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Kuklya A, Poelke B, Michna K, Lehmann S, Kappenstein O, Sarvan I, Luch A, Roloff A, Bruhn T. A multi-technique approach for the quantification of 60 plasticizers and selected additives using GC- and LC-MS/MS and its application for beverages in the BfR MEAL study. Food Chem 2024; 446:138874. [PMID: 38460277 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The development of multi-analyte methods is always challenging, especially when the target compounds derive from many different substance classes. We present an approach to analyze up to 60 additives - mainly plasticizer - including 28 phthalates and 32 further compounds such as sebacates, adipates, citrates, fatty acid amides, among others. Our multi-analyte multi-technique approach combines a single sample preparation step with one GC-MS/MS and two LC-MS/MS quantification methods. We demonstrate the applicability for beverages by a full validation in tomato juice matrix and determining the recoveries in apple juice, mulled wine, and spirits. The approach features good reproducibilities and high precisions with limits of quantification in the low µg·kg-1 food range, enabling the method to be applied for enforcement and especially for exposure investigations. In course of the BfR MEAL study, 16 pooled beverage samples were examined and - if at all - analytes were found only in very low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Kuklya
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Birte Poelke
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaudia Michna
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Saskia Lehmann
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Kappenstein
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Safety in the Food Chain, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Irmela Sarvan
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Exposure, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Roloff
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Bruhn
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Chen H, Liu J, Hu L, Yang J, Wang Y, Sun W, Wang R, Ding G, Li Y. Mycotoxins from Alternaria Panax, the specific plant pathogen of Panax ginseng. Mycology 2024; 14:381-392. [PMID: 38187879 PMCID: PMC10769115 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2265662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginseng black spot, caused by Alternaria panax, is one of the most common diseases of Panax ginseng, which usually causes serious yield loss of ginseng plants. However, the pathogenic mechanism of A. panax has not been clarified clearly. Mycotoxins produced by phytopathogens play an important role in the process of infection. Previous study reported that dibutyl phthalate (DBP) identified from the metabolites of A. panax is a potent mycotoxin against P. ginseng. However, more evidence suggests that DBP is one of the constituents of plasticisers. To identify mycotoxins from A. panax and evaluate their phytotoxicity on the leaves of P. ginseng, different chromatographic, spectral and bioassay-guided methods were used together in this report. As a result, tyrosol (1), 3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl) propanoic acid (2), and 3-benzylpiperazine-2,5-dione (3) were isolated and characterised from the extract of A. panax, in which compounds 1 and 2 showed phytotoxic activity on ginseng leaves. Furthermore, DBP was confirmed to come from the residue of ethyl acetate through UPLC-MS/MS analysis, and displayed no phytotoxicity on ginseng leaves based on biological experiments. The results in this report first revealed that tyrosol (1), and 3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl) propanoic acid (2) not DBP were the potent mycotoxins of A. panax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanduo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wensong Sun
- Liaoning Research Institute of Cash Crops, Liaoyang, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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3
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Freitas F, Cabrita MJ, da Silva MG. A Critical Review of Analytical Methods for the Quantification of Phthalates Esters in Two Important European Food Products: Olive Oil and Wine. Molecules 2023; 28:7628. [PMID: 38005350 PMCID: PMC10673500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are a class of chemicals widely used as plasticizers. These compounds, considered toxic, do not bond to the polymeric matrix of plastic and can, therefore, migrate into the surrounding environment, posing a risk to human health. The primary source of human exposure is food, which can become contaminated during cultivation, production, and packaging. Therefore, it is imperative to control and regulate this exposure. This review covers the analytical methods used for their determination in two economically significant products: olive oil and wine. Additionally, it provides a summary and analysis of information regarding the characteristics, toxicity, effects on human health, and current regulations pertaining to PAEs in food. Various approaches for the extraction, purification, and quantification of these analytes are highlighted. Solvent and sorbent-based extraction techniques are reviewed, as are the chromatographic separation and other methods currently applied in the analysis of PAEs in wines and olive oils. The analysis of these contaminants is challenging due to the complexities of the matrices and the widespread presence of PAEs in analytical laboratories, demanding the implementation of appropriate strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Freitas
