry extract. Slightly higher antioxidant values were identified for spray-dried extracts (between 5% for phenolic content and 2.5% for antioxidant capacity). The extracts obtained with both heating methods at 200 °C contained more than 20% oligosaccharides, primarily glucose. All the formulated gelling matrices enriched with the obtained extracts displayed intermediate gel strength properties. The tested technologies efficiently recovered highly active antioxidant extracts, rich in polyphenolics, and valuable for formulating gelling matrices with potential applicability in foods and other products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Bianchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.B.); (V.S.); (T.F.-A.)
- EPF–School of Engineering, 21 Boulevard Berthelot, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Pamela R. Rivera-Tovar
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (P.R.R.-T.); (J.R.P.-C.)
| | - Vanesa Sanz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.B.); (V.S.); (T.F.-A.)
| | - Tania Ferreira-Anta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.B.); (V.S.); (T.F.-A.)
| | - María Dolores Torres
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.B.); (V.S.); (T.F.-A.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.T.); (H.D.)
| | - José Ricardo Pérez-Correa
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (P.R.R.-T.); (J.R.P.-C.)
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.B.); (V.S.); (T.F.-A.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.T.); (H.D.)
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Hefny Gad M, Demeyer K, Vander Heyden Y, Mangelings D. Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Activities versus UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS Chemical-Profile Analysis of Ipomoea aquatica Fractions. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:1089-1100. [PMID: 34359082 DOI: 10.1055/a-1554-2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ipomoea aquatica is a common green leafy vegetable that has numerous uses in traditional medicine. This study focused on the determination of the cytotoxic, antiradical, and antidiabetic properties of various fractions of the I. aquatica methanolic extract, as well as on the tentative identification of some bioactive compounds in the same fractions. The cytotoxicity was determined by the brine shrimp lethal test. The antioxidant activities of the I. aquatica fractions were investigated through 3 assays. The antidiabetic activity (in vitro) was measured by α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition assays. Phytochemical qualitative analyses demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols, and flavonoids in the ethyl acetate-methanol and methanol fractions. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were found to be highest in the ethyl acetate-MeOH fractions. The evaluation of the cytotoxicity showed that the hexane-dichloromethane fraction is the most toxic, while the others are moderately toxic. The antioxidant activity assays showed that the ethyl acetate-MeOH fractions are the most potent, while the α-glucosidase and α-amylase assays revealed that the hexane-dichloromethane fraction might contain a potent antidiabetic agent. Some bioactive substances in the MeOH fractions, such as salicylic acid glucoside, 1-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucose derivative, and dihydroferulic acid derivative, were tentatively identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to detect and identify these compounds in this species. Based on the results of this study, it may be concluded that I. aquatica is a potent antioxidant agent and could be a good candidate as a natural antioxidant in food and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Hefny Gad
- Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Horticulture Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kristiaan Demeyer
- Experimental In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Debby Mangelings
- Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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Natural Antioxidants from Endemic Leaves in the Elaboration of Processed Meat Products: Current Status. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091396. [PMID: 34573028 PMCID: PMC8466473 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last few years, consumers' demand for animal protein and healthier meat products has increased considerably. This has motivated researchers of the meat industry to create products that present healthier components while maintaining their safety, sensory characteristics, and shelf life. Concerning this, natural plant extracts have gained prominence because they can act as antioxidants and antimicrobials, increasing the stability and shelf life of processed meat products. It has been observed that the leaves of plant species (Moringa oleifera, Bidens pilosa, Eugenia uniflora, Olea europea, Prunus cerasus, Ribes nigrum, etc.) have a higher concentration and variety of polyphenols than other parts of the plants, such as fruits and stems. In Chile, there are two native berries, maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) and murtilla (Ugni molinae Turcz), that that stand out for their high concentrations of polyphenols. Recently, their polyphenols have been characterized, demonstrating their potential antioxidant and antimicrobial action and their bioactive action at cellular level. However, to date, there is little information on their use in the elaboration of meat products. Therefore, the objective of this review is to compile the most current data on the use of polyphenols from leaves of native plants in the elaboration of meat products and their effect on the oxidation, stability, and organoleptic characteristics during the shelf life of these products.
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Glycoside Hydrolases and Non-Enzymatic Glycation Inhibitory Potential of Viburnum opulus L. Fruit-In Vitro Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060989. [PMID: 34205673 PMCID: PMC8235151 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals of various origins are of great interest for their antidiabetic potential. In the present study, the inhibitory effects against carbohydrate digestive enzymes and non-enzymatic glycation, antioxidant capacity, and phenolic compounds composition of Viburnum opulus L. fruits have been studied. Crude extract (CE), purified extract (PE), and ethyl acetate (PEAF) and water (PEWF) fractions of PE were used in enzymatic assays to evaluate their inhibitory potential against α-amylase with potato and rice starch as substrate, α-glucosidase using maltose and sucrose as substrate, the antioxidant capacity (ABTS, ORAC and FRAP assays), antiglycation (BSA-fructose and BSA-glucose model) properties. Among four tested samples, PEAF not only had the highest content of total phenolics, but also possessed the strongest α-glucosidase inhibition, antiglycation and antioxidant activities. UPLC analysis revealed that this fraction contained mainly chlorogenic acid, proanthocyanidin oligomers and flavalignans. Contrary, the anti-amylase activity of V. opulus fruits probably occurs due to the presence of proanthocyanidin polymers and chlorogenic acids, especially dicaffeoylquinic acids present in PEWF. All V. opulus samples have an uncompetitive and mixed type inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Considering strong anti-glucosidase, antioxidant and antiglycation activities, V. opulus fruits may find promising applications in nutraceuticals and functional foods with antidiabetic activity.
