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Lan F, Wang X, Wang X, Ruan Y, Ding L, Liu D, Zhang T, Wang J. Simultaneous determination of four fungicide residues in figs using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5935. [PMID: 38924114 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Dissipative behavior and final residue levels of difenoconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, and pyraclostrobin in figs were investigated using field trials and laboratory assays. A three-factor, three-level orthogonal test was designed to optimize the pretreatment conditions of the method. A method was established using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of difenoconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, and pyraclostrobin residues in figs. The limit of quantification for all four targets in figs was 0.002 mg/kg. Difenoconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, and pyraclostrobin are readily digestible pesticides in figs with half-lives of 6.4, 6.2, 4.8, and 7.9 days, respectively. Residues of difenoconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, and pyraclostrobin in figs were below the European Union established residue levels of 0.1, 0.03, 0.01, and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively, at day 7 after application. Pyraclostrobin, propiconazole, difenoconazole, and prochloraz were applied twice at doses of 75, 125, 150, and 200 mg a.i./kg at 7-day intervals, and the residues of the four fungicides in figs were acceptable 7 days after the last application. Therefore, the safety interval can be set at 7 days for 70% difenoconazole-prochloraz wettable powder and 40% pyraclostrobin-propiconazole aqueous emulsion according to the protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lan
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality Safety and Nutrition of Characteristic Fruits, Quality Inspection Center, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Shandong Province, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality Safety and Nutrition of Characteristic Fruits, Quality Inspection Center, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Shandong Province, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality Safety and Nutrition of Characteristic Fruits, Quality Inspection Center, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Shandong Province, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Yinwei Ruan
- Regulatory Affair Department, Shandong Cynda Chemical Company Limited, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Li Ding
- General Section, Weihai Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Shandong Province, Weihai, P. R. China
| | - Daliang Liu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality Safety and Nutrition of Characteristic Fruits, Quality Inspection Center, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Shandong Province, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Tongliang Zhang
- Regulatory Affair Department, Shandong Cynda Chemical Company Limited, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality Safety and Nutrition of Characteristic Fruits, Quality Inspection Center, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Shandong Province, Yantai, P. R. China
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2
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Goulart AC, Rodrigues AAZ, Heleno FF, Faria AMD, Goulart SM, Queiroz MELRD. Liquid-liquid and solid-liquid extractions with low-temperature partitioning - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1316:342795. [PMID: 38969398 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The paper represents the first review of solvent extraction techniques utilizing the low-temperature partitioning/purification (LTP) approach. Initially conceived in the 1960s to purify extracts from fatty matrices, it wasn't until the 2000s that this approach received increasing attention for its efficacy in extracting organic compounds from diverse samples, often without additional cleanup steps. This review covers a brief history and proposes a mechanism for LTP-based solvent extraction. Furthermore, the principal practical issues of the technique are spotlighted, elucidating the factors influencing extraction efficiency. The advantages, limitations, and potential combinations with other extraction techniques of the LTP-based solvent extractions are analyzed. The versatility of the LTP approach is demonstrated by its applications in extracting various compounds from food, environmental, and biological samples, emphasizing its potential for rapid sample preparation with minimal steps, few chemicals, and minimal analyst intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernanda Fernandes Heleno
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/n, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Anizio Marcio de Faria
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais Do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Vinte, 1600, Bairro Tupã, 38304-402, Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
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3
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Radhakrishnan K, Suriyaprakash R, Balamurugan S, Kumar JV, Albeshr MF, Mythili R, Srinivasan P, Nunna GP, Ko TJ. Fluorometric detection of copper and imidacloprid using nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon dots: A promising method for environmental monitoring. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4849. [PMID: 39099225 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides in environmental samples pose significant risks to ecosystems and human health since they require precise and efficient detection methods. Imidacloprid (IMI), a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide, exemplifies these hazards due to its potential toxicity. This study addresses the urgent need for improved monitoring of such contaminants by introducing a novel fluorometric method for detecting IMI using nitrogen-doped graphite carbon dots (N-GCDs). The sensor operates by quenching fluorescence through the interaction of Cu2+ ions with N-GCDs. Subsequently, IMI binds to the imidazole group, chelates with Cu2+, and restores the fluorescence of N-GCDs. This alternating fluorescence behavior allows for the accurate identification of both Cu2+ and IMI. The sensor exhibits linear detection ranges of 20-100 nM for Cu2+ and 10-140 μg/L for IMI, with detection limits of 18 nM and 1.2 μg/L, respectively. The high sensitivity of this sensor enables the detection of real-world samples, which underscores its potential for practical use in environmental monitoring and agricultural safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kothalam Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Material Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
| | - Rajadesingu Suriyaprakash
- Centre for Research in Environment, Sustainability Advocacy and Climate Change (REACH), Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - S Balamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
| | - Jothi Vinoth Kumar
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mohammed F Albeshr
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Mythili
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - P Srinivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, PGP College of Arts and Science, Namakkal, India
| | - Guru Prakash Nunna
- School of General Education, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jo Ko
