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Mandal MK, Domb AJ. Antimicrobial Activities of Natural Bioactive Polyphenols. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:718. [PMID: 38931842 PMCID: PMC11206801 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites, polyphenols, are widespread in the entire kingdom of plants. They contain one or more hydroxyl groups that have a variety of biological functions in the natural environment. These uses include polyphenols in food, beauty products, dietary supplements, and medicinal products and have grown rapidly during the past 20 years. Antimicrobial polyphenols are described together with their sources, classes, and subclasses. Polyphenols are found in different sources, such as dark chocolate, olive oil, red wine, almonds, cashews, walnuts, berries, green tea, apples, artichokes, mushrooms, etc. Examples of benefits are antiallergic, antioxidant, anticancer agents, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and antimicrobe properties. From these sources, different classes of polyphenols are helpful for the growth of internal functional systems of the human body, providing healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals, lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases, improving brain health, and rebooting our cellular microbiome health by mitochondrial uncoupling. Among the various health benefits of polyphenols (curcumin, naringenin, quercetin, catechin, etc.) primarily different antimicrobial activities are discussed along with possible future applications. For polyphenols and antimicrobial agents to be proven safe, adverse health impacts must be substantiated by reliable scientific research as well as in vitro and in vivo clinical data. Future research may be influenced by this evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abraham J. Domb
- The Alex Grass Center for Drug Design & Synthesis and the Center for Cannabis Research, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
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Bouillon P, Fanciullino AL, Belin E, Bréard D, Boisard S, Bonnet B, Hanteville S, Bernard F, Celton JM. Image analysis and polyphenol profiling unveil red-flesh apple phenotype complexity. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:71. [PMID: 38755652 PMCID: PMC11100172 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic basis of colour development in red-flesh apples (Malus domestica Borkh) has been widely characterised; however, current models do not explain the observed variations in red pigmentation intensity and distribution. Available methods to evaluate the red-flesh trait rely on the estimation of an average overall colour using a discrete class notation index. However, colour variations among red-flesh cultivars are continuous while development of red colour is non-homogeneous and genotype-dependent. A robust estimation of red-flesh colour intensity and distribution is essential to fully capture the diversity among genotypes and provide a basis to enable identification of loci influencing the red-flesh trait. RESULTS In this study, we developed a multivariable approach to evaluate the red-flesh trait in apple. This method was implemented to study the phenotypic diversity in a segregating hybrid F1 family (91 genotypes). We developed a Python pipeline based on image and colour analysis to quantitatively dissect the red-flesh pigmentation from RGB (Red Green Blue) images and compared the efficiency of RGB and CIEL*a*b* colour spaces in discriminating genotypes previously classified with a visual notation. Chemical destructive methods, including targeted-metabolite analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (UPLC-UV), were performed to quantify major phenolic compounds in fruits' flesh, as well as pH and water contents. Multivariate analyses were performed to study covariations of biochemical factors in relation to colour expression in CIEL*a*b* colour space. Our results indicate that anthocyanin, flavonol and flavanol concentrations, as well as pH, are closely related to flesh pigmentation in apple. CONCLUSTION Extraction of colour descriptors combined to chemical analyses helped in discriminating genotypes in relation to their flesh colour. These results suggest that the red-flesh trait in apple is a complex trait associated with several biochemical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bouillon
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 , Angers, France
- IFO, 49140, Seiches sur le Loir, France
| | | | - Etienne Belin
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 , Angers, France
| | - Dimitri Bréard
- SONAS, SFR QUASAVUniv Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, Univ Angers, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Séverine Boisard
- SONAS, SFR QUASAVUniv Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, Univ Angers, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Béatrice Bonnet
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 , Angers, France
| | - Sylvain Hanteville
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 , Angers, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Celton
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 , Angers, France.
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Kumar A, Singh N. Embracing nutritional, physical, pasting, textural, sensory and phenolic profile of functional muffins prepared by partial incorporation of lyophilized wheatgrass, fenugreek and basil microgreens juice powder. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:4286-4295. [PMID: 38308402 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muffins are delightful baked food products that have earned a prominent place in the daily diet of a majority of people around the world. The incorporation of microgreens juice powder (MJP) into muffins boosts their nutritional value. The influence of the incorporation of wheatgrass, fenugreek and basil MJP at 1.5% and 3.0% levels on the nutritional composition, physical properties, pasting, sensory, textural and phenolic profile of functional muffins was evaluated. RESULTS The results indicated a significant increase in the protein content, ash content, dietary fiber and total phenolic content of MJP incorporated muffins. The incorporation of MJP to the muffins led to a gradual reduction in the L*, a* and b* values. Baking characteristic such as bake loss decreased significantly as a result of MJP incorporation. Furthermore, the incorporation of various MJPs resulted in a significant decrease in the peak viscosity of the flour-MJP blends. Regarding texture, the hardness and chewiness of the muffins increased progressively with an increase in the level of MJP incorporation. The highest hardness (10.15 N) and chewiness (24.45 mJ) were noted for 3% fenugreek MJP incorporated muffins (FK 3.0). The sensory score of MJP incorporated muffins was acceptable and satisfactory. Additionally, 3% basil MJP incorporated muffins (BL 3.0) marked the dominant presence of majority of the detected phenolic acids such as ferulic acid, sinapic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, cinnamic acid, isothymosin and rosamarinic acid. The highest concentration of p-coumaric acid (11.95 mg kg-1), vanillic acid (26.07 mg kg-1) and kaempferol (8.04 mg kg-1) was recorded for FK 3.0 muffin. CONCLUSION MJP incorporated muffins revealed the pool of phenolic acids and the reduced bake loss is of industrial interest. The present study concludes that wheatgrass, fenugreek and basil MJP can be incorporated by up to 3% into baked products as a source of functional ingredients for health benefits. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
| | - Narpinder Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
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Zhang K, Ma Q, Wang Y, Yuan Z, Yang Z, Luo X, Zhang H, Xia H, Lv X, Wang Y, Deng Q. Transcriptome and biochemical analyses reveal phenolic compounds-mediated flavor differences in loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) cultivars Chunhua No.1 and Dawuxing. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101145. [PMID: 38312488 PMCID: PMC10837488 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The novel loquat cultivar 'Chunhua No.1' (CH1) is a promising commercial cultivar. However, CH1 has texture characteristics different from those of common loquat, and its formation mechanism remains unclear. Here, we first identified the phenolic compounds of CH1 and its parent ('Dawuxing', DWX) and the effect on texture formation. The special presence of stone cells explained the flavor differences in CH1. Chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, and coniferyl alcohol were the main phenolic compounds in loquat, and the high content of coniferyl alcohol was a potential factor for the rough texture of CH1. Transcriptome reveals that phenylpropanoid metabolism was activated during CH1 fruit texture formation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) identified 51 structural genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified four structural genes and 88 transcription factors. These findings provide new insights into the phenolic metabolism and flavor formation of loquat fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiaoli Ma
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhenchao Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiwu Yang
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Xian Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huifen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hui Xia
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yongqing Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qunxian Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Hoyos BE, Johnson JB, Mani JS, Batley RJ, Trotter T, Bhattarai SP, Naiker M. The Effect of Water Stress on Bioactive Compounds in Australian-Grown Black Sesame. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:793. [PMID: 38592794 PMCID: PMC10974145 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Sesame is an emerging crop of interest in Australia and has attracted widespread interest due to the health-benefitting properties of its bioactive compounds, including fatty acids, lignans, and polyphenols. This study aimed to investigate the impact of drought stress on these bioactive compounds, using eleven cultivars of black sesame seeds grown in Australia. Specific varieties responded positively to water deficit (WD) conditions, showing increased levels of TPC, FRAP, CUPRAC, and lignans. Varieties 1, 4, 7, and 12 showed significantly increased FRAP values ranging from 158.02 ± 10.43 to 195.22 ± 9.63 mg TE/100 g DW in the WD treatment compared to the well-watered (WW) treatment, whereas varieties 7, 10, 12, 13, and 18 demonstrated the highest CUPRAC values of all varieties (2584.86 ± 99.68-2969.56 ± 159.72 mg TE/100 g) across both WW and WD conditions, with no significant variations between irrigation regimes. Moreover, lignan contents (sesamin and sesamolin) were higher in varieties 1, 2, 5, and 8 grown in WD conditions. Compared to the optimal unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (Σ UFA/Σ SFA ratio) of 0.45, all sesame genotypes showed superior ratios (ranging between 1.86 and 2.34). Moreover, the ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio varied from 33.7-65.5, with lower ratios in varieties 2, 4, 5, 8, and 18 under WD conditions. The high levels of phenolic compounds and healthy fats suggest the potential of black sesame to be incorporated into diets as a functional food. Furthermore, the enhanced phytochemistry of these cultivars in WD conditions is promising for widespread adoption. However, larger trial studies to confirm these findings across different geographic locations and seasons are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz E. Hoyos
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Bruce Hwy, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (B.E.H.); (J.S.M.); (R.J.B.); (T.T.); (S.P.B.)
| | - Joel B. Johnson
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Bruce Hwy, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (B.E.H.); (J.S.M.); (R.J.B.); (T.T.); (S.P.B.)