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Ortiz T, Argüelles-Arias F, Begines B, García-Montes JM, Pereira A, Victoriano M, Vázquez-Román V, Pérez Bernal JL, Callejón RM, De-Miguel M, Alcudia A. Native Chilean Berries Preservation and In Vitro Studies of a Polyphenol Highly Antioxidant Extract from Maqui as a Potential Agent against Inflammatory Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060843. [PMID: 34070392 PMCID: PMC8226669 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The best conservation method for native Chilean berries has been investigated in combination with an implemented large-scale extract of maqui berry, rich in total polyphenols and anthocyanin to be tested in intestinal epithelial and immune cells. The methanolic extract was obtained from lyophilized and analyzed maqui berries using Folin–Ciocalteu to quantify the total polyphenol content, as well as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) to measure the antioxidant capacity. Determination of maqui’s anthocyanins profile was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-MS/MS). Viability, cytotoxicity, and percent oxidation in epithelial colon cells (HT-29) and macrophages cells (RAW 264.7) were evaluated. In conclusion, preservation studies confirmed that the maqui properties and composition in fresh or frozen conditions are preserved and a more efficient and convenient extraction methodology was achieved. In vitro studies of epithelial cells have shown that this extract has a powerful antioxidant strength exhibiting a dose-dependent behavior. When lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-macrophages were activated, noncytotoxic effects were observed, and a relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation response was demonstrated. The maqui extract along with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) have a synergistic effect. All of the compiled data pointed out to the use of this extract as a potential nutraceutical agent with physiological benefits for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Ortiz
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Sánchez-Pizjuán s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (T.O.); (V.V.-R.)
| | - Federico Argüelles-Arias
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Sánchez-Pizjuán s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (F.A.-A.); (J.-M.G.-M.)
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, c/Dr. Fedriani nº 3, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Belén Begines
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Prof García González nº 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Josefa-María García-Montes
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Sánchez-Pizjuán s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (F.A.-A.); (J.-M.G.-M.)
| | - Alejandra Pereira
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Desarrollo Concepción Barrios Arana1735, Concepción 4070146, Chile;
| | - Montserrat Victoriano
- Departamento de Nutricion y Dietetica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile. Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción 4070146, Chile;
| | - Victoria Vázquez-Román
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Sánchez-Pizjuán s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (T.O.); (V.V.-R.)
| | - Juan Luis Pérez Bernal
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Prof García González nº 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Raquel M. Callejón
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Prof García González nº 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Manuel De-Miguel
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Sánchez-Pizjuán s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (T.O.); (V.V.-R.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.-M.); (A.A.); Tel.: +34-955-421-025 (M.D.-M.); +34-954-556-740 (A.A.)
| | - Ana Alcudia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Prof García González nº 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.D.-M.); (A.A.); Tel.: +34-955-421-025 (M.D.-M.); +34-954-556-740 (A.A.)
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Salehi B, Sharifi-Rad J, Herrera-Bravo J, Salazar LA, Delporte C, Barra GV, Cazar Ramirez ME, López MD, Ramírez-Alarcón K, Cruz-Martins N, Martorell M. Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Native Chilean Plants. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:953-970. [PMID: 33234091 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201124105623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The native flora of Chile has unique characteristics due to the geographical situation of the country, with the vast desert in the North, Patagonia in the South, the Andean Mountains on the east and the Pacific Ocean on the west. This exclusivity is reflected in high concentrations of phytochemicals in the fruits and leaves of its native plants. Some examples are Aristotelia chilensis (Molina), Stuntz (maqui), Berberis microphylla G. Forst. (calafate), Peumus boldus Molina (boldo), Ribes magellanicum Poir. (Magellan currant), Ugni molinae Turcz. (murtilla), Rubus geoides Sm. (miñe miñe), Drimys winteri J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (canelo), Luma apiculata (DC.) Burret (arrayán) distributed throughout the entire Chilean territory. Some of these Chilean plants have been used for centuries in the country's traditional medicine. The most recent studies of phytochemical characterization of parts of Chilean plants show a wide spectrum of antioxidant compounds, phenolic components, terpenoids and alkaloids, which have shown biological activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies. This manuscript covers the entire Chilean territory characterizing the phytochemical profile and reporting some of its biological properties, focusing mainly on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, chemopreventive and cytotoxic activity, and potential against diabetes, metabolic syndrome and gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
| | - Luis A Salazar
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
| | - Carla Delporte
- Departamento de Quimica Farmacologica y Toxicologica, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Valenzuela Barra
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago 1, Chile
| | - Maria-Elena Cazar Ramirez
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Group, Universidad de Cuenca. Department of Applied Chemistry and Production Systems. Chemical Sciences Faculty. Av. 12 de Abril s/n, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Maria Dolores López
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de Concepción, Avenida Vicente Mendez, 595, Chillán 3812120, Chile
| | - Karina Ramírez-Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, 4070386 Concepcion, VIII-Bio Bio Region, Chile
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, 4070386 Concepcion, VIII-Bio Bio Region, Chile
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Flores M, Reyes-García L, Ortiz-Viedma J, Romero N, Vilcanqui Y, Rogel C, Echeverría J, Forero-Doria O. Thermal Behavior Improvement of Fortified Commercial Avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) Oil with Maqui ( Aristotelia chilensis) Leaf Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:664. [PMID: 33923315 PMCID: PMC8145251 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Avocado oil is considered a highly prized food due to its nutritional contribution. On the other hand, Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz (Elaeocarpaceae), common name "maqui", is an endemic fruit in Chile, well known for its exceptional antioxidant properties. In general, maqui by-products such as leaves are considered as waste. Thus, maqui leaves extracts were used to improve the stability of vegetable oils, particularly avocado oil. Hence, avocado oil was fortified with two extracts (ethyl ether and methanol) obtained of maqui leaves and exposed to 120 °C for 386 h in an oven. The results showed a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids (69.46%, mainly oleic acid), followed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (16.41%, mainly linoleic acid) and finally saturated fatty acids (14.13%). The concentration of the total phenolic compounds in the pure oil, ethyl ether and methanol maqui leaves extracts were 45.8, 83.7, and 4100.9 ppm, respectively. In addition, the antioxidant activity was 5091.6 and 19,452.5 µmol Trolox eq/g for the ethyl ether and methanol extracts, respectively. The secondary degradation compounds showed significant differences between the fortified and non-fortified samples after 144 h and the TG/DTG analysis showed a significant increment of 7 °C in the degradation temperature (Tonset) of avocado oil fortified with the methanol extract when compared to the non-fortified oil and fortified oil with ethyl ether extract. After heating for 336 h, fortified oil with methanol extract reached the limit percentages of polar compounds, while pure oil reached it in a shorter time, i.e., 240 h. Based on the results, avocado oil can be protected with natural additives such as extracts obtained from maqui leaves, leading to an increase in its thermo-oxidative stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Luis Reyes-García
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Jaime Ortiz-Viedma
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.O.-V.); (N.R.)
