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Song X, Sun J, Liu H, Mushtaq A, Huang Z, Li D, Zhang L, Chen F. Lycopene Alleviates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Steatohepatitis through Inhibition of the ASK1-JNK Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7832-7844. [PMID: 38544357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Lycopene has been proven to alleviate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the precise mechanisms are inadequately elucidated. In this study, we found a previously unknown regulatory effect of lycopene on the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) signaling pathway in both in vivo and in vitro models. Lycopene supplementation (3 and 6 mg/kg/day) exhibited a significant reduction in lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis of the liver in mice fed with a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet or a methionine-choline-deficient diet. RNA sequencing uncovered that the mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway, which is closely associated with inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, was significantly downregulated by lycopene. Furthermore, we found lycopene ameliorated ER swelling and decreased the expression levels of ER stress markers (i.e., immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein, C/EBP homologous protein, and X-box binding protein 1s). Especially, the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α involved in the ASK1 phosphorylation was inhibited by lycopene, resulting in the decline of the subsequent c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling cascade. ASK1 inhibitor DQOP-1 eliminated the lycopene-induced inhibition of the ASK1-JNK pathway in oleic acid and palmitic acid-induced HepG2 cells. Molecular docking further indicated hydrophobic interactions between lycopene and ASK1. Collectively, our research indicates that lycopene can alleviate ER stress and attenuate inflammation cascades and lipid accumulation by inhibiting the ASK1-JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyu Song
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hanxiong Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Aroosa Mushtaq
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhoumei Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Daotong Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lujia Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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2
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Pratelli G, Tamburini B, Carlisi D, De Blasio A, D’Anneo A, Emanuele S, Notaro A, Affranchi F, Giuliano M, Seidita A, Lauricella M, Di Liberto D. Foodomics-Based Approaches Shed Light on the Potential Protective Effects of Polyphenols in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14619. [PMID: 37834065 PMCID: PMC10572570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract (GT) caused by a wide range of genetic, microbial, and environmental factors. IBD is characterized by chronic inflammation and decreased gut microbial diversity, dysbiosis, with a lower number of beneficial bacteria and a concomitant increase in pathogenic species. It is well known that dysbiosis is closely related to the induction of inflammation and oxidative stress, the latter caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cellular antioxidant capacity, leading to cellular ROS accumulation. ROS are responsible for intestinal epithelium oxidative damage and the increased intestinal permeability found in IBD patients, and their reduction could represent a potential therapeutic strategy to limit IBD progression and alleviate its symptoms. Recent evidence has highlighted that dietary polyphenols, the natural antioxidants, can maintain redox equilibrium in the GT, preventing gut dysbiosis, intestinal epithelium damage, and radical inflammatory responses. Here, we suggest that the relatively new foodomics approaches, together with new technologies for promoting the antioxidative properties of dietary polyphenols, including novel delivery systems, chemical modifications, and combination strategies, may provide critical insights to determine the clinical value of polyphenols for IBD therapy and a comprehensive perspective for implementing natural antioxidants as potential IBD candidate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pratelli
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Bartolo Tamburini
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
| | - Anna De Blasio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Antonella D’Anneo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Sonia Emanuele
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
| | - Antonietta Notaro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Federica Affranchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Michela Giuliano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Aurelio Seidita
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
| | - Diana Di Liberto
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
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3
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Jamieson PE, Carbonero F, Stevens JF. Dietary (poly)phenols mitigate inflammatory bowel disease: Therapeutic targets, mechanisms of action, and clinical observations. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100521. [PMID: 37266414 PMCID: PMC10230173 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are a rapidly growing public health concern worldwide. These diseases are heterogeneous at the clinical, immunological, molecular, genetic, and microbial level, but characteristically involve a disrupted immune-microbiome axis. Shortcomings in conventional treatment options warrant the need for novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate these life-long and relapsing disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Polyphenols, a diverse group of phytochemicals, have gained attention as candidate treatments due to their array of biological effects. Polyphenols exert broad anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through the modulation of cellular signaling pathways and transcription factors important in IBD progression. Polyphenols also bidirectionally modulate the gut microbiome, supporting commensals and inhibiting pathogens. One of the primary means by which gut microbiota interface with the host is through the production of metabolites, which are small molecules produced as intermediate or end products of metabolism. There is growing evidence to support that modulation of the gut microbiome by polyphenols restores microbially derived metabolites critical to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis that are adversely disrupted in IBD. This review aims to define the therapeutic targets of polyphenols that may be important for mitigation of IBD symptoms, as well as to collate evidence for their clinical use from randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E. Jamieson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Franck Carbonero
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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4
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Liu S, Qin HH, Ji XR, Gan JW, Sun MJ, Tao J, Tao ZQ, Zhao GN, Ma BX. Virtual Screening of Nrf2 Dietary-Derived Agonists and Safety by a New Deep-Learning Model and Verified In Vitro and In Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:8038-8049. [PMID: 37196215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is an essential regulatory target of antioxidants, but the lack of Nrf2 active site information has hindered discovery of new Nrf2 agonists from food-derived compounds by large-scale virtual screening. Two deep-learning models were separately trained to screen for Nrf2-agonists and safety. The trained models screened potentially active chemicals from approximately 70,000 dietary compounds within 5 min. Of the 169 potential Nrf2 agonists identified via deep-learning screening, 137 had not been reported before. Six compounds selected from the new Nrf2 agonists significantly increased (p < 0.05) the activity of Nrf2 on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxicated HepG2 cells (nicotiflorin (99.44 ± 18.5%), artemetin (97.91 ± 8.22%), daidzin (87.73 ± 3.77%), linonin (74.27 ± 5.73%), sinensetin (72.74 ± 10.41%), and tectoridin (77.78 ± 4.80%)), and their safety were demonstrated by an MTT assay. The safety and Nrf2 agonistic activity of nicotiflorin, artemetin, and daidzin were also reconfirm by a single-dose acute oral toxicity study and CCl4-intoxicated rat assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Huan-Huan Qin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xin-Ran Ji
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jian-Wen Gan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Meng-Jia Sun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jin Tao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhuo-Qi Tao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Guang-Nian Zhao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bing-Xin Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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5
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Wu H, Yuan J, Yin H, Jing B, Sun C, Nguepi Tsopmejio IS, Jin Z, Song H. Flammulina velutipes stem regulates oxidative damage and synthesis of yolk precursors in aging laying hens by regulating the liver-blood-ovary axis. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102261. [PMID: 36410067 PMCID: PMC9678783 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg production levels in late laying hens are negatively correlated with increasing age. Decreased liver and ovarian function in aging laying hens is accompanied by decreased antioxidant capacity, reproductive hormone levels, and follicular development, resulting in decreased synthesis of yolk precursors. The golden needle mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic properties. We aimed to reveal the therapeutic effects of F. velutipes stem (FVS) on liver-blood-ovary axis and investigate the underlying mechanisms. A total of 360 sixty-seven-wk-old laying hens were randomized into 4 treatment groups: 1) basal maize-soybean meal diet (CON); 2) basal maize + 20 g/kg FVS (2% FVS); 3) basal maize + 40 g/kg FVS (4% FVS); and 4) basal maize + 60 g/kg FVS (6% FVS). FVS groups demonstrated significantly increased egg production and ovarian development compared with the CON group. The addition of FVS increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px, T-SOD, and T-AOC) in the liver, serum, and ovaries and decreased malondialdehyde levels by regulating the expression of proteins related to the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Additionally, FVS significantly decreased ovarian apoptosis by regulating Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase3 mRNA and protein expression levels. FVS significantly increased the expression levels of estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone and their respective receptors. With increased levels of estradiol transported to the liver through the bloodstream, targeted binding to estrogen receptor (ER)-α and ER-β led to significant increases in ApoVLDL II, ApoB, and VTG II mRNA expression associated with yolk precursor synthesis. FVS decreased the levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol and significantly increased the expression of lipid metabolism, and transport-related mRNAs (FAS, PPAR-a/γ, and MTTP) in the liver. Therefore, the dietary supplementation of FVS can maintain the productive performance of aging laying hens by alleviating the degree of oxidative stress and regulating the transport of functional substances along the liver-blood-ovary axis, thereby improving the synthesis of yolk precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Wu