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, CQUniversity Australia, Bundaberg Campus, Bundaberg Central, QLD 4670, Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Janice S. Mani
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Bruce Hwy, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (B.E.H.); (J.S.M.); (R.J.B.); (T.T.); (S.P.B.)
| | - Ryan J. Batley
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Bruce Hwy, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (B.E.H.); (J.S.M.); (R.J.B.); (T.T.); (S.P.B.)
| | - Tieneke Trotter
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Bruce Hwy, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (B.E.H.); (J.S.M.); (R.J.B.); (T.T.); (S.P.B.)
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, CQUniversity Australia, Bundaberg Campus, Bundaberg Central, QLD 4670, Australia
| | - Surya P. Bhattarai
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Bruce Hwy, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (B.E.H.); (J.S.M.); (R.J.B.); (T.T.); (S.P.B.)
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, CQUniversity Australia, Bundaberg Campus, Bundaberg Central, QLD 4670, Australia
| | - Mani Naiker
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Bruce Hwy, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia; (B.E.H.); (J.S.M.); (R.J.B.); (T.T.); (S.P.B.)
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, CQUniversity Australia, Bundaberg Campus, Bundaberg Central, QLD 4670, Australia
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Xiao Z, Liu Z, Zhang H, Yang A, Cheng L, Liu D, Jiang C, Yu S, Yang Z, Ren M, Geng R. Transcriptomics and virus-induced gene silencing identify defence-related genes during Ralstonia solanacearum infection in resistant and susceptible tobacco. Genomics 2024; 116:110784. [PMID: 38199265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt (BW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a globally prevalent bacterial soil-borne disease. In this study, transcriptome sequencing were subjected to roots after infection with the R. solanacearum in the resistant and susceptible tobacco variety. DEGs that responded to R. solanacearum infection in both resistant and susceptible tobacco contributed to pectinase and peroxidase development and were enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, signal transduction and MAPK signalling pathway KEGG terms. Core DEGs in the resistant tobacco response to R. solanacearum infection were enriched in cell wall, membrane, abscisic acid and ethylene terms. qRT-PCR indicated that Nitab4.5_0004899g0110, Nitab4.5_0004234g0080 and Nitab4.5_0001439g0050 contributed to the response to R. solanacearum infection in different resistant and susceptible tobacco. Silencing the p450 gene Nitab4.5_0001439g0050 reduced tobacco resistance to bacterial wilt. These results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism of BW resistance in tobacco and solanaceous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Xiao
- The Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huifen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lirui Cheng
- The Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Caihong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shizhou Yu
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhixiao Yang
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Min Ren
- The Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Ruimei Geng
- The Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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Wu X, Chen HW, Zhao ZY, Li L, Song C, Xiong J, Yang GX, Zhu Q, Hu JF. Carbopol 940-based hydrogels loading synergistic combination of quercetin and luteolin from the herb Euphorbia humifusa to promote Staphylococcus aureus infected wound healing. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:553-560. [PMID: 38389873 PMCID: PMC10880921 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00611e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus infections, rapid emergence of drug resistance and the slow healing of infected wounds, developing an efficient antibiotic-free multifunctional wound dressing for inhibiting S. aureus and simultaneously facilitating wound healing have become a huge challenge. Due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, some carbopol hydrogels based on plant extracts or purified compounds have already been applied in wound healing treatment. In China, Euphorbia humifusa Willd. (EuH) has been traditionally used as a medicine and food homologous medicine for the treatment of furuncles and carbuncles mainly caused by S. aureus infection. In an earlier study, EuH-originated flavonoids quercetin (QU) and luteolin (LU) could serve as a potential source for anti-S. aureus drug discovery when used in synergy. However, the in vivo effects of QU and LU on S. aureus-infected wound healing are still unknown. In this study, we found a series of Carbopol 940-based hydrogels loading QU and LU in combination could disinfect S. aureus and also could promote wound healing. In the full-thickness skin defect mouse model infected with S. aureus, the wound contraction ratio, bacterial burden, skin hyperplasia and inflammation score, as well as collagen deposition and blood vessels were then investigated. The results indicate that the optimized QL2 [QU (32 μg mL-1)-LU (8 μg mL-1)] hydrogel with biocompatibility significantly promoted S. aureus-infected wound healing through anti-infection, anti-inflammation, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis, revealing it as a promising alternative for infected wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University Zhejiang 318000 China
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai 201203 China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200443 China
| | - Hao-Wei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University Zhejiang 318000 China
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Ze-Yu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University Zhejiang 318000 China
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Lisha Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200443 China
| | - Chi Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University Zhejiang 318000 China
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Guo-Xun Yang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200443 China
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University Zhejiang 318000 China
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai 201203 China
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Mouren A, Pollet E, Avérous L. Synthesis and Assessment of Novel Sustainable Antioxidants with Different Polymer Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:413. [PMID: 38337302 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are essential to the polymer industry. The addition of antioxidants delays oxidation and material degradation during their processing and usage. Sustainable phenolic acids such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid or 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid were selected. They were chemically modified by esterification to obtain various durable molecules, which were tested and then compared to resveratrol, a biobased antioxidant, and Irganox 1076, a well-known and very efficient fossil-based antioxidant. Different sensitive matrices were used, such as a thermoplastic polyolefin (a blend of PP and PE) and a purposely synthesized thermoplastic polyurethane. Several formulations were then produced, with the different antioxidants in varying amounts. The potential of these different systems was analyzed using various techniques and processes. In addition to antioxidant efficiency, other parameters were also evaluated, such as the evolution of the sample color. Finally, an accelerated aging protocol was set up to evaluate variations in polymer properties and estimate the evolution of the potential of different antioxidants tested over time and with aging. In conclusion, these environmentally friendly antioxidants make it possible to obtain high-performance materials with an efficiency comparable to that of the conventional ones, with variations according to the type of matrix considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Mouren
- BioTeam/ICPEES ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg CEDEX 2, France
| | - Eric Pollet
- BioTeam/ICPEES ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg CEDEX 2, France
| | - Luc Avérous
- BioTeam/ICPEES ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg CEDEX 2, France
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Nieto G, Martínez-Zamora L, Peñalver R, Marín-Iniesta F, Taboada-Rodríguez A, López-Gómez A, Martínez-Hernández GB. Applications of Plant Bioactive Compounds as Replacers of Synthetic Additives in the Food Industry. Foods 2023; 13:47. [PMID: 38201075 PMCID: PMC10778451 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the Codex Alimentarius, a food additive is any substance that is incorporated into a food solely for technological or organoleptic purposes during the production of that food. Food additives can be of synthetic or natural origin. Several scientific evidence (in vitro studies and epidemiological studies like the controversial Southampton study published in 2007) have pointed out that several synthetic additives may lead to health issues for consumers. In that sense, the actual consumer searches for "Clean Label" foods with ingredient lists clean of coded additives, which are rejected by the actual consumer, highlighting the need to distinguish synthetic and natural codded additives from the ingredient lists. However, this natural approach must focus on an integrated vision of the replacement of chemical substances from the food ingredients, food contact materials (packaging), and their application on the final product. Hence, natural plant alternatives are hereby presented, analyzing their potential success in replacing common synthetic emulsifiers, colorants, flavorings, inhibitors of quality-degrading enzymes, antimicrobials, and antioxidants. In addition, the need for a complete absence of chemical additive migration to the food is approached through the use of plant-origin bioactive compounds (e.g., plant essential oils) incorporated in active packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Nieto
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (G.N.); (L.M.-Z.); (R.P.); (A.T.-R.)
| | - Lorena Martínez-Zamora
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (G.N.); (L.M.-Z.); (R.P.); (A.T.-R.)
| | - Rocío Peñalver
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (G.N.); (L.M.-Z.); (R.P.); (A.T.-R.)
| | - Fulgencio Marín-Iniesta
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (G.N.); (L.M.-Z.); (R.P.); (A.T.-R.)
| | - Amaury Taboada-Rodríguez
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (G.N.); (L.M.-Z.); (R.P.); (A.T.-R.)