| | - Nalda Romero
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.O.-V.); (N.R.)
| | - Yesica Vilcanqui
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash S/N, Moquegua 18001, Peru;
| | - Cristian Rogel
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología Universidad Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
| | - Oscar Forero-Doria
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología Universidad Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
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López J, Vera C, Bustos R, Florez-Mendez J. Native berries of Chile: a comprehensive review on nutritional aspects, functional properties, and potential health benefits. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Rivera-Tovar PR, Torres MD, Camilo C, Mariotti-Celis MS, Domínguez H, Pérez-Correa JR. Multi-response optimal hot pressurized liquid recovery of extractable polyphenols from leaves of maqui (Aristotelia chilensis [Mol.] Stuntz). Food Chem 2021; 357:129729. [PMID: 33984739 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multi-response optimization of hot pressurized liquid extraction (HPLE) was applied for the first time to obtain maqui (Aristotelia chilensis [Mol.] Stuntz) leaf extracts. The total polyphenol content (TPC), the antioxidant capacity (AC) as well as the total polyphenol purity of the maqui leaf extracts were accurately predicted (RSD < 8%) at the evaluated extraction scales. The optimum HPLE conditions that prioritized TPC and AC equally (OPT1) recovered ~3 times more TPC (205.14 mg GAE/g leaves) than maqui leaf extracts obtained by maceration, while the extract that prioritized purity over TPC and AC presented the highest purity (36.29%) and an EC50 ~3 times lower than currently reported values. It was found by multi-response optimization that maqui leaves and HPLE are among the best natural sources and extraction techniques, respectively, to recover protocatechuic acid, quercetin, and catechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Raquel Rivera-Tovar
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - María Dolores Torres
- CINBIO, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Conrado Camilo
- Centro de Aromas y Sabores (DICTUC S.A.), Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | | | - Herminia Domínguez
- CINBIO, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - José Ricardo Pérez-Correa
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
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Vega-Galvez A, Rodríguez A, Stucken K. Antioxidant, functional properties and health-promoting potential of native South American berries: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:364-378. [PMID: 32608511 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays berries are globally recognized to be among the healthiest foods because they contain diverse and abundant bioactive compounds. Among these are phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, which are known to have beneficial health effects. South America, particularly southern Chile, is covered by a diversity of insufficiently studied and underexploited native berry species. In this review we summarize all the available literature on the phenolic composition, antioxidant activity, bioaccessibility, and biological activity of five native South American berries: calafate, maqui, murta, arrayán, and chequén. The potential of these native berries for promoting human health and as source of bioactive substances is remarkable. Bioactive compounds, mainly anthocyanins, and in less abundance flavonoids and phenolic acids, show strong antioxidant effects. Some of these constituents are bioaccessible and bioavailable, and exert anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities as well as inhibitory effects against enzymes involved in metabolic syndromes. Given the potential of native South American berries to promote health, more work is still needed to understand fully the potential beneficial effects of the consumption of these berries on human health. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vega-Galvez
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Angela Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Karina Stucken
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
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26
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Lankatillake C, Luo S, Flavel M, Lenon GB, Gill H, Huynh T, Dias DA. Screening natural product extracts for potential enzyme inhibitors: protocols, and the standardisation of the usage of blanks in α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase assays. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:3. [PMID: 33407662 PMCID: PMC7789656 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzyme assays have widespread applications in drug discovery from plants to natural products. The appropriate use of blanks in enzyme assays is important for assay baseline-correction, and the correction of false signals associated with background matrix interferences. However, the blank-correction procedures reported in published literature are highly inconsistent. We investigated the influence of using different types of blanks on the final calculated activity/inhibition results for three enzymes of significance in diabetes and obesity; α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and lipase. This is the first study to examine how different blank-correcting methods affect enzyme assay results. Although assays targeting the above enzymes are common in the literature, there is a scarcity of detailed published protocols. Therefore, we have provided comprehensive, step-by-step protocols for α-glucosidase-, α-amylase- and lipase-inhibition assays that can be performed in 96-well format in a simple, fast, and resource-efficient manner with clear instructions for blank-correction and calculation of results. RESULTS In the three assays analysed here, using only a buffer blank underestimated the enzyme inhibitory potential of the test sample. In the absorbance-based α-glucosidase assay, enzyme inhibition was underestimated when a sample blank was omitted for the coloured plant extracts. Similarly, in the fluorescence-based α-amylase and lipase assays, enzyme inhibition was underestimated when a substrate blank was omitted. For all three assays, method six [Raw Data - (Substrate + Sample Blank)] enabled the correction of interferences due to the buffer, sample, and substrate without double-blanking, and eliminated the need to add substrate to each sample blank. CONCLUSION The choice of blanks and blank-correction methods contribute to the variability of assay results and the likelihood of underestimating the enzyme inhibitory potential of a test sample. This highlights the importance of standardising the use of blanks and the reporting of blank-correction procedures in published studies in order to ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of results, and avoid overlooked opportunities in drug discovery research due to inadvertent underestimation of enzyme inhibitory potential of test samples resulting from unsuitable blank-correction. Based on our assessments, we recommend method six [RD - (Su + SaB)] as a suitable method for blank-correction of raw data in enzyme assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintha Lankatillake
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Australia
| | - Shiqi Luo
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Australia
| | - Matthew Flavel
- TPM Bioactives Division, The Product Makers Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George Binh Lenon
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Australia
| | - Harsharn Gill
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Australia
| | - Tien Huynh
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Australia
| | - Daniel Anthony Dias
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Australia.