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Yang B, Tu M, Wang S, Ma W, Zhu Y, Ma Z, Li X. Neonicotinoid insecticides in plant-derived Foodstuffs: A review of separation and determination methods based on liquid chromatography. Food Chem 2024; 444:138695. [PMID: 38346362 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NEOs) are the most widely used insecticides globally. They can contaminate or migrate into foodstuffs and exert severe neonic toxicity on humans. Therefore, lots of feasible analytical methods were developed to assure food safety. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evaluation that the impacts of food attributes on the accurate determination of NEOs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of sample preparation methods regarding 6 categories of plant-derived foodstuffs. Currently, QuEChERS as the common strategy can effectively extract NEOs from plant-derived foodstuffs. Various enrichment technologies were developed for trace levels of NEOs in processed foodstuffs, and multifarious novel sorbents provided more possibility for removing complex matrices to lower matrix effects. Additionally, detection methods based on liquid chromatography were summarized and discussed in this review. Finally, some limitations were summarized and new directions were proposed for better advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengling Tu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xianjiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Yin S, Niu L, Liu Y. Recent Progress on Techniques in the Detection of Aflatoxin B 1 in Edible Oil: A Mini Review. Molecules 2022; 27:6141. [PMID: 36234684 PMCID: PMC9573432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of agricultural products and foods by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is becoming a serious global problem, and the presence of AFB1 in edible oil is frequent and has become inevitable, especially in underdeveloped countries and regions. As AFB1 results from a possible degradation of aflatoxins and the interaction of the resulting toxic compound with food components, it could cause chronic disease or severe cancers, increasing morbidity and mortality. Therefore, rapid and reliable detection methods are essential for checking AFB1 occurrence in foodstuffs to ensure food safety. Recently, new biosensor technologies have become a research hotspot due to their characteristics of speed and accuracy. This review describes various technologies such as chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, ELISA techniques, and biosensing techniques, along with their advantages and weaknesses, for AFB1 control in edible oil and provides new insight into AFB1 detection for future work. Although compared with other technologies, biosensor technology involves the cross integration of multiple technologies, such as spectral technology and new nano materials, and has great potential, some challenges regarding their stability, cost, etc., need further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Yin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Road, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liqiong Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Road, Binhu District, Wuxi 214122, China
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QuEChERS Method Combined with Gas- and Liquid-Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry to Screen and Confirm 237 Pesticides and Metabolites in Cottonseed Hull. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cottonseed hull is a livestock feed with large daily consumption. If pesticide residues exceed the standard, it is easy for them to be introduced into the human body through the food chain, with potential harm to consumer health. A method for multi-residue analysis of 237 pesticides and their metabolites in cottonseed hull was developed by gas-chromatography and liquid-chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF/MS and LC-QTOF/MS). After being hydrated, a sample was extracted with 1% acetic acid in acetonitrile, then purified in a clean-up tube containing 400 mg MgSO4, 100 mg PSA, and 100 mg C18. The results showed that this method has a significant effect in removing co-extracts from the oily matrix. The screening detection limit (SDL) was in the range of 0.2–20 μg/kg, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was in the range of 0.2–20 μg/kg. The recovery was verified at the spiked levels of 1-, 2-, and 10-times LOQ (n = 6), and the 237 pesticides were successfully verified. The percentages of pesticides with recovery in the range of 70–120% were 91.6%, 92.8%, and 94.5%, respectively, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of all pesticides were less than 20%. This method was successfully applied to the detection of real samples. Finally, this study effectively reduced the matrix effect of cottonseed hull, which provided necessary data support for the analysis of pesticide residues in oil crops.
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Peng S, Yang S, Zhang X, Jia J, Chen Q, Lian Y, Wang A, Zeng B, Yang H, Li J, Dan J, Liao J, Zhou S. Analysis of imidacloprid residues in mango, cowpea and water samples based on portable molecular imprinting sensors. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257042. [PMID: 34473806 PMCID: PMC8412333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide widely used in the production and cultivation of crops. In recent years, the extensive use of imidacloprid in agricultural production has resulted in large amounts of pesticide residues in agricultural products and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a rapid, accurate, sensitive and convenient method for detecting imidacloprid pesticide residues to ensure the safety of agricultural products and the environment. To clarify how to use the molecular imprinting method for the electrochemical rapid residue detection of imidacloprid. This paper selected reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles as modifiers modified on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) chitosan as a functional monomer, and imidacloprid as template molecule to prepare molecularly imprinted polymer, and applied this sensor to the residue detection of imidacloprid. The results showed that the concentration of imidacloprid showed a good linear relationship with the peak response current, and the detection limit of imidacloprid was 0.5 μM, while the sensor had good repeatability and interference resistance. The recoveries of imidacloprid spiked on three samples, mango, cowpea and water, were in the range of 90-110% (relative standard deviation, RSD<5%), which proved the practicality and feasibility of the assay established in this paper. The results of this paper can be used as a basis for the research on the detection of imidacloprid pesticide residues in food or environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihua Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou, China
| | - Shuyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jingjing Jia
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, Haikou, China
| | - Qiulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuyang Lian
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Aqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Bei Zeng
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou, China
| | - Heming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jinlei Li
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jianguo Dan
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou, China
| | - Jianjun Liao
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou, China
| | - Shihao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Watanabe E. Review of sample preparation methods for chromatographic analysis of neonicotinoids in agricultural and environmental matrices: From classical to state-of-the-art methods. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1643:462042. [PMID: 33761434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review specifically examines the development of sample preparation methods for residue analyses of neonicotinoid insecticides in agricultural and environmental matrices. Pesticide residue analysis is fundamentally important to ensure the safety of foods and processed foods of plant and animal origin, and to preserve the environment, particularly soil and water. For the development of pesticide residue analysis, the sample preparation process is an important key to maximizing the analytical performance of highly sensitive and accurate chromatographic instruments and to acquiring reliable analytical results. This review outlines sample preparation methods that have been proposed to date for extraction of neonicotinoids that might remain in a complicated sample matrix in quantitatively trace amounts, and for cleaning up, to the greatest extent possible, the interfering components that coexist in the sample extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Watanabe
- Chemical Analysis Unit, Division of Hazardous Chemicals, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan.