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yuan
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Haixu Yin
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jing
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Chang Sun
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | | | - Zhouyu Jin
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Hui Song
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China,Engineering Research Center of the Chinenese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, P. R. China,Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, P. R. China,Corresponding author:
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6
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Takatani N, Beppu F, Yamano Y, Maoka T, Miyashita K, Hosokawa M. Preparation of Apoastaxanthinals and Evaluation of Their Anti-inflammatory Action against Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages and Adipocytes. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22341-22350. [PMID: 35811858 PMCID: PMC9260902 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Apocarotenoids are carotenoid derivatives in which the polyene chain is cleaved via enzymatic or nonenzymatic action. They are found in animal tissues and carotenoid-containing foods. However, limited information on the biological functions of apocarotenoids is available. Here, we prepared apocarotenoids from astaxanthin via chemical oxidation and evaluated their anti-inflammatory action against macrophages and adipocytes. A series of astaxanthin-derived apoastaxanthinals, apo-11-, apo-15-, apo-14'-, apo-12'-, apo-10'-, and apo-8'-astaxanthinals, were successfully characterized by chromatography and spectroscopic analysis. The apoastaxanthinals inhibited inflammatory cytokine production and mRNA expression against lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Apoastaxanthinals suppressed interleukin-6 overexpression in an in vitro model with macrophages and adipocytes in the following cultures: (1) contact coculture of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages and (2) 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a RAW264.7-derived conditioned media. These results indicate that the apoastaxanthinals have the potential for regulation of adipose tissue inflammation observed in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takatani
- Faculty
of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Beppu
- Faculty
of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamano
- Comprehensive
Education and Research Center, Kobe Pharmaceutical
University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Research
Institute for Production and Development, 15 Shimogamo-morimoto-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan
| | - Kazuo Miyashita
- Faculty
of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Masashi Hosokawa
- Faculty
of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
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7
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Moran NE, Thomas-Ahner JM, Wan L, Zuniga KE, Erdman JW, Clinton SK. Tomatoes, Lycopene, and Prostate Cancer: What Have We Learned from Experimental Models? J Nutr 2022; 152:1381-1403. [PMID: 35278075 PMCID: PMC9178968 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidemiology suggests a protective effect of tomatoes or tomato phytochemicals, such as lycopene, on prostate cancer risk. However, human epidemiology alone cannot reveal causal relations. Laboratory animal models of prostate cancer provide opportunities to investigate hypotheses regarding dietary components in precisely controlled, experimental systems, contributing to our understanding of diet and cancer risk relations. We review the published studies evaluating the impact of tomatoes and/or lycopene in preclinical models of prostate carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. The feeding of tomatoes or tomato components demonstrates anti-prostate cancer activity in both transplantable xenograft models of tumorigenesis and models of chemically- and genetically-driven carcinogenesis. Feeding pure lycopene shows anticancer activity in most studies, although outcomes vary by model system, suggesting that the impact of pure lycopene can depend on dose, duration, and specific carcinogenic processes represented in different models. Nonetheless, studies with the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model of carcinogenesis typically demonstrate similar bioactivity to that of tomato feeding. In general, interventions that commence earlier in carcinogenesis and are sustained tend to be more efficacious. Accumulated data suggest that lycopene is one, but perhaps not the only, anticancer bioactive compound in tomatoes. Although it is clear that tomatoes and lycopene have anti-prostate cancer activity in rodent models, major knowledge gaps remain in understanding dose-response relations and molecular mechanisms of action. Published and future findings from rodent studies can provide guidance for translational scientists to design and execute informative human clinical trials of prostate cancer prevention or in support of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Moran
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer M Thomas-Ahner
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lei Wan
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Interdisciplinary Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Krystle E Zuniga
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - John W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Steven K Clinton
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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8
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Chien MH, Shih PC, Ding YF, Chen LH, Hsieh FK, Tsai MY, Li PY, Lin CW, Yang SF. Curcumin analog, GO-Y078, induces HO-1 transactivation-mediated apoptotic cell death of oral cancer cells by triggering MAPK pathways and AP-1 DNA-binding activity. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:375-388. [PMID: 35361044 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2061349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GO-Y078, a new synthetic analogue of curcumin (CUR), has higher oral bioavailability and anticancer activity than CUR, but the oncostatic effect of GO-Y078 on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is largely unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the present study, we examined the oncostatic properties and possible mechanisms of GO-Y078 on human SCC-9 and HSC-3 OSCC cells. Results: Our results indicated that GO-Y078 showed a cytostatic effect against OSCC cells, and this antiproliferative phenomenon stemmed from a mechanism involving multiple levels of cooperation, including cell-cycle G2/M arrest and apoptosis induction. Mechanistically, GO-Y078 treatment induced caspase-mediated apoptosis via upregulating two apoptosis-modulating proteins, SMAC/DIABLO and heme oxygenase (HO)-1. GO-Y078 transcriptionally induced upregulation of the HO-1 gene by increasing the AP-1 DNA-binding activity, which was initiated by activation of the p38 /JNK1/2 pathways. In the clinic, patients with head and neck cancers expressed lower HO-1 and SMAC/DIABLO levels in primary cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. Clinical datasets also revealed that patients with head and neck cancers expressing high HO-1 had a favorable prognosis. Conclusions: Our results provide new insights into the role of GO-Y078-induced molecular regulation in suppressing OSCC growth and suggest that GO-Y078 has potential therapeutic applications for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Shih
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Ding
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Koo Hsieh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meng-Ying Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Li
- Graduate Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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9
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Marzocco S, Singla RK, Capasso A. Multifaceted Effects of Lycopene: A Boulevard to the Multitarget-Based Treatment for Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175333. [PMID: 34500768 PMCID: PMC8434243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is a pigment belonging to the group of carotenoids and it is among the most carefully studied antioxidants found especially in fruit and vegetables. As a carotenoid, lycopene exerts beneficial effects on human health by protecting lipids, proteins, and DNA from damage by oxidation. Lycopene is a powerful oxygen inactivator in the singlet state. This is suggestive of the fact that lycopene harbors comparatively stronger antioxidant properties over other carotenoids normally present in plasma. Lycopene is also reported to hinder cancer cell proliferation. The uncontrolled, rapid division of cells is a characteristic of the metabolism of cancer cells. Evidently, lycopene causes a delay in the progression of the cell cycle, which explains its antitumor activity. Furthermore, lycopene can block cell transformation by reducing the loss of contact inhibition of cancer cells. This paper collects recent studies of scientific evidence that show the multiple beneficial properties of lycopene, which acts with different molecular and cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089-96-92-50
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi 110059, India
| | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
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10
