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Wang C, Gu C, Zhao X, Yu S, Zhang X, Xu F, Ding L, Huang X, Qian J. Self-designed portable dual-mode fluorescence device with custom python-based analysis software for rapid detection via dual-color FRET aptasensor with IoT capabilities. Food Chem 2024; 457:140190. [PMID: 38924915 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
An innovative aptasensor incorporating MoS2-modified bicolor quantum dots and a portable spectrometer, designed for the simultaneous detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in corn was developed. Carbon dots and CdZnTe quantum dots were as nano-donors to label OTA and AFB1 aptamers, respectively. These labeled aptamers were subsequently attached to MoS2 receptors, enabling fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). With targets, the labeled aptamers detached from the nano-donors, thereby disrupting the FRET process and resulting in fluorescence recovery. Furthermore, a portable dual-mode fluorescence detection system, complemented with customized python-based analysis software, was developed to facilitate rapid and convenient detection using this dual-color FRET aptasensor. The developed host program is connected to the spectrometer and transmits data to the cloud, enabling the device to have Internet of Things (IoT) characteristics. Connected to the cloud, this IoT-enabled device offers convenient and reliable fungal toxin detection for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengquan Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Chengdong Gu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Foyan Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lijun Ding
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xingyi Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jing Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Massahi T, Kiani A, Moradi M, Soleimani H, Omer AK, Habibollahi MH, Mansouri B, Sharafi K. A worldwide systematic review of ochratoxin A in various coffee products - human exposure and health risk assessment. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39259858 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2400697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most commonly consumed beverages worldwide, so assessing its quality for potential health risks is essential. Therefore, this review aimed to determine the levels of ochratoxin A (OTA) in coffee worldwide and then estimate its human intake and health risks. The systematic search took place from June 1997 to April 2024 and 40 of 254 articles were selected based on the selection criteria. The results showed significant differences in average levels of OTA between countries, continents and coffee types (p < 0.001). Of 3256 samples, OTA was detected in 1778, accounting for 54.6% of the total, with the percentage of positive results varying between 7.5% and 100%. Only two studies reported OTA average levels in roasted coffee exceeding the maximum limit (ML) set by the European Commission (ML-EC = 5 μg/kg). The average OTA in soluble coffee was lower than ML-EC (10 μg/kg) in all studies, and in instant coffee, the level of OTA was higher than ML-EC (10 μg/kg) only in one study. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of OTA in all coffee types was lower than the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) values set by joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) (14 ng/kg bw/day) and proposed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (17 ng/kg bw/day). Non-carcinogenic risk assessment through coffee consumption indicated that the hazard quotient (HQ) was below the acceptable level, HQ = 1. The Margin of Exposure (MoE) for neoplastic effects was acceptable and unacceptable for non-neoplastic effects (NNE) in 4.5% (one of 22 cases) of the roasted and soluble coffees, but acceptable for all instant coffees. In conclusion, the study shows that the OTA content of coffee is not toxic to consumers worldwide. However, preventative measures should be taken, including inhibiting fungal growth and reducing OTA-producing fungal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooraj Massahi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Kiani
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center (RMRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Moradi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamed Soleimani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdullah Khalid Omer
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kiomars Sharafi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Guadalupe GA, Grandez-Yoplac DE, García L, Doménech E. A Comprehensive Bibliometric Study in the Context of Chemical Hazards in Coffee. TOXICS 2024; 12:526. [PMID: 39058178 PMCID: PMC11281111 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The research aimed to carefully review the chemical hazards linked to the coffee production chain to analyse the risks and opportunities for consumers and the environment, as well as identify potential knowledge gaps. The Scopus database was consulted from 1949 to April 2024 to conduct a bibliometric analysis. As a result, 680 articles were analysed. Results indicated a significant increase in research activity since 2015. China, Brazil, and the USA were the leading countries in scientific production and collaborations. The most prolific journals in this field were Chemosphere, Science of the Total Environment, Food Chemistry, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, and Journal of Environmental Management, all of which are in the first quartile. The word analysis revealed two main themes: the first focuses on the chemical hazards of coffee and their impact on health, while the second explores the waste generated during coffee production and its potential for reuse. The topics covered in the research include the composition of coffee, associated chemical hazards, possible health risks, and ways to reuse waste for environmental protection. Future research should concentrate on optimising techniques and processes to ensure quality, safety, and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grobert A. Guadalupe