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9
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A multi-residue pesticide determination in fatty food commodities by modified QuEChERS approach and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2021; 353:129039. [PMID: 33812161 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) based multi-residue method has been developed and validated for the extraction and determination of pesticides in fatty matrices by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Extraction and clean-up were performed according to QuEChERS principles widely used for non-fatty matrices, with main difference, a higher solvent/sample- ratio followed by a 6-fold preconcentration step, ensuring good extractability and sensitivity. A validation according to SANTE guidelines was performed using a olive and sunflower oils mixture 1:1, w/w as representative matrix, at 2 concentration levels (5 and 50 µg/kg) targeting 176 GC-amenable pesticides. Most compounds fulfilled the validation criteria, with a limit of quantification of 5 µg/kg for 137 compounds , and of 50 µg/kg for 24 compounds. Afterwards, the method performance was tested in six different fatty matrices with 73-90% of the analytes fulfilling the performance criteria at 5 µg/kg depending on the matrix.
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Wu L, Li Z, Zhang H, Wang Z. Microwave absorption medium-assisted extraction coupled with reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of triazine herbicides in corn and soybean samples. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:4058-4066. [PMID: 32861220 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new extraction method, microwave absorption medium-assisted extraction coupled with reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, was developed for the determination of triazine herbicides in corn and soybean samples. Triazine herbicides were extracted with hexane and then directly enriched into the ionic liquid phase. The purification of sample and concentration of target analytes were performed simultaneously. The method combines the advantages of nonpolar solvent dynamic microwave extraction and reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, which could greatly simplify the operation and reduce the whole pretreatment time. The Box-Behnken design was used to the optimization of experimental factors involved in the dynamic microwave-assisted extraction. In the present study, good linearity in the range of 5.00-500.00 µg/kg was obtained. The limits of detection and quantification varying from 1.3 to 4.2 and 4.1 to 13.9 µg/kg were achieved, respectively. The intra- and interday precisions were between 2.7 and 6.9%. The present method was applied to the analysis of corn and soybean samples, and the recoveries of analytes ranged from 80.7 to 106.9% with the relative standard deviations of 2.1-7.8%. The present method shows the potentials of practical applications in the treatment of the complex fatty solid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Wu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhanchao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hanqi Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Ziming Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
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Facile preparation of metal organic framework-based laboratory semi-automatic micro-extraction syringe packed column for analysis of parabens in vegetable oil samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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12
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CVD grown carbon nanofibers: an efficient DSPE sorbent for cleanup of multi-class pesticide residue in high fat and low water commodities by QuEChERS using GC-ECD. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:490. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Oshiro S, Ramalho M, Durães PC, Andrade R, Silva K, Silvério F, Pinho G. p-Cresol in cheese: Is it a flavouring compound or chemical contaminant? Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1510-1519. [PMID: 32679005 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1778190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
p-Cresol has been identified as a flavouring compound in cheeses; however, scientific studies have already identified p-cresol as a potential chemical contaminant in environmental matrices. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate four traditional methods for extracting p-cresol from cheese samples in order to validate the best method, and finally to apply it to five cheese samples with different origins, processing and ripeness times. The analyses were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after derivatisation of p-cresol with anhydride acetic and pyridine. Better results were achieved by the QuEChERS method, which showed recovery higher than 80%, relative standard deviation lower than 16%, limit of quantification of 5 μg kg-1 and linearity between 5 and 400 μg kg-1 with R2 0.99. p-Cresol was quantified in almost all of the samples analysed at different concentration levels, which were in an increasing order at μg kg-1: Cheddar (< LOQ), Parmesan (8 ± 0.7), Gorgonzola (103 ± 14), smoked Provolone (365 ± 28) and barbecue cheese (1001 ± 187). Although no maximum residue limit has been established for p-cresol in food, the results suggest that cheeses exposed to charcoal combustion notably increase the p-cresol levels and may represent a hazard to human health, especially in risk groups such as patients with chronic kidney disease who have serious problems with p-cresol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susane Oshiro
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais , Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marta Ramalho
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais , Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paloma Cristina Durães
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais , Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raissa Andrade
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais , Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karolina Silva
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais , Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Silvério
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais , Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gevany Pinho
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais , Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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14
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Szpyrka E, Słowik-Borowiec M, Książek P, Zwolak A, Podbielska M. The difference in dissipation of clomazone and metazachlor in soil under field and laboratory conditions and their uptake by plants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3747. [PMID: 32111959 PMCID: PMC7048729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The study concerned dissipation of metazachlor and clomazone, herbicides widely used in rapeseed (Brassica napus L. subsp. napus) protection, applied to the clay soil under field and laboratory conditions. Furthermore, the uptake of these pesticide from soil by rapeseed plants was investigated under field conditions. An additional aim of this work was to modify the QuEChERS method for the determination of metazachlor and clomazone in the plant material. Analytical procedures for metazachlor and clomazone qualification and quantification in rapeseed plants and soil were developed, using gas chromatography with an micro electron capture detector (GC-μECD) and a mass detector (GC-MS/MS QqQ) as confirmation. Dissipation kinetics of herbicide residues in soil were described as first-order equations. The analytical performance was very satisfactory and confirmed that the methods meet the requirements of the European Commission. In the conducted field experiments it was found that dissipation of clomazone and metazachlor in clay soil follows first-order kinetics (R2 between 0.964 and 0.978), and half-lives were 9.5 days and 10.2 days for clomazone and metazachlor, respectively. Under laboratory conditions, dissipation of clomazone and metazachlor in soil also follows first-order kinetics (R2 between 0.937 and 0.938), and half-lives were 8.8 days and 5.7 days for clomazone and metazachlor, respectively. Residues of both herbicides in rape plants 22 days after application of herbicides were below the maximum residue levels for Brassica plants. Metazachlor and clomazone dissipate very fast in clay soil and their uptake by rape plants is very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szpyrka
- University of Rzeszow, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, 1 Pigoń St., 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland.