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Carranza ADV, Bonacci G, Moran Y, Asprelli P, Carrari F, Asis R. Assessment and characterization of tomato lipophilic electrophiles and their potential contribution to nutraceutical properties via SKN-1/Nrf2 signaling activation. Food Chem 2021; 366:130531. [PMID: 34284182 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical electrophiles are drawing significant attention due to their properties to modulate signaling pathways related to cellular homeostasis. The aim of this study was to develop new tools to examine the electrophilic activity in food and predict their beneficial effects on health. We developed a spectrophotometric assay based on the nitrobenzenethiol (NBT) reactivity, as a thiol-reactive nucleophile, to screen electrophiles in tomato fruits. The method is robust, simple, inexpensive, and could be applied to other types of food. We quantified the electrophile activity in a tomato collection and associated this activity with the pigment composition. Thus, we identified lycopene, β- and γ-carotenes, 16 by-products of carotenoid oxidation and 18 unknown compounds as NBT-reactive by HPLC-MS/MS. The potential benefits of NBT-reactive compounds on health were evaluated in the in vivo model of C. elegans where they activated the SKN-1/Nrf2 pathway, evidencing the ability of electrophilic compounds to induce a biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Del Valle Carranza
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Bonacci
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yanina Moran
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo Asprelli
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, La Consulta, M5567 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Fernando Carrari
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ramón Asis
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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11
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Puah BP, Jalil J, Attiq A, Kamisah Y. New Insights into Molecular Mechanism behind Anti-Cancer Activities of Lycopene. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133888. [PMID: 34202203 PMCID: PMC8270321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is a well-known compound found commonly in tomatoes which brings wide range of health benefits against cardiovascular diseases and cancers. From an anti-cancer perspective, lycopene is often associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer and people often look for it as a dietary supplement which may help to prevent cancer. Previous scientific evidence exhibited that the anti-cancer activity of lycopene relies on its ability to suppress oncogene expressions and induce proapoptotic pathways. To further explore the real potential of lycopene in cancer prevention, this review discusses the new insights and perspectives on the anti-cancer activities of lycopene which could help to drive new direction for research. The relationship between inflammation and cancer is being highlighted, whereby lycopene suppresses cancer via resolution of inflammation are also discussed herein. The immune system was found to be a part of the anti-cancer system of lycopene as it modulates immune cells to suppress tumor growth and progression. Lycopene, which is under the family of carotenoids, was found to play special role in suppressing lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon-Peng Puah
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9289-7533
| | - Ali Attiq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia;
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
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12
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Wang X, Han C, Cui Y, Geng Y, Wei Y, Shi W, Bao Y. Florfenicol induces renal toxicity in chicks by promoting oxidative stress and apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:936-946. [PMID: 32827115 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To explore the mechanism of renal toxicity induced by florfenicol (FFC), 120 chicks were randomly divided into 6 groups, 20 in each group. Except for the control group, different doses of FFC (0.15 g/L, 0.3 g/L, 0.6 g/L, 1.2 g/L, and 1.8 g/L) were added to drinking water in the other 5 groups. Five days later, blood was collected from the vein under the wing, and the complete kidneys were obtained as soon as possible, then tested the experimental indicators. The results showed that compared with control group, all doses of FFC significantly reduced the average weight gain of chicks (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Except for the 0.15 g/L FFC group, kidney index of chicks in the other doses of FFC groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The kidney tissues in all FFC groups showed obvious damage, deformities, cell atrophy, and cell gap enlargement. In addition, all doses of FFC significantly increased the contents of uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE) in serum, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in renal tissue (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), but significantly reduced the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in renal tissue (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). FFC significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression levels of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate: quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1), and increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of p53, Caspase-3, and Caspase-6 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The apoptotic rate of renal cells in all doses of FFC groups increased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). It was concluded that FFC had a certain degree of nephrotoxicity, and with the increase of FFC concentration, the kidney injury of chicks became more and more serious. FFC promoted oxidative stress response in kidney of chicks by inhibiting the expression of related factors in Nrf2-ARE pathway. Moreover, the expression of pro-apoptotic factors was upregulated to improve the apoptosis rate of renal cells, which resulted in excessive apoptosis of renal cells and seriously affected the kidney function of chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Chao Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Yuqing Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Yumeng Geng
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Wanyu Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Yongzhan Bao
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Baoding, 071001, China.
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13
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Kaempferol Prevents Against Ang II-induced Cardiac Remodeling Through Attenuating Ang II-induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 74:326-335. [PMID: 31356553 PMCID: PMC6791499 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure characterized by cardiac remodeling is a global problem. Angiotensin II (Ang II) induces cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress, which also is implicated in the pathophysiology of adverse collagen accumulation-induced remodeling. Kaempferol (KPF), a kind of flavonoid compounds, is capable of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, the target of KPF still remains blurred. In this study, we investigated the effect of KPF on Ang II-induced collagen accumulation and explored the underlying mechanisms. Our results suggested that KPF prevented Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction, in mice challenged with subcutaneous injection of Ang II. In culture cells, KPF significantly reduced Ang II-induced collagen accumulation. Furthermore, KPF remarkably decreased inflammation and oxidative stress in Ang II-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts by modulating NF-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase and AMPK/Nrf2 pathways.
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14
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Han C, Wei Y, Cui Y, Geng Y, Bao Y, Shi W. Florfenicol induces oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis in broilers via Nrf2 pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110239. [PMID: 31991393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the mechanism of liver injury induced by florfenicol (FFC) in broilers, one hundred and twenty broilers were randomly divided into six groups, twenty broilers in each group. Except for control group, the other five groups were given different doses of FFC (0.15 g/L, 0.3 g/L, 0.6 g/L, 1.2 g/L and 1.8 g/L) in drinking water. After five days of continuous use, blood was collected from the subpterional vein and the chickens' liver were obtained. Chicken weight gain and liver indices were calculated; blood routine analysis was performed; the oxidative stress and apoptosis of hepatocytes was detected. The results showed that compared with the control group, except for 0.15 g/L FFC, the other doses of FFC significantly decreased the weight gain, white blood cell (WBC) and platelet (PLT) contents in blood, 0.3 g/mL FFC and 1.8 g/L FFC significantly reduced the content of hemoglobin (RGB) (P < 0.05); all doses of FFC significant decreased red blood cell (RBC) increased Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) contents in serum of chickens (P < 0.05), and significantly decreased the contents of albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP) in serum (P < 0.05), but had no significant effect on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) contents(P > 0.05). FFC significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum and liver tissues, but decreased glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) content (P < 0.05), and significantly inhibited the mRNA transcription and protein expression of antioxidant proteins nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone-1 (NQO-1)(P < 0.05). FFC also inhibited the content and the transcription level of cytochrome P4501A1(CYP1A1) and CYP2H1 in liver (P < 0.05). At the same time, FFC significantly promoted the apoptotic rate of hepatocytes and the mRNA transcription and protein expression of caspase-3 and caspase-6 (P < 0.05). With the increase of FFC concentration, liver injury became more and more serious, which affected liver function in chickens by inhibiting enzyme activity in Nrf2-ARE pathway to increase oxidative stress and promoting apoptotic protein expression to accelerate hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yuqing Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yumemg Geng
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yongzhan Bao
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China; Hebei Provincial Engineering Center for Chinese Veterinary Herbal Medicine, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Wanyu Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China; Hebei Provincial Engineering Center for Chinese Veterinary Herbal Medicine, Baoding, 071001, China.
