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Farhat G. Polyphenols in obesity and weight management: Are they worth further research? An umbrella review. NUTR BULL 2024; 49:126-131. [PMID: 38469993 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Polyphenols are widely known for their putative antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and their potential protective role in several diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. They have also attracted significant interest as 'anti-obesity' agents, although with mechanisms of action that have been exclusively demonstrated in animal and in vitro studies. This umbrella review aims to evaluate current evidence surrounding the role of polyphenols in obesity and weight management and to establish the usefulness of these agents in combatting obesity. A search of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials was carried out. Nine systematic reviews (of which eight included a meta-analysis) were included. Evidence of polyphenols' effects on reducing bodyweight is mixed, and where the effects are significant, they are numerically small and unlikely to be of help in reducing bodyweight or preventing weight gain. Future research should focus on establishing the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of polyphenols through well-designed randomised controlled trials. Such research could be more valuable and cost-effective since it has shown potential to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Farhat
- Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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2
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Alvarado-Ramos K, Bravo-Nunez Á, Halimi C, Maillot M, Icard-Vernière C, Forti C, Preite C, Ferrari L, Sala T, Losa A, Cominelli E, Sparvoli F, Camilli E, Lisciani S, Marconi S, Georgé S, Mouquet-Rivier C, Kunert K, Reboul E. Improving the antinutritional profiles of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) moderately impacts carotenoid bioaccessibility but not mineral solubility. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11908. [PMID: 38789472 PMCID: PMC11126681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Common beans are a common staple food with valuable nutritional qualities, but their high contents in antinutritional factors (ANFs) can decrease the bioavailability of (i) fat-soluble micronutrients including carotenoids and (ii) minerals. Our objective was to select ANF-poor bean lines that would not interfere with carotenoid and mineral bioavailability. To achieve this objective, seeds of commercial and experimental Phaseolus vulgaris L. bean lines were produced for 2 years and the bean's content in ANFs (saponins, phytates, tannins, total polyphenols) was assessed. We then measured carotenoid bioaccessibility and mineral solubility (i.e. the fraction of carotenoid and mineral that transfer into the aqueous phase of the digesta and is therefore absorbable) from prepared beans using in vitro digestion. All beans contained at least 200 mg/100 g of saponins and 2.44 mg/100 g tannins. The low phytic acid (lpa) lines, lpa1 and lpa12 exhibited lower phytate levels (≈ - 80%, p = 0.007 and p = 0.02) than their control BAT-93. However, this decrease had no significant impact on mineral solubility. HP5/1 (lpa + phaseolin and lectin PHA-E free) bean line, induced an improvement in carotenoid bioaccessibility (i.e., + 38%, p = 0.02, and + 32%, p = 0.005, for phytofluene bioaccessibility in 2021 and 2022, respectively). We conclude that decrease in the phytate bean content should thus likely be associated to decreases in other ANFs such as tannins or polyphenols to lead to significant improvement of micronutrient bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ángela Bravo-Nunez
- Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, INSERM, C2VN, Marseille, France
- University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Charlotte Halimi
- Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, INSERM, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | | | - Christèle Icard-Vernière
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Université d'Avignon, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Chiara Forti
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Preite
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ferrari
- Council for Research in Agriculture and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Montanaso Lombardo, Italy
| | - Tea Sala
- Council for Research in Agriculture and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Montanaso Lombardo, Italy
| | - Alessia Losa
- Council for Research in Agriculture and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Montanaso Lombardo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cominelli
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Camilli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Lisciani
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Marconi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Stephane Georgé
- Centre Technique de Conservation des Produits Agricoles, Avignon, France
| | - Claire Mouquet-Rivier
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Université d'Avignon, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Karl Kunert
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Fraga CG, Cremonini E, Galleano M, Oteiza PI. Natural Products and Diabetes: (-)-Epicatechin and Mechanisms Involved in the Regulation of Insulin Sensitivity. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38421444 DOI: 10.1007/164_2024_707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease that occurs when cells do not respond normally to insulin, a condition called insulin resistance, which leads to high blood glucose levels. Although it can be treated pharmacologically, dietary habits beyond carbohydrate restriction can be highly relevant in the management of T2D. Emerging evidence supports the possibility that natural products (NPs) could contribute to managing blood glucose or counteract the undesirable effects of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. This chapter summarizes the relevant preclinical evidence involving the flavonoid (-)-epicatechin (EC) in the optimization of glucose homeostasis, reducing insulin resistance and/or diabetes-associated disorders. Major effects of EC are observed on (i) intestinal functions, including digestive enzymes, glucose transporters, microbiota, and intestinal permeability, and (ii) redox homeostasis, including oxidative stress and inflammation. There is still a need for further clinical studies to confirm the in vitro and rodent data, allowing recommendations for EC, particularly in prediabetic and T2D patients. The collection of similar data and the lack of clinical evidence for EC is also applicable to other NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar G Fraga
- Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | | | - Monica Galleano
- Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Peñalver R, Martínez‐Zamora L, Lorenzo JM, Ros G, Nieto Martínez G. Effect of hydroxytyrosol, Moringa, and spirulina on the physicochemical properties and nutritional characteristics of gluten-free brownies. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:385-398. [PMID: 38268863 PMCID: PMC10804121 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Brownies, enriched with fiber and Moringa oleifera, hydroxytyrosol (HXT), and spirulina (encapsulated and nonencapsulated), and dietary fiber using psyllium were elaborated. For that, a commercial control (CTRL) and an experimental control (CTRL) (without antioxidants) were compared. Color, nutritional composition, pH, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic compounds, as well as sensory properties were evaluated. The results showed the brownies developed with psyllium and the different extracts increased total dietary fiber compared to CTRL Commercial and CTRL, with E-spirulina (14.93 g/100 g) and Moringa (11.91 g/100 g) being the most prominent samples. However, with regard to soluble fiber, the highest content of NE-spirulina and the lowest content of HXT were observed. In addition, brownies enriched with extracts showed higher antioxidant capacity and higher phenolic compounds than controls, with HXT standing out at 299.25 μM Trolox/g in ABTS, 1470.08 μM Trolox/g in DPPH, and 18.15 μM Trolox/g in FRAP. However, a high level of phenolic compounds was found in E-Spirulina (604.71 mg/L). In reference to fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (70%) were the predominant fatty acids, followed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (19%) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) (10%). Glutamic acid and asparagine were the predominant amino acids. As for mineral content, N-spirulina and E-spirulina were the brownies with the highest iron bioaccessibility; Si, Na, B, Al, P, Fe, Zn, Bi, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, Rb, S, and Sr being the most abundant elements in the brownies of this study. In addition, the HXT and Moringa samples scored higher in overall acceptability compared to the controls. The findings suggest that the incorporation of psyllium, quinoa flour, and antioxidant extracts in brownies could be a viable approach to produce a healthy brownie enriched with fiber, antioxidants and, therefore, considering the nutritional, physicochemical, and organoleptic characteristics, HTX is the ideal compound to enrich bakery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Peñalver