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Başyiğit B, Dağhan Ş, Karaaslan M. Biochemical, compositional, and spectral analyses of İsot (Urfa pepper) seed oil and evaluation of its functional characteristics. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2020. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0915192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the physicochemical, functional, and antimicrobial properties of pepper seed oil (PSO) were determined. PSO was subjected to differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), fatty acid composition, carotenoid, capsaicin, and tocopherol analyses. LC-ESI-MS/MS and NMR were used to characterize and quantify phytochemicals. Resveratrol, luteolin, and 4-hydroxycinnamic acid were the principal phenolics in PSO. A high concentration of unsaturated fatty acids (85.3%), especially linoleic acid (73.7%) is present in PSO. Capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, α-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, zeaxanthin, and capsanthin were determined in PSO at concentrations of 762.92, 725.73, 62.40, 643.23, 29.51, 16.83 ppm, respectively. PSO displayed inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase rather than α-amylase. The antimicrobial activity of PSO was tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, Aspergillus brasiliensis and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial potential of PSO was expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and inhibition zone (IZ) diameter. Polyunsaturated fatty acid, capsaicin, carotenoid, tocopherol, resveratrol contents; the antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of PSO indicated its nutritional value and health promoting nature for the well-being of humans.
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Jara-Moreno D, Riveros AL, Barriga A, Kogan MJ, Delporte C. Inhibition of β-amyloid Aggregation of Ugni molinae Extracts. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1365-1376. [PMID: 31931693 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200113160840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The β-amyloid peptide (1-42) is a molecule capable of aggregating into neurotoxic structures that have been implicated as potential etiological factors of Alzheimer's Disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibition of β-amyloid aggregation of ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts obtained from Ugni molinae leaves on neurotoxic actions of β-amyloid aggregates. Chemical analyses were carried out with the extracts in order to determine their phenolic profile and its quantification. Both extracts showed a tendency to reduce neuronal deaths caused by β-amyloid. This tendency was inversely proportional to the evaluated concentrations. Moreover, the effect of EAE and ETE on β-amyloid aggregation was studied by fluorimetric T Thioflavin assay and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM); the extracts showed a modulation in the aggregation process. Partly, it is believed that these effects can be attributed to the polyphenolic compounds present in the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jara-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Quimica Farmacologica y Toxicologica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile. Sergio Livingston 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile.,Laboratorio de Nanobiotecnología y Nanotoxicología, Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile. Sergio Livingston 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile.,Centro Avanzado de Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIs), Universidad de Chile. Sergio Livingston 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Ana L Riveros
- Laboratorio de Nanobiotecnología y Nanotoxicología, Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile. Sergio Livingston 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile.,Centro Avanzado de Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIs), Universidad de Chile. Sergio Livingston 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Andrés Barriga
- Unidad de espectrometria de masas, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile. Sergio Livingston 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Laboratorio de Nanobiotecnología y Nanotoxicología, Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile. Sergio Livingston 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile.,Centro Avanzado de Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIs), Universidad de Chile. Sergio Livingston 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Carla Delporte
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Quimica Farmacologica y Toxicologica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile. Sergio Livingston 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile
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Evaluation of Color, Texture, Sensory and Antioxidant Properties of Gels Composed of Freeze-Dried Maqui Berries and Agave Sugar. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8101294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the textural, sensory, and antioxidant properties of gels composed of maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) berries. These freeze-dried berries were tested in a powdered form as an additive (0–5%) to agave sugar (20%) gels. Freeze-dried maqui powdered berries were dark purple to almost black in color and were characterized by an L* value of 16.3, an a* value of 8.3, and a b* value of −9.6. The b* values decreased from 11.8 to 2.3 with the increase in the amount of berry powder. There were no significant changes in the color of gels composed of berries at 4% and 5% concentration. Gels lost (almost twice) their hardness as the amount of maqui increased. The lowest values of hardness and the highest values of elasticity, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness were observed at 4% concentration of dried berries. The type of sugar did not affect the lightness of the gels (L* parameter) and the a* value. The assessors evaluated the gels composed of agave sugar (20%) and 4% maqui and 0.5% citric acid to be the best. Phenolic content and antioxidant activity were significantly higher in these gels compared to the control gels. After obtaining this low sugar gels, consumers could enrich their diets with healthier products.
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Ethnopharmacology, Therapeutic Properties and Nutritional Potentials of Carpobrotus edulis: A Comprehensive Review. Sci Pharm 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm88030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carpobrotus edulis, formerly known as Mesembryanthemum edule L, belongs to the Aizoaceae family of plants. It is a facultative halophytic invasive medicinal and edible succulent plant that is native to South Africa and is distributed worldwide. Hitherto, this plant appears to be mainly known for its ornamental use in decorations, soil stabilization, and erosion control, and not for its many potential medicinal and nutritional benefits, thus suggesting its underutilization. This review presents cogent and comprehensive information on the distribution, ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and nutritional value of Carpobrotus edulis and provides the rationale for further pharmacognostic research that will validate its many folkloric medicinal and nutraceutical claims, and promote its standardization into a commercially available product. The reported traditional use of this plant for the treatment of sinusitis, diarrhoea, tuberculosis, infantile eczema, fungal and bacterial infections, oral and vaginal thrush, high blood pressure, diabetes, wound infections, spider and tick bites, sore throat as well as mouth infections are well documented. Its therapeutic activities such as anti-proliferative, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, and nutritional value have also been reported to be attributable to the array of phytoconstituents present in the plant. These have promoted renewed research interests into this valuable medicinal plant with a view to repositioning and expanding its uses from the current predominantly ornamental and environmental management role to include phytotherapeutical applications through scientific validation studies that will improve its value for the drug discovery process as well as its contribution to food security.
