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Boulebd H, Spiegel M. Computational assessment of the primary and secondary antioxidant potential of alkylresorcinols in physiological media. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29463-29476. [PMID: 37818267 PMCID: PMC10561184 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05967g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols are a group of natural phenolic compounds found in various foods such as whole grain cereals, bread, and certain fruits. They are known for their beneficial health effects, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of two typical alkylresorcinols namely olivetol and olivetolic acid (Oli and OliA) under physiological conditions. The free radical scavenging capacity of Oli and OliA toward oxygenated free radicals (HO˙ and HOO˙ radicals) was investigated using thermodynamic and kinetic calculations. The results revealed that Oli and OliA are potent scavengers of HO˙ radical in both polar and lipid media, acting exclusively via the FHT (formal hydrogen transfer) mechanism. Moreover, they demonstrated excellent scavenging activity toward HOO˙ radical in water via the SET (single electron transfer) mechanism, outperforming the common antioxidant BHT. In lipid media, Oli and OliA showed moderate scavenging activity toward HOO˙ radical via the FHT mechanism. Significant prooxidant potential of OliA- was also demonstrated through the formation of complexes with copper ions. Additionally, docking studies indicate that the compounds exhibited a good affinity for ROS-producing enzymes, including myeloperoxidase (MP), cytochrome P450 (CP450), lipoxygenase (LOX), and xanthine oxidase (XO), highlighting their potential as natural antioxidants with promising therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Boulebd
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, University of Constantine 1 Constantine 25000 Algeria
| | - Maciej Spiegel
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University Borowska 211A 50-556 Wroclaw Poland
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2
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Deng Y, Jiang ZM, Han XF, Su J, Yu LY, Liu WH, Zhang YQ. Pangenome analysis of the genus Herbiconiux and proposal of four new species associated with Chinese medicinal plants. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1119226. [PMID: 36925467 PMCID: PMC10011130 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Five Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile actinobacterial strains designated as CPCC 205763T, CPCC 203386T, CPCC 205716T, CPCC 203406T, and CPCC 203407 were obtained from different ecosystems associated with four kinds of Chinese traditional medicinal plants. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of these five strains showed closely related to members of the genus Herbiconiux of the family Microbacteriaceae, with the highest similarities of 97.4-99.7% to the four validly named species of Herbiconiux. In the phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the core genome, these isolates clustered into the clade of the genus Herbiconiux within the lineage of the family Microbacteriaceae. The overall genome relatedness indexes (values of ANI and dDDH) and the phenotypic properties (morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics) of these isolates, readily supported to affiliate them to the genus Herbiconiux, representing four novel species, with the isolates CPCC 203406T and CPCC 203407 being classified in the same species. For which the names Herbiconiux aconitum sp. nov. (type strain CPCC 205763T = I19A-01430T = CGMCC 1.60067T), Herbiconiux daphne sp. nov. (type strain CPCC 203386T = I10A-01569T = DSM 24546T = KCTC 19839T), Herbiconiux gentiana sp. nov. (type strain CPCC 205716T = I21A-01427T = CGMCC 1.60064T), and Herbiconiux oxytropis sp. nov. (type strain CPCC 203406T = I10A-02268T = DSM 24549T = KCTC 19840T) were proposed, respectively. In the genomes of these five strains, the putative encoding genes for amidase, endoglucanase, phosphatase, and superoxidative dismutase were retrieved, which were classified as biosynthetic genes/gene-clusters regarding plant growth-promotion (PGP) functions. The positive results from IAA-producing, cellulose-degrading and anti-oxidation experiments further approved their potential PGP bio-functions. Pangenome analysis of the genus Herbiconiux supported the polyphasic taxonomy results and confirmed their bio-function potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herb, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu-Ming Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herb, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Fei Han
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herb, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Su
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Yan Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Hong Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yu-Qin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herb, Beijing, China
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3
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Dornan K, Gunenc A, Oomah BD, Hosseinian F. Odd chain fatty acids and odd chain phenolic lipids (alkylresorcinols) are essential for diet. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Dornan
- Food Science, Chemistry Department Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Aynur Gunenc
- Food Science, Chemistry Department Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - B. Dave Oomah
- (Retired) Formerly with Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Summerland British Columbia Canada
| | - Farah Hosseinian
- Food Science, Chemistry Department Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Institute of Biochemistry Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