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”University of MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Lorena Martínez‐Zamora
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”University of MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - José Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de GaliciaParque Tecnolóxico de GaliciaOurenseSpain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de OurenseUniversidad de VigoOurenseSpain
| | - Gaspar Ros
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”University of MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Gema Nieto Martínez
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”University of MurciaMurciaSpain
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Myint KZ, Zhou Z, Shi Q, Chen J, Dong X, Xia Y. Stevia Polyphenols, Their Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties, and Inhibitory Effect on Digestive Enzymes. Molecules 2023; 28:7572. [PMID: 38005293 PMCID: PMC10673113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols from stevia leaves (PPSs) are abundant byproducts from steviol glycoside production, which have been often studied as raw extracts from stevia extracts for their bioactivities. Herein, the PPSs rich in isochlorogenic acids were studied for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as their inhibitory effects on digestive enzymes. The PPSs presented stronger antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and B. subtilis than their antifungal activity against M. furfur and A. niger. Meanwhile, the PPSs inhibited four cancer cells by more than 60% based on their viability, in a dose-dependent manner. The PPSs presented similar IC50 values on the inhibition of digestive enzyme activities compared to epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), but had weaker anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, PPSs could be a potential natural alternative to antimicrobial agents. This is the first report on the bioactivity of polyphenols from stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) leaves excluding flavonoids, and will be of benefit for understanding the role of PPSs and their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaing Zar Myint
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhuoyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiandai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Junming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xinyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yongmei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
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Madsen S, Bak SY, Yde CC, Jensen HM, Knudsen TA, Bæch-Laursen C, Holst JJ, Laustsen C, Hedemann MS. Unravelling Effects of Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Extract on Hepatic Fat Accumulation and Plasma Lipid Profile in Rats Fed a High-Fat Western-Style Diet. Metabolites 2023; 13:974. [PMID: 37755254 PMCID: PMC10534343 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13090974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the preventive effect on obesity-related conditions of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract (RE) in young, healthy rats fed a high-fat Western-style diet to complement the existing knowledge gap concerning the anti-obesity effects of RE in vivo. Sprague Dawley rats (71.3 ± 0.46 g) were fed a high-fat Western-style diet (WD) or WD containing either 1 g/kg feed or 4 g/kg feed RE for six weeks. A group fed standard chow served as a negative control. The treatments did not affect body weight; however, the liver fat percentage was reduced in rats fed RE, and NMR analyses of liver tissue indicated that total cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver were reduced. In plasma, HDL cholesterol was increased while triglycerides were decreased. Rats fed high RE had significantly increased fasting plasma concentrations of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Proteomics analyses of liver tissue showed that RE increased enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation, possibly associated with the higher fasting GLP-1 levels, which may explain the improvement of the overall lipid profile and hepatic fat accumulation. Furthermore, high levels of succinic acid in the cecal content of RE-treated animals suggested a modulation of the microbiota composition. In conclusion, our results suggest that RE may alleviate the effects of consuming a high-fat diet through increased GLP-1 secretion and changes in microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel Madsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Steffen Yde Bak
- IFF—Nutrition Biosciences Aps, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, DK-8220 Brabrand, Denmark; (S.Y.B.); (C.C.Y.); (H.M.J.); (T.A.K.)
| | - Christian Clement Yde
- IFF—Nutrition Biosciences Aps, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, DK-8220 Brabrand, Denmark; (S.Y.B.); (C.C.Y.); (H.M.J.); (T.A.K.)
| | - Henrik Max Jensen
- IFF—Nutrition Biosciences Aps, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, DK-8220 Brabrand, Denmark; (S.Y.B.); (C.C.Y.); (H.M.J.); (T.A.K.)
| | - Tine Ahrendt Knudsen
- IFF—Nutrition Biosciences Aps, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, DK-8220 Brabrand, Denmark; (S.Y.B.); (C.C.Y.); (H.M.J.); (T.A.K.)
| | - Cecilie Bæch-Laursen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation, Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.B.-L.); (J.J.H.)
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation, Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.B.-L.); (J.J.H.)
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Mette Skou Hedemann
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Andersone A, Janceva S, Lauberte L, Krasilnikova J, Zaharova N, Nikolajeva V, Rieksts G, Telysheva G. Lignocellulosic Waste Compounds for Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition: Preliminary Extraction by Freon, Obtaining of Proanthocyanidins and Testing on Lipase Activity. Metabolites 2023; 13:922. [PMID: 37623866 PMCID: PMC10456361 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The twigs of sea buckthorn, blackcurrant, gooseberries, quince, and grapes were evaluated as a promising source of biologically active compounds-proanthocyanidins (PACs). Sea buckthorn twigs had the highest content of PACs (9.2% on dry biomass). Preliminary pretreatment of biomass with freon R134a did not allow an increase in PACs content in the composition of hydrophilic extract but confirmed the value of freon extract as an antibacterial agent against P. aeruginosa and B. cereus. The content of PACs was used as an indicator for assessment of the influence of hydrophilic extracts on pancreatic lipase activity. Under normal physiological conditions, in the presence of bile, the extract, which contained 42.4% of PACs was more effective compared to the extract which contained 17.5% of PACs. At all concentrations (0.2-40 mg of sample/g of pancreatic lipase), it inhibited lipase activity by 33%. Purified PACs were the most effective in inhibiting lipase activity (by 36%). However, in pathological physiological conditions (without bile), the opposite effect on lipase activity was observed. Thus, PACs and extracts can be used as inhibitors of pancreatic lipase only under normal physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andersone
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (N.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Sarmite Janceva
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (N.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Liga Lauberte
- Department of Biochemistry, Riga Stradinš University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Jelena Krasilnikova
- Department of Biochemistry, Riga Stradinš University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Natalija Zaharova
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (N.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Vizma Nikolajeva
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Gints Rieksts
- The Institute of Physics, University of Latvia, Miera 32, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia;
| | - Galina Telysheva
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (N.Z.); (G.T.)
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Pu Y, Chen L, He X, Cao J, Jiang W. Soluble polysaccharides decrease inhibitory activity of banana condensed tannins against porcine pancreatic lipase. Food Chem 2023; 418:136013. [PMID: 36989646 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of soluble polysaccharides (SPs) (arabic gum, dextran and pectin from citrus) on the binding between banana condensed tannins (BCTs) and pancreatic lipase (PL) was studied from variant aspects. Molecular docking simulations predicted that BCTs strongly bound SPs and PL through non-covalent interactions. The experimental results showed that SPs reduced the inhibition of BCTs on PL, and the IC50 value increased. However, the addition of SPs did not change the inhibitory type of BCTs on PL, which all were non-competitive inhibition. BCTs quenched PL fluorescence through static quenching mechanism and changed the secondary structure of PL. The addition of SPs alleviated the trending. The effect of SPs on the binding of BCTs-PL was mainly due to the strong non-covalent interaction between SPs and BCTs. This study emphasized that attention should be paid to the counteracting effects of polysaccharides and polyphenols in dietary intake to maximize their respective roles.