- Agrosingularity, Calle Pintor Aurelio Pérez 12, 30006 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Gómez
- Food Safety and Refrigeration Engineering Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain;
| | - Ginés Benito Martínez-Hernández
- Food Safety and Refrigeration Engineering Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain;
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Zhou X, Zhang Z, Pu Y, Wu C, Yan M, Zhang Q. Study on the spatial specificity of phenolics in fruit of different jujube varieties. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18894. [PMID: 37919376 PMCID: PMC10622412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenol, an important bioactive substance in jujube fruit, is one of the most important indexes of fruit quality. In order to clarify the phenolic substance composition, content and distribution characteristics of different varieties of jujube fruits, this study measured and compared the content of total phenols, total flavonoids and phenolic substance composition in different parts of fruits of six jujube varieties, and combined with the principal component analysis, the results showed that: Fourteen phenolic substances were identified in the fruits of different jujube varieties, and proanthocyanidins, epicatechin, catechin and rutin were the main components, accounting for 58.60%, 16.08%, 13.56% and 5.57% of the total phenolic substances, respectively. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of jujube fruits of each variety were between 18.11 and 21.45 mg GAE/g DW and 10.56-20.25 mg RE/g DW, respectively, and the differences in the contents between the varieties were significant, and the contents of 'Junzao' and 'Jinlingyuanzao' were higher than those of other varieties.The phenolic content of different parts of jujube fruits showed spatial distribution differences, manifested as the total phenols, total flavonoids and their fractions of the peel were significantly higher than that of the pulp, while the content of the pulp near the kernel was significantly higher than that of other parts of the pulp, This study provides a theoretical basis for analysing the differences in phenolic substances in jujube fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
- The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Effciency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhun Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
- The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Effciency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yunfeng Pu
- College of Food Science, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cuiyun Wu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.
- The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Effciency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Min Yan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
- The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Effciency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
- The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Effciency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
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11
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Lyubitelev A, Studitsky V. Inhibition of Cancer Development by Natural Plant Polyphenols: Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10663. [PMID: 37445850 PMCID: PMC10341686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors remain one of the main sources of morbidity and mortality around the world. A chemotherapeutic approach to cancer treatment poses a multitude of challenges, primarily due to the low selectivity and genotoxicity of the majority of chemotherapeutic drugs currently used in the clinical practice, often leading to treatment-induced tumors formation. Highly selective antitumor drugs can largely resolve this issue, but their high selectivity leads to significant drawbacks due to the intrinsic tumor heterogeneity. In contrast, plant polyphenols can simultaneously affect many processes that are involved in the acquiring and maintaining of hallmark properties of malignant cells, and their toxic dose is typically much higher than the therapeutic one. In the present work we describe the mechanisms of the action of polyphenols on cancer cells, including their effects on genetic and epigenetic instability, tumor-promoting inflammation, and altered microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasily Studitsky
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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12
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Fernandes A, Mateus N, de Freitas V. Polyphenol-Dietary Fiber Conjugates from Fruits and Vegetables: Nature and Biological Fate in a Food and Nutrition Perspective. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051052. [PMID: 36900569 PMCID: PMC10000549 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, numerous studies have investigated the correlation between polyphenol intake and the prevention of several chronic diseases. Research regarding the global biological fate and bioactivity has been directed to extractable polyphenols that can be found in aqueous-organic extracts, obtained from plant-derived foods. Nevertheless, significant amounts of non-extractable polyphenols, closely associated with the plant cell wall matrix (namely with dietary fibers), are also delivered during digestion, although they are ignored in biological, nutritional, and epidemiological studies. These conjugates have gained the spotlight because they may exert their bioactivities for much longer than extractable polyphenols. Additionally, from a technological food perspective, polyphenols combined with dietary fibers have become increasingly interesting as they could be useful for the food industry to enhance technological functionalities. Non-extractable polyphenols include low molecular weight compounds such as phenolic acids and high molecular weight polymeric compounds such as proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins. Studies concerning these conjugates are scarce, and usually refer to the compositional analysis of individual components rather than to the whole fraction. In this context, the knowledge and exploitation of non-extractable polyphenol-dietary fiber conjugates will be the focus of this review, aiming to access their potential nutritional and biological effect, together with their functional properties.
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13
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Khoddami A, Messina V, Vadabalija Venkata K, Farahnaky A, Blanchard CL, Roberts TH. Sorghum in foods: Functionality and potential in innovative products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:1170-1186. [PMID: 34357823 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1960793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum grain is a staple food for about 500 million people in 30 countries in Africa and Asia. Despite this contribution to global food production, most of the world's sorghum grain, and nearly all in Western countries, is used as animal feed. A combination of the increasingly important ability of sorghum crops to resist heat and drought, the limited history of the use of sorghum in Western foods, and the excellent functional properties of sorghum grain in healthy diets, suggests a greater focus on the development of new sorghum-based foods. An understanding of the structural and functional properties of sorghum grain to develop processes for production of new sorghum-based foods is required. In this review, we discuss the potential of sorghum in new food products, including sorghum grain composition, the functional properties of sorghum in foods, processing of sorghum-based products, the digestibility of sorghum protein and starch compared to other grains, and the health benefits of sorghum. In the potential for sorghum as a major ingredient in new foods, we suggest that the gluten-free status of sorghum is of relatively minor importance compared to the functionality of the slowly digested starch and the health benefits of the phenolic compounds present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khoddami
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Valeria Messina
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Asgar Farahnaky
- Biosciences and Food Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher L Blanchard
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas H Roberts
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Singh V, Singh N, Verma M, Kamal R, Tiwari R, Sanjay Chivate M, Rai SN, Kumar A, Singh A, Singh MP, Vamanu E, Mishra V. Hexavalent-Chromium-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Protective Role of Antioxidants against Cellular Toxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122375. [PMID: 36552581 PMCID: PMC9774749 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium is a highly soluble environmental contaminant. It is a widespread anthropogenic chromium species that is 100 times more toxic than trivalent chromium. Leather, chrome plating, coal mining and paint industries are the major sources of hexavalent chromium in water. Hexavalent chromium is widely recognised as a carcinogen and mutagen in humans and other animals. It is also responsible for multiorgan damage, such as kidney damage, liver failure, heart failure, skin disease and lung dysfunction. The fate of the toxicity of hexavalent chromium depends on its oxidation state. The reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) is responsible for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chromium intermediate species, such as Cr (V) and Cr (IV). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are responsible for oxidative tissue damage and the disruption of cell organelles, such as mitochondria, DNA, RNA and protein molecules. Cr (VI)-induced oxidative stress can be neutralised by the antioxidant system in human and animal cells. In this review, the authors summarise the Cr (VI) source, toxicity and antioxidant defence mechanism against Cr (VI)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veer Singh
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Centre of Bioinformatics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Manisha Verma
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rashmi Kamal
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ritesh Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Mahesh Sanjay Chivate
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sachchida Nand Rai
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Anupama Singh
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna 801106, India
| | - Mohan P. Singh
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Vishal Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (V.M.)