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15
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Takahashi S, Waki N, Mohri S, Takahashi H, Ara T, Aizawa K, Suganuma H, Kawada T, Goto T. Apo-12'-lycopenal, a Lycopene Metabolite, Promotes Adipocyte Differentiation via Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Activation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:13152-13161. [PMID: 30449105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Apo-lycopenals, lycopene metabolites produced by an initial cleavage by β,β-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase, exhibit diverse biologically active effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of apo-lycopenals on the activation of nuclear receptors involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Only apo-12'-lycopenal exhibited selective and dose-dependent transactivation activity for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), whereas neither apo-6'- nor apo-8'-lycopenals displayed this activity ((7.83 ± 0.66)-, (1.32 ± 0.10)-, and (1.31 ± 0.37)-fold higher activity relative to control, respectively). Additionally, apo-12'-lycopenal promoted adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and subsequently increased the mRNA levels of PPARγ (a (2.36 ± 0.07)-fold increase relative to control; p < 0.01) and its target genes, as well as enhanced adiponectin secretion (a (3.25 ± 0.27)-fold increase relative to control; p < 0.01) and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (1486 ± 85 pmol/well; p < 0.001) in 3T3-L1 cells. Our results indicated that apo-12'-lycopenal promoted adipocyte differentiation by direct binding and activation of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Takahashi
- Nature & Wellness Department, Innovation Division , Kagome Co., Ltd. , Nasushiobara , Tochigi 329-2762 , Japan
| | - Naoko Waki
- Nature & Wellness Department, Innovation Division , Kagome Co., Ltd. , Nasushiobara , Tochigi 329-2762 , Japan
| | - Shinsuke Mohri
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Haruya Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Takeshi Ara
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Koichi Aizawa
- Nature & Wellness Department, Innovation Division , Kagome Co., Ltd. , Nasushiobara , Tochigi 329-2762 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suganuma
- Nature & Wellness Department, Innovation Division , Kagome Co., Ltd. , Nasushiobara , Tochigi 329-2762 , Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
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16
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Tomato lycopene prevention of alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma development. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2018; 4:211-224. [PMID: 30603740 PMCID: PMC6308920 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in the United States, and chronic, excessive alcohol consumption is responsible for 32%–45% of all the liver cancer cases in the United States. Avoidance of chronic or excessive alcohol intake is the best protection against alcohol-related liver injury; however, the social presence and addictive power of alcohol are strong. Induction of the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) enzyme by chronic and excessive alcohol intake is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of ALD. High intake of tomatoes, rich in the carotenoid lycopene, is associated with a decreased risk of chronic disease. The review will overview the prevention of ALD and HCC through dietary tomato rich in lycopene as an effective intervention strategy and the crucial role of CYP2E1 induction as a molecular target. The review also indicates a need for caution among individuals consuming both alcohol and high dose lycopene as a dietary supplement.
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17
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Yuan HX, Feng XE, Liu EL, Ge R, Zhang YL, Xiao BG, Li QS. 5,2'-dibromo-2,4',5'-trihydroxydiphenylmethanone attenuates LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in EA.hy926 cells via HMBOX1 induction. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:453-463. [PMID: 30358079 PMCID: PMC6307801 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). 5,2′‐dibromo‐2,4′,5′‐trihydroxydiphenylmethanone (TDD), possess anti‐atherogenic properties; however, its underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to understand the therapeutic molecular mechanism of TDD in inflammatory response and oxidative stress in EA.hy926 cells. Microarray analysis revealed that the expression of homeobox containing 1 (HMBOX1) was dramatically upregulated in TDD‐treated EA.hy926 cells. According to the gene ontology (GO) analysis of microarray data, TDD significantly influenced the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS); it suppressed the LPS‐induced adhesion of monocytes to EA.hy926 cells. Simultaneously, TDD dose‐dependently inhibited the production or expression of IL‐6, IL‐1β, MCP‐1, TNF‐α, VCAM‐1, ICAM‐1 and E‐selectin as well as ROS in LPS‐stimulated EA.hy926 cells. HMBOX1 knockdown using RNA interference attenuated the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative effects of TDD. Furthermore, TDD inhibited LPS‐induced NF‐κB and MAPK activation in EA.hy926 cells, but this effect was abolished by HMBOX1 knockdown. Overall, these results demonstrate that TDD activates HMBOX1, which is an inducible protective mechanism that inhibits LPS‐induced inflammation and ROS production in EA.hy926 cells by the subsequent inhibition of redox‐sensitive NF‐κB and MAPK activation. Our study suggested that TDD may be a potential novel agent for treating endothelial cells dysfunction in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Yuan
- School of Public Health Science & Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiu-E Feng
- School of Public Health Science & Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - En-Li Liu
- School of Public Health Science & Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Ge
- School of Public Health Science & Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Zhang
- School of Public Health Science & Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qing-Shan Li
- School of Public Health Science & Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese medicine, Taiyuan, China
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18
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Ma BX, Meng XS, Tong J, Ge LL, Zhou G, Wang YW. Protective effects of Coptis chinensis inflorescence extract and linarin against carbon tetrachloride-induced damage in HepG2 cells through the MAPK/Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Food Funct 2018; 9:2353-2361. [PMID: 29589629 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00078f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coptis chinensis inflorescence is traditionally used as tea and has been popular in the local market. C. chinensis inflorescence extract (CE) exhibits protective effects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced damage, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The main chemicals of CE were detected, purified, and identified in this study. CE and linarin could reverse changes in cell viability, decrease alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase levels, and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by CCl4 in HepG2 cells. CE and linarin could also phosphorylate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and up-regulate Kelth-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1). The pathways of MAPKs and Keap1 lead to the separation of Keap1 and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). Free Nrf2 transferred to the nucleus and enhanced the expression of phase II detoxification enzymes. This study provides a scientific basis for the use of C. chinensis inflorescence, which exhibits a hepatoprotective function, as a supplement in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Xin Ma