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Rocha S, Rufino AT, Freitas M, Silva AMS, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. Methodologies for Assessing Pancreatic Lipase Catalytic Activity: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-28. [PMID: 37335098 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2221731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a disease of epidemic proportions with a concerning increasing trend. Regarded as one of the main sources of energy, lipids can also represent a big part of an unnecessary intake of calories and be, therefore, directly related to the problem of obesity. Pancreatic lipase is an enzyme that is essential in the absorption and digestion of dietary fats and has been explored as an alternative for the reduction of fat absorption and consequent weigh loss.Literature describes a great variability of methodologies and experimental conditions used in research to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of compounds against pancreatic lipase. However, in an attempt to choose the best approach, it is necessary to know all the reaction conditions and understand how these can affect the enzymatic assay.The objective of this review is to understand and summarize the methodologies and respective experimental conditions that are mainly used to evaluate pancreatic lipase catalytic activity.156 studies were included in this work and a detailed description of the most commonly used UV/Vis spectrophotometric and fluorimetric instrumental techniques are presented, including a discussion regarding the differences found in the parameters used in both techniques, namely enzyme, substrate, buffer solutions, kinetics conditions, temperature and pH.This works shows that both UV/Vis spectrophotometry and fluorimetry are useful instrumental techniques for the evaluation of pancreatic lipase catalytic activity, presenting several advantages and limitations, which make the choice of parameters and experimental conditions a crucial decision to obtain the most reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Rocha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Yu Y, Chen P, Li X, Shen S, Li K. Persimmon Proanthocyanidins with Different Degrees of Polymerization Possess Distinct Activities in Models of High Fat Diet Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183718. [PMID: 36145094 PMCID: PMC9505881 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins is a kind of polyphenol that had been found with strong prevention ability on high fat diet induced obesity. However, whether proanthocyanidins with different polymerization degree showed different anti-obesity ability is unclear. Therefore, in this study, the effects of persimmon proanthocyanidins (P-PCs) and persimmon oligo-proanthocyanidins (P-OPCs) on high-fat diet induced obesity were systematically investigated. The findings indicated that both of P-PCs and P-OPCs significantly reduced the body weight, and P-PCs showed stronger anti-obesity ability compared with P-OPCs, P-OPCs seemed with stronger ability on improvement of insulin resistance. Furthermore, gut microbiota results indicated that the composition of the gut microbiota was changed after P-PCs and P-OPCs intervention in C57BL/6J mice. In addition, P-PCs exhibited strong inhibitory on the digestion of starch and fat. Above all, this study indicated that P-PCs showed stronger anti-obesity ability compared with P-OPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shanshan Shen
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430016, China
- Correspondence: author: (S.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Kaikai Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: author: (S.S.); (K.L.)
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Xiang J, Raka RN, Zhang L, Xiao J, Wu H, Ding Z. Inhibition of Three Diabetes-Related Enzymes by Procyanidins from Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) Seedpods. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:390-398. [PMID: 35781857 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-00987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of procyanidins from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) seedpods on the activities of α-amylase, α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), were studied and compared with those of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), procyanidin dimer B2 and trimer C1. The results showed that Lotus procyanidin extract (LPE) significantly inhibited α-amylase, α-glucosidase and PTP1B with IC50 values of 5.5, 1.0, and 0.33 μg/mL, respectively. The inhibition increased with the degree of polymerization and the existence of galloyl or gallocatechin units. Kinetic analysis showed that LPE inhibited α-glucosidase activity in a mixed competitive and noncompetitive mode. Fluorescence quenching revealed that α-glucosidase interacted with LPE or EGCG in an apparent static mode, or the model of "sphere of action". The apparent static (K) and bimolecular (kq) constants were 4375 M-1 and 4.375 × 1011 M-1 s-1, respectively, for LPE and 1195 M-1 and 1.195 × 1011 M-1 s-1, respectively, for EGCG. Molecular docking analysis provided further information on the interactions of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, EGCG, B2 and C1 with α-glucosidase. It is hypothesized that LPE may bind to multiple sites of the enzyme through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, leading to conformational changes in the enzyme and thus inhibiting its activity. These findings first elucidate the inhibitory effect of LPE on diabetes-related enzymes and highlight the usefulness of LPE as a dietary supplement for the prophylaxis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Rifat Nowshin Raka
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Luocheng Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Junsong Xiao
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Hua Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhiqian Ding
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
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12
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Zhu W, Oteiza PI. Proanthocyanidins at the gastrointestinal tract: mechanisms involved in their capacity to mitigate obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:220-240. [PMID: 35943169 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is continually increasing worldwide. Obesity is a major public health concern given the multiple associated comorbidities. Finding dietary approaches to prevent/mitigate these conditions is of critical relevance. Proanthocyanidins (PACs), oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ols that are extensively distributed in nature, represent a major part of total dietary polyphenols. Although current evidence supports the capacity of PACs to mitigate obesity-associated comorbidities, the underlying mechanisms remain speculative due to the complexity of PACs' structure. Given their limited bioavailability, the major site of the biological actions of intact PACs is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This review discusses the actions of PACs at the GI tract which could underlie their anti-obesity effects. These mechanisms include: i) inhibition of digestive enzymes at the GI lumen, including pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase; ii) modification of gut microbiota composition; iii) modulation of inflammation- and oxidative stress-triggered signaling pathways, e.g. NF-κB and MAPKs; iv) protection of the GI barrier integrity. Further understanding of the mechanisms and biological activities of PACs at the GI tract can contribute to develop nutritional and pharmacological strategies oriented to mitigate the serious comorbidities of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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13
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Weikart DK, Indukuri VV, Racine KC, Coleman KM, Kovac J, Cockburn DW, Hopfer H, Neilson AP, Lambert JD. Effect of processing on the anti-inflammatory efficacy of cocoa in a high fat diet-induced mouse model of obesity. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 109:109117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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14
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Sosnowska D, Podsędek A, Kucharska AZ. Proanthocyanidins as the main pancreatic lipase inhibitors in chokeberry fruits. Food Funct 2022; 13:5616-5625. [PMID: 35506494 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04429j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic lipase inhibitors are recognized as important in strategies for the management of overweight and obesity. The phytocompounds in chokeberry fruit show multidirectional pro-health effects, including anti-obesity activity. The aims of this study were to fractionate and identify the phenolic compounds of chokeberry fruit phenolic-rich extract that are active as pancreatic lipase inhibitors. Phenolic compounds were fractionated using Sephadex LH-20 resin, followed by polyphenol profile analysis using chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods, while pancreatic inhibitory activity was determined using 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate and emulsified triolein as enzyme substrates. Among the six fractions isolated from extract, two fractions rich in highly polymerized proanthocyanidins showed the greatest ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase activity. In comparison, fractions containing mainly low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonols and anthocyanins, were 11-64 times less active. The most active fraction showed a mixed mode of pancreatic lipase inhibition, as determined by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis, and exhibited a cumulative effect with orlistat. This study shows that black chokeberry polyphenols, particularly highly polymerized procyanidins, can effectively inhibit pancreatic lipase activity determined by in vitro methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Sosnowska
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Anna Podsędek
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Alicja Z Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
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15
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Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Functional Foods. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081107. [PMID: 35454694 PMCID: PMC9030530 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is a tree cultivated originally in northern India, whose ancient use as a medicine has demonstrated its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Due to its richness in minerals and macronutrients, the antioxidant capacity and the mineral bioaccesibility were assessed. In addition, the chemical composition, amino acid, fatty acid, and mineral content were also evaluated. The performed analysis reported a high content of proteins and low content of lipids in the chemical composition. Regarding the mineral content, Ca and Fe presented high bioaccessibility; K, S, Ca, and Fe being the most concentrated elements. The obtained values using FRAP, ABTS, and ORAC methods showed high antioxidant capacity, directly related to the increased content of phenolic compounds. In view of the results, Moringa oleifera can be incorporated into the diet as a functional ingredient or as a fortifier of any kind of food. The important source of minerals, phenolics, proteins, unsaturated fats, and folates make it an excellent extract with beneficial properties.