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15
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Centurion F, Hassan MM, Tang J, Allioux FM, Chakraborty S, Chen R, Mao G, Kumar N, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Rahim MA. Assembly of surface-independent polyphenol/liquid gallium composite nanocoatings. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14760-14769. [PMID: 36178260 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02559k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of functional nanocoatings using natural compounds is a hallmark of sustainable strategies in the field of green synthesis. Herein, we report a surface-independent nanocoating strategy using natural polyphenols and gallium-based room temperature liquid metal nanoparticles. The nanocoating matrix is composed of tannic acid, crosslinked with group (IV) transition metal ions. Liquid gallium nanoparticles are incorporated into the coatings as a gallium ion releasing depot. The coating deposition is rapid and can be applied to a range of substrates including glass, plastics, paper, and metal surfaces, owing to the versatile adhesive nature of the catechol/gallol functional groups of tannic acid. The coating thickness can be controlled from 100 to 700 nm and the content of liquid gallium nanoparticles can be modulated. This enables the tunable release behaviour of gallium ions into the surrounding from the composite coatings. The coatings are highly biocompatible and display antioxidant and antibacterial properties that can be useful for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Centurion
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Md Musfizur Hassan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Francois-Marie Allioux
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Sudip Chakraborty
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Renxun Chen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Md Arifur Rahim
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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16
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Saifullah MD, McCullum R, Vuong QV. Phytochemicals and Bioactivities of Australian Native Lemon Myrtle ( Backhousia citriodora) and Lemon-Scented Tea Tree ( Leptospermum petersonii): A Comprehensive Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2130353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MD Saifullah
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
- Department of Agro Product Processing Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Rebecca McCullum
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | - Quan Van Vuong
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
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17
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Ordoñez R, Atarés L, Chiralt A. Biodegradable active materials containing phenolic acids for food packaging applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:3910-3930. [PMID: 35912666 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The development of new materials for food packaging applications is necessary to reduce the excessive use of disposable plastics and their environmental impact. Biodegradable polymers represent an alternative means of mitigating the problem. To add value to biodegradable materials and to enhance food preservation, the incorporation of active compounds into the polymer matrix is an affordable strategy. Phenolic acids are plant metabolites that can be found in multiple plant extracts and exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Compared with other natural active compounds, such as essential oils, phenolic acids do not present a high sensorial impact while exhibiting similar minimal inhibitory concentrations against different bacteria. This study summarizes and discusses recent studies about the potential of both phenolic acids/plant extracts and biodegradable polymers as active food packaging materials, their properties, interactions, and the factors that could affect their antimicrobial efficiency. The molecular structure of phenolic acids greatly affects their potential antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity, as well as their specific interactions with polymer matrices and food substrates. These interactions, in turn, can lead to plasticizing or cross-linking effects. In the present study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of different biodegradable films with phenolic acids have been described, as well as the main factors affecting the active properties of these films as useful materials for active packaging development. More studies applying these active materials in real foods are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Ordoñez
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorena Atarés
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Chiralt
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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18
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Zhang H, Wang M, Xiao J. Stability of polyphenols in food processing. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 102:1-45. [PMID: 36064291 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, polyphenols have attracted considerable attention due to their diverse potential health-beneficial effects on humans. Polyphenols are widely distributed in natural plants, and therefore play an important role in human food. Thermal processing, irradiation, fermentation, high pressure, microwave, and drying are several popular food processing methods. However, polyphenols are instable in food processing, which easily degrade and react with other components because of their polyhydroxy characteristic. Traditional and advanced technologies have been used to characterize the stability of polyphenols. The main influence factors of stability of polyphenols such as pH, temperature, light, oxygen, enzymes, metal ions, as well as macromolecules, are summarized. Besides, thermal processing greatly promoted the degradation of polyphenols. Thermal degradation mechanisms and products of some polyphenols, such as quercetin and rutin, have been intensively demonstrated. Nevertheless, the structural changes of polyphenols caused by food processing, may lead to different bioactivities from the obtained results based on unprocessed polyphenols. Therefore, to maximize the beneficial effects of polyphenols ingested by human from processed food, the stability of polyphenols in food processing must be thoroughly investigated to assess their real bioactivities. In addition, some available technologies for improving the stability of polyphenols in food processing have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Minglong Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain.
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19
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Supercritical Fluid Technologies for the Incorporation of Synthetic and Natural Active Compounds into Materials for Drug Formulation and Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081670. [PMID: 36015296 PMCID: PMC9413081 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Various active compounds isolated from natural sources exhibit remarkable benefits, making them attractive for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, which contribute to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, various types of cancer, diabetes, and obesity. However, their major drawbacks are their reactivity, instability, relatively poor water solubility, and consequently low bioavailability. Synthetic drugs often face similar challenges associated with inadequate solubility or burst release in gastrointestinal media, despite being otherwise a safe and effective option for the treatment of numerous diseases. Therefore, drug-eluting pharmaceutical formulations have been of great importance over the years in efforts to improve the bioavailability of active compounds by increasing their solubility and achieving their controlled release in body media. This review highlights the success of the fabrication of micro- and nanoformulations using environmentally friendly supercritical fluid technologies for the processing and incorporation of active compounds. Several novel approaches, namely micronization to produce micro- and nano-sized particles, supercritical drying to produce aerogels, supercritical foaming, and supercritical solvent impregnation, are described in detail, along with the currently available drug delivery data for these formulations.
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20
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Phenolic Compounds' Occurrence in Opuntia Species and Their Role in the Inflammatory Process: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154763. [PMID: 35897933 PMCID: PMC9330797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Within the Cactaceae family, Opuntia comprises the most widespread species, with a recognized importance in human life, including feeding, domestic use as home natural barriers, and as a traditional remedy for diverse diseases and conditions such asthma, edema, and burns. Indeed, scientific reports have stated that these health benefits may be due to various active compounds, particularly polyphenols, which are ubiquitously found in plants and have proven their pharmacological efficiency by displaying antimicrobial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities, among others. Opuntia species contain different classes of phenolic compounds that are recognized for their anti-inflammatory potential. Among them, quercetin, isorhamnetin, and kaempferol derivates were reported to greatly contribute to modulate cells’ infiltration and secretion of soluble inflammatory mediators, with key implications in the inflammatory process. In this review, we make a summary of the different classes of phenolic compounds reported in Opuntia species so far and explore their implications in the inflammatory process, reported by in vitro and in vivo bioassays, supporting the use of cactus in folk medicine and valorizing them from the socio-economic point of view.
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21
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Li Y, Wu X, Wu Z, Zhong M, Su X, Ye Y, Liu Y, Tan L, Liang Y. Colorimetric sensor array based on CoOOH nanoflakes for rapid discrimination of antioxidants in food. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2754-2760. [PMID: 35781305 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00692h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The identification of synthetic antioxidants has considerable significance in food safety. Here, we described the development of a colorimetric sensor array for rapid detection of eight antioxidants in food through the redox reaction between CoOOH and antioxidants in the presence of colorimetric signal indicators. The CoOOH nanoflakes exhibited high catalytic oxidation activity and can independently catalyze oxidation signal indicators showing different colors. The color reaction was inhibited to different degrees in the presence of antioxidants, which resulted in distinct signal response patterns for their discrimination. The method showed good linearity in the range from 50 to 1000 nM for butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), propyl gallate (PG) and tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ). Moreover, different proportions of antioxidants were located in the middle pattern of each single antioxidant, and showed certain linear relationships among different concentration ratios. Finally, the proposed colorimetric sensor array was used for practical applications where TBHQ and BHT were detected in biscuits and sausages, and BHA and PG were detected in fried pork kebabs, respectively. The results were further confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography, which demonstrated the great potential of the colorimetry sensor array for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Li
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zixuan Wu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Mingmin Zhong
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiaoping Su
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Youai Ye
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Guangdong Centre for Agricultural Products Quality and Safety, Guangzhou, 510230, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, China.