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru;
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos Food-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Dorila E. Grandez-Yoplac
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru;
| | - Ligia García
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, 342 Higos Urco, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru;
| | - Eva Doménech
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos Food-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Prakasham K, Gurrani S, Shiea JT, Wu MT, Wu CF, Ku YJ, Tsai TY, Hua HT, Lin YJ, Huang PC, Andaluri G, Ponnusamy VK. Rapid Identification and Analysis of Ochratoxin-A in Food and Agricultural Soil Samples Using a Novel Semi-Automated In-Syringe Based Fast Mycotoxin Extraction (FaMEx) Technique Coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031442. [PMID: 36771116 PMCID: PMC9921652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a fast mycotoxin extraction (FaMEx) technique was developed for the rapid identification and quantification of carcinogenic ochratoxin-A (OTA) in food (coffee and tea) and agricultural soil samples using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) detection. The FaMEx technique advancement is based on two plastic syringes integrated setup for rapid extraction and its subsequent controlled clean-up process. In the extraction process, a 0.25-g sample and extraction solvent were added to the first syringe barrel for the vortex-based extraction. Then, the extraction syringe was connected to a clean-up syringe (pre-packed with C18, activated carbon, and MgSO4) with a syringe filter. Afterward, the whole set-up was placed in an automated programmable mechanical set-up for controlled elution. To enhance FaMEx technology performance, the various influencing sample pretreatment parameters were optimized. Furthermore, the developed FaMEx method indicated excellent linearity (0.9998 and 0.9996 for coffee/tea and soil) with highly sensitive detection (0.30 and 0.29 ng/mL for coffee/tea and soil) and quantification limits (1.0 and 0.96 for coffee/tea and soil), which is lower than the toxicity limit compliant with the European Union regulation for OTA (5 ng/g). The method showed acceptable relative recovery (84.48 to 100.59%) with <7.34% of relative standard deviation for evaluated real samples, and the matrix effects were calculated as <-13.77% for coffee/tea and -9.7 for soil samples. The obtained results revealed that the developed semi-automated FaMEx/UHPLC-MS/MS technique is easy, fast, low-cost, sensitive, and precise for mycotoxin detection in food and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Prakasham
- PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine & Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Swapnil Gurrani
- PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine & Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Taie Shiea
- PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine & Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine & Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fang Wu
- PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine & Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- International Master Program of Translational Medicine, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jia Ku
- Research and Development Center, Great Engineering Technology (GETECH) Corporation, No. 392, Yucheng Rd., Zuoying District., Kaohsiung City 813, Taiwan
| | - Tseng-Yu Tsai
- Research and Development Center, Great Engineering Technology (GETECH) Corporation, No. 392, Yucheng Rd., Zuoying District., Kaohsiung City 813, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ta Hua
- Research and Development Center, Great Engineering Technology (GETECH) Corporation, No. 392, Yucheng Rd., Zuoying District., Kaohsiung City 813, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Lin
- Research and Development Center, Great Engineering Technology (GETECH) Corporation, No. 392, Yucheng Rd., Zuoying District., Kaohsiung City 813, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine & Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Gangadhar Andaluri
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine & Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Goyal R, Bishnoi S, Sharma A, Singhal R, Gupta P. Electrochemical sensing of chlorpyrifos, a carcinogen responsible for breast cancer, in milk and plasma of lactating mothers. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pandey AK, Samota MK, Sanches Silva A. Mycotoxins along the tea supply chain: A dark side of an ancient and high valued aromatic beverage. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8672-8697. [PMID: 35452322 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2061908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTSTea (Camellia sinensis L.) is a high valued beverage worldwide since ancient times; more than three billion cups of tea are consumed each day. Leaf extracts of the plant are used for food preservation, cosmetics, and medicinal purposes. Nevertheless, tea contaminated with mycotoxins poses a serious health threat to humans. Mycotoxin production by tea fungi is induced by a variety of factors, including poor processing methods and environmental factors such as high temperature and humidity. This review summarizes the studies published to date on mycotoxin prevalence, toxicity, the effects of climate change on mycotoxin production, and the methods used to detect and decontaminate tea mycotoxins. While many investigations in this domain have been carried out on the prevalence of aflatoxins and ochratoxins in black, green, pu-erh, and herbal teas, much less information is available on zearalenone, fumonisins, and Alternaria toxins. Mycotoxins in teas were detected using several methods; the most commonly used being the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection, followed by HPLC with tandem mass spectrometry, gas chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Further, mycotoxins decontamination methods for teas included physical, chemical, and biological methods, with physical methods being most prevalent. Finally, research gaps and future directions have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Mycology & Microbiology, Tea Research Association, North Bengal Regional R & D Center, Nagrakata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahesh K Samota