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria João Cabrita
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Marco Gomes da Silva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
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4
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Ferrara D, Beccaria M, Cordero CE, Purcaro G. Microwave-assisted extraction in closed vessel in food analysis. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300390. [PMID: 37654060 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is an important technique in analytical chemistry. It offers several advantages over traditional extraction methods, such as improved extraction efficiency, shorter extraction times, reduced solvent consumption, and enhanced analyte recovery. Using microwaves, heat is directly applied to the sample, leading to rapid and efficient extraction of target compounds by enhancing the solubility and diffusion of the target compounds, thus requiring lower solvent volume. Therefore, MAE can be considered a more environmentally friendly and cost-effective option facilitating the transition toward greener and more sustainable analytical chemistry workflows. This contribution systematically reviews the application of MAE to a selection of target compounds/compounds classes of relevance for food quality and safety assessment. As inclusion criteria, MAE active temperature control and molecularly-resolved characterization of the extracts were considered. Contents include a brief introduction of the principles of operation, available systems characteristics, and key parameters influencing extraction efficiency and selectivity. The application section covers functional food components (e.g., phenols, diterpenes, and carotenoids), lipids, contaminants (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and mineral oil hydrocarbons), pesticides, veterinary drug residues, and a selection of process contaminants and xenobiotics of relevance for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Ferrara
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Beccaria
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences (DOCPAS), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Chiara E Cordero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgia Purcaro
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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5
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Arena A, Zoccali M, Mondello L, Tranchida PQ. Direct analysis of phthalate esters in vegetable oils by means of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2022; 396:133721. [PMID: 35870242 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs), known as phthalates, have a variety of industrial applications, mainly related to their ability to increase plastic softness,flexibility, and durability. With regard to toxicological aspects, several studies suggest that phthalates would act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and they have been correlated to several forms of cancer. Since the analysis of PAEs in food is challenging, the aim of this study was the development of a simple and direct method, with no sample preparation (only dilution withsolvent), for the analysis of targeted phthalates in vegetable oils, by using cryogenic-modulation comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The method was characterized by good repeatability values, limit of quantification values ranging between 0.06 and 2.10 mg/kg, accuracy values ranging from -9.2 to 10.4%, and a matrix effectranging from -4 to 78%.The developed technique was used for the analysis of 27 vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Arena
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariosimone Zoccali
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Science, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Q Tranchida
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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6
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Jing JX, Sun X, Wang NL, Pei D, Di DL, Huang XY. Comprehensive separation of a wide variety of compounds from olive leaves by counter-current chromatography with three-phase solvent system. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1942-1951. [PMID: 35332676 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The three-phase solvent system counter-current chromatography has been of great research interest, because it can separate compounds with a wide range of polarity. The solvent system of n-hexane/methyl tert-butyl ether/acetonitrile/water (5:5:7:5, v/v) was used for counter-current chromatographic comprehensive separation of olive leaves. The study adopted the normal elution mode. The middle phase and the lower phase (at a volume ratio of 7:3) were pumped into the column simultaneously, followed by eluting with the upper, middle and lower phases in sequence. The retention rate of the stationary phase measured by the experiment was 73.5%. The upper phase was used to eluted the nonpolar compounds, then the mobile phase was switched to the middle phase to elute the moderately hydrophobic compounds, finally, the polar compounds were eluted by the lower phase remaining in the chromatographic column. This method successfully separated eight compounds in one step within 270 minutes and five compounds were identified. The logP values of these five compounds were 7.44, 7.86, 4.16, -0.11, 0.96, respectively, covering a wide range of polarities. The present study demonstrated that the three-phase solvent has a strong extraction capacity for ingredients from extremely hydrophilic compounds to extremely hydrophobic compounds. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xian Jing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ning-Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Duo-Long Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin-Yi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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7