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Kowalska I, Jędrejek D. Benzoxazinoid and alkylresorcinol content, and their antioxidant potential, in a grain of spring and winter wheat cultivated under different production systems. J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.103063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Budhwar S, Sethi K, Chakraborty M. Efficacy of germination and probiotic fermentation on underutilized cereal and millet grains. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-020-00026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cereals and millets have been known as poor man’s crops for a long time, and have good potential in the mercenary system of food and in research and development but these coarse grains have been leftover and underutilised since a long time. In addition to nutritional properties, various elements of cereal grains contain phenolic compounds as well as various anti-nutritional factors. To improve the nutritional quality and availability of these grains, they are processed in several ways. This review discusses the effect of pre-processing techniques such as germination with a combination of probiotic fermentation on various components of underutilised coarse cereals and millets and advantages it brings into the final product. Germinated food mixture usually contains a significantly higher amount of thiamine, lysine and niacin contents. The combination of cereals with other methods results in better nutrient profile and an enhanced amino acid pattern. Fermentation is said to be the most crucial and popular process which considerably lowers the antinutrients present in coarse cereals such as trypsin inhibitor, phytic acid and tannins and hence, enhance the overall nutritive value of coarse cereals and other food grains. Also, germinated cereal-based food products have higher cell count and better growth of beneficial bacteria, thus, germination of cereals facilitates the probiotic fermentation of cereals.
Graphical abstract
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6
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Kulichová K, Sokol J, Nemeček P, Maliarová M, Maliar T, Havrlentová M, Kraic J. Phenolic compounds and biological activities of rye (Secale cereale L.) grains. OPEN CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2019-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe rye flour is, together with the wheat flour, the basic ingredient used in traditional bread baking. The rye grain contains many compounds with significant impacts on the consumer. Considering that, various biologically active phytochemicals were determined in extracts from mature grains of 19 rye genotypes (Secale cereale L.). The content of total phenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids and thiols, as well as antioxidant activities and inhibitory activities against trypsin, thrombin, and urokinase were analyzed by spectrophotometric methods. The vanillic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, and t-ferulic acid were analyzed in particular by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The observed differences in the amounts and activities between rye genotypes reflected variations in their genetic background. Rye grain is a remarkable source of specific phytochemicals. Genetic diversity in rye makes it possible to identify individual genotypes that have a unique content and biological activity of compounds deposited in mature grains. One subgroup of rye genotypes had higher values of antioxidant properties and concentrations of polyphenols. Other sub-group had higher proteinase inhibitory activities and contents of polyphenols. The third sub-group contained as though the universal genotypes, i.e. genotypes with average values in nearly all the measured parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Kulichová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Sokol
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Nemeček
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Maliarová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Tibor Maliar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Havrlentová
- Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168Piešťany, Slovakia
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Kraic
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701Trnava, Slovakia
- Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168Piešťany, Slovakia
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Xie M, Liu J, Tsao R, Wang Z, Sun B, Wang J. Whole Grain Consumption for the Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1769. [PMID: 31374888 PMCID: PMC6723813 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common and malignant cancers among females worldwide. Several epidemiological studies have indicated the inverse correlation between the intake of whole grains and the incidence of breast cancer. Whole grains are the most fundamental and important food source of bioactive phytochemicals, which have well-defined roles in the management of each stage of breast carcinogenesis. To better understand the value of whole grains in future prevention and treatment of breast cancer, the effects and possible mechanisms of six different whole grain cereals, which are the most commonly consumed throughout the world, are introduced in the current review. Moreover, the bioactive compounds extracted from whole grains are adequately formulated and the underlying mechanism of action is illustrated. In addition, the present limitations and future perspective of whole grain consumption for breast cancer are also concluded. The objective of this review is to promote the development of nutraceutical and functional food from whole grains and its application for reducing the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology; School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jie Liu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
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8