- Horticulture Crop Processing Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- Food Science, National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Oeiras, Portugal
- Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
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7
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Hussain A, Jiang W, Wang X, Shahid S, Saba N, Ahmad M, Dar A, Masood SU, Imran M, Mustafa A. Mechanistic Impact of Zinc Deficiency in Human Development. Front Nutr 2022; 9:717064. [PMID: 35356730 PMCID: PMC8959901 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.717064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency in humans is an emerging global health issue affecting approximately two billion people across the globe. The situation prevails due to the intake of Zn deficient grains and vegetables worldwide. Clinical identification of Zn deficiency in humans remains problematic because the symptoms do not appear until impair the vital organs, such as the gastrointestinal track, central nervous system, immune system, skeletal, and nervous system. Lower Zn body levels are also responsible for multiple physiological disorders, such as apoptosis, organs destruction, DNA injuries, and oxidative damage to the cellular components through reactive oxygen species (ROS). The oxidative damage causes chronic inflammation lead toward several chronic diseases, such as heart diseases, cancers, alcohol-related malady, muscular contraction, and neuro-pathogenesis. The present review focused on the physiological and growth-related changes in humans under Zn deficient conditions, mechanisms adopted by the human body under Zn deficiency for the proper functioning of the body systems, and the importance of nutritional and nutraceutical approaches to overcome Zn deficiency in humans and concluded that the biofortified food is the best source of Zn as compared to the chemical supplementation to avoid their negative impacts on human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Hussain
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia Diversity of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Wenting Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Xiukang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Shumaila Shahid
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia Diversity of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Noreena Saba
- Qaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Maqshoof Ahmad
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia Diversity of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abubakar Dar
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia Diversity of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Syed Usama Masood
- Clinical Fellow Pediatric Nephrology, Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Adnan Mustafa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition (FA), Mendel University, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Environmental Studies, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czechia
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8
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Taroncher M, Vila-Donat P, Tolosa J, Ruiz MJ, Rodríguez-Carrasco Y. Biological activity and toxicity of plant nutraceuticals: an overview. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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9
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Heintz MM, Doepker CL, Wikoff DS, Hawks SE. Assessing the food safety risk of ochratoxin A in coffee: A toxicology-based approach to food safety planning. J Food Sci 2021; 86:4799-4810. [PMID: 34642959 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Under the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) and preventive controls (PCs) regulations, food manufacturers must consider whether PCs are needed for potential hazards present in food. The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) is considered a chemical hazard under FSMA. It is produced by several fungal species and can be present in various agricultural commodities, including coffee. OTA presents a unique scenario in food safety, because it is known to be a potential risk; because heating may destroy it, but not completely; and because the hazard profile suggests it is not acutely toxic at the occurrence levels in coffee, although at high exposure levels, it is potentially nephrotoxic and carcinogenic in animal models. In the absence of US compliance levels, it is important for the risk assessor and risk manager to determine whether PCs are warranted. To address this complex situation in the coffee industry, we combined food safety and toxicology risk assessment principles to examine the available information on OTA hazard and risk in coffee. Exposure and health-based benchmarks for OTA in coffee, established by reviewing peer-reviewed literature, food recall databases, and authoritative reviews, resulted in large margins-of-exposure for both single and repeated exposure scenarios. Furthermore, no evidence was identified from historical data to suggest OTA is acutely toxic in humans from coffee consumption or other exposure sources. Therefore, findings from this assessment indicate that no PC is warranted for US coffee manufactures, based on the low severity and likelihood of risk according to margin-of-exposure estimates and historical data.