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Hameed A, Galli M, Adamska-Patruno E, Krętowski A, Ciborowski M. Select Polyphenol-Rich Berry Consumption to Defer or Deter Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2538. [PMID: 32825710 PMCID: PMC7551116 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Berries are considered "promising functional fruits" due to their distinct and ubiquitous therapeutic contents of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, flavanols, alkaloids, polysaccharides, hydroxycinnamic, ellagic acid derivatives, and organic acids. These polyphenols are part of berries and the human diet, and evidence suggests that their intake is associated with a reduced risk or the reversal of metabolic pathophysiologies related to diabetes, obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypertension. This work reviewed and summarized both clinical and non-clinical findings that the consumption of berries, berry extracts, purified compounds, juices, jams, jellies, and other berry byproducts aided in the prevention and or otherwise management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related complications. The integration of berries and berries-derived byproducts into high-carbohydrate (HCD) and high-fat (HFD) diets, also reversed/reduced the HCD/HFD-induced alterations in glucose metabolism-related pathways, and markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid oxidation in healthy/obese/diabetic subjects. The berry polyphenols also modulate the intestinal microflora ecology by opposing the diabetic and obesity rendered symbolic reduction of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction-restoring bacteria, short-chain fatty acids, and organic acid producing microflora. All studies proposed a number of potential mechanisms of action of respective berry bioactive compounds, although further mechanistic and molecular studies are warranted. The metabolic profiling of each berry is also included to provide up-to-date information regarding the potential anti-oxidative/antidiabetic constituents of each berry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Hameed
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (A.H.); (E.A.-P.); (A.K.)
| | - Mauro Galli
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (A.H.); (E.A.-P.); (A.K.)
| | - Adam Krętowski
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (A.H.); (E.A.-P.); (A.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (A.H.); (E.A.-P.); (A.K.)
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Ortiz T, Argüelles-Arias F, Illanes M, García-Montes JM, Talero E, Macías-García L, Alcudia A, Vázquez-Román V, Motilva V, De-Miguel M. Polyphenolic Maqui Extract as a Potential Nutraceutical to Treat TNBS-Induced Crohn's Disease by the Regulation of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061752. [PMID: 32545398 PMCID: PMC7353344 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals include a wide variety of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, which have been highlighted for their remarkable health benefits. Specially, maqui berries have shown great antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects on some inflammatory diseases. The objectives of the present study were to explore the therapeutic effects of maqui berries on acute-phase inflammation in Crohn’s disease. Balb/c mice were exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) via intracolonic administration. Polyphenolic maqui extract (Ach) was administered orally daily for 4 days after TNBS induction (Curative Group), and for 7 days prior to the TNBS induction until sacrifice (Preventive Group). Our results showed that both preventive and curative Ach administration inhibited body weight loss and colon shortening, and attenuated the macroscopic and microscopic damage signs, as well as significantly reducing transmural inflammation and boosting the recovery of the mucosal architecture and its muco-secretory function. Additionally, Ach promotes macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype and was capable of down-regulating significantly the expression of inflammatory proteins COX-2 and iNOS, and at the same time it regulates the antioxidant Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. In conclusion, this is the first study in which it is demonstrated that the properties of Ach as could be used as a preventive and curative treatment in Crohn’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Ortiz
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, University of Seville, Avda. Sánchez-Pizjuán s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (M.I.); (L.M.-G.); (V.V.-R.)
- Correspondence: (T.O.); (M.D.-M.); Tel.: +34-954-551798 (T.O.); +34-955-421-025 (M.D.-M.)
| | - Federico Argüelles-Arias
- Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Avda. Sánchez-Pizjuán s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (F.A.-A.); (J.-M.G.-M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, c/Dr. Fedriani, nº 3, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Matilde Illanes
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, University of Seville, Avda. Sánchez-Pizjuán s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (M.I.); (L.M.-G.); (V.V.-R.)
| | - Josefa-María García-Montes
- Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Avda. Sánchez-Pizjuán s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (F.A.-A.); (J.-M.G.-M.)
| | - Elena Talero
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Seville, c/Prof García González, nº 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (E.T.); (V.M.)
| | - Laura Macías-García
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, University of Seville, Avda. Sánchez-Pizjuán s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (M.I.); (L.M.-G.); (V.V.-R.)
| | - Ana Alcudia
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof García González, nº 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Victoria Vázquez-Román
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, University of Seville, Avda. Sánchez-Pizjuán s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (M.I.); (L.M.-G.); (V.V.-R.)
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Seville, c/Prof García González, nº 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (E.T.); (V.M.)
| | - Manuel De-Miguel
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, University of Seville, Avda. Sánchez-Pizjuán s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (M.I.); (L.M.-G.); (V.V.-R.)
- Correspondence: (T.O.); (M.D.-M.); Tel.: +34-954-551798 (T.O.); +34-955-421-025 (M.D.-M.)
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Stevia vs. Sucrose: Influence on the Phytochemical Content of a Citrus-Maqui Beverage-A Shelf Life Study. Foods 2020; 9:foods9020219. [PMID: 32092949 PMCID: PMC7073640 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has been related with the risk of cardiovascular diseases and other pathophysiological situations, such as obesity or diabetes mellitus. Given the increasing awareness on this fact, food industries are developing new products to reduce the amount of added sugar in development of food products development. Accordingly, in the present work, new functional beverages, constituting a dietary source of bioactive phenolics and supplemented with stevia or sucrose, were designed in order to study the influence of the sweetener during processing and shelf-life. This study is of critical for the informed selection of the sweetener based on its effect on the final phytochemical profile of beverages, especially taking into consideration that there are no previous studies on Stevia rebaudiana. Physicochemical features and phytochemical composition, as well as stability of the different beverages concerning these parameters, were evaluated for 90 days during storage under different conditions (refrigeration (4 °C) and room temperature (25 °C) under light or darkness conditions). Physicochemical parameters (pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and color) did not display statistically significant differences between beverages. Storage temperature was the greatest determinant affecting the stability of all the analyzed bioactive compounds (vitamin C, anthocyanins, and flavanones). The main difference between sweeteners was observed in flavanones, which exhibited a higher loss during storage under day light conditions when stevia was added instead of sucrose. In addition, the juices’ colors were rather stable, keeping a reddish coloration and natural appearance throughout the shelf life. Hence, stevia could be considered as an alternative sweetener by the beverage industry.