| | - Yong Liang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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22
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Lin M, Zhou Z, Mei Z. Integrative Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome Identifies Potential Genes Involved in the Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Entada phaseoloides Stem. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:792674. [PMID: 35620699 PMCID: PMC9127681 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.792674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Entada phaseoloides stem is known for its high medicinal benefits and ornamental value. Flavonoids are one of the main active constituents in E. phaseoloides stem. However, the regulatory mechanism of flavonoids accumulation in E. phaseoloides is lacking. Here, phytochemical compounds and transcripts from stems at different developmental stages in E. phaseoloides were investigated by metabolome and transcriptome analysis. The metabolite profiling of the oldest stem was obviously different from young and older stem tissues. A total of 198 flavonoids were detected, and flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins, isoflavones, and flavanones were the main subclasses. The metabolome data showed that the content of acacetin was significantly higher in the young stem and older stem than the oldest stem. Rutin and myricitrin showed significantly higher levels in the oldest stem. A total of 143 MYBs and 143 bHLHs were identified and classified in the RNA-seq data. Meanwhile, 34 flavonoid biosynthesis structural genes were identified. Based on the expression pattern of structural genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, it indicated that flavonol, anthocyanin, and proanthocyanin biosynthesis were first active during the development of E. phaseoloides stem, and the anthocyanin or proanthocyanin biosynthesis branch was dominant; the flavone biosynthesis branch was active at the late developmental stage of the stem. Through the correlation analysis of transcriptome and metabolome data, the potential candidate genes related to regulating flavonoid synthesis and transport were identified. Among them, the MYBs, bHLH, and TTG1 are coregulated biosynthesis of flavonols and structural genes, bHLH and transporter genes are coregulated biosynthesis of anthocyanins. In addition, the WDR gene TTG1-like (AN11) may regulate dihydrochalcones and flavonol biosynthesis in specific combinations with IIIb bHLH and R2R3-MYB proteins. Furthermore, the transport gene protein TRANSPARENT TESTA 12-like gene is positively regulated the accumulation of rutin, and the homolog of ABC transporter B family member gene is positively correlated with the content of flavone acacetin. This study offered candidate genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, information of flavonoid composition and characteristics of flavonoids accumulation, improved our understanding of the MYBs and bHLHs-related regulation networks of flavonoid biosynthesis in E. phaseoloides stem, and provided references for the metabolic engineering of flavonoid biosynthesis in E. phaseoloides stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Ethnomedicine, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuqing Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Ethnomedicine, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhinan Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Ethnomedicine, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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Chen JH, Hou N, Xv X, Zhang D, Fan TQ, Zhang QX, Huang YJ. Flavonoid Synthesis and Metabolism During the Fruit Development in Hickory ( Carya cathayensis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:896421. [PMID: 35615140 PMCID: PMC9125235 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.896421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hickory (Carya cathayensis) kernel is rich in powerful bioactive flavonoids, which can remove excess free radicals in the human body and play an important role in regulating the physiological metabolism of the plant. This study investigated the changes of flavonoids in hickory exocarp and embryo during development. In this study, 72 DEGs involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits were identified, and TT4, CCoAOMT1, UGT71D1, C4H, F3H, TT8, FLS1, and LDOX were identified as the core genes of flavonoid biosynthesis. A total of 144 flavonoid-related metabolites were detected by metabolite analysis. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis combined to construct the flavonoid biosynthesis regulatory pathway in the development stage of hickory fruit. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the exploration and regulation of functional genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis and metabolism in hickory and other plants and the breeding of new walnut varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Hou
- Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang, China
| | - Xv Xv
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Da Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong-Qiang Fan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Xiang Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - You-Jun Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang Y, Tuccillo F, Lampi AM, Knaapila A, Pulkkinen M, Kariluoto S, Coda R, Edelmann M, Jouppila K, Sandell M, Piironen V, Katina K. Flavor challenges in extruded plant-based meat alternatives: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2898-2929. [PMID: 35470959 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Demand for plant-based meat alternatives has increased in recent years due to concerns about health, ethics, the environment, and animal welfare. Nevertheless, the market share of plant-based meat alternatives must increase significantly if they are to support sustainable food production and consumption. Flavor is an important limiting factor of the acceptability and marketability of plant-based meat alternatives. Undesirable chemosensory perceptions, such as a beany flavor, bitter taste, and astringency, are often associated with plant proteins and products that use them. This study reviewed 276 articles to answer the following five research questions: (1) What are the volatile and nonvolatile compounds responsible for off-flavors? (2) What are the mechanisms by which these flavor compounds are generated? (3) What is the influence of thermal extrusion cooking (the primary structuring technique to transform plant proteins into fibrous products that resemble meat in texture) on the flavor characteristics of plant proteins? (4) What techniques are used in measuring the flavor properties of plant-based proteins and products? (5) What strategies can be used to reduce off-flavors and improve the sensory appeal of plant-based meat alternatives? This article comprehensively discusses, for the first time, the flavor issues of plant-based meat alternatives and the technologies available to improve flavor and, ultimately, acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fabio Tuccillo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Maija Lampi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Knaapila
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Pulkkinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Kariluoto
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rossana Coda
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minnamari Edelmann
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Jouppila
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Sandell
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Vieno Piironen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Katina
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Sun Y, Kotani A, Machida K, Yamamoto K, Hakamata H. Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Beverages by Three-Flow Channel Isocratic HPLC with Electrochemical Detections Using a Column-Switching Technique. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:43-49. [PMID: 34980732 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For the quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in beverage samples, a three-flow channel isocratic HPLC with electrochemical detection (3LC-ECD) system was devised using a column-switching technique. Phenolic compounds with significantly different hydrophobicity (the range of calculated log P: -0.77 to 3.02) were simultaneously measured to draw three chromatograms by the 3LC-ECD; the peaks of gallic acid (GA), protocatechuic acid (PCA), and gallocatechin (GC) were observed at electrochemical detector 1 (D1) within 42 min, the peaks of procyanidin B3 (B3), epigallocatechin (EGC), catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), procyanidin B2 (B2), ethyl gallate (Eg), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) were observed at D2 within 50 min, and the peaks of epicatechin gallate (ECg), gallocatechin gallate (GCg), catechin gallate (Cg), propyl gallate (Pg), and resveratrol (RVT) were observed at D3 within 70 min. The relationships between the phenolic compound concentrations and their chromatographic peak heights gave good linearity with correlation coefficients of more than 0.998. The detection limits of the phenolic compounds by the 3LC-ECD ranged from 0.6 to 3.0 µg/L. Further, the phenolic compound concentrations of commercially available teas and wines were determined with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 4.9% (n = 6), and their recoveries ranged from 91 to 109%. These results indicate that the 3LC-ECD system provided an accurate, precise, and specific determination of the phenolic compounds in beverages without affecting the matrices derived from these samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Sun
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences.,Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Akira Kotani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Koichi Machida
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Hideki Hakamata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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26
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Felföldi Z, Ranga F, Socaci SA, Farcas A, Plazas M, Sestras AF, Vodnar DC, Prohens J, Sestras RE. Physico-Chemical, Nutritional, and Sensory Evaluation of Two New Commercial Tomato Hybrids and Their Parental Lines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112480. [PMID: 34834843 PMCID: PMC8620249 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the globally most consumed vegetable. The objective of this research was to analyze physico-chemical, nutritional and sensorial components (taste and flavor) in two new commercial hybrids (AS 300 F1 and AS 400 F1) and their four F7 parental lines. Two widely grown F1 hybrids (Precos F1 and Addalyn F1) were used as controls. The results obtained for carbohydrates (HPLC-RID) indicated that the highest values (27.82 mg/g) were recorded in the paternal line AS 10 of the new hybrid AS 400 F1. The highest values of total organic acids (HPLC-VWD) were recorded in Addalyn F1 (5.06 m/g), while the highest value of phenolic compounds (HPLC-DAD-ESI⁺) were identified in the maternal line AS 09 of the hybrid AS 400 F1 (96.3 µg/g). Intrinsic sensory values were analyzed by male and female tasters of different ages using a hedonic scale. The tasters' perception revealed obvious taste differences between tomato genotypes. The study allowed determining genetic parameters of interest (heterosis and heterobeltosis) for the new hybrids, as well as a detailed characterization of the chemical composition and organoleptic quality of the parental breeding lines and their hybrids, which is useful in tomato breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Felföldi
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Z.F.); (A.F.S.)
- Private Research Station Agrosel, 268 Laminoriștilor St., 400500 Câmpia Turzii, Romania
| | - Floricuta Ranga
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (F.R.); (D.C.V.)
| | - Sonia Ancuta Socaci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.A.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Anca Farcas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.A.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Mariola Plazas
- Institute for Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Adriana F. Sestras
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Z.F.); (A.F.S.)
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (F.R.); (D.C.V.)
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Institute for Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Radu E. Sestras
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Z.F.); (A.F.S.)
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Mesquita M, Santos E, Kassuya CA, Salvador MJ. Chimarrão, terere and mate-tea in legitimate technology modes of preparation and consume: A comparative study of chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-anxiety properties of the mostly consumed beverages of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114401. [PMID: 34245836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. (Aquifoliaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used by South American populations for centuries and is popularly attributed to stimulating and detoxifying properties. Nowadays, their consume traditionally occurs through three different beverages: chimarrão, terere and mate-tea. AIM OF THE STUDY Although its composition and properties are well studied, literature lacks work comparing the potential of their extracts obtained by a legitimate preparation mode of their popular beverages. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate changes in chemical composition, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory efficacy and anxiolytic effect from lyophilized aqueous extracts obtained simulating the legitimate popular preparation mode of chimarrão, terere and mate-tea. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this work, were investigated differences related to preparation technology and dry material used through chemical composition analysis, with the lyophilized aqueous extracts obtained simulating the chimarrão, terere and mate-tea preparation. The chemical composition analysis comprises the total soluble phenolics content, chemical profiles by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and quantitative component detection by HPLC-UV/DAD. Moreover, evaluations of comparative antioxidant activity of the extracts (DPPH and ORACFL assays), anti-inflammatory efficacy and anxiolytic effect were performed in vivo. RESULTS Our results showed that chimarrão extracts presented a richer composition in terms of phenolic compounds and purine alkaloids, and better antioxidant activity when compared to the other extracts. In pleurisy test, all products showed anti-inflammatory properties in the dose of 60 mg/kg. In the anxiolytic evaluation, although all extracts presented some effect, chimarrão and terere were better than mate-tea in general. No sign of toxicity was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that the beverage made as chimarrão has the best composition and the most promising properties overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mesquita
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG BCE, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - E Santos
- College of Health Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - C A Kassuya
- College of Health Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - M J Salvador
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG BCE, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Physiological Roles of Red Carrot Methanolic Extract and Vitamin E to Abrogate Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Challenge and Apoptosis in Rat Testes: Involvement of the Bax/Bcl-2 Ratio. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111653. [PMID: 34829524 PMCID: PMC8615202 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise analysis of the contents of the red carrot is still ambiguous and its role in the maintenance of male fertility needs to be further reconnoitered. Hence, this study targets the physiological impacts of either red carrot methanolic extract (RCME) or vitamin E (Vit. E), co-administrated with cadmium chloride (CdCl2) on rat testes, specifically those concerned with apoptosis and oxidative challenge. Four groups of adult male rats (n = 12) are used; control, CdCl2, CdCl2 + Vit. E and CdCl2 + RCME. LC-MS analysis of RCME reveals the presence of 20 different phytochemical compounds. Our data clarify the deleterious effects of CdCl2 on testicular weights, semen quality, serum hormonal profile, oxidative markers and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Histopathological changes in testicular, prostatic and semen vesicle glandular tissues are also observed. Interestingly, our data clearly demonstrate that co-administration of either RCME or Vit. E with CdCl2 significantly succeeded in the modulation (p < 0.05) of all of these negative effects. The most striking is that they were potent enough to modulate the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio as well as having the ability to correct the impaired semen picture, oxidant status and hormonal profile. Thus, RCME and Vit. E could be used as effective prophylactic treatments to protect the male reproductive physiology against CdCl2 insult.