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Pakshir K, Dehghani A, Nouraei H, Zareshahrabadi Z, Zomorodian K. Evaluation of fungal contamination and ochratoxin A detection in different types of coffee by HPLC-based method. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e24001. [PMID: 34528313 PMCID: PMC8605134 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites that are produced by some toxigenic fungi on foodstuffs which are poisoning and potentiate for human's health hazards. In coffee samples, ochratoxin A and fungal contamination were examined. Methods Immunoaffinity columns were used for treating of all 50 samples from four types of coffee, after that high‐performance liquid chromatography was used for determining the amount of ochratoxin. For the identification of fungi, all coffee samples were cultured in appropriated media. Results The results showed that all samples were contaminated by ochratoxin A but only up to 50% of them had toxins higher than acceptable level as detected in black beans (47%), green beans (33.3%), torch (33.3%), and espresso (25%). Black coffee had a higher mean concentration of ochratoxin A than green coffee. Conclusion Predominant fungi isolated from coffee samples were Aspergillus species. Finally, careful monitoring of mycotoxins in coffee samples is essential to improve the quality of this favorable beverage in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Pakshir
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Andishe Dehghani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hasti Nouraei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Zareshahrabadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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11
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Bosso H, Barbalho SM, de Alvares Goulart R, Otoboni AMMB. Green coffee: economic relevance and a systematic review of the effects on human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:394-410. [PMID: 34236263 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1948817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Coffee is probably the most popular beverage after water and is an important component in diet and health since its consumption is high worldwide. Globally, it is the most relevant food commodity being just behind crude oil. Besides its pleasant flavor, it is an antioxidant source due to polyphenols, which are protective compounds against several diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the economic relevance and perform a systematic review of green coffee's effects on human health. Databases such as MEDLINE-PubMed, EMBASE, COCHRANE, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR were searched, and PRISMA guidelines were followed. Green coffee is considered a novel food product because consumers usually consume only roasted coffee. It can be marketed as such or as an extract. Due to the content of bioactive compounds, which are partially lost during the roasting process, the extracts are usually marketed concerning the potential regarding health effects. Green coffee can be used as dietary supplements, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, as a source of antioxidants. It can benefit human health, such as improvement in blood pressure, plasma lipids, and body weight (thus contributing to the improvement of risk components of Metabolic Syndrome). Moreover, benefits for cognitive functions may also be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Bosso
- Medical school of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation - UNIMAR, Marília, SP, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Marilia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation - UNIMAR, Marília, SP, Brazil
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Ceolin BC, Kemmerich M, Noguera MM, Camargo ER, Avila LAD. Evaluation of an alternative sorbent for passive sampling of the herbicides 2,4-D and Dicamba in the air. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:634-643. [PMID: 34082656 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1929019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the Strata-X® sorbent, commonly used in cartridges, through analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Due to the different physical-chemical characteristics of the compounds, different conditions of chromatography and mass analysis were necessary. The developed methods were validated in terms of selectivity, linear range, linearity (coefficient of determination, r2), the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy (recovery, %), and precision (RSD, %). The results allowed us to select efficient extraction methods, using methanol acidified to pH 2 with formic acid, to elute the herbicides 2,4-D and dicamba in both sorbent materials. Besides, the Strata-X® sorbent was efficient in the sorption of analytes; thus, we indicate it for potential use in air sampling as an alternative to XAD-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magali Kemmerich