| | | | - Paulina Książek
- University of Rzeszow, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, 1 Pigoń St., 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Aneta Zwolak
- University of Rzeszow, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, 1 Pigoń St., 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Magdalena Podbielska
- University of Rzeszow, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, 1 Pigoń St., 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland
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15
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Göckener B, Kotthoff M, Kling HW, Bücking M. Fate of Chlorpropham during High-Temperature Processing of Potatoes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2578-2587. [PMID: 31961151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpropham is a widely used sprouting inhibitor applied on potatoes during their storage. Currently, severe concerns are raised regarding the potential formation of 3-chloroaniline from chlorpropham during heat treatment. The reactions degrading the molecule in the matrix are quite complex under harsh processing conditions, and a molecular investigation is thus challenging. This study aims to decipher the reaction pathways and to discover new metabolites in typical high-temperature food-processing steps. For this purpose, potatoes were treated with 14C-radiolabeled chlorpropham, stored for up to 6 months, and subjected to the traditional preparation steps of boiling, frying, and baking. A quantification method including an acidic hydrolysis was developed for analysis of free and bound analytes. All conducted processing steps led to a substantial mitigation of chlorpropham residues in the consumable products. Of the residues, 17 ± 6% remained in boiled tubers, while 27 ± 3 and 22 ± 3% remained in the fried and baked products, respectively. Chlorpropham was transferred into the surrounding media (boiling water, frying oil, and air, respectively). 3-Chloroaniline was only (raw tubers) or predominantly (processed tubers) present as a bound analyte and was shown to form during storage but not during processing. Additionally, nonextractable and nonquantified residues were detected in the baked and in the long-term-stored tubers after processing. Future studies will have to balance beneficial (mitigating) and potentially hazardous aspects of these results. By transferring the 14C-food-processing approach to a variety of substances, ingredients, and processes, it will be possible to further understand chemical reactions in food processing, finally leading to safer food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Göckener
- Department Environmental and Food Analysis , Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Auf dem Aberg 1 , 57392 Schmallenberg , Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biology , University of Wuppertal , Gaußstraße 20 , 42119 Wuppertal , Germany
| | - Matthias Kotthoff
- Department Environmental and Food Analysis , Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Auf dem Aberg 1 , 57392 Schmallenberg , Germany
- Department 2 , Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences , Marker Allee 76-78 , 59063 Hamm , Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Kling
- Department of Chemistry and Biology , University of Wuppertal , Gaußstraße 20 , 42119 Wuppertal , Germany
| | - Mark Bücking
- Department Environmental and Food Analysis , Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Auf dem Aberg 1 , 57392 Schmallenberg , Germany
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , 13 Rainforest Walk , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
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16
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Wu J, Zhang H, Peng X. Rapid determination of organophosphorus pesticides in edible vegetable oils by direct microextraction using magnetic mesoporous silica microspheres. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201900095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Yuan Wu
- Clinical Trial CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430071 P. R. China
| | - Hui‐Xian Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology ResearchHubei Academy of Agricultural Science Wuhan 430064 P. R. China
| | - Xi‐Tian Peng
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology ResearchHubei Academy of Agricultural Science Wuhan 430064 P. R. China
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17
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Aflatoxins’ Clean-Up in Food Samples by Graphene Oxide–Polyvinyl Poly Pyrrolidone—Hollow Fiber Solid-Phase Microextraction. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Rutkowska E, Łozowicka B, Kaczyński P. Compensation of matrix effects in seed matrices followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of pesticide residues. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1614:460738. [PMID: 31806271 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite analytical advances, matrix effects (MEs) in pesticide residue analysis by gas chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry continue to be a challenge, especially in difficult samples such as seeds. In this study, the influence of different clean-up sorbents (chitin, chitosan, Z-Sep+, EMR-Lipid) and different mixtures of primary secondary amine (PSA), C18, graphitized carbon black (GCB) and MgSO4 were investigated in terms of MEs and recoveries in four types of seeds: cress, fennel, flax, and hemp. Additionally, different volumes of water (5, 7.5 and 10 mL) were investigated for QuEChERS extraction. Under the selected conditions: the largest volume of water (10 mL) and PSA/C18/GCB/MgSO4 (50/150/50/50 mg, respectively) as clean-up sorbent yielded acceptable recoveries of 70-120% for most of the pesticides (211-225 out of 248 compounds) and the lowest MEs were between -20%>MEs>20% (27-50 compounds). The final method was validated for 248 pesticides with LOQs equal to 0.005 mg kg-1. Additionally, matrix-matched calibration was used as a practical method to compensate for MEs. Among the 21 pesticides found in 12 of the samples, chlorpyrifos (0.008-1.1 mg kg-1), tebuconazole (0.071-0.96 mg kg-1), and trifloxystrobin (0.007-0.15 mg kg-1) were most commonly determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Rutkowska
- Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute, Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute, Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kaczyński
- Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute, Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195 Bialystok, Poland.