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Increasing the Power of Polyphenols through Nanoencapsulation for Adjuvant Therapy against Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154621. [PMID: 34361774 PMCID: PMC8347607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols play a therapeutic role in vascular diseases, acting in inherent illness-associate conditions such as inflammation, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and oxidative stress, as demonstrated by clinical trials and epidemiological surveys. The main polyphenol cardioprotective mechanisms rely on increased nitric oxide, decreased asymmetric dimethylarginine levels, upregulation of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes via the Nrf2-ARE pathway and anti-inflammatory action through the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB and PPAR-γ receptor. However, poor polyphenol bioavailability and extensive metabolization restrict their applicability. Polyphenols carried by nanoparticles circumvent these limitations providing controlled release and better solubility, chemical protection, and target achievement. Nano-encapsulate polyphenols loaded in food grade polymers and lipids appear to be safe, gaining resistance in the enteric route for intestinal absorption, in which the mucoadhesiveness ensures their increased uptake, achieving high systemic levels in non-metabolized forms. Nano-capsules confer a gradual release to these compounds, as well as longer half-lives and cell and whole organism permanence, reinforcing their effectiveness, as demonstrated in pre-clinical trials, enabling their application as an adjuvant therapy against cardiovascular diseases. Polyphenol entrapment in nanoparticles should be encouraged in nutraceutical manufacturing for the fortification of foods and beverages. This study discusses pre-clinical trials evaluating how nano-encapsulate polyphenols following oral administration can aid in cardiovascular performance.
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Baysal I, Ekizoglu M, Ertas A, Temiz B, Agalar HG, Yabanoglu-Ciftci S, Temel H, Ucar G, Turkmenoglu FP. Identification of Phenolic Compounds by LC-MS/MS and Evaluation of Bioactive Properties of Two Edible Halophytes: Limonium effusum and L. sinuatum. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134040. [PMID: 34279385 PMCID: PMC8271801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and enzyme inhibitory activities of the methanol extracts and their fractions of two edible halophytic Limonium species, L. effusum (LE) and L. sinuatum (LS). The total phenolic content resulted about two-fold higher in the ethyl acetate fraction of LE (522.82 ± 5.67 mg GAE/g extract) than in that of LS (274.87 ± 1.87 mg GAE/g extract). LC-MS/MS analysis indicated that tannic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid in both species (71,439.56 ± 3643.3 µg/g extract in LE and 105,453.5 ± 5328.1 µg/g extract in LS), whereas hyperoside was the most abundant flavonoid (14,006.90 ± 686.1 µg/g extract in LE and 1708.51 ± 83.6 µg/g extract in LS). The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH and TAC assays, and the stronger antioxidant activity in ethyl acetate fractions was highlighted. Both species were more active against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram negatives and showed considerable growth inhibitions against tested fungi. Interestingly, selective acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was observed with LE and LS. Particularly, the water fraction of LS strongly inhibited AChE (IC50 = 0.199 ± 0.009 µg/mL). The ethyl acetate fractions of LE and LS, as well as the n-hexane fraction of LE, exhibited significant antityrosinase activity (IC50 = 245.56 ± 3.6, 295.18 ± 10.57 and 148.27 ± 3.33 µg/mL, respectively). The ethyl acetate fraction and methanol extract of LS also significantly inhibited pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 83.76 ± 4.19 and 162.2 ± 7.29 µg/mL, respectively). Taken together, these findings warrant further investigations to assess the potential of LE and LS as a bioactive source that can be exploited in pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Baysal
- Vocational School of Health Services, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Melike Ekizoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Abdulselam Ertas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey;
| | - Burak Temiz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey; (B.T.); (H.G.A.)
| | - Hale Gamze Agalar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey; (B.T.); (H.G.A.)
| | - Samiye Yabanoglu-Ciftci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; (S.Y.-C.); (G.U.)
| | - Hamdi Temel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey;
| | - Gulberk Ucar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; (S.Y.-C.); (G.U.)
| | - Fatma Pinar Turkmenoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Correspondence:
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Pham NTK, Le NL. Effects of α-amylase and wheatgrass supplement on fermentation process, textural, antioxidant and sensory properties of steamed white honeycomb cakes. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Traditional Foods and Sustainable Rural Development: Exploiting the Case of the Comoros Tea as a Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13115815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although modern medicine is available in many developing countries, such as the Comoros Islands, the primary health-care needs of the local population are based on traditional foods and beverages derived from natural resources and medicinal plants for cultural and historical reasons. Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Benn. (‘Mfandrabo’), Cinnamomum verum J.Presl (‘Mani yamdrara’), Ocimum gratissimum L. (‘Roulé’), Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. (‘Ynadombwe’), Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle (‘Sandze monach’) and Ocimum americanum L. (‘Kandza’) are six wild plants that are largely utilised to treat many diseases. The leaves of these plants are used in the traditional Comorian tea (aqueous infusion). This study aimed to identify and quantify the main health-promoting compounds in the traditional formulation of Comorian tea by HPLC profiling together with a preliminary assessment of antioxidant capacity to confirm the traditional use of these plants by the local population. The single plants were also studied. The Comoros tea presented a total polyphenolic content (TPC) of 4511.50 ± 74.41 mgGAE/100 g DW, a value higher than the TPCs of the different plants included in the Comorian tea. Moreover, the Comorian tea showed an antioxidant capacity (AOC) of 578.65 ± 6.48 mmol Fe2+/Kg DW, a value higher if compared to all the AOC values obtained in the single plants. The polyphenolic fraction (771.37 ± 35.76 mg/100 g DW) and organic acids (981.40 ± 38.38 mg/100 g DW) were the most important phytochemical classes in the Comorian tea (40.68% and 51.75% of the total phytocomplex, respectively), followed by the monoterpenes (5.88%) and vitamin C (1.67%), while carotenoids were detected in trace (0.02%). The Comorian tea could be important in meeting the high demand in the Comoros Islands and other developing countries for cost-effective and natural health-promoting foods and/or beverages to be produced by agri-food industries and used by the local population. This study may promote traditional foods in rural communities in the Comoros Islands and contribute to sustainable rural development and a commercial valorisation of these plants for health-promoting and food applications.