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16
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Chen X, Guan X, Tang Y, Deng J, Zhang X. Effects of cocoa products intake on cardiometabolic biomarkers of type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on both long-term and short-term randomised controlled trials. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:571-587. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2046711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxian Guan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yujun Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinlan Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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17
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Chen Y, Wang J, Zou L, Cao H, Ni X, Xiao J. Dietary proanthocyanidins on gastrointestinal health and the interactions with gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6285-6308. [PMID: 35114875 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2030296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many epidemiological and experimental studies have consistently reported the beneficial effects of dietary proanthocyanidins (PAC) on improving gastrointestinal physiological functions. This review aims to present a comprehensive perspective by focusing on structural properties, interactions and gastrointestinal protection of PAC. In brief, the main findings of this review are summarized as follows: (1) Structural features are critical factors in determining the bioavailability and subsequent pharmacology of PAC; (2) PAC and/or their bacterial metabolites can play a direct role in the gastrointestinal tract through their antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties; (3) PAC can reduce the digestion, absorption, and bioavailability of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids by interacting with them or their according enzymes and transporters in the gastrointestinal tract; (4). PAC showed a prebiotic-like effect by interacting with the microflora in the intestinal tract, and the enhancement of PAC on a variety of probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. could be associated with potential benefits to human health. In conclusion, the potential effects of PAC in prevention and alleviation of gastrointestinal diseases are remarkable but clinical evidence is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Laboratory of Food Oral Processing, School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Xiaoling Ni
- Pancreatic Cancer Group, General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Proanthocyanidins and Where to Find Them: A Meta-Analytic Approach to Investigate Their Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Distribution, and Effect on Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081229. [PMID: 34439477 PMCID: PMC8389005 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are a class of polyphenolic compounds that are attracting considerable interest in the nutraceutical field due to their potential health benefits. However, knowledge about the chemistry, biosynthesis, and distribution of PACs is limited. This review summarizes the main chemical characteristics and biosynthetic pathways and the main analytical methods aimed at their identification and quantification in raw plant matrices. Furthermore, meta-analytic approaches were used to identify the main plant sources in which PACs were contained and to investigate their potential effect on human health. In particular, a cluster analysis identified PACs in 35 different plant families and 60 different plant parts normally consumed in the human diet. On the other hand, a literature search, coupled with forest plot analyses, highlighted how PACs can be actively involved in both local and systemic effects. Finally, the potential mechanisms of action through which PACs may impact human health were investigated, focusing on their systemic hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects and their local anti-inflammatory actions on the intestinal epithelium. Overall, this review may be considered a complete report in which chemical, biosynthetic, ecological, and pharmacological aspects of PACs are discussed.
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19
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Lima J, Cardoso L, Rocha G, Fernandes-Santos C, de Souza D, Sampaio FJ, Gregorio B. Effect of maternal and postnatal cocoa supplementation on testicles of adult Wistar rats. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:436-442. [PMID: 32686639 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Early weaning can lead to changes in the morphology of organs in adulthood, and the consumption of functional foods during lactation and postnatal life is believed to prevent these changes. However, it is not known if early weaning affects testicular morphology and if the use of cocoa can prevent that. We studied the effects of maternal and postnatal supplementation of cocoa powder on the testicular morphology of early weaned adult rats. The animals were divided into four groups (n = 6 each), control group, cocoa control group, early weaning (EW) group, and cocoa early weaning (EWCa) group, and were analyzed for 90 d, after which they were euthanized. The animals from the EW group showed a reduction in the tubular diameter and height of the seminiferous epithelium, a decrease in epithelial surface density (Sv), and an increase in the lumen and proper tunic. However, the animals from the EWCa group showed an increase in the diameter and height of the epithelium, an increase in the epithelium Sv, and a decrease in the lumen and the proper tunic. The early weaning promotes morphological changes in the testicles; however, supplementation with cocoa powder can preserve the testicular histoarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Lima
- Urogenital Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letícia Cardoso
- Faculty of Nutrition Emília de Jesus Ferreiro, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, UFF, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Rocha
- Faculty of Nutrition Emília de Jesus Ferreiro, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, UFF, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Caroline Fernandes-Santos
- Laboratory Multiuser of Biomedical Research, Department of Basic Sciences, UFF, Nova Friburgo, Brazil
| | - Diogo de Souza
- Urogenital Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Gregorio
- Urogenital Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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20
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Sun M, Gu Y, Glisan SL, Lambert JD. Dietary cocoa ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and increases markers of antioxidant response and mitochondrial biogenesis in high fat-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 92:108618. [PMID: 33711421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cocoa powder, derived Theobroma cacao, is a popular food ingredient that is commonly consumed in chocolate. Epidemiological and human intervention studies have reported that chocolate consumption is associated with reduced risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Laboratory studies have reported the dietary supplementation with cocoa or cocoa polyphenols can improve obesity and obesity-related comorbidities in preclinical models. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one such comorbidity, is a risk factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Limited studies have examined the effect of cocoa/chocolate on NAFLD and underlying hepatoprotective mechanisms. Here, we examined the hepatoprotective effects of dietary supplementation with 80 mg/g cocoa powder for 10 wks in high fat (HF)-fed obese male C57BL/6J mice. We found that cocoa-supplemented mice had lower rate of body weight gain (22%), hepatic triacylglycerols (28%), lipid peroxides (57%), and mitochondrial DNA damage (75%) than HF-fed controls. These changes were associated with higher hepatic superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity and increased expression of markers of hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis. We also found that the hepatic protein expression of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), and mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor g coactivator (PGC) 1a, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and forkhead box O3 were higher in cocoa-treated mice compared to HF-fed controls. These factors play a role in coordinating mitochondrial biogenesis and expression of mitochondrial antioxidant response factors. Our results indicate that cocoa supplementation can mitigate the severity of NAFLD in obese mice and that these effects are related to SIRT3/PGC1a-mediated increases in antioxidant response and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyao Sun
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yeyi Gu
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Shannon L Glisan
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Joshua D Lambert
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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21
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Leena MM, Silvia MG, Vinitha K, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Synergistic potential of nutraceuticals: mechanisms and prospects for futuristic medicine. Food Funct 2021; 11:9317-9337. [PMID: 33211054 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are valued for their therapeutic effects and numerous health benefits. In recent years, several studies have demonstrated their superior performances when co-delivered; the concept of synergism has been established for various bioactives. Apart from improvements in the bioavailability of partnering compounds, this approach can protect the radical scavenging potential and biological effects of individual compounds. In this review, the intricate mechanisms that promote synergistic effects when bioactive compounds are co-delivered are detailed. Importantly, a range of potential medical applications that have been established through such synergistic effects is presented, emphasizing recent developments in this field. Also, a section has been devoted to highlighting perspectives on co-encapsulation at the nanoscale for improved synergistic benefits. While prospects for the treatment of chronic diseases are well-demonstrated, several challenges and safety concerns remain, and these have been discussed, providing recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maria Leena
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur - 613005, Tamil Nadu, India.