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Göckener B, Kotthoff M, Kling HW, Bücking M. Processing Induced Degradation Routes of Prochloraz in Rapeseed Oil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12293-12302. [PMID: 31596580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Analyzing the fate of substances in complex matrices, such as processed food, is a major challenge in modern analytical chemistry. However, current regulatory procedures for pesticides only include high temperature hydrolysis of the active substance in water (OECD 507) to simulate food processing. This study shows that heating radiolabeled [imidazolyl-2-14C]prochloraz in virgin rapeseed oil at temperatures up to 240 °C leads to an extensive degradation of the active substance. In total, 11 degradation products were identified. Several of these products were formed by reactions of the active substance with ingredients from the oil. 2-[(1-H-Imidazole-1-carbonyl)(propyl)amino]ethyl oleate (icpame-oleate), a reaction product of an oleic acid moiety and the prochloraz backbone, was identified for the first time. The quantification of prochloraz, icpame-oleate, imidazole, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol demonstrated the dependency of the degradation process on temperature, heating duration, and type of oil. The obtained results in this study show the enormous impact of high temperature food processing on the fate of pesticides. The necessity to consider matrix related reactions in pesticide regulation is emphasized, and the suitability of the OECD 507 guideline is questioned. Concerning possible toxicological risks of novel degradation products, future studies will have to assess potential hazards or opportunities of food processing, ultimately yielding in safer food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Göckener
- Department Environmental and Food Analysis , Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Auf dem Aberg 1 , 57392 Schmallenberg , Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biology , University of Wuppertal , Gaußstraße 20 , 42119 Wuppertal , Germany
| | - Matthias Kotthoff
- Department Environmental and Food Analysis , Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Auf dem Aberg 1 , 57392 Schmallenberg , Germany
- Department 2 , Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences , Marker Allee 76-78 , 59063 Hamm , Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Kling
- Department of Chemistry and Biology , University of Wuppertal , Gaußstraße 20 , 42119 Wuppertal , Germany
| | - Mark Bücking
- Department Environmental and Food Analysis , Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Auf dem Aberg 1 , 57392 Schmallenberg , Germany
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , 13 Rainforest Walk , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
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20
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Quantification of aflatoxin B1 in vegetable oils using low temperature clean-up followed by immuno-magnetic solid phase extraction. Food Chem 2019; 275:390-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Mao X, Yan A, Wan Y, Luo D, Yang H. Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Using Microporous Sorbent UiO-66 Coupled to Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A QuEChERS-Type Method for the Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Edible Vegetable Oils without Matrix Interference. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1760-1770. [PMID: 30657679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A QuEChERS-type method without matrix interference was designed and developed to determine organophosphorus pesticide residues in edible vegetable oils, based on dispersive solid-phase extraction with cleanup using UiO-66 as sorbent. Microporous UiO-66 directly and selectively adsorbed organophosphorus pesticides and excluded interfering compounds. Clean analytes were obtained by elution and analyzed using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The dispersive solid-phase extraction conditions (amount of adsorbent, extraction time, desorption solvent volume, and elution time) were optimized. The limits of detection of the pesticides in vegetable oils were 0.16-1.56 ng/g. Under optimized conditions, the average pesticide recoveries were 81.1-113.5%. The intraday and interday relative standard deviations for analyte recovery were <8.2 and <13.9%, respectively. Thus, the method is reliable and could detect organophosphorus pesticide residues in edible vegetable oils. Furthermore, UiO-66 can be easily recycled and reused at least 10 times, reducing the cost of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dongmei Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chifeng University , Chifeng 024000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshun Yang
- Food Science and Technology Programme, c/o Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
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22
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Xu X, Wang X, Liu M, Tan T, Wan Y. ZIF-8@SiO2
core-shell microsphere extraction coupled with liquid chromatography and triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry for the quantitative analysis of four plant growth regulators in navel oranges. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3561-3568. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Xu
- Department of Chemistry; Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Xiaofen Wang
- Center of Analysis and Testing; Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Menghan Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College; Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Ting Tan
- Center of Analysis and Testing; Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Wan
- Department of Chemistry; Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P. R. China
- Center of Analysis and Testing; Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P. R. China
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23
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Kaczyński P. Large-scale multi-class herbicides analysis in oilseeds by rapid one-step QuEChERS-based extraction and cleanup method using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2017; 230:411-422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Effect of the Storage Conditions (Light and Temperature) on the Detection of Thiamethoxam and Clothianidin Content in Rapeseeds by LC-DAD. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0986-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Low temperature cleanup combined with magnetic nanoparticle extraction to determine pyrethroids residue in vegetables oils. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Shi Z, Zhang S, Huai Q, Xu D, Zhang H. Methylamine-modified graphene-based solid phase extraction combined with UPLC-MS/MS for the analysis of neonicotinoid insecticides in sunflower seeds. Talanta 2017; 162:300-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Zayats MF, Leschev SM, Zayats MA. A novel method for the determination of some pesticides in vegetable oils based on dissociation extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:1337-45. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1209575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Cheng X, Li L, Zhao Y, Wang C. Absorption and emission spectroscopic characteristics of dipterex and its molecularly imprinted recognition: A TD-DFT investigation. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Simultaneous Determination of Nine Plant Growth Regulators in Navel Oranges by Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Zhan J, Li J, Liu D, Liu C, Yang G, Zhou Z, Wang P. A simple method for the determination of organochlorine pollutants and the enantiomers in oil seeds based on matrix solid-phase dispersion. Food Chem 2016; 194:319-24. [PMID: 26471561 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and effective method was developed based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) for the determination of organochlorine pollutants including sixteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and seven polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in oil seeds (peanuts and soybeans). Among the organochlorine pollutants selected, α-HCH, heptachlor, o,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDD, trans-chlordane and cis-chlordane were chiral and their enantiomers were determined by GC-ECD with a chiral column. The MSPD procedure was optimized focusing on the type and amount of dispersion sorbent, co-column sorbent and eluting solvent. Under the optimized condition, good recoveries were obtained in the range of 68.9-103.3% with relative standard deviations (RSD) values below 16.1% in all cases. LODs and LOQs were in range of 0.1-2.0ngg(-1) and 0.4-6.7ngg(-1) respectively. In summary, the method set up was qualified to be used for the determination of the pollutants and the enantiomers in oil seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jindong Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Genggeng Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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31
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A sensitive and efficient method for routine pesticide multiresidue analysis in bee pollen samples using gas and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1426:161-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Li N, Wu L, Nian L, Song Y, Lei L, Yang X, Wang K, Wang Z, Zhang L, Zhang H, Yu A, Zhang Z. Dynamic microwave assisted extraction coupled with dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction of herbicides in soybeans. Talanta 2015; 142:43-50. [PMID: 26003690 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-polar solvent dynamic microwave assisted extraction was firstly applied to the treatment of high-fat soybean samples. In the dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction (D-µ-SPE), the herbicides in the high-fat extract were directly adsorbed on metal-organic frameworks MIL-101(Cr). The effects of several experimental parameters, including extraction solvent, microwave absorption medium, microwave power, volume and flow rate of extraction solvent, amount of MIL-101(Cr), and D-µ-SPE time, were investigated. At the optimal conditions, the limits of detection for the herbicides ranged from 1.56 to 2.00 μg kg(-1). The relative recoveries of the herbicides were in the range of 91.1-106.7%, and relative standard deviations were equal to or lower than 6.7%. The present method was simple, rapid and effective. A large amount of fat was also removed. This method was demonstrated to be suitable for treatment of high-fat samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Lijie Wu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Li Nian
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Ying Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Lei Lei
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Xiao Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Zhibing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Yanan Street 2055, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinfeng Lu 5, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Hanqi Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Aimin Yu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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33
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Saha A, Shabeer T P A, Banerjee K, Hingmire S, Bhaduri D, Jain NK, Utture S. Simultaneous analysis of herbicides pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen, imazethapyr and quizalofop-p-ethyl by LC-MS/MS and safety evaluation of their harvest time residues in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:4001-14. [PMID: 26139867 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a simple and rapid method for simultaneous determination of the residues of selected herbicides viz. pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen, imazethapyr and quizalofop-p-ethyl in peanut by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A modified approach of the QuEChERS methodology was used to extract the herbicides from the peanut kernel without any clean-up. The method showed excellent linearity (r(2) > 0.99) with no significant matrix effect. Accuracy of the method in terms of average recoveries of all the four herbicides ranged between 69.4 -94.4 % at spiking levels of 0.05, 0.10 and 0.25 mg kg(-1) with intra-day and inter-day precision RSD (%) between 2.6-16.6 and 8.0-11.3, respectively. Limit of quantification (LOQs) was 5.0 μg kg(-1) for pendimethalin, imazethapyr and quizalofop-p-ethyl and 10.0 μg kg(-1) for oxyfluorfen. The expanded uncertainties were <11 % for determination of these herbicides in peanut. The proposed method was successfully applied for analysis of these herbicide residues in peanut samples harvested from the experimental field and the residues were below the detection level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy Saha
- Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, 362001 Gujarat India
| | - Ahammed Shabeer T P
- National Referral Laboratory, National Research Centre for Grapes Pune, 412307 Maharashtra, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Referral Laboratory, National Research Centre for Grapes Pune, 412307 Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandip Hingmire
- National Referral Laboratory, National Research Centre for Grapes Pune, 412307 Maharashtra, India
| | - Debarati Bhaduri
- Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, 362001 Gujarat India
| | - N K Jain
- Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, 362001 Gujarat India
| | - Sagar Utture
- National Referral Laboratory, National Research Centre for Grapes Pune, 412307 Maharashtra, India
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34