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Shahidi F, Pan Y. Influence of food matrix and food processing on the chemical interaction and bioaccessibility of dietary phytochemicals: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6421-6445. [PMID: 33787422 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1901650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of phytochemicals-rich foods shows the health effect on some chronic diseases. However, the bioaccessibility of these phytochemicals is extremely low, and they are often consumed in the diet along with the food matrix. The food matrix can be described as a complex assembly of various physical and chemical interactions that take place between the compounds present in the food. Some studies indicated that the physiological response and the health benefits of phytochemicals are resultant in these interactions. Some food substrates inhibit the absorption of phytochemicals via this interaction. Moreover, processing technologies have been developed to facilitate the release and/or to increase the accessibility of phytochemicals in plants or breakdown of the food matrix. Food processing processes may disrupt the activity of phytochemicals or reduce bioaccessibility. Enhancement of functional and sensorial attributes of phytochemicals in the daily diet may be achieved by modifying the food matrix and food processing in appropriate ways. Therefore, this review concisely elaborated on the mechanism and the influence of food matrix in different parts of the digestive tract in the human body, the chemical interaction between phytochemicals and other compounds in a food matrix, and the various food processing technologies on the bioaccessibility and chemical interaction of dietary phytochemicals. Moreover, the enhancing of phytochemical bioaccessibility through food matrix design and the positive/negative of food processing for dietary phytochemicals was also discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Yao Pan
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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35
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UV-C mediated accumulation of pharmacologically significant phytochemicals under light regimes in in vitro culture of Fagonia indica (L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:679. [PMID: 33436717 PMCID: PMC7804141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fagonia indica (L.) is an important medicinal plant with multitude of therapeutic potentials. Such application has been attributed to the presence of various pharmacological important phytochemicals. However, the inadequate biosynthesis of such metabolites in intact plants has hampered scalable production. Thus, herein, we have established an in vitro based elicitation strategy to enhance such metabolites in callus culture of F. indica. Cultures were exposed to various doses of UV radiation (UV-C) and grown in different photoperiod regimes and their impact was evaluated on biomass accumulation, biosynthesis of phytochemicals along antioxidant expression. Cultures grown under photoperiod (16L/8D h) after exposure to UV-C (5.4 kJ/m2) accumulated optimal biomass (438.3 g/L FW; 16.4 g/L DW), phenolics contents (TPC: 11.8 μgGAE/mg) and flavonoids contents (TFC: 4.05 μgQE/mg). Similarly, HPLC quantification revealed that total production (6.967 μg/mg DW) of phytochemicals wherein kaempferol (1.377 μg/mg DW), apigenin (1.057 μg/mg DW), myricetin (1.022 μg/mg DW) and isorhamnetin (1.022 μg/mg DW) were recorded highly accumulated compounds in cultures at UV-C (5.4 kJ/m2) dose than other UV-C radiations and light regimes.. The antioxidants activities examined as DPPH (92.8%), FRAP (182.3 µM TEAC) and ABTS (489.1 µM TEAC) were also recorded highly expressed by cultures under photoperiod after treatment with UV-C dose 5.4 kJ/m2. Moreover, same cultures also expressed maximum % inhibition towards phospholipase A2 (sPLA2: 35.8%), lipoxygenase (15-LOX: 43.3%) and cyclooxygenases (COX-1: 55.3% and COX-2: 39.9%) with 1.0-, 1.3-, 1.3- and 2.8-fold increased levels as compared with control, respectively. Hence, findings suggest that light and UV can synergistically improve the metabolism of F. indica and could be used to produce such valuable metabolites on commercial scale.
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Evaluation of the Bioactive Compounds Found in Tomato Seed Oil and Tomato Peels Influenced by Industrial Heat Treatments. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010110. [PMID: 33430280 PMCID: PMC7825722 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The circular economy action plan involves principles related to food waste reduction and integration of recovered nutrients to the market. In this context, the present study aims to highlight the valuable bioactive components found in tomato processing by-products (carotenoids, phenolic compounds and fatty acids) influenced by industrial pre-treatments, particularly cold break (CB) process at 65–75 °C and hot break (HB) process at 85–95 °C. The fatty acid profile of the tomato seed oil was examined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), individual carotenoid and phenolic compositions were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the viscoelastic properties were evaluated by rheological measurements. The physicochemical properties revealed appropriate characteristics of the tomato seed oil to fit the standards of generally accepted edible oils, for both CB and HB derived samples, however, significant qualitative and quantitative differences were detected in their phenolic composition and carotenoids content. Lycopene (37.43 ± 1.01 mg/100 mL) was a major carotenoid in the examined samples, linoleic acid was the main fatty acid (61.73%) detected in the tomato seed oil and syringic acid appeared to be one of two major phenolic acids detected in the samples of CB process. Our findings extend the boundaries of tomato processing industry by validating that tomato seed oil is a bioactive rich edible oil with additional health benefits, which can be integrated in functional food products.
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Silva VDM, Macedo MCC, Dos Santos AN, Silva MR, Augusti R, Lacerda ICA, Melo JOF, Fante CA. Bioactive activities and chemical profile characterization using paper spray mass spectrometry of extracts of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. leaves. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8883. [PMID: 33448505 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is a fruit tree that has been used in Chinese medicine for thousands of years for the treatment of various diseases. The loquat leaf extracts contain several bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and identification of these substances using quick and simple methods has been an analytical trend. METHODS The influence of dehydration of loquat leaves (without drying, at 40°C, and at 60°C), the type of solvent (ethanol and methanol), and the method of extraction (shaking and ultrasound) on obtaining extracts containing phenolic compounds and substances with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties was evaluated. The chemical constituents of an extract were identified using paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS). RESULTS The extract obtained from the dehydrated leaves at 40°C presented the best results. The extracts obtained from these leaves and with ethanol had the highest values of total phenolics and antioxidant activities, but the methanolic extract subjected to ultrasound had the highest levels of chlorogenic, caffeic, and ellagic acids. All extracts evaluated inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Using the PS-MS technique, it was possible to identify the presence of 49 substances such as organic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, sugars, quinones, and terpenes. CONCLUSIONS In general, extracts of dehydrated leaves at 40°C and extracted with ethanol using ultrasound can be considered a good source of bioactive compounds with potential applications as functional ingredients or additives in the food and pharmaceutical industries. PS-MS was demonstrated to be a simple and ultrafast technique to obtain the chemical profile of the loquat leaf extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane D M Silva
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara C Macedo
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Amanda N Dos Santos
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro R Silva
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodinei Augusti
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio Onésio F Melo
- Department of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Sete Lagoas, Brazil
| | - Camila A Fante
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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PORFÍRIO MCP, GONÇALVES MS, BORGES MV, LEITE CXDS, SANTOS MRC, SILVA AGD, FONTAN GCR, LEÃO DJ, JESUS RMD, GUALBERTO SA, LANNES SCDS, SILVA MVD. Development of isotonic beverage with functional attributes based on extract of Myrciaria jabuticaba (Vell) Berg. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.14319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Impact of Cooking on Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Pigmented Rice Cultivars. Foods 2020; 9:foods9080967. [PMID: 32707763 PMCID: PMC7466332 DOI: 10.3390/foods9080967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigmented rice cultivars, namely Venere and Artemide, are a source of bioactive molecules, in particular phenolics, including anthocyanins, exerting a positive effect on cardiovascular systems thanks also to their antioxidant capacity. This study aimed to determine the total phenol index (TPI), total flavonoids (TF), total anthocyanins (TA) and in vitro antioxidant capacity in 12 batches of Venere cultivar and two batches of Artemide cultivar. The rice was cooked using different methods (boiling, microwave, pressure cooker, water bath, rice cooker) with the purpose to individuate the procedure limiting the loss of bioactive compounds. TPI, TF and TA were spectrophotometrically determined in both raw and cooked rice samples. Rice samples of Artemide cultivars were richer in TPI (17.7-18.8 vs. 8.2-11.9 g gallic acid/kg in Venere rice), TF (13.1 vs. 5.0-7.1 g catechin/kg rice for Venere rice) and TA (3.2-3.4 vs. 1.8-2.9 g Cy-3glc/kg for Venere rice) in comparison to those of Venere cultivar; as well, they showed higher antioxidant capacity (46.6-47.8 vs. 14.4-31.9 mM Trolox/kg for Venere rice). Among the investigated cooking methods, the rice cooker and the water bath led to lower and comparable losses of phenolics. Interestingly, the cooking water remaining after cooking with the rice cooker was rich in phenolics. The consumption of a portion of rice (100 g) cooked with the rice cooker with its own cooking water can supply 240 mg catechin and 711 mg cyanidin 3-O-glucoside for Venere rice and 545 mg catechin and 614 mg cyanidin 3-O-glucoside for Artemide rice, with a potential positive effect on health.
