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Chen Y, Chen Y, Fang Y, Pei Z, Zhang W. Coconut milk treated by atmospheric cold plasma: Effect on quality and stability. Food Chem 2024; 430:137045. [PMID: 37541035 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Commercial sterilization plays an important role in extending the shelf-life of coconut milk. However, thermal sterilization affects the quality of coconut milk. This study was initiated to evaluate the effects of atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) treatment on some important quality parameters of coconut milk. ACP treatment had a slight effect on physicochemical characteristics and nutritional ingredients while it obviously reduced the colony count. Furthermore, ACP treatment obviously promoted the formation of lactone, an indispensable volatile substance in coconut milk. Insufficient or moderate ACP treatment had subtle effect on the sensory quality. Notably, moderate ACP treatment reduced the droplet size from 28.0 μm to 18.6 μm, and improved the stability during storage and centrifugation, especially at 60 kV 60 s. Overall, sterilization of coconut milk by ACP at 60 kV 60 s was the most ideal. This study can provide theoretical guidance for the application of ACP in liquid food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yile Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yajing Fang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Zhisheng Pei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China.
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2
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Lo Turco V, Sgrò B, Albergamo A, Nava V, Rando R, Potortì AG, Di Bella G. Assessment of the Accuracy of Nutrition Label and Chemical Composition of Plant-Based Milks Available on the Italian Market. Foods 2023; 12:3207. [PMID: 37685140 PMCID: PMC10486939 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing health, environmental, and ethical concerns have encouraged interest in plant-based milks (PBMs), but it remains questionable whether the nutrition labeling of these products is adequately reliable for consumers, and whether nutritional standards can be defined for a given PBM type. On this basis, cereal, pseudocereal, nut, and legume PBMs available on the Italian market were analyzed in order to check the accuracy of nutritional labels on packages and generate new or updated compositional data. Most labels provided inaccurate information, especially with respect to the declared energy, fat, and saturated fat. Cereal- and pseudocereal-based PBMs were generally characterized by high MUFA (34.04-59.35%) and PUFA (21.61-52.27%). Almond, soy, rice, and hazelnut beverages displayed the highest levels of total tocopherols (11.29-13.68 mg/L), while buckwheat and spelt PBMs had the highest total polyphenol content (34.25-52.27 mg GAE/100 mL). Major and trace elements greatly varied among samples, being more abundant in buckwheat and coconut-based drinks. A PCA confirmed that nutritional standards cannot be unequivocally established for a given PBM, and indicated that, among the investigated variables, inorganic elements had more weight in the sample differentiation. Overall, to reliably guide consumers in their dietary choices, there is a need for greater accuracy in the development of nutrition labels for PBMs, as well as greater effort in assessing the nutritional quality of the ever-increasing variety of products available on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Lo Turco
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (B.S.); (R.R.); (A.G.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Benedetta Sgrò
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (B.S.); (R.R.); (A.G.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Ambrogina Albergamo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (B.S.); (R.R.); (A.G.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Nava
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rossana Rando
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (B.S.); (R.R.); (A.G.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Angela Giorgia Potortì
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (B.S.); (R.R.); (A.G.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Giuseppa Di Bella
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98122 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (B.S.); (R.R.); (A.G.P.); (G.D.B.)