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Huertas Pérez JF, Sejerøe-Olsen B, Fernández Alba AR, Schimmel H, Dabrio M. Accurate determination of selected pesticides in soya beans by liquid chromatography coupled to isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 137:120-9. [PMID: 25770614 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive, accurate and simple liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry method for the determination of 10 selected pesticides in soya beans has been developed and validated. The method is intended for use during the characterization of selected pesticides in a reference material. In this process, high accuracy and appropriate uncertainty levels associated to the analytical measurements are of utmost importance. The analytical procedure is based on sample extraction by the use of a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) extraction and subsequent clean-up of the extract with C18, PSA and Florisil. Analytes were separated on a C18 column using gradient elution with water-methanol/2.5 mM ammonium acetate mobile phase, and finally identified and quantified by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM). Reliable and accurate quantification of the analytes was achieved by means of stable isotope-labelled analogues employed as internal standards (IS) and calibration with pure substance solutions containing both, the isotopically labelled and native compounds. Exceptions were made for thiodicarb and malaoxon where the isotopically labelled congeners were not commercially available at the time of analysis. For the quantification of those compounds methomyl-(13)C2(15)N and malathion-D10 were used respectively. The method was validated according to the general principles covered by DG SANCO guidelines. However, validation criteria were set more stringently. Mean recoveries were in the range of 86-103% with RSDs lower than 8.1%. Repeatability and intermediate precision were in the range of 3.9-7.6% and 1.9-8.7% respectively. LODs were theoretically estimated and experimentally confirmed to be in the range 0.001-0.005 mg kg(-1) in the matrix, while LOQs established as the lowest spiking mass fractionation level were in the range 0.01-0.05 mg kg(-1). The method reliably identifies and quantifies the selected pesticides in soya beans at appropriate uncertainty levels, making it suitable for the characterization of candidate reference materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Huertas Pérez
- European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium.
| | - B Sejerøe-Olsen
- European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - A R Fernández Alba
- Pesticide Residue Research Group, European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL), Department of Hydrogeology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Almería, 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain
| | - H Schimmel
- European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - M Dabrio
- European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium.
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Li N, Zhang L, Nian L, Cao B, Wang Z, Lei L, Yang X, Sui J, Zhang H, Yu A. Dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction of herbicides in vegetable oil with metal-organic framework MIL-101. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2154-2161. [PMID: 25665636 DOI: 10.1021/jf505760y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dispersive microsolid-phase extraction based on metal-organic framework has been developed and applied to the extraction of triazine and phenylurea herbicides in vegetable oils in this work. The herbicides were directly extracted with MIL-101 from diluted vegetables oils without any further cleanup. The separation and determination of herbicides were carried out on high performance liquid chromatography. The effects of experimental parameters, including volume ratio of n-hexane to oil sample, mass of MIL-101, extraction time, centrifugation time, eluting solvent, and elution time were investigated. The Student's t test was applied to evaluate the selected experimental conditions. The limits of detection for the herbicides ranged from 0.585 to 1.04 μg/L. The recoveries of the herbicides ranged from 87.3 to 107%. Our results showed that the present method is rapid, simple, and effective for extracting herbicides in vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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36
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Zayats MF, Leschev SM, Zayats MA. An improved extraction method of rapeseed oil sample preparation for the subsequent determination in it of azole class fungicides by gas chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ancr.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Im SJ, Abd El-Aty A, Lee YJ, Rahman MM, Kim SW, Choi JH, Shim JH. Analysis of benzobicyclon and its metabolite in brown rice and rice straw after field application using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2015; 168:404-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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38
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Zhao MA, Feng YN, Zhu YZ, Kim JH. Multi-residue method for determination of 238 pesticides in Chinese cabbage and cucumber by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: comparison of different purification procedures. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:11449-56. [PMID: 25380470 DOI: 10.1021/jf504570b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the comparison of five sample cleanup procedures for the determination of 238 pesticides via triple quadrupole liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS, with only 10 min of chromatographic running time) in Chinese cabbage and cucumber. Samples were extracted with a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuECHERS) preparation method and cleanup with different sorbents, including primary secondary amine (PSA), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and polystyrene (PLS), to find out the most suitable cleanup methods for Chinese cabbage and cucumber. The recovery and matrix effect were evaluated by monitoring the main parameters in one group of 238 pesticides at the spiked level of 8 and 40 μg/kg. In Chinese cabbage, when PSA dispersive solid-phase extraction (D-SPE) was applied, recoveries of 183 pesticides ranged between 70 and 120% with relative standard deviation (RSD) values lower than 20% at a spiked level of 40 μg/kg, indicating the effectiveness of the purification step. In cucumber, 203 pesticides were in the 70-120% recovery range with good reproducibility by PSA mini-cartridge column cleanup at a spiked level of 40 μg/kg and RSD values were generally below 20%. The limits of quantitation [LOQs; signal-to-noise (S/N) = 10] were in the range of 0.16-10.20 μg/kg for Chinese cabbage and 0.06-21.06 μg/kg for cucumber, while the limits of detection (LODs; S/N = 3) were between 0.05 and 3.06 μg/kg and between 0.02 and 6.32 μg/kg in Chinese cabbage and cucumber, respectively. The proposed methods that might be applied for the multi-residue analysis in Chinese cabbage and cucumber are contributed to their rapid speed and good recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ai Zhao
- College of Life Science, and ‡College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University , Changcheng Road, Chengyang, Qingdao, Shandong 266-109, People's Republic of China