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Bakhshizadeh Aghdam M, Farajzadeh MA, Afshar Mogaddam MR. Magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction based on carbonized cellulose-ferromagnetic nanocomposite for screening phthalate esters in aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1663:462756. [PMID: 34954530 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a sorbent of the carbonized cellulose-ferromagnetic nanocomposite has been proposed for the magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction of some plasticizers in aqueous samples. Carbonized cellulose nanoparticles were prepared by treatment of cellulose filter paper with concentrated sulfuric acid and then loaded on Fe3O4 nanoparticles using coprecipitation. This sorbent is compatible with aqueous samples and can be considered as a viable sorbent for extraction of plasticizers from aqueous samples. In this study, magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction is followed by a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method. This combination makes the proposed approach as an efficient clean-up method with high enrichment factors for the selected analytes. The enriched analytes are monitored by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector. Parameters affecting the method efficiency were investigated in details. Under the optimized extraction conditions, limits of detection could reach up to of 0.15-0.50 µg L-1. The satisfactory enrichment factors of 286-403 were obtained, and the extraction recoveries were found to be in the range of 57-80%. Relative standard deviations were in the range of 3-7% for intra-day and inter-day precisions for six replicate extractions at 25 µg L-1 of each plasticizer. Calibration curves were linear in wide ranges with coefficients of determination ≥ 0.995. Eventually, efficiency of the prepared sorbent was confirmed by the extraction of some plasticizers from real samples including fruit juices, mineral water, injection solution, cola, and yoghourt drink packed in plastic containers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Engineering Faculty, Near East University, Mersin 10, Nicosia, North Cyprus 99138, Turkey.
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8
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Yushchenko DY, Zhizhina EG, Pai ZP. Methods for the Synthesis of Phthalic Acid Dichlorides. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050420010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Luo Q, Liu ZH, Yin H, Dang Z, Wu PX, Zhu NW, Lin Z, Liu Y. Global review of phthalates in edible oil: An emerging and nonnegligible exposure source to human. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135369. [PMID: 31812395 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the presence of seven major phthalates in nine different kinds of edible oils (i.e. olive, rapeseed, peanut, sesame, tea seed, corn, soybean, sunflower, and blended oil) and their potential impacts on human. The respective total average phthalates concentrations in the oils studied were found to be 6.01, 2.79, 2.63, 2.03, 1.73, 1.66, 1.57, 1.26, and 0.72 mg/kg. On the other hand, the seven main phthalates in the edible oils with the average concentration ranked from high to low were in order of DiNP, DEHP, DiDP, DBP, DiBP, DEP, and BBP, with 0.90, 0.81, 0.79, 0.71, 0.22, 0.17, and 0.10 mg/kg, respectively. The estimated maximum human daily intakes (EDI) of DEHP, DBP, DiBP, DiNP, BBP, DEP, and DiDP via edible oils were determined to be 552, 2996, 121, 356, 268, 66, and 563 μg/p/d, respectively. It was further revealed that the maximum human EDI of DEHP, DBP, BBP, and DiBP through consumption of edible oils were 2.92, 6.79, 1.24, and 1.06 times higher than those via bottled water. The calculated average estrogenic equivalence (EEQ) values of the seven major phthalates in edible oils fell into the range of 2.7-958.1 ng E2/L, which were 45-396 times of those in bottled water. With published works, the complete distributions of 15 phthalates in nine kinds of edible oils were established and assessed for the health risks based on EDI and EEQ. This work provided the first evidence that edible oil is a potential source of phthalates, thus the potential adverse estrogenic effects on human health should need to be assessed in a holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Luo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environment Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hua Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping-Xiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Neng-Wu Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Nanomaterials, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, CleanTech one, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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10