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3
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Félix JW, Granados-Alegría MI, Gómez-Tah R, Tzec-Simá M, Ruíz-May E, Canto-Canché B, Zamora-Briseño JA, Bojórquez-Velázquez E, Oropeza-Salín C, Islas-Flores I. Proteome Landscape during Ripening of Solid Endosperm from Two Different Coconut Cultivars Reveals Contrasting Carbohydrate and Fatty Acid Metabolic Pathway Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10431. [PMID: 37445609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocos nucifera L. is a crop grown in the humid tropics. It is grouped into two classes of varieties: dwarf and tall; regardless of the variety, the endosperm of the coconut accumulates carbohydrates in the early stages of maturation and fatty acids in the later stages, although the biochemical factors that determine such behavior remain unknown. We used tandem mass tagging with synchronous precursor selection (TMT-SPS-MS3) to analyze the proteomes of solid endosperms from Yucatan green dwarf (YGD) and Mexican pacific tall (MPT) coconut cultivars. The analysis was conducted at immature, intermediate, and mature development stages to better understand the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms. Proteomic analyses showed 244 proteins in YGD and 347 in MPT; from these, 155 proteins were shared between both cultivars. Furthermore, the proteomes related to glycolysis, photosynthesis, and gluconeogenesis, and those associated with the biosynthesis and elongation of fatty acids, were up-accumulated in the solid endosperm of MPT, while in YGD, they were down-accumulated. These results support that carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolisms differ among the developmental stages of the solid endosperm and between the dwarf and tall cultivars. This is the first proteomics study comparing different stages of maturity in two contrasting coconut cultivars and may help in understanding the maturity process in other palms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Wildort Félix
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - María Inés Granados-Alegría
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Rufino Gómez-Tah
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Miguel Tzec-Simá
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Eliel Ruíz-May
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Colonia El Haya, Xalapa C.P. 91073, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Blondy Canto-Canché
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jesús Alejandro Zamora-Briseño
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Colonia El Haya, Xalapa C.P. 91073, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Esaú Bojórquez-Velázquez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Colonia El Haya, Xalapa C.P. 91073, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Carlos Oropeza-Salín
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Islas-Flores
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
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4
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Guo H, Li C, Lai J, Tong H, Cao Z, Wang C, Zhao W, He L, Wang S, Yang J, Long T. Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Regulatory Network of Coconut Nutrients. Metabolites 2023; 13:683. [PMID: 37367842 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coconut flesh is widely consumed in the market for its good flavor. However, a comprehensive and dynamic assessment of the nutrients in coconut flesh and their molecular regulatory mechanisms is lacking. In this study, the metabolite accumulation and gene expression of three representative coconut cultivars belonging to two subspecies were investigated using ultra performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 6101 features were detected, of which 52, 8, and 158 were identified as amino acids and derivatives, polyamines, and lipids, respectively. The analysis of the metabolite pathway showed that glutathione and α-linolenate were the main differential metabolites. Transcriptome data revealed significant differences in the expression of five glutathione structural genes and thirteen polyamine-regulated genes, consistent with trends in metabolite accumulation. Weighted correlation network and co-expression analyses showed that a novel gene WRKY28 was implicated in the regulation of lipid synthesis. These results broaden our understanding of coconut nutrition metabolism and provide new insights into the molecular basis of coconut nutrition metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chun Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jun Lai
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haiyang Tong
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhenfeng Cao
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wenyu Zhao
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Liqiang He
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tuan Long
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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5
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Xin Y, Wang Q, Shen C, Hu C, Shi X, Lv N, Du X, Xu G, Xu J. Medium-chain triglyceride production in Nannochloropsis via a fatty acid chain length discriminating mechanism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1658-1672. [PMID: 36040196 PMCID: PMC9614496 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Depending on their fatty acid (FA) chain length, triacylglycerols (TAGs) have distinct applications; thus, a feedstock with a genetically designed chain length is desirable to maximize process efficiency and product versatility. Here, ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo profiling of the large set of type-2 diacylglycerol acyltransferases (NoDGAT2s) in the industrial oleaginous microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica revealed two endoplasmic reticulum-localized enzymes that can assemble medium-chain FAs (MCFAs) with 8-12 carbons into TAGs. Specifically, NoDGAT2D serves as a generalist that assembles C8-C18 FAs into TAG, whereas NoDGAT2H is a specialist that incorporates only MCFAs into TAG. Based on such specialization, stacking of NoDGAT2D with MCFA- or diacylglycerol-supplying enzymes or regulators, including rationally engineering Cuphea palustris acyl carrier protein thioesterase, Cocos nucifera lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, and Arabidopsis thaliana WRINKLED1, elevated the medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) share in total TAG 66-fold and MCT productivity 64.8-fold at the peak phase of oil production. Such functional specialization of NoDGAT2s in the chain length of substrates and products reveals a dimension of control in the cellular TAG profile, which can be exploited for producing designer oils in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xin
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qintao Wang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunxiu Hu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xianzhe Shi
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Nana Lv
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuefeng Du
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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6