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22
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Hwang CE, Kim SC, Kim DH, Lee HY, Suh HK, Cho KM, Lee JH. Enhancement of isoflavone aglycone, amino acid, and CLA contents in fermented soybean yogurts using different strains: Screening of antioxidant and digestive enzyme inhibition properties. Food Chem 2021; 340:128199. [PMID: 33027719 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was the first to evaluate changes in isoflavone, amino acid, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), antioxidant effect, and digestive enzyme inhibition during fermentation of soy-milk to soy-yogurt with L. brevis and L. plantarum. Total average isoflavones were reduced (1318.2 → 971.1 μg/g) with an increase of aglycones (60.2 → 804.9 μg/g, genistein > daidzein > glycitein) in soy powder yogurts (SPYs). Amino acids increased considerably, as did ornithine (average 4.1 → 551.0 mg/g), and CLA showed high variations from not-detected (ND) to 0.5, 0.9 mg/g (cis-9, trans-11) and ND to 0.3, 0.2 mg/g (trans-10, cis-12). Digestive enzyme inhibitions (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and pancreatic lipase) displayed high activities (average 50.6 → 67.2, 5.2 → 46.4, 10.6 → 51.4%). Moreover, the antioxidant abilities against radicals were elevated as follows: ABTS > DPPH > hydroxyl (average 63.5 → 86.5, 50.2 → 70.3, 39.3 → 55.2%). Specifically, SPY using mixed strains exhibited the greatest enzymatic inhibition and antioxidant capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Eun Hwang
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 34111, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Cheol Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 34111, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yul Lee
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 34111, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kwon Suh
- Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 34111, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Akhlaghi N, Najafpour-Darzi G. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity, and pancreatic lipase inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenumgraceum L. leaves. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Huang X, Zhu J, Wang L, Jing H, Ma C, Kou X, Wang H. Inhibitory mechanisms and interaction of tangeretin, 5-demethyltangeretin, nobiletin, and 5-demethylnobiletin from citrus peels on pancreatic lipase: Kinetics, spectroscopies, and molecular dynamics simulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1927-1938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant, and enzymes inhibitory potential of three medicinally important plants from Nepal (Lepisorus mehrae, Pleurospermum benthamii, and Roscoea auriculata). ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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26
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Wang J, Xie B, Sun Z. Anion carboxymethylated β-glucan alleviates undesirable binding between procyanidins and β-galactosidase. Food Chem 2020; 344:128686. [PMID: 33246685 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To solve the potential problem of hindered β-galactosidase activity by procyanidins, carboxymethylated Pachyman (CMP), a negatively-charged carboxymethylated (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan, was applied to mitigate inhibition by procyanidins. The mechanisms underlying this effect were explored through enzyme kinetic analysis, fluorescence quenching assays, circular dichroism, and molecular docking studies. The results indicated that the introduction of CMP could decrease the inhibition rate of high-concentration lotus seedpod oligomeric procyanidins (LSOPC) from 98.7 to 46.5%, and enabled low-concentration LSOPC to activate β-galactosidase in vitro and in vivo. The competitive/noncompetitive inhibition constants, fluorescence quenching constants, and molecular docking results indicated that the mechanism of this effect might be CMP competing with β-galactosidase to bind procyanidins, resulting in restoration of the catalytic centre and key active site of procyanidin-bound lactase. Additionally, it was affected by procyanidin-CMP noncovalent interactions. This study illustrates a promising strategy for mitigating the anti-nutritional properties of procyanidins and activating β-galactosidase to promote intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bijun Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhida Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Podsędek A, Zakłos-Szyda M, Polka D, Sosnowska D. Effects of Viburnum opulus fruit extracts on adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells and lipase activity. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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28
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D'Costa AS, Bordenave N. Inhibition of starch digestion by flavonoids: Role of flavonoid-amylase binding kinetics. Food Chem 2020; 341:128256. [PMID: 33035827 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, kinetics of binding between α-amylase and green tea flavonoids were investigated by fluorescence quenching (FQ). Their effect on α-amylase inhibition was evaluated. Whereas epicatechin (EC) and epigallocatechin (EGC) exhibited slow binding kinetics (in the order of minutes), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (ECGC) exhibited very rapid binding (in the order of seconds) with Human Salivary α-amylase (HSA) and Porcine Pancreatic α-amylase (PPA). EGCG reached maximum inhibition of HSA and PPA with short incubation time whereas maximum inhibition of HSA and PPA by EC was reached only after 45 to 60 min of incubation. Similar results with ECG and EGC, but not in line with FQ kinetics, highlighted possible interferences of starch-flavonoid interaction in the binding and inhibition process. These results suggest that incubation times of enzymes and flavonoids shall be evaluated prior to enzyme inhibition testing in order to ensure consistent and reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S D'Costa
- School of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - N Bordenave
- School of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada; School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada.
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Zhang L, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Ma X, Xia M. Chitosan and procyanidin composite films with high antioxidant activity and pH responsivity for cheese packaging. Food Chem 2020; 338:128013. [PMID: 33091995 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan-procyanidin composite films (CS-PC films) with different mass ratios were prepared by solution casting method. Their structural, thermal, physical, and antioxidant properties, antibacterial activity and pH responsivity were determined. Compared with CS-control film, CS-PC films exhibited lower solubility and higher tensile strength. The antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger were improved by 20.0% and 30.4%, respectively. CS-PC films indicated good antioxidant activity through their DPPH and ABTS+ scavenging rates, which were 2.45 times higher than CS-control film. pH responsivity was represented by the outstanding changes in color, which were visible to the naked eye. Food packaging film with high antioxidant activity, bacteriostatic properties and pH responsivity was prepared by CS and PC. Compared with the initial properties of cheese, the characteristics of cheese packaged with CS-PC films were obviously better than those of the control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Zhengjian Zhang
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yunzhi Chen
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Mengying Xia
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
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Calloni C, Martínez LS, Gil DF, da Silva DM, Rosales PF, Agostini F, Moura E Silva S, Parmegiani Jahn M, Salvador M. Jabuticaba (Plinia trunciflora (O. Berg) Kausel) improved the lipid profile and immune system and reduced oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13383. [PMID: 32696535 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was evaluating the effects of jabuticaba aqueous extract (JPE - 0.5 g/kg) on serum lipid levels, immune system, and oxidative stress parameters of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Administration of JPE for 30 days, by gavage, was able to reduce serum levels of total cholesterol, non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides in diabetic rats. The HDL cholesterol levels increased in both diabetic and healthy rats after JPE treatment. Total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts reduced in diabetic rats, and JPE treatment prevented these diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced changes in the immune system. In addition, the induction of DM also led to dysregulation in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase antioxidant enzymes as well as an increase in oxidative stress markers. Treatments with JPE reduced oxidative stress and modulated antioxidant enzyme activities. These data demonstrate the potential of JPE as an adjuvant treatment option for diabetic patients. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Considering that it is very common to observe dyslipidemia in diabetic patients and that these alterations, combined with the increased oxidative stress levels, also common in these patients, can lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases, JPE would be an alternative treatment adjunct to reduce these risks. In addition, although more studies are needed, JPE has the potential to improve the count of total lymphocytes and leukocytes, which could assist in improving the immune response of these patients, who also commonly have a higher risk of infectious diseases. Thus, JPE could be used by these patients, in combination with conventional treatment, in the form of a nutraceutical rich in phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Calloni
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luana Soares Martínez
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniela Franciele Gil
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Douglas Machado da Silva
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pauline Fagundes Rosales
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Agostini
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Moura E Silva
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matheus Parmegiani Jahn
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