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ZHOU YF, WANG ZL, MENG Z, MEN XQ, LI JG, LIU WY. Determination of Pyrethroids and Phthalate Esters in Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae by Successive Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction and Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(19)61184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Jiang J, Chen T, Xu X. Simultaneous Determination of 16 Phthalate Esters in Suet Oil by GC–EIMS Coupled with Refrigerant Centrifugation and Ethylenediamine-N-propylsilane Depuration. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Liu LX, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li GH, Yang GJ, Feng XS. The Application of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography in Food Quality and Food Safety: An Overview. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:136-160. [PMID: 30900462 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1586520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-xia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-jian Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Khoshmaram L, Abdolmohammad-Zadeh H, Ghaffarzadeh E. Air-assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and a drying step for extraction and preconcentration of some phthalate esters from edible oils prior to their determination by GC. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:736-743. [PMID: 30480371 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new, cheap, simple, fast, and low organic solvent consuming procedure is proposed for isolation, enrichment, and gas chromatographic determination of some phthalate esters in edible oils. The method is based on a combination of air-assisted liquid-liquid extraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by a drying step under N2 gas. Several experimental parameters affecting both extraction and preconcentration steps were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions for the proposed method, wide linear ranges (0.05-800 μg/L) and low detection limits (0.007-0.023 μg/L) were observed. The ranges of enrichment factors and extraction recoveries were 68-340 and 14-68%, respectively. Eventually, the target analytes were successfully determined in different edible oils using the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Khoshmaram
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Elham Ghaffarzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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Zhang S, Yang Q, Li Z, Wang W, Zang X, Wang C, Wang Z. Solid phase microextraction of phthalic acid esters from vegetable oils using iron (III)-based metal-organic framework/graphene oxide coating. Food Chem 2018; 263:258-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Evaluation of Phthalic Acid Esters in Fish Samples Using Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Simplified QuEChERS Technique. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Salazar-Beltrán D, Hinojosa-Reyes L, Ruiz-Ruiz E, Hernández-Ramírez A, Guzmán-Mar JL. Phthalates in Beverages and Plastic Bottles: Sample Preparation and Determination. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Shi LK, Zhang MM, Liu YL. Concentration and survey of phthalic acid esters in edible vegetable oils and oilseeds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in China. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Zhou RZ, Jiang J, Mao T, Zhao YS, Lu Y. Multiresidue analysis of environmental pollutants in edible vegetable oils by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2016; 207:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Wu R, Ma F, Zhang L, Li P, Li G, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Wang X. Simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds in sesame oil using LC–MS/MS combined with magnetic carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Food Chem 2016; 204:334-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Vavrouš A, Pavloušková J, Ševčík V, Vrbík K, Čabala R. Solution for blank and matrix difficulties encountered during phthalate analysis of edible oils by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1456:196-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Insuan W, Khawmodjod P, Whitlow HJ, Soonthondecha P, Malem F, Chienthavorn O. High-Throughput and Low-Cost Analysis of Trace Volatile Phthalates in Seafood by Online Coupling of Monolithic Capillary Adsorbent with GC-MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:3287-3292. [PMID: 27082024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and high-throughput method was developed for the determination of six volatile phthalate esters-dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP)-in seafood samples by using monolith adsorbent in a capillary coupled to a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system. The freeze-dried samples were subjected to an ultrasonication with hexane, followed by vortex mixing. The liquid extract was quantitatively determined by a direct application to an online silica monolith capillary adsorbent coupled with a gas chromatograph with mass spectrometric detection. Method validation in seafood matrix gave recoveries of 72.8-85.4% and a detection limit of 6.8-10.0 ng g(-1) for bivalve samples. Reusability of the monolith capillary for trapping coextracted matrix was up to six times, allowing high-throughput analysis at the parts per billion level. When compared with the Food and Environment Research Agency (FERA) method, no significant difference in the result was observed, confirming the method was valid and applicable for the routine analysis of phthalates in seafood samples for food and environmental laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wimonrut Insuan