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Zeb A. Concept, mechanism, and applications of phenolic antioxidants in foods. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13394. [PMID: 32691460 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the concept of phenolic antioxidants, mechanisms of action, and applications have been reviewed. Phenolic compounds (PCs) acts as an antioxidant by reacting with a variety of free radicals. The mechanism of antioxidant actions involved either by hydrogen atom transfer, transfer of a single electron, sequential proton loss electron transfer, and chelation of transition metals. In foods, the PCs act as antioxidants which are measured with several in vitro spectroscopic methods. The PCs have been found in milk and a wide range of dairy products with sole purposes of color, taste, storage stability, and quality enhancement. The role of PCs in three types of food additives, that is, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and flavoring agents have been critically reviewed. The literature revealed that PCs present in a variety of foods possess several health benefits such as antibacterial, antihyperlipidemic, anticancer, antioxidants, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Phenolic compounds are strong antioxidants and are safer than synthetic antioxidants. The wide occurrence in plant foods warranted continuous review applications. This review, therefore, presented an updated comprehensive overview of the concept, mechanism, and applications of phenolic antioxidants in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alam Zeb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Khosravi A, Razavi SH. The role of bioconversion processes to enhance bioaccessibility of polyphenols in rice. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Evaluation of the Phenolic Profile of Castanea sativa Mill. By-Products and Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity against Multiresistant Bacteria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010087. [PMID: 31968590 PMCID: PMC7022504 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The chestnut industry generates a large amount of by-products. These agro-industrial wastes have been described as potential sources of phenolic compounds with high bioactive potential. Therefore, we aimed to extract the phenolic compounds from chestnut by-products and assess their antioxidant potential and evaluate their antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria. The individual phenolic compounds in the ethanolic extracts of chestnut shell, inner shell, bur, and leaves were characterized by HPLC-DAD/electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS. The antioxidant properties were determined by DPPH and ABTS assays. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against 10 bacterial strains. The major phenolic compounds identified in the extracts were trigalloyl-HHDP-glucose, gallic acid, quercetin, and myricetin glycoside derivatives. All chestnut by-products presented promising antioxidant activity in both assays, with leaf samples the ones presenting the highest antioxidant capacity. The inner shell's extract was effective against all Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria; nevertheless, all extracts showed antibacterial activity. Staphylococcus epidermidis showed susceptibility to all extracts while none of the extracts was able to suppress the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. Chestnut by-products are a source of phenolic compounds with prominent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Nevertheless, further studies should be conducted to assess the correlation between phenolic compounds and the bioactivities obtained.
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khosravi A, Razavi SH, Fadda AM. Advanced assessments on innovative methods to improve the bioaccessibility of polyphenols in wheat. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Lourenço SC, Moldão-Martins M, Alves VD. Antioxidants of Natural Plant Origins: From Sources to Food Industry Applications. Molecules 2019; 24:E4132. [PMID: 31731614 PMCID: PMC6891691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, great interest has been focused on using natural antioxidants in food products, due to studies indicating possible adverse effects that may be related to the consumption of synthetic antioxidants. A variety of plant materials are known to be natural sources of antioxidants, such as herbs, spices, seeds, fruits and vegetables. The interest in these natural components is not only due to their biological value, but also to their economic impact, as most of them may be extracted from food by-products and under-exploited plant species. This article provides an overview of current knowledge on natural antioxidants: their sources, extraction methods and stabilization processes. In addition, recent studies on their applications in the food industry are also addressed; namely, as preservatives in different food products and in active films for packaging purposes and edible coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vítor D. Alves
- LEAF, Linking, Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.C.L.); (M.M.-M.)
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Phytochemicals in Daucus carota and Their Health Benefits-Review Article. Foods 2019; 8:foods8090424. [PMID: 31546950 PMCID: PMC6770766 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrots are a multi-nutritional food source. They are an important root vegetable, rich in natural bioactive compounds, which are recognised for their nutraceutical effects and health benefits. This review summarises the occurrence, biosynthesis, factors affecting concentration, and health benefits of phytochemicals found in Daucus carota. Two hundred and fifty-five articles including original research papers, books, and book chapters were analysed, of which one hundred and thirty articles (most relevant to the topic) were selected for writing the review article. The four types of phytochemicals found in carrots, namely phenolics, carotenoids, polyacetylenes, and ascorbic acid, were summarised. These chemicals aid in the risk reduction of cancer and cardiovascular diseases due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, plasma lipid modification, and anti-tumour properties. Numerous factors influence the amount and type of phytochemicals present in carrots. Genotype (colour differences) plays an important role; high contents of α and β-carotene are present in orange carrots, lutein in yellow carrots, lycopene in red carrots, anthocyanins in the root of purple carrots, and phenolic compounds abound in black carrots. Carotenoids range between 3.2 mg/kg and 170 mg/kg, while vitamin C varies from 21 mg/kg to 775 mg/kg between cultivars. Growth temperatures of carrots influence the level of the sugars, carotenoids, and volatile compounds, so that growing in cool conditions results in a higher yield and quality of carrots, while higher temperatures would increase terpene synthesis, resulting in carrots with a bitter taste. It is worthwhile to investigate the cultivation of different genotypes under various environmental conditions to increase levels of phytochemicals and enhance the nutritional value of carrot, along with the valorisation of carrot by-products.
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Szabo K, Diaconeasa Z, Cătoi AF, Vodnar DC. Screening of Ten Tomato Varieties Processing Waste for Bioactive Components and Their Related Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080292. [PMID: 31398838 PMCID: PMC6719044 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Global tomato production is currently around 180 million tons, of which more than a quarter undergoes processing. The removed peels, seeds, and vascular tissues usually end up in landfills, creating environmental pollution. In order to highlight the alternative use of these vegetal wastes, our study investigated 10 tomato varieties in terms of carotenoids content, phenolic composition, and their related antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Tomato peels extracts were screened by high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC/DAD) for qualitative and quantitative analyses. The extracts were tested against six bacterial strains to determine their antimicrobial effect; the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was applied to estimate their antioxidant capacity. Total carotenoids content was significantly higher in Ţărănești roz, a local variety (5.31 ± 0.12 mg/100 g DW), while Mirsini, a commercial hybrid, presented significantly higher total phenolic content (155 ± 2 mg/100 g DW) compared to the mean value of all analyzed samples. The methanolic extracts of tomato peels presented acceptable antimicrobial activity against Staphilococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and the mean antioxidant activity was 201 ± 44 µmol Trolox/100 g DW tomato peels. Considering that tomato peels have lycopene, β-carotene, lutein, and different phenolic compounds in their composition, tomato industrial by-products could represent a source of natural bioactive molecules with applicability in nutraceuticals and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Szabo
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zorița Diaconeasa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana-Florinela Cătoi
- Pathophysiology Department, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Patagonian Berries: Healthy Potential and the Path to Becoming Functional Foods. Foods 2019; 8:foods8080289. [PMID: 31357475 PMCID: PMC6722795 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in studying food and its derived ingredients that can provide beneficial effects for human health. These studies are helping to understand the bases of the ancestral use of several natural products, including native fruits as functional foods. As a result, the polyphenol profile and the antioxidant capacity of the extracts obtained from different Patagonian native berries have been described. This review aims to provide valuable information regarding fruit quality, its particular compound profile, and the feasibility of producing functional foods for human consumption to prevent disorders such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. We also discuss attempts concerning the domestication of these species and generating knowledge that strengthens their potential as traditional fruits in the food market and as a natural heritage for future generations. Finally, additional efforts are still necessary to fully understand the potential beneficial effects of the consumption of these berries on human health, the application of suitable technology for postharvest improvement, and the generation of successfully processed foods derived from Patagonian berries.
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The bioactive efficiency of ultrasonic extracts from acorn leaves and green walnut husks against Bacillus cereus: a hybrid approach to PCA with the Taguchi method. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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49
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Chu C, Yan N, Du Y, Liu X, Chu M, Shi J, Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhang Z. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis reveals the accumulation of bioactive compounds in Chinese wild rice (Zizania latifolia) during germination. Food Chem 2019; 289:635-644. [PMID: 30955658 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulate during seed germination, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to elucidate the accumulation of these bioactive compounds in Chinese wild rice during germination. The greatest differences in the phenolic content were at 36-h (G36) and 120-h germination (G120) stages. An iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis revealed 7031 proteins, and a comparison of the G120 and G36 stages revealed 956 upregulated and 188 downregulated proteins. The KEGG analysis revealed significant protein enrichment in the "metabolic pathways", "biosynthesis of secondary metabolites" and "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis". Four phenylalanine ammonia-lyases, one 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, one cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, two cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases, and four glutamate decarboxylases exhibited higher expression at the G120 than at the G36 stage and promoted phenolics and GABA accumulation. This study revealed bioactive compound accumulation in germinating Chinese wild rice, and the finding may help develop functional foods derived from this cereal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yongmei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Meijun Chu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - John Shi
- Guelph Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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Nicolin V, De Tommasi N, Nori SL, Costantinides F, Berton F, Di Lenarda R. Modulatory Effects of Plant Polyphenols on Bone Remodeling: A Prospective View From the Bench to Bedside. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:494. [PMID: 31396157 PMCID: PMC6663995 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past, a more comprehensive knowledge of mechanisms implicated in bone resorption processes has driven researchers to develop a compound library of many small molecules that specifically interfere with the genesis of osteoclast precursors cells. Natural compounds that suppress osteoclast commitment may have therapeutic value in treating pathologies associated with bone resorption like osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, bone metastasis, and periodontal disease. The present review is focused on the current knowledge on the polyphenols derived from plants that could be efficacious in suppressing osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Nicolin
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vanessa Nicolin
| | | | | | | | - Federico Berton
- School of Dental Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Lenarda
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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