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Pan X, Wu X, Yan D, Peng C, Rao C, Yan H. Acrylamide-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response are alleviated by N-acetylcysteine in PC12 cells: Involvement of the crosstalk between Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways regulated by MAPKs. Toxicol Lett 2018; 288:55-64. [PMID: 29426002 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is a classic neurotoxin in animals and humans. However, the mechanism underlying ACR neurotoxicity remains controversial, and effective prevention and treatment measures against this condition are scarce. This study focused on clarifying the crosstalk between the involved signaling pathways in ACR-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response and investigating the protective effect of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against ACR in PC12 cells. Results revealed that ACR exposure led to oxidative stress characterized by significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione (GSH) consumption. Inflammatory response was observed based on the dose-dependently increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). NAC attenuated ACR-induced enhancement of MDA and ROS levels and TNF-α generation. In addition, ACR activated nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Knockdown of Nrf2 by siRNA significantly blocked the increased NF-κB p65 protein expression in ACR-treated PC12 cells. Down-regulation of NF-κB by specific inhibitor BAY11-7082 similarly reduced ACR-induced increase in Nrf2 protein expression. NAC treatment increased Nrf2 expression and suppressed NF-κB p65 expression to ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammatory response caused by ACR. Further results showed that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway was activated prior to the activation of Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways. Inhibition of MAPKs blocked Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways. Collectively, ACR activated Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways which were regulated by MAPKs. A crosstalk between Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways existed in ACR-induced cell damage. NAC protected against oxidative damage and inflammatory response induced by ACR by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting NF-κB pathways in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Pan
- Department of Health Toxicology, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Health Toxicology, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dandan Yan
- Department of Health Toxicology, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Chaolong Rao
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Health Toxicology, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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20
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Apo-10'-lycopenoic acid inhibits cancer cell migration and angiogenesis and induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 56:26-34. [PMID: 29454996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE We have previously shown that apo-10'-lycopenoic acid (ALA), a derivative of lycopene through cleavage by carotene-9',10'-oxygenase, inhibits tumor progression and metastasis in both liver and lung cancer animal models. The underlying mechanism remains unknown. We hypothesized that ALA inhibits cancer cell motility and angiogenesis by up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) which is involved in controlling angiogenesis, tumor progression and metastasis. METHODS AND RESULTS ALA treatment, in dose-dependent manner, was effective at inhibiting migration and invasion of liver and lung cancer cells (HuH7 and A549) in both Transwell and wound-healing models, as well as suppressing actin remodeling and ruffling/lamellipodia formation in HuH7 and immortalized lung BEAS-2B cells. ALA treatment resulted in suppression of angiogenesis in both tube formation and aortic ring assays and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression and activation in both HuH7 and A549 cells. Additionally, ALA dose-dependently increased the mRNA expression and protein levels of PPARγ in human THLE-2 liver cells. CONCLUSION ALA inhibits cancer cell motility and angiogenesis and induces PPARγ expression, which could be one of the potential mechanisms for ALA protecting against tumor progression.
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Singh A, Yashavarddhan MH, Kalita B, Ranjan R, Bajaj S, Prakash H, Gupta ML. Podophyllotoxin and Rutin Modulates Ionizing Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptotic Cell Death in Mice Bone Marrow and Spleen. Front Immunol 2017; 8:183. [PMID: 28289414 PMCID: PMC5326804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is aimed to investigate the radioprotective efficacy of G-003M (combination of podophyllotoxin and rutin) against gamma radiation-induced oxidative stress and subsequent cell death in mice bone marrow and spleen. Prophylactic administration of G-003M (−1 h) rendered more than 85% survival in mice exposed to 9 Gy (lethal dose) with dose reduction factor of 1.26. G-003M pretreated mice demonstrated significantly reduced level of reactive oxygen species, membrane lipid peroxidation, and retained glutathione level. In the same group, we obtained increased expression of master redox regulator, nuclear factor erythroid-derived like-2 factor (Nrf-2), and its downstream targets (heme oxygenase-1, Nqo-1, glutathione S-transferase, and thioredoxin reductase-1). In addition, G-003M preadministration has also shown a significant reduction in Keap-1 level (Nrf-2 inhibitor). Radiation-induced lethality was significantly amended in combination-treated (G-003M) mice as demonstrated by reduced 8-OHdG, annexin V FITC+ cells, and restored mitochondrial membrane potential. Expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL was restored in G-003M pretreated group. However, proapoptotic proteins (Puma, Bax, Bak, Caspase-3, and Caspase-7) were significantly declined in this group. Further analysis of immune cells revealed G-003M-mediated restoration of CD3 and CD19 receptor, which was found decreased to significant level following irradiation. Similarly, Gr-1, a marker of granulocytes, was also retained by G-003M administration prior to radiation. Modulatory potential of this formulation (G-003M) can be exploited as a safe and effective countermeasure against radiation-induced lymphohemopoietic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Singh
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization , Delhi , India
| | - M H Yashavarddhan
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization , Delhi , India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization , Delhi , India
| | - Rajiv Ranjan
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization , Delhi , India
| | - Sania Bajaj
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization , Delhi , India
| | - Hridayesh Prakash
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India
| | - Manju Lata Gupta
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization , Delhi , India
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22
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Toxic metabolites, MAPK and Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathways involved in oxidative toxicity in mice liver after chronic exposure to Mequindox. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41854. [PMID: 28157180 PMCID: PMC5291092 DOI: 10.1038/srep41854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mequindox (MEQ) is a synthetic antimicrobial agent of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide group (QdNOs). The liver is regarded as the toxicity target of QdNOs, and the role of N → O group-associated various toxicities mediated by QdNOs is well recognized. However, the mechanism underlying the in vivo effects of MEQ on the liver, and whether the metabolic pathway of MEQ is altered in response to the pathophysiological conditions still remain unclear. We now provide evidence that MEQ triggers oxidative damage in the liver. Moreover, using LC/MS-ITTOF analysis, two metabolites of MEQ were detected in the liver, which directly confirms the potential connection between N → O group reduction metabolism of MEQ and liver toxicity. The gender difference in MEQ-induced oxidative stress might be due to adrenal toxicity and the generation of M4 (2-isoethanol 1-desoxymequindox). Furthermore, up-regulation of the MAPK and Nrf2-Keap1 family and phase II detoxifying enzymes (HO-1, GCLC and NQO1) were also observed. The present study demonstrated for the first time the protein peroxidation and a proposal metabolic pathway after chronic exposure of MEQ, and illustrated that the MAPK, Nrf2-Keap1 and NF-кB signaling pathways, as well as the altered metabolism of MEQ, were involved in oxidative toxicity mediated by MEQ in vivo.