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Abdelli I, Benariba N, Adjdir S, Fekhikher Z, Daoud I, Terki M, Benramdane H, Ghalem S. In silico evaluation of phenolic compounds as inhibitors of Α-amylase and Α-glucosidase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:816-822. [PMID: 31955660 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1718553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study focuses on the molecular docking approach to screen alternative drug that can regulate the hyperglycemia by down-regulating α-glucosidase and α-amylase activity using phenolic compounds: tannic acid (L1), catechin (L2), gallic acid (L3), quercetin (L5) and epicatechin (L6). L1 gives the best docking scores, its interaction with α-amylase and α-glucosidase has the lowest energy score compared to the other complexes and to the acarbose (L4). L1 forms strong five H-donor interactions with residues of active site of α-amylase and three H-donor interactions with α-glucosidase. The in silico evaluation of the unfavorable absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) properties and drug-likeness revealed that L5 has high absorption compared to tannic acid and to the other compounds. This study revealed for the first time that tannic acid is a functional inhibitor of α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities and can be used as alternative for the regulation of post-prandial hyperglycaemia. Communicated by Ramaswamy Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Abdelli
- Higher School of Applied Sciences, Tlemcen, Algeria.,Laboratory of Natural and Bio-Actives Substances, Tlemcen University- Faculty of Science, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Nabila Benariba
- Antibiotic, Antifungal Laboratory: Physico-chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity, Department of Biology, Faculty SNV-STU, Abou Bekr Belkaïd University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Sara Adjdir
- Antibiotic, Antifungal Laboratory: Physico-chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity, Department of Biology, Faculty SNV-STU, Abou Bekr Belkaïd University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Zohra Fekhikher
- Antibiotic, Antifungal Laboratory: Physico-chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity, Department of Biology, Faculty SNV-STU, Abou Bekr Belkaïd University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Ismail Daoud
- Laboratory of Natural and Bio-Actives Substances, Tlemcen University- Faculty of Science, Tlemcen, Algeria.,Department of Matter Sciences, University Mohamed Khider, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Terki
- Antibiotic, Antifungal Laboratory: Physico-chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity, Department of Biology, Faculty SNV-STU, Abou Bekr Belkaïd University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Hanane Benramdane
- Antibiotic, Antifungal Laboratory: Physico-chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity, Department of Biology, Faculty SNV-STU, Abou Bekr Belkaïd University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Said Ghalem
- Laboratory of Natural and Bio-Actives Substances, Tlemcen University- Faculty of Science, Tlemcen, Algeria
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Masoodi H, Villaño D, Zafrilla P. A comprehensive review on fruit Aristotelia chilensis (Maqui) for modern health: towards a better understanding. Food Funct 2019; 10:3057-3067. [PMID: 31066379 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02429d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human and animal intervention studies have provided enough evidence for the protective effects of different foods rich in polyphenols against non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Though over the last decade South American berries, rich sources of polyphenols, especially maqui, have become the subject of research interest due to their remarkable potential health benefits, yet so far very limited studies have been conducted on the effect of maqui berry on non-communicable diseases, and information about its domestication is also still deficient. This comprehensive review focuses on the health potential of maqui, especially on its effect on non-communicable diseases. It is anticipated that this article will extend our understanding of the maqui-health benefit relationship. More detailed and long term in vivo intervention and in vitro studies are needed to fully understand how maqui interacts with human physiological and pathological processes, considering the rapid increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Masoodi
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Los Jerónimos s/n, Guadalupe (Murcia) 30107, Spain.
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Ávila F, Jiménez-Aspee F, Cruz N, Gómez C, González MA, Ravello N. Additive effect of maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) and lemon (Citrus x limon) juice in the postprandial glycemic responses after the intake of high glycemic index meals in healthy men. NFS JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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An In Situ Gelling System for the Local Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The Loading of Maqui ( Aristotelia Chilensis) Berry Extract as an Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11110611. [PMID: 31739619 PMCID: PMC6920942 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was the development of an innovative in situ gelling system, to be applied on the mucosa of the distal colon via rectal route. The system consisted of three polymers having different functions: gellan (GG), able to jellify in presence of ions; methylcellulose (MC), a thermosensitive polymer with a gelation temperature close to 50 °C; and hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), a mucoadhesive polymer. The three polymers were able to act synergistically, increasing the permanence of the vehicle on the mucosa and forming a protective gel layer. A DoE approach, "simplex centroid mixture design," was used to identify the optimal quantitative composition of the vehicle. The response variables considered were: vehicle viscosity at room temperature; increase in vehicle viscosity on increasing temperature (from room to physiological value) and upon dilution with simulated colonic fluid (SCF); and viscoelastic behavior, thixotropic area, and mucoadhesion properties of the gel formed at 37 °C upon dilution in SCF. The optimized vehicle was loaded with maqui berry extract (MBE), known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. MBE loading (0.5% w/w) into the vehicle improved rheological and mucoadhesive properties of the formulation. Both MBE and the optimized vehicle were not cytotoxic towards human fibroblasts and Caco-2 cells. Moreover, the optimized vehicle did not affect MBE antioxidant properties.