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Hall RD, Trevisan F, de Vos RCH. Coffee berry and green bean chemistry - Opportunities for improving cup quality and crop circularity. Food Res Int 2022; 151:110825. [PMID: 34980376 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Coffee cup quality is primarily determined by the type and variety of green beans chosen and the roasting regime used. Furthermore, green coffee beans are not only the starting point for the production of all coffee beverages but also are a major source of revenue for many sub-tropical countries. Green bean quality is directly related to its biochemical composition which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Post-harvest, on-farm processing methods are now particularly recognised as being influential to bean chemistry and final cup quality. However, research on green coffee has been limited and results are fragmented. Despite this, there are already indications that multiple factors play a role in determining green coffee chemistry - including plant cultivation/fruit ripening issues and ending with farmer practices and post-harvest storage conditions. Here, we provide the first overview of the knowledge determined so far specifically for pre-factory, green coffee composition. In addition, the potential of coffee waste biomass in a biobased economy context for the delivery of useful bioactives is described as this is becoming a topic of growing relevance within the coffee industry. We draw attention to a general lack of consistency in experimentation and reporting and call for a more intensive and united effort to build up our knowledge both of green bean composition and also how perturbations in genetic and environmental factors impact bean chemistry, crop sustainability and ultimately, cup quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Hall
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Fabio Trevisan
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ric C H de Vos
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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7
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Azevedo EPDP, dos Santos Alves EM, de Souza JRB, de Araújo KS, de Santana Khan S, Alves de Mendonça CE, Maciel MIS. Fatty acid in raw and heated coconut oil in eleven coconut oil food preparations analysed by gas chromatography. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2021.100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Du X, Wang L, Huang X, Jing H, Ye X, Gao W, Bai X, Wang H. Effects of different extraction methods on structure and properties of soluble dietary fiber from defatted coconut flour. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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9
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Wang H, Lu J, Chen X, Schwalbe M, Gorka JE, Mandel JA, Wang J, Goetzman ES, Ranganathan S, Dobrowolski SF, Prochownik EV. Acquired deficiency of peroxisomal dicarboxylic acid catabolism is a metabolic vulnerability in hepatoblastoma. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100283. [PMID: 33450224 PMCID: PMC7948956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming provides transformed cells with proliferative and/or survival advantages. Capitalizing on this therapeutically, however, has been only moderately successful because of the relatively small magnitude of these differences and because cancers may further adapt their metabolism to evade metabolic pathway inhibition. Mice lacking the peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (Ehhadh) and supplemented with the 12-carbon fatty acid lauric acid (C12) accumulate the toxic metabolite dodecanedioic acid (DDDA), which causes acute hepatocyte necrosis and liver failure. We noted that, in a murine model of pediatric hepatoblastoma (HB) and in primary human HBs, downregulation of Ehhadh occurs in association with the suppression of mitochondrial β- and endosomal/peroxisomal ω-fatty acid oxidation pathways. This suggested that HBs might be more susceptible than normal liver tissue to C12 dietary intervention. Indeed, HB-bearing mice provided with C12- and/or DDDA-supplemented diets survived significantly longer than those on standard diets. In addition, larger tumors developed massive necrosis following short-term DDDA administration. In some HBs, the eventual development of DDDA resistance was associated with 129 transcript differences, ∼90% of which were downregulated, and approximately two-thirds of which correlated with survival in numerous human cancers. These transcripts often encoded extracellular matrix components, suggesting that DDDA resistance arises from reduced Ehhadh uptake. Lower Ehhadh expression was also noted in murine hepatocellular carcinomas and in subsets of certain human cancers, supporting the likely generality of these results. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of C12 or DDDA dietary supplementation that is nontoxic, inexpensive, and likely compatible with more standard chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jie Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; School of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Marie Schwalbe
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joanna E Gorka
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jordan A Mandel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Eric S Goetzman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Steven F Dobrowolski
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; The Hillman Cancer Center, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; The Pittsburgh Liver Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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10
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Determining the Arrhenius Kinetics of Avocado Oil: Oxidative Stability under Rancimat Test Conditions. Foods 2019; 8:foods8070236. [PMID: 31261986 PMCID: PMC6679119 DOI: 10.3390/foods8070236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Avocado is a highly potential functional fruit with significant health benefits which has high demand for consumption with a preferable taste. The fruit is one of the oil sources that still needs further examination on its probable kinetic behavior and oxidative stability as well as some characteristic behavior to commercialize and increase the market demand as functional oil. Hence, this study was motivated primarily for obtaining the Arrhenius kinetic information about avocado oil to evaluate the oxidative stability and provide predictive information about the shelf life by using the Rancimat method which is an accelerated shelf life test. Specifically, this research paper presents the study of the physical, physicochemical, chemical, and oxidative stability tests with the shelf life expectancy and kinetic property of avocado oil. According to the analyses, avocado oil has 210 days of predicted shelf life at 25 °C. This gives it a greater chance to be considered a good alternative to other oils as well as its antioxidant and phenolic content. According to the findings presented in this study, avocado oil has a very similar profile to olive oil and can be used as an alternative functional oil source.