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Cremonini E, Iglesias DE, Kang J, Lombardo GE, Mostofinejad Z, Wang Z, Zhu W, Oteiza PI. (-)-Epicatechin and the comorbidities of obesity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 690:108505. [PMID: 32679195 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has major adverse consequences on human health contributing to the development of, among others, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, altered behavior and cognition, and cancer. Changes in dietary habits and lifestyle could contribute to mitigate the development and/or progression of these pathologies. This review will discuss current evidence on the beneficial actions of the flavan-3-ol (-)-epicatechin (EC) on obesity-associated comorbidities. These benefits can be in part explained through EC's capacity to mitigate several common events underlying the development of these pathologies, including: i) high circulating levels of glucose, lipids and endotoxins; ii) chronic systemic inflammation; iii) tissue endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress; iv) insulin resistance; v) mitochondria dysfunction and vi) dysbiosis. The currently known underlying mechanisms and cellular targets of EC's beneficial effects are discussed. While, there is limited evidence from human studies supplementing with pure EC, other studies involving cocoa supplementation in humans, pure EC in rodents and in vitro studies, support a potential beneficial action of EC on obesity-associated comorbidities. This evidence also stresses the need of further research in the field, which would contribute to the development of human dietary strategies to mitigate the adverse consequences of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cremonini
- Departments of Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dario E Iglesias
- Departments of Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jiye Kang
- Departments of Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni E Lombardo
- Departments of Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Zahra Mostofinejad
- Departments of Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Departments of Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Departments of Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Departments of Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Oladele AK, Duodu KG, Emmambux NM. Hydrolysis and antioxidant activity of starch modified with phenolic extracts from grape pomace and sorghum bran under alkaline conditions. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 240:116291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Effects of Acute Cocoa Supplementation on Postprandial Apolipoproteins, Lipoprotein Subclasses, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes after a High-Fat Meal. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071902. [PMID: 32605005 PMCID: PMC7399847 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia and inflammation exacerbate postprandial metabolic stress in people with diabetes. Acute dietary supplementation with polyphenols shows promise in improving postprandial metabolic stress in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Cocoa is a rich source of dietary polyphenols with demonstrated cardioprotective effects in adults without diabetes. To date, the acute effects of cocoa on postprandial lipids and inflammation have received little attention in the presence of T2D. This report expands on our earlier observation that polyphenol-rich cocoa, given as a beverage with a fast-food-style, high-fat breakfast, increased postprandial high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in adults with T2D. We now test whether polyphenol-rich cocoa modulated postprandial apolipoproteins (Apo-A1, B), non-esterified fatty acids, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-derived lipoprotein subclass profiles, and select biomarkers of inflammation following the same dietary challenge. We found that cocoa decreased NMR-derived concentrations of total very low-density lipoprotein and chylomicron particles and increased the concentration of total HDL particles over the 6-hour postprandial phase. Serum interleukin-18 was decreased by cocoa vs. placebo. Thus, polyphenol-rich cocoa may alleviate postprandial dyslipidemia and inflammation following a high-fat dietary challenge in adults with T2D. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01886989.
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Liu TT, Liu XT, Chen QX, Shi Y. Lipase Inhibitors for Obesity: A Review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110314. [PMID: 32485574 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid increase in the population of obese individuals, obesity has become a global problem. Many kinds of chronic metabolic diseases easily caused by obesity have received increasing attention from researchers. People are also striving to find various safe and effective treatment methods as well as anti-obesity medicines. Pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitors have received substantial attention from researchers in recent years, and PL inhibitors from natural products have attracted much attention due to their structural diversity, low toxicity and wide range of sources. They have been used in the intestinal tract, blood, and the central nervous system with no side effects, and these advantages could lead to a new generation of diet pills or health care products with great development potential. This article is mainly aimed at discussing the research of obesity drug treatment with PL inhibitors and offers a brief review of related properties and the use of PL inhibitors in the field of weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiao-Tian Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qing-Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Nsor-Atindana J, Yu M, Goff HD, Chen M, Zhong F. Analysis of kinetic parameters and mechanisms of nanocrystalline cellulose inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase in simulated digestion of starch. Food Funct 2020; 11:4719-4731. [PMID: 32412562 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00317d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vitro inhibitory influence of particle size of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) fractions against α-amylase and α-glucosidase using cooked potato starch-protein food model system. The kinetics of the resulting inhibitions in the presence of NCC of the two tested enzymes were examined and characterised. Both the size and dose of NCC significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase by modulating the rate of hydrolysis of starch in the food model system lower than that of the control (no added fibre). At equal concentrations of each NCC fraction, the smallest particle size (≤125 nm) exhibited the highest potency as an inhibitor (median inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 2.98 mg mL-1 and 4.57 mg mL-1 for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively). Increasing concentrations of each NCC fraction caused an apparent significant decrease in Vmax values (p < 0.05) with insignificant change in the Km values for both the tested enzymes. Furthermore, binding assays demonstrated that NCC particles may bind to the two tested enzymes in a non-specific manner. Analysis of the kinetics of the enzymes suggested that the mechanism of inhibition showed that the two tested enzymes mainly exhibited non-competitive mode of inhibition. The observed inhibition of the two tested enzymes suggests that reducing the cellulose size ≤125 nm may enhance its inhibition potency and potentially attenuate starch hydrolysis when added to diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Nsor-Atindana
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
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Zhu W, Khalifa I, Wang R, Li C. Persimmon highly galloylated-tannins in vitro mitigated α-amylase and α-glucosidase via statically binding with their catalytic-closed sides and altering their secondary structure elements. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13234. [PMID: 32301514 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reticence of α-amylase (α-Amy) and α-glucosidase (α-Glu) is needed due to their mitigation potency on the glucose absorption. In this study, the anti-amylolytic effects of persimmon tannins (PT) on α-Amy and α-Glu and their interaction mechanisms were investigated. It was found that PT inhibited α-Amy and α-Glu with the half inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) values of 0.35 and 0.24 mg/ml, respectively. Fluorescence and FT-IR spectrometry results showed that PT could bind to enzymes and alter their conformations. Molecular docking showed that the structural units of PT interacted with the key sites (amino acids Glu233, Asp197, and Asp300) of α-Amy by H-bonds and π-π interactions, while they bound to the residues closed to the active sites of α-Glu. The whole results implied that PT was a promising mitigator of α-Amy and α-Glu. It might help to understand mechanisms of glycemic response inhibition of PT and develop certain therapeutic strategies against diabetes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: α-Amy and α-Glu are the crucial starch digestive enzymes associated with type II diabetes mellitus in humans. Persimmon is an excellent source of bio-functional tannins which potentially mitigate the type II diabetes. This study showed that PT beneficially decreased the action of the carbohydrate digestion-related enzymes, namely α-Amy and α-Glu via interaction simultaneously, which could be used to formulate a functional food and natural medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ibrahim Khalifa
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
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Giacco R, Costabile G, Fatati G, Frittitta L, Maiorino MI, Marelli G, Parillo M, Pistis D, Tubili C, Vetrani C, Vitale M. Effects of polyphenols on cardio-metabolic risk factors and risk of type 2 diabetes. A joint position statement of the Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group of the Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), the Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI) and the Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:355-367. [PMID: 31918979 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM A large body of evidence supports a role of polyphenols in the prevention of chronic diseases, i.e. type 2 diabetes (DMT2), cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer. In the present manuscript, the effect of polyphenol/phenolic compounds on the main cardio-metabolic risk factors (body weight, blood pressure, blood glucose concentrations, plasma lipids, inflammation and oxidative stress) in humans will be discussed. DATA SYNTHESIS Epidemiological evidence supports the beneficial effects of polyphenol-rich diets in the prevention of T2D risk. However, the available evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials did not allow the identification of specific phenolic compounds or polyphenol-rich foods that effectively improve cardio-metabolic risk factors. The most promising results in terms of the management of cardio-metabolic risk factors derive from RCTs based on a long-term intake of polyphenol-rich foods and beverages. Therefore, future studies should focus on a diet containing different classes of polyphenols rather than a specific food or phenolic compound. The hypothesis is that a polyphenol-rich diet may have a pleiotropic effect on cardiometabolic risk factors thanks to the specific action of different polyphenol subclasses. CONCLUSION The lack of conclusive evidence on the effectiveness of polyphenols in the management of cardio-metabolic risk factors does not allow recommendation of their use as supplements to reduce T2D and CVD risk. However, the daily consumption of naturally polyphenol-rich foods and beverages might be advised according to the current nutritional dietary recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Giacco
- Institute of Food Science of National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Costabile