- Department of Chemistry, Kasetsart University , P.O. Box 1011 Chatuchak, Bangkok 10903, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University , Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Phatchara Khawmodjod
- Department of Chemistry, Kasetsart University , P.O. Box 1011 Chatuchak, Bangkok 10903, Thailand
- The Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University , P.O. Box 1011 Chatuchak, Bangkok 10903, Thailand
| | - Harry J Whitlow
- Department of Chemistry, Kasetsart University , P.O. Box 1011 Chatuchak, Bangkok 10903, Thailand
- Haute Ecole Arc Ingénierie, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland (HES-SO) , Eplatures-Grise 17, CH-2300 La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Peerapong Soonthondecha
- Environmental Research and Training Center, Department of Environmental Quality Promotion, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Technopolis , Klongluang, Pathumtani 12120, Thailand
| | - Fairda Malem
- Environmental Research and Training Center, Department of Environmental Quality Promotion, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Technopolis , Klongluang, Pathumtani 12120, Thailand
| | - Orapin Chienthavorn
- Department of Chemistry, Kasetsart University , P.O. Box 1011 Chatuchak, Bangkok 10903, Thailand
- The Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University , P.O. Box 1011 Chatuchak, Bangkok 10903, Thailand
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22
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Recent advances in microwave-assisted extraction of trace organic pollutants from food and environmental samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Simultaneous enantioselective determination of triadimefon and its metabolite triadimenol in edible vegetable oil by gel permeation chromatography and ultraperformance convergence chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8849-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Hsu YL, Hung JY, Tsai EM, Wu CY, Ho YW, Jian SF, Yen MC, Chang WA, Hou MF, Kuo PL. Benzyl butyl phthalate increases the chemoresistance to doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide by increasing breast cancer-associated dendritic cell-derived CXCL1/GROα and S100A8/A9. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2889-900. [PMID: 26397389 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are used as plasticizers in the manufacture of flexible vinyl, which is used in food contact applications. Phthalates have been demonstrated to have an adverse impact on human health, particularly in terms of cancer development. In the present study, we showed for the first time that benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) potentiates the effect of tumor‑associated dendritic cells (TADCs) on the chemoresistance of breast cancer. Specific knockdown analysis revealed that S100A9 is the major factor responsible for the chemoresistance of doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide induced by BBP-stimulated TADCs in breast cancer. BBP exposure also increased tumor infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) secretion of S100A8/A9, thereby exacerbating the resistance of breast cancer to doxorubicin with cyclophosphamide. In addition, BBP also stimulated the production of CXCL1/GROα by TADCs, which increased the angiogenesis of breast cancer in a mouse model. Inhibition of CXCL1/GROα by a neutralizing antibody, decreased the BBP-induced angiogenesis induced by BBP after chemotherapy in the mouse model. These results, for the first time, provide evidence that BBP influences the efficacy of chemotherapy by remodeling the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Yu Hung
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Ying Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ya-Wen Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fang Jian
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Meng-Chi Yen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-An Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
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25
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Indirect Competitive Chemiluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay Method for Determination of Dimethyl Phthalate in Soy Sauce and Liquor. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(15)60839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Chang L, Bi P, Li X, Wei Y. Study of solvent sublation for concentration of trace phthalate esters in plastic beverage packaging and analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2015; 177:127-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Wu W, Hu J, Wang J, Chen X, Yao N, Tao J, Zhou YK. Analysis of phthalate esters in soils near an electronics manufacturing facility and from a non-industrialized area by gas purge microsyringe extraction and gas chromatography. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 508:445-451. [PMID: 25506907 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, a novel technique is described for the extraction and quantitative determination of six phthalate esters (PAEs) from soils by gas purge microsyringe extraction and gas chromatography. Recovery of PAEs ranged from 81.4% to 120.3%, and the relative standard deviation (n=6) ranged from 5.3% to 10.5%. Soil samples were collected from roadsides, farmlands, residential areas, and non-cultivated areas in a non-industrialized region, and from the same land-use types within 1 km of an electronics manufacturing facility (n=142). Total PAEs varied from 2.21 to 157.62 mg kg(-1) in non-industrialized areas and from 8.63 to 171.64 mg kg(-1) in the electronics manufacturing area. PAE concentrations in the non-industrialized area were highest in farmland, followed (in decreasing order) by roadsides, residential areas, and non-cultivated soil. In the electronics manufacturing area, PAE concentrations were highest in roadside soils, followed by residential areas, farmland, and non-cultivated soils. Concentrations of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) differed significantly (P<0.01) between the industrial and non-industrialized areas. Principal component analysis indicated that the strongest explanatory factor was related to DMP and DnBP in non-industrialized soils and to butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and DMP in soils near the electronics manufacturing facility. Congener-specific analysis confirmed that diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) was a predictive indication both in the non-industrialized area (r(2)=0.944, P<0.01) and the industrialized area (r(2)=0.860, P<0.01). The higher PAE contents in soils near the electronics manufacturing facility are of concern, considering the large quantities of electronic wastes generated with ongoing industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinqi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuerong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Na Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yi-Kai Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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28
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Qian M, Zhang H, Wu L, Jin N, Wang J, Jiang K. Simultaneous determination of zearalenone and its derivatives in edible vegetable oil by gel permeation chromatography and gas chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2015; 166:23-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Wu H, Tian H, Chen MF, You JC, Du LM, Fu YL. Anionic surfactant micelle-mediated extraction coupled with dispersive magnetic microextraction for the determination of phthalate esters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7682-7689. [PMID: 25029225 DOI: 10.1021/jf502364x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel and easy two-step microextraction technique combining anionic surfactant coacervation phase (CAP) extraction and dispersive microsolid-phase extraction (D-μ-SPE) was developed for the high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection to determination of phthalate esters (PEs) in water samples. The method started with the phase separation of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (SDBSA) obtained by adding NaCl, whereas the target analytes were extracted in the CAP. The CAP was then retrieved using diatomaceous earth-supported magnetite nanoparticles. The effects of solution acidity, SDBSA, and electrolyte concentration, extraction time, magnetic material quantity, and elution solvent volume were discussed. Under optimal extraction conditions, the extraction recoveries ranged from 48.6 to 84.8%, and relative standard deviations ranged from 3.9 to 5.7% (n = 10). The detection limits ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 ng mL(-1) for the five PEs. The proposed method was used to determine the five PEs in the water samples and recoveries between 85.7 and 105.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Analytical and Testing Center, Shanxi Normal University , Linfen, Shanxi 041004, P. R. China
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30
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Qiao J, Wang M, Yan H, Yang G. Dispersive solid-phase extraction based on magnetic dummy molecularly imprinted microspheres for selective screening of phthalates in plastic bottled beverages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2782-2789. [PMID: 24620789 DOI: 10.1021/jf4051705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new magnetic dummy molecularly imprinted dispersive solid-phase extraction (MAG-MIM-dSPE) coupled with gas chromatography-FID was developed for selective determination of phthalates in plastic bottled beverages. The new magnetic dummy molecularly imprinted microspheres (MAG-MIM) using diisononyl phthalate as a template mimic were synthesized by coprecipitation coupled with aqueous suspension polymerization and were successfully applied as the adsorbents for MAG-MIM-dSPE to extract and isolate five phthalates from plastic bottled beverages. Validation experiments showed that the MAG-MIM-dSPE method had good linearity at 0.0040-0.40 μg/mL (0.9991-0.9998), good precision (3.1-6.9%), and high recovery (89.5-101.3%), and limits of detection were obtained in a range of 0.53-1.2 μg/L. The presented MAG-MIM-dSPE method combines the quick separation of magnetic particles, special selectivity of MIM, and high extraction efficiency of dSPE, which could potentially be applied to selective screening of phthalates in beverage products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province & College of Pharmacy, Hebei University , Baoding, 071002, China
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31
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Zhou J, Qi Y, Wu H, Diao Q, Tian F, Li Y. Simultaneous determination of trace migration of phthalate esters in honey and royal jelly by GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:650-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zhou
- Bee Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
- Bee Product Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing P.R. China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Bee Products, Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Yitao Qi