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11
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Zheng Y, Jin Y, Yuan Y, Feng D, Chen L, Li D, Zhou P. Identification and function analysis of a type 2 diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT2) from the endosperm of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). Gene 2019; 702:75-82. [PMID: 30928362 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the most characteristic plants of tropical areas. Coconut oil and its derivatives have been widely used in various industries. In this paper, a type 2 diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT2), which is one of the key enzymes involved in triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis, was first characterized in coconut pulp (endosperm). The results indicated that CoDGAT2 was highly expressed in coconut pulp approximately 7 months after pollination. The heterologous expression of CoDGAT2 in the mutant yeast H1246 restored TAG biosynthesis in the yeast, which exhibited substrate preference for two unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1). Moreover, the seed-specific overexpression of CoDGAT2 in Arabidopsis thaliana led to a significant increase in the linoleic acid (C18:2) content (approximately 6%) compared with that in the wild type. In contrast, the proportions of eicosadienoic acid (C20:1) and arachidic acid (C20:0) were decreased. These results offer new insights on the function of CoDGAT2 in coconut and provide a novel molecular target for lipid genetic modification to change the fatty acid (FA) composition of oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Department of Bioengineering, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yuanhang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Department of Bioengineering, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yijun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Department of Bioengineering, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Department of Bioengineering, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Lizhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Department of Bioengineering, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Department of Bioengineering, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
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de Oliveira E, Quitete FT, Bernardino DN, Guarda DS, Caramez FAH, Soares PN, Peixoto TC, Rodrigues VST, Trevenzoli IH, Moura EG, Lisboa PC. Maternal coconut oil intake on lactation programs for endocannabinoid system dysfunction in adult offspring. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 130:12-21. [PMID: 31059745 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to coconut oil metabolically programs adult offspring for overweight, hyperphagia and hyperleptinemia. We studied the neuroendocrine mechanisms by which coconut oil supplementation during breastfeeding as well as continued exposure of this oil throughout life affect the feeding behavior of the progeny. At birth, pups were divided into two groups: Soybean oil (SO) and Coconut oil (CO). Dams received these oils by gavage (0.5 g/kg body mass/day) during lactation. Half of the CO group continued to receive CO in chow throughout life (CO + C). Adult CO and CO + C groups had overweight; the CO group had hyperphagia, higher visceral adiposity, and hyperleptinemia, while the CO + C group had hypophagia only. The CO group showed higher DAGLα (endocannabinoid synthesis) but no alteration of FAAH (endocannabinoid degradation) or CB1R. Leptin signaling and GLP1R were unchanged in the CO group, which did not explain its phenotype. Hyperphagia in these animals can be due to higher DAGLα, increasing the production of 2-AG, an orexigenic mediator. The CO + C group had higher preference for fat and lower hypothalamic GLP1R content. Continuous exposure to coconut oil prevented an increase in DAGLα. The CO + C group, although hypophagic, showed greater voracity when exposed to a hyperlipidemic diet, maybe due to lower GLP1R, since GLP1 inhibits short-term food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Fernanda T Quitete
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Dayse N Bernardino
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Deysla S Guarda
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Fabiele A H Caramez
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Patrícia N Soares
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Thamara C Peixoto
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S T Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Isis H Trevenzoli
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Egberto G Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Patrícia C Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