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy; Dep. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Fatati
- Unit of Diabetology, Dietology and Clinical Nutrition, S. Maria Hospital, Terni, Italy; Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI), Italy
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy; Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria I Maiorino
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy; Diabetes Unit, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marelli
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, Vimercate Hospital, Vimercate, Italy; Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Parillo
- Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI), Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anna and St. Sebastian Hospital, Caserta, Italy
| | - Danila Pistis
- Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Rome, Italy; ATS Sardegna U.O. Diabetologia Poliambulatorio Quartu S.E. Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudio Tubili
- Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI), Italy; Diabetes Unit, "S.Camillo-Forlanini" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy; Dep. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy; Dep. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Rajan L, Palaniswamy D, Mohankumar SK. Targeting obesity with plant-derived pancreatic lipase inhibitors: A comprehensive review. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104681. [PMID: 32045666 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is alarmingly increasing in the last few decades and leading to many serious public health concerns worldwide. The dysregulated lipid homeostasis due to various genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors is considered one of the critical putative pathways mediating obesity. Nonetheless, the scientific advancements unleashing the molecular dynamics of lipid metabolism have provided deeper insights on the emerging roles of lipid hydrolysing enzymes, including pancreatic lipase. It is hypothesized that inhibiting pancreatic lipase would prevent the breakdown of triglyceride and delays the absorption of fatty acids into the systemic circulation and adipocytes. Whilst, orlistat is the only conventional pancreatic lipase enzyme inhibitor available in clinics, identifying the safe clinical alternatives from plants to inhibit pancreatic lipase has been considered a significant advancement. Consequently, plants which have shown significant potential to combat obesity are now revisited for its abilities to inhibit pancreatic lipase. In this regard, our review surveyed the potential of medicinal plants and its phytoconstituents to inhibit pancreatic lipase and to elicit anti-obesity effects. Thus, the review collate and critically appraise the potential of medicinal plants and phyto-molecules inhibiting pancreatic lipase enzyme and consequently modulating triglyceride absorption in gut, and discuss its implications in the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logesh Rajan
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rockland's, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhanabal Palaniswamy
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rockland's, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Mohankumar
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rockland's, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Shoji K, Yamasaki M, Kunitake H. Effects of Dietary Blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) Leaves on Mildly Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:143-151. [PMID: 31941864 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is an important consideration for reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. While blueberry fruits have been reported to ameliorate lipid metabolism in humans, there are only few research reports on the effects of blueberry leaves (BL). Here, we investigated the efficacy of BL on postprandial hyperlipidemia in subjects with high fasting triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations. Randomized, double-blind, cross-over design study was conducted. The subjects consumed a BL containing beverage or a placebo beverage before a fat-enriched test meal. Blood samples were collected prior to and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours after consuming the test beverage. The postprandial serum TG and remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) concentrations were significantly lower in the BL beverage compared with those in the placebo beverage. Additionally, BL was more effective in subjects with high fasting ghrelin with gastric emptying function. In current study, fasting ghrelin correlated with the increase in postprandial serum TG, suggesting that BL ameliorates hypertriglyceridemia through delayed gastric emptying. In conclusion, this pilot study suggests that BL may be useful as an early dietary therapy for treating postprandial hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Shoji
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Otsuma Women's University
| | - Masao Yamasaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
| | - Hisato Kunitake
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
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A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial to Determine the Effectiveness a Polyphenolic Extract ( Hibiscus sabdariffa and Lippia citriodora) in the Reduction of Body Fat Mass in Healthy Subjects. Foods 2020; 9:foods9010055. [PMID: 31935957 PMCID: PMC7022485 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The location and quantity of body fat determine the health risks, limiting people with obesity. Recently, polyphenols have attracted the attention of the scientific community because of their potential use for the reduction of obesity. A proprietary formula comprised of a blend of Lippia citriodora and Hibiscus sabdariffa has been recognized for its high content of polyphenols, powerful antioxidant molecules that may prevent weight gain and could be helpful for the treatment of obesity, as proven previously by in vivo models. The aim of the present study is to determine if the supplementation with Lippia citriodora and Hibiscus sabdariffa is useful for the treatment of obesity and/or weight control in subjects without a controlled diet. The intake of the extract for 84 days reduced body weight, the body mass index, and the fat mass measured with both bioimpedance and densitometry. This decrease in fat mass was observed to a greater extent, being significant, in the fat mass of the trunk (chest and torso).
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Racine KC, Wiersema BD, Griffin LE, Essenmacher LA, Lee AH, Hopfer H, Lambert JD, Stewart AC, Neilson AP. Flavanol Polymerization Is a Superior Predictor of α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity Compared to Flavanol or Total Polyphenol Concentrations in Cocoas Prepared by Variations in Controlled Fermentation and Roasting of the Same Raw Cocoa Beans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120635. [PMID: 31835748 PMCID: PMC6943598 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Raw cocoa beans were processed to produce cocoa powders with different combinations of fermentation (unfermented, cool, or hot) and roasting (not roasted, cool, or hot). Cocoa powder extracts were characterized and assessed for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. Cocoa processing (fermentation/roasting) contributed to significant losses of native flavanols. All of the treatments dose-dependently inhibited α-glucosidase activity, with cool fermented/cool roasted powder exhibiting the greatest potency (IC50: 68.09 µg/mL), when compared to acarbose (IC50: 133.22 µg/mL). A strong negative correlation was observed between flavanol mDP and IC50, suggesting flavanol polymerization as a marker of enhanced α-glucosidase inhibition in cocoa. Our data demonstrate that cocoa powders are potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase. Significant reductions in the total polyphenol and flavanol concentrations induced by processing do not necessarily dictate a reduced capacity for α-glucosidase inhibition, but rather these steps can enhance cocoa bioactivity. Non-traditional compositional markers may be better predictors of enzyme inhibitory activity than cocoa native flavanols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C. Racine
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (K.C.R.) (B.D.W.); (L.A.E.); (A.H.L.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Brian D. Wiersema
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (K.C.R.) (B.D.W.); (L.A.E.); (A.H.L.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Laura E. Griffin
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA or
| | - Lauren A. Essenmacher
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (K.C.R.) (B.D.W.); (L.A.E.); (A.H.L.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Andrew H. Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (K.C.R.) (B.D.W.); (L.A.E.); (A.H.L.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Helene Hopfer
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA; (H.H.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Joshua D. Lambert
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA; (H.H.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Amanda C. Stewart
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (K.C.R.) (B.D.W.); (L.A.E.); (A.H.L.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Andrew P. Neilson
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-704-250-5495; Fax: +1-704-250-5409
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Montagna MT, Diella G, Triggiano F, Caponio GR, Giglio OD, Caggiano G, Ciaula AD, Portincasa P. Chocolate, "Food of the Gods": History, Science, and Human Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16244960. [PMID: 31817669 PMCID: PMC6950163 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chocolate is well known for its fine flavor, and its history began in ancient times, when the Maya considered chocolate (a cocoa drink prepared with hot water) the "Food of the Gods". The food industry produces many different types of chocolate: in recent years, dark chocolate, in particular, has gained great popularity. Interest in chocolate has grown, owing to its physiological and potential health effects, such as regulation of blood pressure, insulin levels, vascular functions, oxidation processes, prebiotic effects, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. However, further translational and epidemiologic studies are needed to confirm available results and to evaluate other possible effects related to the consumption of cocoa and chocolate, verifying in humans the effects hitherto demonstrated only in vitro, and suggesting how best to consume (in terms of dose, mode, and time) chocolate in the daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Montagna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Hygiene, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.T.M.); (P.P.); Tel.: +39-080-547-8476 (M.T.M.); +39-080-547-8293 (P.P.)
| | - Giusy Diella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Hygiene, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Francesco Triggiano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Hygiene, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Giusy Rita Caponio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.R.C.); (A.D.C.)