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Gunenc A, Rowland O, Xu H, Marangoni A, Hosseinian F. Portulaca oleracea seeds as a novel source of alkylresorcinols and its phenolic profiles during germination. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Fu J, Soroka DN, Zhu Y, Sang S. Induction of Apoptosis and Cell-Cycle Arrest in Human Colon-Cancer Cells by Whole-Grain Alkylresorcinols via Activation of the p53 Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11935-11942. [PMID: 30354111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer, one of the leading causes of cancer-associated deaths, is the target of choice for nutrition-based-prevention approaches because of the direct and early contact between the active compounds and the cancerous tissues. We previously reported alkylresorcinols (ARs) as the major active components in wheat bran against human colon cancer. Here, we further investigate the anticancer mechanisms of action of ARs. Our mechanistic studies indicated that AR C15 and AR C17 exert their anticancer activities in colon-cancer cells by inducing apoptosis through PUMA upregulation and mitochondrial-pathway activation, inducing cell-cycle arrest through p21 upregulation, and inhibiting proteasome activity and Mdm2 expression. This cascade of distinct mechanisms was linked to the consequent activation and accumulation of p53. The results of treatment with p53 inhibitor further confirmed that the p53 pathway might play a very important role in AR-induced apoptosis in colon-cancer cells. Altogether these results show that AR C15 and AR C17 can specifically activate the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and cause cell-cycle arrest and that inhibition of p53 greatly reduces the activation of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Fu
- College of Life Sciences , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Number 15 Shangxiadian Road , Fuzhou City , Fujian Province 350002 , PR China
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way , Kannapolis , North Carolina 28081 , United States
| | - Dominique N Soroka
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way , Kannapolis , North Carolina 28081 , United States
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way , Kannapolis , North Carolina 28081 , United States
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way , Kannapolis , North Carolina 28081 , United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , 450 West Drive, CB# 7295 , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
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10
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Gunenc A, Kong L, Elias RJ, Ziegler GR. Inclusion complex formation between high amylose corn starch and alkylresorcinols from rye bran. Food Chem 2018; 259:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Elmer LK, O’Connor CM, Philipp DP, Van Der Kraak G, Gilmour KM, Willmore WG, Barthel BL, Cooke SJ. Oxidative ecology of paternal care in wild smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:1905-1914. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.153775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Physiologically, oxidative stress is considered a homeostatic imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and absorption. From an ecological perspective, oxidative stress may serve as an important constraint to life history traits such as lifespan, reproduction, and the immune system, and is gaining interest as a potential mechanism underlying life history trade-offs. Of late, there has been much interest in understanding the role of oxidative stress in the ecology of wild animals, particularly during challenging periods such as reproduction. Here, we used a long-term study population of a fish with sole-male parental care, the smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu, to examine the associations among oxidative stress indicators and life history variables in nest-guarding males. In addition, we investigated the potential role of oxidative stress as a physiological mediator of the life history trade-off decision of paternal smallmouth bass to stay with or abandon their brood. We found that oxidative stress was significantly related to the life history of paternal smallmouth bass, such that older, larger fish with greater reproductive experience and larger broods nesting in cooler water temperatures had lower levels of oxidative stress. However, we found no significant correlation between oxidative stress and nesting success, suggesting that oxidative stress may not be involved in the decision of male smallmouth bass to abandon their brood. Wild fish have been relatively understudied in the emerging field of oxidative ecology, and the study presented here makes noteworthy contributions by revealing interesting connections between the life histories of paternal smallmouth bass and their oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K. Elmer
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Constance M. O’Connor
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, P.O. Box 10285, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 6T8, Canada
| | - David P. Philipp
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA
| | - Glen Van Der Kraak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kathleen M. Gilmour
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - William G. Willmore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Brandon L. Barthel
- Florida Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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Hou W, Zhang W, Chen G, Luo Y. Optimization of Extraction Conditions for Maximal Phenolic, Flavonoid and Antioxidant Activity from Melaleuca bracteata Leaves Using the Response Surface Methodology. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162139. [PMID: 27611576 PMCID: PMC5017642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melaleuca bracteata is a yellow-leaved tree belonging to the Melaleuca genus. Species from this genus are known to be good sources of natural antioxidants, for example, the “tea tree oil” derived from M. alternifolia is used in food processing to extend the shelf life of products. In order to determine whether M. bracteata contains novel natural antioxidants, the components of M. bracteata ethanol extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were extracted and the antioxidant activities of the extracts evaluated. Single-factor experiments, central composite rotatable design (CCRD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to optimize the extraction conditions for total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Ferric reducing power (FRP) and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·) scavenging capacity were used as the evaluation indices of antioxidant activity. The results showed that the main components of M. bracteata ethanol extracts are methyl eugenol (86.86%) and trans-cinnamic acid methyl ester (6.41%). The single-factor experiments revealed that the ethanol concentration is the key factor determining the TPC, TFC, FRP and DPPH·scavenging capacity. RSM results indicated that the optimal condition of all four evaluation indices was achieved by extracting for 3.65 days at 53.26°C in 34.81% ethanol. Under these conditions, the TPC, TFC, FRP and DPPH·scavenging capacity reached values of 88.6 ± 1.3 mg GAE/g DW, 19.4 ± 0.2 mg RE/g DW, 2.37 ± 0.01 mM Fe2+/g DW and 86.0 ± 0.3%, respectively, which were higher than those of the positive control, methyl eugenol (FRP 0.97 ± 0.02 mM, DPPH·scavenging capacity 58.6 ± 0.7%) at comparable concentrations. Therefore, the extracts of M. bracteata leaves have higher antioxidant activity, which did not only attributed to the methyl eugenol. Further research could lead to the development of a potent new natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Education; College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Forestry Science Institute, Tongshen Branch Offices, Wuzhishan, Hainan 572200, P. R. China
| | - Guode Chen
- Hainan Provincial Forestry Science Institute, Tongshen Branch Offices, Wuzhishan, Hainan 572200, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Education; College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Phenolic compounds play an important role in health benefits because of their highly antioxidant capacity. In this review, total phenolic contents (TPCs), phenolic acid profile and antioxidant capacity of the extracted from wheat, corn, rice, barley, sorghum, rye, oat, and millet, which have been recently reported, are summarized. The review shows clearly that cereals contain a number of phytochemicals including phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, etc. The phytochemicals of cereals significantly exhibit antioxidant activity as measured by trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, reducing power, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), inhibition of oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and DNA, Rancimat, inhibition of photochemilumenescence (PCL), and iron(II) chelation activity. Thus, the consumption of whole grains is considered to have significantly health benefits in prevention from chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer because of the contribution of phenolic compounds existed. In addition, the extracts from cereal brans are considered to be used as a source of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Van Hung
- a School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University, Thu Duc District , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
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15
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Oskarsson A, Ohlsson Andersson Å. Suppressed Sex Hormone Biosynthesis by Alkylresorcinols: A Possible Link to Chemoprevention. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:978-87. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1190022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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16
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Agil R, Patterson ZR, Mackay H, Abizaid A, Hosseinian F. Triticale Bran Alkylresorcinols Enhance Resistance to Oxidative Stress in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Foods 2016; 5:foods5010005. [PMID: 28231100 PMCID: PMC5224570 DOI: 10.3390/foods5010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triticale (× Triticosecale Whitm.) is a cereal grain with high levels of alkyresorcinols (AR) concentrated in the bran. These phenolic lipids have been shown to reduce or inhibit triglyceride accumulation and protect against oxidation; however, their biological effects have yet to be evaluated in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ARs extracted from triticale bran (TB) added to a high–fat diet on the development of obesity and oxidative stress. CF-1 mice were fed a standard low-fat (LF) diet, a 60% high-fat diet (HF) and HF diets containing either 0.5% AR extract (HF-AR), 10% TB (HF-TB), or 0.5% vitamin E (HF-VE). Energy intake, weight gain, glucose tolerance, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, and body composition were determined. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and glutathione (GSH) assays were performed on mice liver and heart tissues. The findings suggest that ARs may serve as a preventative measure against risks of oxidative damage associated with high-fat diets and obesity through their application as functional foods and neutraceuticals. Future studies aim to identify the in vivo mechanisms of action of ARs and the individual homologs involved in their favorable biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Agil
- Food Science & Nutrition Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Zachary R Patterson
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Harry Mackay
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Alfonso Abizaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Farah Hosseinian
- Food Science & Nutrition Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Lee YM, Han SI, Song BC, Yeum KJ. Bioactives in Commonly Consumed Cereal Grains: Implications for Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. J Med Food 2015; 18:1179-86. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Mi Lee
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Han
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Korea
| | - Byeng Chun Song
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Yeum
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
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18