- Texas Heart Institute; St Luke's Episcopal Hospital; Houston TX USA
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - Qingyun Diao
- Bee Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Feifei Tian
- Analytical Instruments Department Limited, Beijing Office; Shimadzu International Trading Co., Ltd.; P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Bee Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
- Bee Product Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing P.R. China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Bee Products, Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing P.R. China
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32
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Surface molecularly imprinted polymers with synthetic dummy template for simultaneously selective recognition of nine phthalate esters. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1330:6-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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33
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Zhang M, Huang J, Zeng J, Zhang C. Silicon dioxide–poly(dimethylsiloxane) with a bilayer structure, incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes, supported on stainless steel wire as a solid-phase microextraction fiber for the determination of trace phthalate esters in drinking water samples. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45374j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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34
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Bi X, Pan X, Yuan S, Wang Q. Plasticizer contamination in edible vegetable oil in a U.S. retail market. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:9502-9509. [PMID: 24016262 DOI: 10.1021/jf402576a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
With the wide application of plastics, the contamination of plasticizers migrating from plastic materials in the environment is becoming ubiquitous. The presence of phthalates, the major group of plasticizers, in edible items has gained increasingly more concern due to their endocrine disrupting property. In this study, 15 plasticizers in 21 edible vegetable oils purchased from a U.S. retail market were analyzed using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) were detected in all oil samples. Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP) were detected at a rate of 95.2, 90.5, and 90.5%, respectively. The detection rates for all other plasticizers ranged from 0 to 57.1%. The content of total plasticizers in oil samples was determined to be 210-7558 μg/kg, which was comparable to the content range in oil marketed in Italy. Although no significant difference (p = 0.05) in the total content of plasticizer was observed among oil species (soybean, canola, corn, and olive), the wider range and higher average of total content of plasticizers in olive oil than other oil species indicated the inconsistence of plasticizer contamination in olive oil and a possible priority for quality monitoring. No significant difference (p = 0.05) in the total content of plasticizers was found among glass-bottle (n = 4), plastic-bottle (n = 14), and metal-can (n = 3) packaging, implying that oil packaging is not the major cause of plasticizer contamination. The daily intake amount of plasticizers contained in edible oil on this U.S. retail market constituted only a minimum percentage of reference dose established by US EPA, thus no obvious toxicological effect might be caused. However, the fact that DEHP content in two olive oils exceeded relevant special migration limits (SMLs) of Europe and China might need attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Bi
- Nanjing Institute of Technology , Jiangsu 211167, China
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35
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Lv X, Hao Y, Jia Q. Preconcentration Procedures for Phthalate Esters Combined with Chromatographic Analysis. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 51:632-44. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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36
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Liu Y, Wang S, Wang L. Development of rapid determination of 18 phthalate esters in edible vegetable oils by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:1160-1164. [PMID: 23339279 DOI: 10.1021/jf3053884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A simultaneous and fast determination of 18 phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in edible vegetable oils was developed. After solvent extraction, the PAEs in the oil sample were further cleaned up by solid-phase extraction. After concentration, the extract was directly injected into gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) in positive-ion electron impact (EI) mode. Method quantification limits of 18 PAEs were between 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg. Quantitative recoveries ranging from 63.9 to 115.3% were obtained by analysis of spiked oil. The relative standard deviations were less than 15% (n = 6). The method could potentially overcome the interference from large amounts of lipids and pigment. It was applied to real sample and shown to be a rapid and reliable alternative for determination and confirmation of PAEs in routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Liu
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shijiazhuang 050021, PR China
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