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Liquid-phase extraction coupled with metal–organic frameworks-based dispersive solid phase extraction of herbicides in peanuts. Talanta 2014; 128:345-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Liu Y, Guo Y, Zhu G, Tang F. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of five organophosphorus pesticides in camellia oil. J Food Prot 2014; 77:1178-83. [PMID: 24988025 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A matrix solid-phase dispersion and direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MSPD-ELISA) was developed for five organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in camellia oil. Seven haptens with different substituents in the aromatic ring were used to prepare different competitors; the ELISA showed highest sensitivity and specificity to OPs when the competitor had moderate heterology to the immunizing hapten. Several assay conditions were optimized to increase the ELISA sensitivity. The optimized ELISA for five OPs had 50% inhibitory concentrations of 6.3 ng/ml (parathion), 18.9 ng/ml (methyl parathion), 120.7 ng/ml (fenitrothion), 110.4 ng/ml (fenthion), and 20.7 ng/ml (phoxim). The average recoveries of five OPs in camellia oil ranged from 75.7 to 105.3%, with the interassay coefficient of variations ranging from 6.0 to 13.4%. Compared with the results previously reported, the ELISA that was developed in the present study showed a much higher sensitivity. Additionally, MSPD was used in the sample preparation to minimize the matrix effect. Recoveries from the method developed here were in agreement with those obtained by gas chromatography, which indicated that the detection performance of the MSPD-ELISA could meet the regulatory requirements of different governments and international organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Liu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, People's Republic of China; Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yirong Guo
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China
| | - Fubin Tang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, People's Republic of China.
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Deme P, Azmeera T, Prabhavathi Devi B, Jonnalagadda PR, Prasad R, Vijaya Sarathi U. An improved dispersive solid-phase extraction clean-up method for the gas chromatography–negative chemical ionisation tandem mass spectrometric determination of multiclass pesticide residues in edible oils. Food Chem 2014; 142:144-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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42
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Jiang Y, Shibamoto T, Li Y, Pan C. Effect of household and commercial processing on acetamiprid, azoxystrobin and methidathion residues during crude rapeseed oil production. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:1279-86. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.796094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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43
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Sykes M, Thompson M, Reynolds S. Pesticide residues in food-based proficiency test materials, spiking values versus consensus assigned values. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4205-4209. [PMID: 23631620 DOI: 10.1021/jf4003363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We examine the differences among the three estimates of the true value of the measurand derived from routine proficiency testing of laboratories analyzing foodstuffs for pesticide residues. The three values are (i) the spike level (Sp), (ii) the mean result found by the laboratory conducting the test for sufficient homogeneity (Ho), and (iii) the consensus of the participants' results used as the assigned value (AV) in converting results into z scores. Data amounting to 205 examples were collected from successive rounds of three series of proficiency tests from the Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme (FAPAS): namely, series 05 (fats, oils, and animal products), series 09 (cereals and their products), and series 19 (fruits, vegetables, and their products). Irrespective of the class of test material, we found that the means of AV and Ho were almost identical, while the value of Sp was systematically higher than AV by a factor of 1.22. The dispersion of the individual values of both ratios, Ho/AV and Sp/AV, was examined by analysis of variance. A small part of the variance was attributed to the series, but a greater part, about 40%, was attributed to individual rounds within series. We discovered no connection between the ratios and the chemistry of the analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sykes
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York, United Kingdom.
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44
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Guan W, Li Z, Zhang H, Hong H, Rebeyev N, Ye Y, Ma Y. Amine modified graphene as reversed-dispersive solid phase extraction materials combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for pesticide multi-residue analysis in oil crops. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1286:1-8. [PMID: 23489497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amine modified graphene is successfully synthesized via a one-pot solvothermal reaction between graphene oxide and ammonia water, methylamine or n-butyl amine. The presence of amine groups in graphene is identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and an X-ray diffractometer. The ability of amine modified graphene to cleanup fatty acids and other interfering substances from acetonitrile extracts of oil crops has been evaluated. It is found that the resulting CH3NH-G exhibits the best performance in interfering substances removal. Meanwhile, a multi-residue method is validated on 28 representative pesticide residues in four oil crops (rapeseed, peanut, sesame seeds and soybean). This method is based on modified QuEChERS sample preparation with CH3NH-G as reversed-dispersive solid phase extraction material and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Use of matrix-matched standards provides acceptable results for most pesticides with overall average recoveries between 70.5 and 100% and consistent RSDs<13%, except for pymetrozine, thidiazuron and diuron. In any case, this method still meets the 0.1-8.3 μg/kg detection limit needs for most pesticides and may be used for qualitative screening applications, in which any identified pesticides can be quantified and confirmed by a more intensive method that achieves >70% recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbi Guan
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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45
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Cho SK, Abd El-Aty A, Park KH, Park JH, Assayed M, Jeong YM, Park YS, Shim JH. Simple multiresidue extraction method for the determination of fungicides and plant growth regulator in bean sprouts using low temperature partitioning and tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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