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Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Jiménez-Aspee F, Theoduloz C, Ladio A. Patagonian berries as native food and medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 241:111979. [PMID: 31153864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Patagonia is the southernmost part of the South American continent including Chile and Argentina. Berries and wild fruits have been gathered by the native Patagonians as food and medicine for over 14,000 years. The economic potential of the native berries as health promoting and relevant sources of bioactive substances has become apparent with several studies in the last decades. AIM OF STUDY This work aims to provide an insight into the ethnohistorical records of wild edible fruits from Patagonia starting with the archeobotanical studies to the contemporary use of the resources. The chemical and bioactivity studies on the native fruits are presented and discussed. METHODOLOGY A search of electronic databases including Scopus, Scielo, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect and SciFinder, as well as hand-search was carried out to perform an integrative review on the native Patagonian berries. RESULTS The use of native berries as food and medicine by the ancient hunter-gatherer societies can be traced back to the early occupation of Patagonia. The same species used in prehistoric times are still used as food by the contemporary population in this area. Chemical and bioactivity studies have reported remarkable activities in several of the native berries, including calafate (Berberis spp.), native strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis), currants (Ribes spp.), Patagonian raspberries (Rubus spp.) and maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) fruits. The increasing demand for maqui and calafate led to the selection of varieties for commercial production. The fruit constituents show strong antioxidant and inhibitory effect towards enzymes associated with metabolic syndrome, including α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase. Some berry constituents exert anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. The phytochemicals identified include a wide array of phenolics of different structural skeletons. Changes in composition and bioactivity after simulated gastric and intestinal digestion, as well as colonic fermentation, have been reported in some Patagonian species. CONCLUSIONS Patagonian berries are a relevant source of bioactive compounds with several health promoting properties. The long tradition of use and the interest of the population for their consumption has led to the development of some of this fruits as new potential crops. The ethnobotanical evidence shows a shared knowledge among the different indigenous communities on plant uses according to the local resources, and an integration of the ancient knowledge into the contemporary society. Other species are being investigated to get a more complete picture of the food and medicinal plants from Patagonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, 3460000, Talca, Chile; Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation, Centre for Systems Biotechnology (FCR-CSB), Av. del Cóndor 844, Huechuraba, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Felipe Jiménez-Aspee
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Cristina Theoduloz
- Laboratorio de Cultivo Celular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, 3460000, Talca, Chile
| | - Ana Ladio
- Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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Garcia-Diaz DF, Jimenez P, Reyes-Farias M, Soto-Covasich J, Costa AGV. A Review of the Potential of Chilean Native Berries in the Treatment of Obesity and its Related Features. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 74:277-286. [PMID: 31278560 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major worldwide health threat. It is characterized by an abnormal adipose tissue overgrowth together with increased monocytes infiltration, causing inflammation and oxidative stress, events associated with several illnesses. Investigations have focused on the benefits of native fruit consumption, claiming these to be natural sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics. It has been widely stated that berries are a source of the most antioxidant compounds, and, thus, seem highly promising to endure research efforts on these vegetal matrices. The present article describes botanical, chemical and biomedical features of the Chilean native berries, Aristotelia chilensis, Ugni molinae, and Berberis microphylla. This work aims to potentiate incoming research focused on the search for novel treatments for first-order diseases with these particular plant sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Garcia-Diaz
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.
| | - P Jimenez
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Reyes-Farias
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Soto-Covasich
- Biotechnology Doctoral Program, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso - Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - A G V Costa
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre of Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
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Li RY, Wang S, McClements DJ, Wan Y, Liu CM, Fu GM. Antioxidant activity and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of a fermented tannic acid product: Trigalloylglucose. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on polyphenols and bioactivity of the native Chilean red strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis ssp. chiloensis f. patagonica). Food Res Int 2019; 123:106-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Demir Y, Durmaz L, Taslimi P, Gulçin İ. Antidiabetic properties of dietary phenolic compounds: Inhibition effects on α-amylase, aldose reductase, and α-glycosidase. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:781-786. [PMID: 31135076 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR), α-amylase, and α-glycosidase are vital enzymes to prevent diabetic complications. Here, AR was purified from sheep kidney using elementary methods with 111.11-purification fold and with 0.85% purification yield. The interactions between some phenolic compounds and the AR, α-glycosidase, and α-amylase enzyme were determined. It was found that phenolic compounds exhibit potential inhibitor properties for these enzymes. For α-amylase, studied phenolic compounds showed IC50 values in the range of 601.56-2,067.78 nM. For α-glycosidase, Ki values were found in the range of 169.25 ± 27.22-572.88 ± 106.76 nM. For AR, Ki values in the range of 8.48 ± 0.56-43.26 ± 7.63 µM. However, genistein showed the best inhibition effect toward AR and α-glycosidase, but delphinidin chloride exhibited the best inhibition effect against α-amylase enzyme. We determined that all compounds showed noncompetitive inhibition effect against AR and α-glycosidase. Also, studied phenolic compounds may be useful in the prevention or treatment of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Lokman Durmaz
- Department of Medical Services and Technology, Cayirli Vocational School, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gulçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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43
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Patagonian Berries: Healthy Potential and the Path to Becoming Functional Foods. Foods 2019; 8:foods8080289. [PMID: 31357475 PMCID: PMC6722795 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in studying food and its derived ingredients that can provide beneficial effects for human health. These studies are helping to understand the bases of the ancestral use of several natural products, including native fruits as functional foods. As a result, the polyphenol profile and the antioxidant capacity of the extracts obtained from different Patagonian native berries have been described. This review aims to provide valuable information regarding fruit quality, its particular compound profile, and the feasibility of producing functional foods for human consumption to prevent disorders such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. We also discuss attempts concerning the domestication of these species and generating knowledge that strengthens their potential as traditional fruits in the food market and as a natural heritage for future generations. Finally, additional efforts are still necessary to fully understand the potential beneficial effects of the consumption of these berries on human health, the application of suitable technology for postharvest improvement, and the generation of successfully processed foods derived from Patagonian berries.