- Weed Science Research Group (CEHERB), Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Machado Noguera
- Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, Brazil
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13
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Guan W, You Y, Li J, Hong J, Wu H, Rao Y. Penicillic acid in fruits: method development, validation by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and survey in southern China. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2779-2787. [PMID: 33140404 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penicillic acid (PA) is produced by Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp., which are common postharvest and storage fungi of fruits. PA can be of concern for human health because of its toxicity and high fruit consumption by the population. However, no data on PA occurrence in various fruits have yet been reported. A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) approach for PA determination in various fruits was developed and applied to explore PA incidence in fruits. RESULTS The modified QuEChERS procedure with extraction by ethyl acetate and purification by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), primary secondary amine (PSA) and octadecyl silane (C18) was established to determine PA in various fruits by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The average recoveries were 72.9-102.2% and relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 1.3-7.9%. A total of 161 fruits samples, including kiwi, apple, peach, grape and mandarin/orange, were collected in southern China. The incidence of PA in fruits was 14.9% and the levels of PA contamination were 0.200-0.596 μg kg-1 . Our results suggested that orange/mandarin, grape and kiwi were favorable matrices for Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. to produce PA, rather than peach and apple. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about PA contamination in various fruits in China. Our study emphasizes the necessity of the current established method, which could be used for continuous monitoring of PA and reducing the health risk to Chinese consumers. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbi Guan
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing Avenue, Duanzhou District, Zhaoqing, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Food and Agricultural Product Safety Analysis and Testing, Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yingxin You
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing Avenue, Duanzhou District, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Jialing Li
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing Avenue, Duanzhou District, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Jiaying Hong
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing Avenue, Duanzhou District, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Haiying Wu
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing Avenue, Duanzhou District, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Yanna Rao
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing Avenue, Duanzhou District, Zhaoqing, China
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Ochratoxin A and citrinin in green coffee and dietary supplements with green coffee extract. Toxicon 2020; 188:172-177. [PMID: 33096150 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the degree of mold contamination and mycotoxin levels in commercially available green coffee products and dietary supplements with green coffee extract. The study included 34 samples from green coffee products: raw beans (n = 16), ground coffee (n = 15) and instant coffee (n = 3), as well as 22 samples from dietary supplements in form of capsules (n = 19), tablets (n = 2) and sachets (n = 1). Total mold count was determined with spread-plate method. Anamorphic mold were identified based on their microscopic morphology and the type of sporulation. Concentrations of mycotoxins, ochratoxin A and citrinin, were quantified by means of HPLC-fluorescence detection. Molds, typically Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp., were found in 94% of green coffee beans, 100% of ground and instant coffee samples, and 55% of dietary supplement samples. None of the samples contained detectable levels of citrinin. Ochratoxin A (0.4 ng/g) was detected in only one sample of raw green coffee beans, but in up to 40% and 67% of ground and instant coffee samples, respectively. Mean concentrations of ochratoxin A in ground and instant coffee samples were 3.28 ng/g and 4.09 ng/g, respectively, and maximum concentrations amounted to 6.65 ng/g and 7.44 ng/g, respectively. Ochratoxin A (mean concentration 9.60 ng/g, maximum level 31.4 ng/g) was also detected in up to 58% of the supplement capsules, but in none of tablets and sachets.