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Osvalda De Giglio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Hygiene, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppina Caggiano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Hygiene, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.R.C.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.R.C.); (A.D.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.T.M.); (P.P.); Tel.: +39-080-547-8476 (M.T.M.); +39-080-547-8293 (P.P.)
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Wang M, Jiang J, Tian J, Chen S, Ye X, Hu Y, Chen J. Inhibitory mechanism of novel allosteric inhibitor, Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) leaves proanthocyanidins against α-glucosidase. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Nie Y, Stürzenbaum SR. Proanthocyanidins of Natural Origin: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Lipid Disorder and Aging-Associated Diseases. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:464-478. [PMID: 30926997 PMCID: PMC6520035 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins are phytonutrients formed by oligomerization or polymerization of subunits catechin, epicatechin, and their gallic acid esters. Proanthocyanidins are a component of many plants and thus form an integral part of the human diet. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins are currently marketed as medicinal products that target vascular disorders and chronic pathological conditions, many of which are age-associated. Proanthocyanidins are also characterized by their effects on energy homeostasis. Not dissimilar to their chemically synthesized counterparts, naturally extracted proanthocyanidins act via inhibition of lipases, stimulation of energy expenditure, or suppression of appetite. Here we review the current knowledge-base and highlight challenges and future impacts regarding involvement of proanthocyanidins in global lipid metabolism, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms and pathological conditions that progress with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nie
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R Stürzenbaum
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Margier M, Antoine T, Siriaco A, Nowicki M, Halimi C, Maillot M, Georgé S, Reboul E. The Presence of Pulses within a Meal can Alter Fat-Soluble Vitamin Bioavailability. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801323. [PMID: 30920145 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE It is widely advised to increase pulse consumption. However, pulses are rich in molecules displaying lipid-lowering properties, including fibers, phytates, saponins, and tannins. The effects of pulses on fat-soluble vitamin bioavailability were thus explored. METHODS Vitamin A (β-carotene and retinyl palmitate), vitamin E (α-tocopherol), vitamin D (cholecalciferol), and vitamin K (phylloquinone) bioaccessibility was evaluated by assessing micellarization after in vitro digestion of meals containing either potatoes (control), household-cooked, or canned pulses. The obtained mixed micelles were delivered to Caco-2 cells to evaluate vitamin uptake. The impact of fibers, phytates, saponins, and tannins on both phylloquinone (used as a model vitamin) bioaccessibility and uptake were then specifically assessed. RESULTS The presence of pulses significantly decreased both vitamin bioaccessibility (up to -65% for β-carotene, -69% for retinyl-palmitate, -45% for cholecalciferol, -53% for α-tocopherol and -67% for phylloquinone) and uptake (-40% for retinyl-palmitate, -67% for cholecalciferol, -50% for α-tocopherol and -57% for phylloquinone). Effects on bioaccessibility, but not on uptake, are dependent on pulse cooking method. Phylloquinone bioaccessibility is specifically impacted by saponins, tannins, and fibers while its uptake is impacted by saponins, fibers, and phytates. CONCLUSION Pulses can alter fat-soluble micronutrient bioavailability. Pulses should thus be cooked appropriately and consumed within micronutrient-rich meals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany Antoine
- Aix-Marseille University, INRA, INSERM, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Siriaco
- Aix-Marseille University, INRA, INSERM, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Nowicki
- Aix-Marseille University, INRA, INSERM, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Georgé
- Centre Technique de Conservation des Produits Agricoles (CTCPA), site Agroparc, 84911, Avignon, France
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Kamoun J, Rahier R, Sellami M, Koubaa I, Mansuelle P, Lebrun R, Berlioz-Barbier A, Fiore M, Alvarez K, Abousalham A, Carrière F, Aloulou A. Identification of a new natural gastric lipase inhibitor from star anise. Food Funct 2019; 10:469-478. [PMID: 30632597 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02009d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The identification and isolation of bioactive compounds are of great interest in the drug delivery field, despite being a difficult task. We describe here an innovative strategy for the identification of a new gastric lipase inhibitor from star anise for the treatment of obesity. After plant screening assays for gastric lipase inhibition, star anise was selected and investigated by bioactivity guided fractionation. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and peptide mass fingerprinting allowed the detection of an inhibitor covalently bound to the catalytic serine of gastric lipase. A mass-directed screening approach using UPLC-HRMS and accurate mass determination searching identified the flavonoid myricitrin-5-methyl ether (M5ME) as a lipase inhibitor. The inhibitory activity was rationalized based on molecular docking, showing that M5ME is susceptible to nucleophilic attack by gastric lipase. Overall, our data suggest that M5ME may be considered as a potential candidate for future application as a gastric lipase inhibitor for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannet Kamoun
- University of Sfax, National School of Engineering of Sfax, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Tortilla added with Moringa oleífera flour: Physicochemical, texture properties and antioxidant capacity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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In vitro evaluation of the anti-digestion and antioxidant effects of grape seed procyanidins according to their degrees of polymerization. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Sosnowska D, Podsędek A, Redzynia M, Kucharska AZ. Inhibitory effect of black chokeberry fruit polyphenols on pancreatic lipase – Searching for most active inhibitors. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Unuofin JO, Otunola GA, Afolayan AJ. In vitro α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipase inhibitory and cytotoxic activities of tuber extracts of Kedrostis africana (L.) Cogn. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00810. [PMID: 30294692 PMCID: PMC6169336 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kedrostis africana, is a tuberous plant commonly used by traditional healers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa for the management of obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiobesity and cytotoxic effects of Kedrostis africana extracts in vitro The α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase inhibitory activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Kedrostis africana tuber were investigated while the cytotoxic effects of these extracts were analyzed using Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide (PI) dual staining in combination with Molecular Devices ImageXpress Micro XLS Widefield microscope for high content analysis on human cervical (HeLa) cell line. The ethanol extract exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 381.86 μg/ml) and on α-glucosidase (IC50 = 157.99 μg/mL) while the aqueous extract has strongest α-amylase (IC50 = 439.45 μg/ml). Both tuber extracts were found nontoxic at tested concentrations on HeLa cell lines as confirmed by the Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide dual staining respectively. This study revealed that both the aqueous and ethanol tuber extract of K. africana exerts a certain degree of inhibitory effect on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase and were also nontoxic to HeLa cell line at tested concentrations.
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