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Turchetti G, Paz C. Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz: A Natural Source of Bioactive Compounds. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083804666181002095249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz, commonly called “maqui” is a native tree of
Chile considered sacred for the Mapuche people. The fruits are sweet blackberries with a
high concentration of polyphenols which stain the hands and mouth when eaten. The
Mapuche people use it for creating "chicha" an alcoholic beverage, while leaves are used to
treat infected wounds, inflammation and ulcers. In this review, we will give an overview of
the pharmacology reported for the plant and molecules isolated from leaves and fruits, with
the scope of giving a better understanding of the potential of this tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Turchetti
- Laboratory of Plant Cytology and Biotechnology, Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems, DIBAF, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cristian Paz
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas y Recursos Naturales, BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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López de Dicastillo C, López‐Carballo G, Gavara R, Muriel Galet V, Guarda A, Galotto MJ. Improving polyphenolic thermal stability ofAristotelia Chilensisfruit extract by encapsulation within electrospun cyclodextrin capsules. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carol López de Dicastillo
- Food Packaging Laboratory (Laben‐Chile), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology University of Santiago de Chile Santiago Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA) Santiago Chile
| | - Gracia López‐Carballo
- Packaging Lab, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology IATA‐CSIC Valencia Spain
| | - Rafael Gavara
- Packaging Lab, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology IATA‐CSIC Valencia Spain
| | - Virginia Muriel Galet
- Food Packaging Laboratory (Laben‐Chile), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology University of Santiago de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Abel Guarda
- Food Packaging Laboratory (Laben‐Chile), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology University of Santiago de Chile Santiago Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA) Santiago Chile
| | - María José Galotto
- Food Packaging Laboratory (Laben‐Chile), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology University of Santiago de Chile Santiago Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA) Santiago Chile
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46
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Antidepressive effects of a chemically characterized maqui berry extract (Aristotelia chilensis (molina) stuntz) in a mouse model of Post-stroke depression. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 129:434-443. [PMID: 31022478 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders occur in 30% of stroke patients, and of these post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most significant. This study aimed to evaluate the antidepressive-like effects and in vivo antioxidant activity of a chemically characterized maqui berry (Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz) extract obtained from an optimized extraction method, on a murine PSD model. The extraction process was optimized to maximize anthocyanin content, and the phytochemical profile of the extract was evaluated using a multi-methodological approach including a liquid chromatographic method coupled with mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The antidepressive-like activity was investigated through despair swimming and tail suspension tests. The in vivo antioxidant activity was evaluated in mouse brain tissue by measuring the activity of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products. A number of compounds have been first identified in maqui berry here, including malvidin-glucoside, GABA, choline and trigonelline. Moreover, the results showed that the antidepressive-like activity exerted by the extract, which was found to restore normal mouse behavior in both despair swimming and tail suspension tests, could be linked to its antioxidant activity, leading to the conclusion that maqui berries might be useful for supporting pharmacological therapy of PSD by modulating oxidative stress.
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Characterization and Potential Antidiabetic Activity of Proanthocyanidins from the Barks of Acacia mangium and Larix gmelinii. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/4793047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins in ethanol extracts from the barks of Acacia mangium and Larix gmelinii were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, and HPLC/MS. The inhibitory effects of proanthocyanidins and acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of proanthocyanidins against carbolytic enzymes were also tested. A significant relationship between carbolytic enzymes inhibition and degree of polymerization was established, showing that the degree of polymerization is a major contributor to the biological activity of the proanthocyanidins from both types of woody plant bark. The results indicate that proanthocyanidins from the barks of A. mangium and L. gmelinii have potential antidiabetic properties.
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Zhu J, Zhang B, Wang B, Li C, Fu X, Huang Q. In-vitro inhibitory effects of flavonoids in Rosa roxburghii and R. sterilis fruits on α-glucosidase: Effect of stomach digestion on flavonoids alone and in combination with acarbose. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Rivera-Tovar PR, Mariotti-Celis MS, Pérez-Correa JR. Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz) and murta (Ugni molinae Turcz): Native Chilean sources of polyphenol compounds. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x15666180627120609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the production, processing and exportation of maqui and murta Chilean berries
have increased due to their high Total Polyphenols Content (TPC) and high Antioxidant Capacity
(AC). However, the leaves of these berries are agroindustrial discards that present even higher TPC and
AC values. Extracts of leaves and berries of maqui and murta with water, methanol and ethanol as solvents
showed significant bioactivity, like inhibition of alpha-glucosidase (an enzyme involved in the
metabolism of carbohydrates), as well as anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. They are also excellent
sources of polyphenols such as oligomers and polymers of delphinidin, pelargonidin, resveratrol,
among others that have shown health-promoting bioactivity and good bioavailability. Purified extracts
may be useful as supplements for foods and cosmetics, and even as pharmaceutical products. However,
it is necessary to control the variability of their TPC, AC and polyphenols profiles caused by genotype,
environment, processing, storage and stage of harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela R. Rivera-Tovar
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackena 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - María S. Mariotti-Celis
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 9845, Santiago 8940577, Chile
| | - José Ricardo Pérez-Correa
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackena 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
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50
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Beneficial effects of murtilla extract and madecassic acid on insulin sensitivity and endothelial function in a model of diet-induced obesity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:599. [PMID: 30679477 PMCID: PMC6345770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infusions of murtilla leaves exhibit antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Several compounds that are structurally similar to madecassic acid (MA), a component of murtilla leaf extract (ethyl acetate extract, EAE), have been shown to inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1P). The aim of this study was to evaluate if EAE and two compounds identified in EAE (MA and myricetin [MYR]) could have a beneficial effect on systemic and vascular insulin sensitivity and endothelial function in a model of diet-induced obesity. Experiments were performed in 5-week-old male C57BL6J mice fed with a standard (LF) or a very high-fat diet (HF) for 4 weeks and treated with EAE, MA, MYR, or the vehicle as control (C). EAE significantly inhibited PTP1B. EAE and MA, but not MYR, significantly improved systemic insulin sensitivity in HF mice and vascular relaxation to Ach in aorta segments, due to a significant increase of eNOS phosphorylation and enhanced nitric oxide availability. EAE, MA, and MYR also accounted for increased relaxant responses to insulin in HF mice, thus evidencing that the treatments significantly improved aortic insulin sensitivity. This study shows for the first time that EAE and MA could constitute interesting candidates for treating insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction associated with obesity.
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