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23
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Tan HL, Thomas-Ahner JM, Moran NE, Cooperstone JL, Erdman JW, Young GS, Clinton SK. β-Carotene 9',10' Oxygenase Modulates the Anticancer Activity of Dietary Tomato or Lycopene on Prostate Carcinogenesis in the TRAMP Model. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 10:161-169. [PMID: 27807077 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that dietary tomato consumption or the intake of the carotenoid lycopene inhibits prostate cancer arose from epidemiologic studies and is supported by preclinical rodent experiments and in vitro mechanistic studies. We hypothesize that variation in activity of carotenoid cleavage enzymes, such as β-carotene 9',10'-oxygenase (BCO2), may alter the impact of dietary tomato and lycopene on prostate carcinogenesis and therefore examined this relationship in the TRAMP model. Starting at 3 weeks of age, TRAMP:Bco2+/+ and TRAMP:Bco2-/- mice were fed either AIN-93G control, or semipurified diets containing 10% tomato powder or 0.25% lycopene beadlets until 18 weeks of age. Both tomato- and lycopene-fed TRAMP:Bco2-/- mice had significantly greater serum concentrations of total, 5-cis, other cis, and all-trans lycopene than TRAMP:Bco2+/+ mice. Tomato- and lycopene-fed mice had a lower incidence of prostate cancer compared with the control-fed mice. Although Bco2 genotype alone did not significantly change prostate cancer outcome in the control AIN-93G-fed mice, the abilities of lycopene and tomato feeding to inhibit prostate carcinogenesis were significantly attenuated by the loss of Bco2 (Pinteraction = 0.0004 and 0.0383, respectively). Overall, dietary tomato and lycopene inhibited the progression of prostate cancer in TRAMP in a Bco2 genotype-specific manner, potentially implicating the anticancer activity of lycopene cleavage products. This study suggests that genetic variables impacting carotenoid metabolism and accumulation can impact anticancer activity and that future efforts devoted to understanding the interface between tomato carotenoid intake, host genetics, and metabolism will be necessary to clearly elucidate their interactive roles in human prostate carcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res; 10(2); 161-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Li Tan
- The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jennifer M Thomas-Ahner
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nancy E Moran
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jessica L Cooperstone
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John W Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Gregory S Young
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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24
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Ahn CB, Je JY, Kim YS, Park SJ, Kim BI. Induction of Nrf2-mediated phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in vitro by chitosan-caffeic acid against hydrogen peroxide-induced hepatotoxicity through JNK/ERK pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 424:79-86. [PMID: 27743232 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of chitosan is a promising method for the improvement of biological activity. In this study, chitosan-caffeic acid (CCA) was prepared and its in vitro hepatoprotective ability against hydrogen peroxide-induced hepatic damage in liver cells was evaluated. Treatment with CCA (50-400 µg/mL) did not show cytotoxicity and also significantly (p < 0.05) recovered cell viability against 650 µM hydrogen peroxide-induced hepatotoxicity. CCA treatment attenuated reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation in addition to increasing cellular glutathione level in cultured hepatocytes. To validate the underlying mechanism, antioxidant and phase II detoxifying enzyme expressions, which are mediated by NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation, were analyzed and CCA treatment was found to increase the expression of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), glutathione reductase (GR), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). CCA treatment resulted in increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation. The phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by CCA treatment contributed to Nrf2 activation. Pharmacological blockade of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK revealed that SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) and PD98059 (ERK inhibitor) treatment reduced Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus while SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) exhibited weak inhibition. Collectively, CCA protects liver cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury and this ability is attributed to the induction of antioxidants and phase II detoxifying enzymes that are mediated by Nrf2 translocation via JNK/ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Bum Ahn
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Je
- Department of Marine-Bio Convergence Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48547, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Sang Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Joo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Boo Il Kim
- Specialized Graduate School of Science & Technology Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48547, Republic of Korea
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25
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Jia D, Lu W, Zhang X, Cai G, Teng L, Wang X, Zhang M, Zeng Y, Liang C, Wang D. Calf Spleen Extractive Injection (CSEI), a small peptides enriched extraction, induces human hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis via ROS/MAPKs dependent mitochondrial pathway. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 132:122-130. [PMID: 28314430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Calf Spleen Extractive Injection (CSEI), a small peptides enriched extraction, performs immunomodulatory activity on cancer patients suffering from radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The present study aims to investigate the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects of CSEI in cells and tumor-xenografted mouse models. In HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells, CSEI reduced cell viability, enhanced apoptosis rate, caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, inhibited migration ability, and induced caspases cascade and mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation. CSEI significantly inhibited HepG2-xenografted tumor growth in nude mice. In cell and animal experiments, CSEI increased the activations of pro-apoptotic proteins including caspase 8, caspase 9 and caspase 3; meanwhile, it suppressed the expressions of anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and anti-oxidation proteins, such as nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and catalase (CAT). The enhanced phosphorylation of P38 and c-JunN-terminalkinase (JNK), and decreased phosphorylation of extra cellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERKs) were observed in CSEI-treated cells and tumor tissues. CSEI-induced cell viability reduction was significantly attenuated by N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (a ROS inhibitor) pretreatment. All data demonstrated that the upregulated oxidative stress status and the altered mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation contributed to CSEI-driven mitochondrial dysfunction. Taken together, CSEI exactly induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via ROS/MAPKs dependent mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Wenqian Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Xinrui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Guangsheng Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Lirong Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Minghai Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Yan Zeng
- JiLin AoDong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taonan, 137100, China.
| | - Chunhua Liang
- Jilin Institute for Drug Control, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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26
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Qin S, Hou DX. Multiple regulations of Keap1/Nrf2 system by dietary phytochemicals. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1731-55. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201501017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Qin
- Core Research Program 1515, Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province; College of Food Science and Technology; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
| | - De-Xing Hou
- Core Research Program 1515, Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province; College of Food Science and Technology; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha China
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences; Faculty of Agriculture; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
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27
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3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione protects retinal pigment epithelium cells against Ultra-violet radiation via activation of Akt-mTORC1-dependent Nrf2-HO-1 signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25525. [PMID: 27151674 PMCID: PMC4858705 DOI: 10.1038/srep25525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive UV radiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell injuries. Nrf2 regulates transcriptional activation of many anti-oxidant genes. Here, we tested the potential role of 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) against UV or ROS damages in cultured RPE cells (both primary cells and ARPE-19 line). We showed that D3T significantly inhibited UV-/H2O2-induced RPE cell death and apoptosis. UV-stimulated ROS production was dramatically inhibited by D3T pretreatment. D3T induced Nrf2 phosphorylation in cultured RPE cells, causing Nrf2 disassociation with KEAP1 and its subsequent nuclear accumulation. This led to expression of antioxidant response elements (ARE)-dependent gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Nrf2-HO-1 activation was required for D3T-mediated cytoprotective effect. Nrf2 shRNA knockdown or S40T dominant negative mutation as well as the HO-1 inhibitor Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) largely inhibited D3T’s RPE cytoprotective effects against UV radiation. Yet, exogenous overexpression Nrf2 enhanced D3T’s activity in RPE cells. Further studies showed that D3T activated Akt/mTORC1 in cultured RPE cells. Akt-mTORC1 inhibitors, or Akt1 knockdown by shRNA, not only inhibited D3T-induced Nrf2-HO-1 activation, but also abolished the RPE cytoprotective effects. In vivo, D3T intravitreal injection protected from light-induced retinal dysfunctions in mice. Thus, D3T protects RPE cells from UV-induced damages via activation of Akt-mTORC1-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling axis.