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Reynolds KB, Cullerne DP, El Tahchy A, Rolland V, Blanchard CL, Wood CC, Singh SP, Petrie JR. Identification of Genes Involved in Lipid Biosynthesis through de novo Transcriptome Assembly from Cocos nucifera Developing Endosperm. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:945-960. [PMID: 30608545 PMCID: PMC6498750 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cocos nucifera (coconut), a member of the Arecaceae family, is an economically important woody palm that is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions. The coconut palm is well known for its ability to accumulate large amounts of oil, approximately 63% of the seed weight. Coconut oil varies significantly from other vegetable oils as it contains a high proportion of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA; 85%). The unique composition of coconut oil raises interest in understanding how the coconut palm produces oil of a high saturated MCFA content, and if such an oil profile could be replicated via biotechnology interventions. Although some gene discovery work has been performed there is still a significant gap in the knowledge associated with coconut's oil production pathways. In this study, a de novo transcriptome was assembled for developing coconut endosperm to identify genes involved in the synthesis of lipids, particularly triacylglycerol. Of particular interest were thioesterases, acyltransferases and oleosins because of their involvement in the processes of releasing fatty acids for assembly, esterification of fatty acids into glycerolipids and protecting oils from degradation, respectively. It is hypothesized that some of these genes may exhibit a strong substrate preference for MCFA and hence may assist the future development of vegetable oils with an enriched MCFA composition. In this study, we identified and confirmed functionality of five candidate genes from the gene families of interest. This study will benefit future work in areas of increasing vegetable oil production and the tailoring of oil fatty acid compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B Reynolds
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren P Cullerne
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Anna El Tahchy
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Vivien Rolland
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Christopher L Blanchard
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Craig C Wood
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Surinder P Singh
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - James R Petrie
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Reynolds KB, Taylor MC, Cullerne DP, Blanchard CL, Wood CC, Singh SP, Petrie JR. A reconfigured Kennedy pathway which promotes efficient accumulation of medium-chain fatty acids in leaf oils. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:1397-1408. [PMID: 28301719 PMCID: PMC5633779 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA, C6-14 fatty acids) are an ideal feedstock for biodiesel and broader oleochemicals. In recent decades, several studies have used transgenic engineering to produce MCFA in seeds oils, although these modifications result in unbalance membrane lipid profiles that impair oil yields and agronomic performance. Given the ability to engineer nonseed organs to produce oils, we have previously demonstrated that MCFA profiles can be produced in leaves, but this also results in unbalanced membrane lipid profiles and undesirable chlorosis and cell death. Here we demonstrate that the introduction of a diacylglycerol acyltransferase from oil palm, EgDGAT1, was necessary to channel nascent MCFA directly into leaf oils and therefore bypassing MCFA residing in membrane lipids. This pathway resulted in increased flux towards MCFA rich leaf oils, reduced MCFA in leaf membrane lipids and, crucially, the alleviation of chlorosis. Deep sequencing of African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) generated candidate genes of interest, which were then tested for their ability to improve oil accumulation. Thioesterases were explored for the production of lauric acid (C12:0) and myristic (C14:0). The thioesterases from Umbellularia californica and Cinnamomum camphora produced a total of 52% C12:0 and 40% C14:0, respectively, in transient leaf assays. This study demonstrated that the introduction of a complete acyl-CoA-dependent pathway for the synthesis of MFCA-rich oils avoided disturbing membrane homoeostasis and cell death phenotypes. This study outlines a transgenic strategy for the engineering of biomass crops with high levels of MCFA rich leaf oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B. Reynolds
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and FoodActonACTAustralia
- Department of Primary IndustriesGraham Centre for Agricultural InnovationCharles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSWAustralia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional GrainsCharles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSWAustralia
| | - Matthew C. Taylor
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganizationLand and WaterActonACTAustralia
| | - Darren P. Cullerne
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and FoodActonACTAustralia
- School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Christopher L. Blanchard
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional GrainsCharles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSWAustralia
| | - Craig C. Wood
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and FoodActonACTAustralia
| | - Surinder P. Singh
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and FoodActonACTAustralia
| | - James R. Petrie
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and FoodActonACTAustralia
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15
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Arunachalam V, Rajesh MK. Coconut Genetic Diversity, Conservation and Utilization. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND BIODIVERSITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66426-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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16