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Luthria DL, Lu Y, John KM. Bioactive phytochemicals in wheat: Extraction, analysis, processing, and functional properties. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Masisi K, Diehl-Jones WL, Gordon J, Chapman D, Moghadasian MH, Beta T. Carotenoids of aleurone, germ, and endosperm fractions of barley, corn and wheat differentially inhibit oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2715-2724. [PMID: 25706713 DOI: 10.1021/jf5058606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant potential of carotenoids from aleurone, germ, and endosperm fractions of barley, corn, and wheat has been evaluated. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of lutein and zeaxanthin carotenoids (nd-15139 μg/kg) in extracts of cereal grain fractions. The antioxidant properties using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays revealed significantly higher (P<0.001) antioxidant activity in the germ than in the aleurone and endosperm fractions. Using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, 2,2'azobis (2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced cell loss was effectively reduced by preincubating Caco-2, HT-29, and FHs 74 Int cells with carotenoid extracts. Moreover, carotenoid extracts reduced (P<0.001) AAPH-induced intracellular oxidation in the cell lines, suggesting antioxidant activity. Of the 84 antioxidant pathway genes included in microarray array analysis (HT-29 cells), the expressions of 28 genes were enhanced (P<0.05). Our findings suggest that carotenoids of germ, aleurone, and endosperm fractions improved antioxidant capacity and thus have the potential to mitigate oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William L Diehl-Jones
- ΔManitoba Institute of Child Health, John Buhler Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Joseph Gordon
- ΔManitoba Institute of Child Health, John Buhler Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
- †Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0J9
| | - Donald Chapman
- ΔManitoba Institute of Child Health, John Buhler Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Mohammed H Moghadasian
- ○Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R2H 2A6
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Impact of supercritical CO2 and traditional solvent extraction systems on the extractability of alkylresorcinols, phenolic profile and their antioxidant activity in wheat bran. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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21
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Shi Y, Johnson J, O'Shea M, Chu YF. The Bioavailability and Metabolism of Phenolics, a Class of Antioxidants Found in Grains. CEREAL FOOD WORLD 2014. [DOI: 10.1094/cfw-59-2-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Shi
- PepsiCo R&D Nutrition, Barrington, IL, U.S.A
| | - J. Johnson
- PepsiCo R&D Nutrition, Barrington, IL, U.S.A
| | - M. O'Shea
- PepsiCo R&D Nutrition, Barrington, IL, U.S.A
| | - Y.-F. Chu
- PepsiCo R&D Nutrition, Barrington, IL, U.S.A
- Corresponding author. PepsiCo R&D Nutrition, 617 W. Main St., Barrington, IL 60010, U.S.A.Tel: +1.847.304.2006; Fax: +1.847.304.2029
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22
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Potential of flaxseed in the development of omega-3 rice paper with antioxidant activity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Gunenc A, HadiNezhad M, Tamburic-Ilincic L, Mayer PM, Hosseinian F. Effects of region and cultivar on alkylresorcinols content and composition in wheat bran and their antioxidant activity. J Cereal Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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24
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Stability and antioxidant activity of alkyresorcinols in breads enriched with hard and soft wheat brans. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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25
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Zhu Y, Soroka DN, Sang S. Synthesis and inhibitory activities against colon cancer cell growth and proteasome of alkylresorcinols. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8624-8631. [PMID: 22897570 DOI: 10.1021/jf302872a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We have identified alkylresorcinols (ARs) as the major active components in wheat bran against human colon cancer cell growth (HCT-116 and HT-29) using a bioassay-guided approach. To further study the structure-activity relationships, 15 ARs and their intermediates (1-15) were synthesized expediently by the modified Wittig reaction in aqueous media, and six 5-alkylpyrogallols and their analogues (16-21) were prepared by the general Grignard reaction. The synthetic AR analogues were evaluated for activities against the growth of human colon cancer cells HCT-116 and HT-29 and the chymotrypsin-like activity of the human 20S proteasome. Our results found that (1) AR C13:0 and C15:0 (13 and 14) had the greatest inhibitory effects in human colon cancer cells HCT-116 and HT-29, while decreasing or increasing the side chain lengths diminished the activities; (2) two free meta-hydroxyl groups at C-1 and C-3 on the aromatic ring of the AR analogues greatly contributed to their antitumor activity; (3) the introduction of a third hydroxyl group at C-2 (20 and 21) into the aromatic ring of the AR analogues yielded no significant enhancement in activity against HCT-116 cells and decimated the effects against HT-29 cells, but dramatically increased the activity against the chymotrypsin-like activity of the human 20S proteasome; and (4) AR C11:0 (12) was found to have the greatest effect in a series of AR C9:0-C17:0 against the chymotrypsin-like activity of the human 20S proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Zhu
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
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Cereal bran: the next super food with significant antioxidant and anticancer potential. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12349-012-0091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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