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28
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Ma B, Wang J, Tong J, Zhou G, Chen Y, He J, Wang Y. Protective effects of Chaenomeles thibetica extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced damage via the MAPK/Nrf2 pathway. Food Funct 2016; 7:1492-500. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chaenomeles thibetica extract possesses antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects against carbon tetrachloride-induced damage via the MAPK/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Ma
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Tong
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- People's Republic of China
| | - Gao Zhou
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsheng He
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- People's Republic of China
| | - Youwei Wang
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- People's Republic of China
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29
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Moran NE, Cichon MJ, Riedl KM, Grainger EM, Schwartz SJ, Novotny JA, Erdman JW, Clinton SK. Compartmental and noncompartmental modeling of ¹³C-lycopene absorption, isomerization, and distribution kinetics in healthy adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:1436-49. [PMID: 26561629 PMCID: PMC4658456 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.103143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lycopene, which is a red carotenoid in tomatoes, has been hypothesized to mediate disease-preventive effects associated with tomato consumption. Lycopene is consumed primarily as the all-trans geometric isomer in foods, whereas human plasma and tissues show greater proportions of cis isomers. OBJECTIVE With the use of compartmental modeling and stable isotope technology, we determined whether endogenous all-trans-to-cis-lycopene isomerization or isomeric-bioavailability differences underlie the greater proportion of lycopene cis isomers in human tissues than in tomato foods. DESIGN Healthy men (n = 4) and women (n = 4) consumed (13)C-lycopene (10.2 mg; 82% all-trans and 18% cis), and plasma was collected over 28 d. Unlabeled and (13)C-labeled total lycopene and lycopene-isomer plasma concentrations, which were measured with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, were fit to a 7-compartment model. RESULTS Subjects absorbed a mean ± SEM of 23% ± 6% of the lycopene. The proportion of plasma cis-(13)C-lycopene isomers increased over time, and all-trans had a shorter half-life than that of cis isomers (5.3 ± 0.3 and 8.8 ± 0.6 d, respectively; P < 0.001) and an earlier time to reach maximal plasma concentration than that of cis isomers (28 ± 7 and 48 ± 9 h, respectively). A compartmental model that allowed for interindividual differences in cis- and all-trans-lycopene bioavailability and endogenous trans-to-cis-lycopene isomerization was predictive of plasma (13)C and unlabeled cis- and all-trans-lycopene concentrations. Although the bioavailability of cis (24.5% ± 6%) and all-trans (23.2% ± 8%) isomers did not differ, endogenous isomerization (0.97 ± 0.25 μmol/d in the fast-turnover tissue lycopene pool) drove tissue and plasma isomeric profiles. CONCLUSION (13)C-Lycopene combined with physiologic compartmental modeling provides a strategy for following complex in vivo metabolic processes in humans and reveals that postabsorptive trans-to-cis-lycopene isomerization, and not the differential bioavailability of isomers, drives tissue and plasma enrichment of cis-lycopene. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01692340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Moran
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | - Kenneth M Riedl
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Food Science and Technology
| | | | - Steven J Schwartz
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Food Science and Technology
| | | | - John W Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Division of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Steven K Clinton
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Internal Medicine-Division of Medical Oncology, and The James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH;
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30
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Lee MS, Lee B, Park KE, Utsuki T, Shin T, Oh CW, Kim HR. Dieckol enhances the expression of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes by the activation of Nrf2–MAPK signalling pathway in HepG2 cells. Food Chem 2015; 174:538-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Bocci V, Valacchi G. Nrf2 activation as target to implement therapeutic treatments. Front Chem 2015; 3:4. [PMID: 25699252 PMCID: PMC4313773 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A chronic increase of oxidative stress is typical of serious pathologies such as myocardial infarction, stroke, chronic limb ischemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), type II-diabetes, age-related macular degeneration leads to an epic increase of morbidity and mortality in all countries of the world. The initial inflammation followed by an excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) implies a diffused cellular injury that needs to be corrected by an inducible expression of the innate detoxifying and antioxidant system. The transcription factor Nrf2, when properly activated, is able to restore a redox homeostasis and possibly improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velio Bocci
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
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32
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Jun YJ, Lee M, Shin T, Yoon N, Kim JH, Kim HR. eckol enhances heme oxygenase-1 expression through activation of Nrf2/JNK pathway in HepG2 cells. Molecules 2014; 19:15638-52. [PMID: 25268719 PMCID: PMC6271008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191015638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eckol isolated from Ecklonia stolonifera was previously reported to exhibit cytoprotective activity with its intrinsic antioxidant activity in in vitro studies. In this study, we characterized the mechanism underlying the eckol-mediated the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Eckol suppressed the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and increased glutathione level in HepG2 cells. Eckol treatment enhanced the expression of HO-1 at the both level of protein and mRNA in HepG2 cells. Enhanced expression of HO-1 by eckol was presumed to be the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) demonstrated by its nuclear translocation and increased transcriptional activity. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs) and PI3K/Akt contributed to Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression. These results demonstrate that the eckol-mediated expression of HO-1 in HepG2 cells is regulated by Nrf2 activation via JNK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, suggesting that eckol may be used as a natural antioxidant and cytoprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jin Jun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea.
| | - Minsup Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea.
| | - Taisun Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Korea.
| | - Nayoung Yoon
- Food Safety Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-eup, Busan 619-705, Korea.
| | - Ji-Hoe Kim
- Food Safety Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-eup, Busan 619-705, Korea.
| | - Hyeung-Rak Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea.
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Truong VL, Bak MJ, Jun M, Kong ANT, Ho CT, Jeong WS. Antioxidant defense and hepatoprotection by procyanidins from almond (Prunus amygdalus) skins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8668-8678. [PMID: 25119859 DOI: 10.1021/jf5027247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Procyanidins, polymeric flavan-3-ols, are known to possess antioxidant, antiatherogenic, and anticarcinogenic properties. In the present study, we investigated the role of almond (Prunus amygdalus) skin procyanidins (ASP) in regulating the protein expression of phase II detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes in HepG2 cells and acetaminophen (APAP)-treated hepatotoxic mice. Treatments of ASP significantly induced the expression of phase II enzymes including NAD(P)H quinoneoxidoreductase 1, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in the cells and mice. ASP also potently enhanced the expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and antioxidant response element (ARE)-reporter gene activity in vitro. APAP-induced hepatotoxic markers including AST and ALT in mice were inhibited by ASP administration. However, regulation of upstream kinases by ASP was different between in vitro and in vivo models. Collectively, ASP could induce the activation of Nrf2/ARE-mediated phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes but with differential regulation on upstream kinases between in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Long Truong
- Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University , Gimhae 621-749, Korea
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Wan Hasan WN, Kwak MK, Makpol S, Ngah WZW, Yusof YAM. Piper betle induces phase I & II genes through Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from wild type and Nrf2 knockout cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:72. [PMID: 24559113 PMCID: PMC3936848 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a primary transcription factor, protecting cells from oxidative stress by regulating a number of antioxidants and phase II detoxifying enzymes. Dietary components such as sulforaphane in broccoli and quercetin in onions have been shown to be inducers of Nrf2. Piper betle (PB) grows well in tropical climate and the leaves are used in a number of traditional remedies for the treatment of stomach ailments and infections among Asians. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of Piper betle (PB) leaves extract in Nrf2 signaling pathway by using 2 types of cells; mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from wild-type (WT) and Nrf2 knockout (N0) mice. Methods WT and N0 cells were treated with 5 and 10 μg/ml of PB for 10 and 12-h for the determination of nuclear translocation of Nrf2 protein. Luciferase reporter gene activity was performed to evaluate the antioxidant response element (ARE)-induction by PB. Real-time PCR and Western blot were conducted on both WT and N0 cells after PB treatment for the determination of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and heme-oxygenase (HO-1)], phase I oxidoreductase enzymes [NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1)] and phase II detoxifying enzyme [glutathione S-transferase (GST)]. Results Nuclear translocation of Nrf2 by PB in WT cells was better after 10 h incubation compared to 12 h. Real time PCR and Western blot analysis showed increased expressions of Nrf2, NQO1 and GSTA1 genes with corresponding increases in glutathione, NQO1 and HO-1 proteins in WT cells. Reporter gene ARE was stimulated by PB as shown by ARE/luciferase assay. Interestingly, PB induced SOD1 gene and protein expressions in N0 cells but not in WT cells. Conclusion The results of this study confirmed that PB activated Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway which subsequently induced some phase I oxidoreductase, phase II detoxifying and antioxidant genes expression via ARE reporter gene involved in the Nrf2 pathway with the exception of SOD1 which may not be dependent on this pathway.