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Alves NFB, Porpino SKP, Monteiro MMO, Gomes ERM, Braga VA. Coconut oil supplementation and physical exercise improves baroreflex sensitivity and oxidative stress in hypertensive rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:393-400. [PMID: 25659569 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that oral supplementation with virgin coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.) and exercise training would improve impaired baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and reduce oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was tested. Adult male SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were divided into 5 groups: WKY + saline (n = 8); SHR + saline (n = 8); SHR + coconut oil (2 mL·day(-1), n = 8); SHR + trained (n = 8); and SHR + trained + coconut oil (n = 8). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded and BRS was tested using phenylephrine (8 μg/kg, intravenous) and sodium nitroprusside (25 μg·kg(-1), intravenous). Oxidative stress was measured using dihydroethidium in heart and aorta. SHR + saline, SHR + coconut oil, and SHR + trained group showed higher MAP compared with WKY + saline (175 ± 6, 148 ± 6, 147 ± 7 vs. 113 ± 2 mm Hg; p < 0.05). SHR + coconut oil, SHR + trained group, and SHR + trained + coconut oil groups presented lower MAP compared with SHR + saline group (148 ± 6, 147 ± 7, 134 ± 8 vs. 175 ± 6 mm Hg; p < 0.05). Coconut oil combined with exercise training improved BRS in SHR compared with SHR + saline group (-2.47 ± 0.3 vs. -1.39 ± 0.09 beats·min(-1)·mm Hg(-1); p < 0.05). SHR + saline group showed higher superoxide levels when compared with WKY + saline (774 ± 31 vs. 634 ± 19 arbitrary units (AU), respectively; p < 0.05). SHR + trained + coconut oil group presented reduced oxidative stress compared with SHR + saline in heart (622 ± 16 vs. 774 ± 31 AU, p < 0.05). In aorta, coconut oil reduced oxidative stress in SHR compared with SHR + saline group (454 ± 33 vs. 689 ± 29 AU, p < 0.05). Oral supplementation with coconut oil combined with exercise training improved impaired BRS and reduced oxidative stress in SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiane F B Alves
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
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De novo transcriptome sequence assembly from coconut leaves and seeds with a focus on factors involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2014; 4:2147-57. [PMID: 25193496 PMCID: PMC4232540 DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.013409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) is a symbol of the tropics and a source of numerous edible and nonedible products of economic value. Despite its nutritional and industrial significance, coconut remains under-represented in public repositories for genomic and transcriptomic data. We report de novo transcript assembly from RNA-seq data and analysis of gene expression in seed tissues (embryo and endosperm) and leaves of a dwarf coconut variety. Assembly of 10 GB sequencing data for each tissue resulted in 58,211 total unigenes in embryo, 61,152 in endosperm, and 33,446 in leaf. Within each unigene pool, 24,857 could be annotated in embryo, 29,731 could be annotated in endosperm, and 26,064 could be annotated in leaf. A KEGG analysis identified 138, 138, and 139 pathways, respectively, in transcriptomes of embryo, endosperm, and leaf tissues. Given the extraordinarily large size of coconut seeds and the importance of small RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation during seed development in model plants, we used homology searches to identify putative homologs of factors required for RNA-directed DNA methylation in coconut. The findings suggest that RNA-directed DNA methylation is important during coconut seed development, particularly in maturing endosperm. This dataset will expand the genomics resources available for coconut and provide a foundation for more detailed analyses that may assist molecular breeding strategies aimed at improving this major tropical crop.
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Ding J, Loizides-Mangold U, Rando G, Zoete V, Michielin O, Reddy JK, Wahli W, Riezman H, Thorens B. The peroxisomal enzyme L-PBE is required to prevent the dietary toxicity of medium-chain fatty acids. Cell Rep 2013; 5:248-58. [PMID: 24075987 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific metabolic pathways are activated by different nutrients to adapt the organism to available resources. Although essential, these mechanisms are incompletely defined. Here, we report that medium-chain fatty acids contained in coconut oil, a major source of dietary fat, induce the liver ω-oxidation genes Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14 to increase the production of dicarboxylic fatty acids. Furthermore, these activate all ω- and β-oxidation pathways through peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) α and PPARγ, an activation loop normally kept under control by dicarboxylic fatty acid degradation by the peroxisomal enzyme L-PBE. Indeed, L-pbe(-/-) mice fed coconut oil overaccumulate dicarboxylic fatty acids, which activate all fatty acid oxidation pathways and lead to liver inflammation, fibrosis, and death. Thus, the correct homeostasis of dicarboxylic fatty acids is a means to regulate the efficient utilization of ingested medium-chain fatty acids, and its deregulation exemplifies the intricate relationship between impaired metabolism and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ding
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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