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Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for lycopene intervention. Nutrients 2013; 6:124-62. [PMID: 24379011 PMCID: PMC3916853 DOI: 10.3390/nu6010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the consequences of the current obesity epidemic. NAFLD is a major form of chronic liver disease that is highly prevalent in obese and overweight adults and children. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the severe form of NAFLD, and uncontrolled inflammation as displayed in NASH has been identified as one of the key events in enhancing hepatic carcinogenesis. Lycopene is a non-provitamin A carotenoid and the pigment principally responsible for the characteristic deep-red color of ripe tomato and tomato products, as well as some fruits and vegetables. Lycopene's innate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have generated research interests on its capacity to protect against human diseases that are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, differential mechanisms of lycopene metabolism including endogenous cleavage by carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (BCOs), generate lycopene metabolites that may also have significant impact on human disease development. However, it remains to be elucidated as to whether lycopene or its metabolites apolycopenoids have protective effects against obesity-related complications including inflammation and tumorigenesis. This article summarizes the in vivo experiments that elucidated molecular mechanisms associated with obesity-related hepatic inflammation and carcinogenesis. This review also provides an overview of lycopene metabolism, and the molecular pathways involved in the potential beneficial properties of lycopene and apolycopenoids. More research is clearly needed to fully unravel the importance of BCOs in tomato carotenoid metabolism and the consequence on human health and diseases.
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Chen HY, Yueh TC, Chen YC, Huang CH, Yang CM, Hu ML. Antimetastatic effects of α-carotene and possible mechanisms of action in human hepatocarcinoma SK-Hep-1 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10368-10376. [PMID: 24131318 DOI: 10.1021/jf4033393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In vitro evidence suggests that α-carotene (AC) is an antimetastatic agent against cancer cells, but the mechanistic action is unclear. This study investigated the antimetastatic effect and possible mechanism of AC in comparison with β-carotene (BC) using human hepatocarcinoma SK-Hep-1 cells. Results reveal that treatment with AC (0.5-2.5 μM) for 48 h significantly inhibited invasion, migration, and adhesion of SK-Hep-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. These effects of AC were stronger than those of BC at the same concentration (2.5 μM). Mechanistically, AC significantly decreased activities of urokinase plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9, but increased protein expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1 and -2, and nm23-H1, an antimetastatic protein. AC also attenuated focal adhesion kinase-mediated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase family resulting in decreased protein expression of Rho and Rac 1. Overall, these data suggest that AC has potential as an antimetastatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Yan Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan 402
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Moran NE, Erdman JW, Clinton SK. Complex interactions between dietary and genetic factors impact lycopene metabolism and distribution. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 539:171-80. [PMID: 23845854 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Intake of lycopene, a red, tetraterpene carotenoid found in tomatoes is epidemiologically associated with a decreased risk of chronic disease processes, and lycopene has demonstrated bioactivity in numerous in vitro and animal models. However, our understanding of absorption, tissue distribution, and biological impact in humans remains very limited. Lycopene absorption is strongly impacted by dietary composition, especially the amount of fat. Concentrations of circulating lycopene in lipoproteins may be further influenced by a number of variations in genes related to lipid absorption and metabolism. Lycopene is not uniformly distributed among tissues, with adipose, liver, and blood being the major body pools, while the testes, adrenals, and liver have the greatest concentrations compared to other organs. Tissue concentrations of lycopene are likely dictated by expression of and genetic variation in lipoprotein receptors, cholesterol transporters, and carotenoid metabolizing enzymes, thus impacting lycopene accumulation at target sites of action. The novel application of genetic evaluation in concert with lycopene tracers will allow determination of which genes and polymorphisms define individual lycopene metabolic phenotypes, response to dietary variables, and ultimately determine biological and clinical outcomes. A better understanding of the relationship between diet, genetics, and lycopene distribution will provide necessary information to interpret epidemiological findings more accurately and to design effective, personalized clinical nutritional interventions addressing hypotheses regarding health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Moran
- Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Nuclear factor-E2 (Nrf2) is regulated through the differential activation of ERK1/2 and PKC α/βII by Gymnasterkoreayne B. Cancer Lett 2013; 330:225-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Su ZY, Shu L, Khor TO, Lee JH, Fuentes F, Tony Kong AN. A perspective on dietary phytochemicals and cancer chemoprevention: oxidative stress, nrf2, and epigenomics. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 329:133-62. [PMID: 22836898 PMCID: PMC3924422 DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and the antioxidative stress defense systems in cells. ROS/RNS or carcinogen metabolites can attack intracellular proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which can result in genetic mutations, carcinogenesis, and other diseases. Nrf2 plays a critical role in the regulation of many antioxidative stress/antioxidant and detoxification enzyme genes, such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), UDP-glucuronyl transferases (UGTs), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), directly via the antioxidant response element (ARE). Recently, many studies have shown that dietary phytochemicals possess cancer chemopreventive potential through the induction of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant/detoxification enzymes and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways to protect organisms against cellular damage caused by oxidative stress. In addition, carcinogenesis can be caused by epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and histone modifications in tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that several naturally occurring dietary phytochemicals can epigenetically modify the chromatin, including reactivating Nrf2 via demethylation of CpG islands and the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and/or histone acetyltransferases (HATs). The advancement and development of dietary phytochemicals in cancer chemoprevention research requires the integration of the known, and as-yet-unknown, compounds with the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant, detoxification, and anti-inflammatory systems and their in vitro and in vivo epigenetic mechanisms; human clinical efficacy studies must also be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yuan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Limin Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Tin Oo Khor
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jong Hun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Francisco Fuentes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Departamento de Agricultura del Desierto y Biotecnología, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique, Chile
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Tanaka T, Shnimizu M, Moriwaki H. Cancer chemoprevention by carotenoids. Molecules 2012; 17:3202-42. [PMID: 22418926 PMCID: PMC6268471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17033202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural fat-soluble pigments that provide bright coloration to plants and animals. Dietary intake of carotenoids is inversely associated with the risk of a variety of cancers in different tissues. Preclinical studies have shown that some carotenoids have potent antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting potential preventive and/or therapeutic roles for the compounds. Since chemoprevention is one of the most important strategies in the control of cancer development, molecular mechanism-based cancer chemoprevention using carotenoids seems to be an attractive approach. Various carotenoids, such as β-carotene, a-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, fucoxanthin, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin, have been proven to have anti-carcinogenic activity in several tissues, although high doses of β-carotene failed to exhibit chemopreventive activity in clinical trials. In this review, cancer prevention using carotenoids are reviewed and the possible mechanisms of action are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Tanaka
- Tohkai Cytopathology Institute, Cancer Research and Prevention-TCI-CaRP, 5-1-2 Minami-Uzura, Gifu 500-8285, Japan.
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