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15
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Ratajczak M, Kaminska D, Światły-Błaszkiewicz A, Matysiak J. Quality of Dietary Supplements Containing Plant-Derived Ingredients Reconsidered by Microbiological Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186837. [PMID: 32962120 PMCID: PMC7558626 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dietary supplements cover a wide range of products, the most popular are those containing plant-based ingredients. Supplements are consumed by consumers of all ages as well as by both healthy and sick people. The lack of unified regulation in this sector increases the probability that supplements are poor chemical and microbiological quality and can be dangerous for patients. The aim of this paper is to highlight selected issues associated with the microbiological quality of dietary supplements containing plant materials. We focus on the most recent reports referring to bacterial and fungal contaminations as well as the presence of mycotoxins. Dietary supplements containing plant ingredients commonly show a variety of microbial contaminants, which might be crucial for consumer safety. They often contain microorganisms potentially pathogenic to humans. Metabolites produced by microorganisms may pose a threat to the health of consumers. Because of that, in this review, we emphasize the risk that may be associated with the lack of appropriate studies of the quality of the supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ratajczak
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Dorota Kaminska
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Agata Światły-Błaszkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (A.Ś.-B.); (J.M.)
| | - Jan Matysiak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (A.Ś.-B.); (J.M.)
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Klingel T, Kremer JI, Gottstein V, Rajcic de Rezende T, Schwarz S, Lachenmeier DW. A Review of Coffee By-Products Including Leaf, Flower, Cherry, Husk, Silver Skin, and Spent Grounds as Novel Foods within the European Union. Foods 2020; 9:E665. [PMID: 32455549 PMCID: PMC7278860 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coffee plant Coffea spp. offers much more than the well-known drink made from the roasted coffee bean. During its cultivation and production, a wide variety of by-products are accrued, most of which are currently unused, thermally recycled, or used as animal feed. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of novel coffee products in the food sector and their current legal classification in the European Union (EU). For this purpose, we have reviewed the literature on the composition and safety of coffee flowers, leaves, pulp, husk, parchment, green coffee, silver skin, and spent coffee grounds. Some of these products have a history of consumption in Europe (green coffee), while others have already been used as traditional food in non-EU-member countries (coffee leaves, notification currently pending), or an application for authorization as novel food has already been submitted (husks, flour from spent coffee grounds). For the other products, toxicity and/or safety data appear to be lacking, necessitating further studies to fulfill the requirements of novel food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tizian Klingel
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (T.K.); (J.I.K.); (V.G.); (T.R.d.R.)
| | - Jonathan I. Kremer
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (T.K.); (J.I.K.); (V.G.); (T.R.d.R.)
| | - Vera Gottstein
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (T.K.); (J.I.K.); (V.G.); (T.R.d.R.)
| | - Tabata Rajcic de Rezende
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (T.K.); (J.I.K.); (V.G.); (T.R.d.R.)
| | - Steffen Schwarz
- Coffee Consulate, Hans-Thoma-Strasse 20, 68163 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Dirk W. Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; (T.K.); (J.I.K.); (V.G.); (T.R.d.R.)
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17
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Schrenk D, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Alexander J, Dall'Asta C, Mally A, Metzler M, Binaglia M, Horváth Z, Steinkellner H, Bignami M. Risk assessment of ochratoxin A in food. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06113. [PMID: 37649524 PMCID: PMC10464718 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update their 2006 opinion on ochratoxin A (OTA) in food. OTA is produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus and Penicillium and found as a contaminant in various foods. OTA causes kidney toxicity in different animal species and kidney tumours in rodents. OTA is genotoxic both in vitro and in vivo; however, the mechanisms of genotoxicity are unclear. Direct and indirect genotoxic and non-genotoxic modes of action might each contribute to tumour formation. Since recent studies have raised uncertainty regarding the mode of action for kidney carcinogenicity, it is inappropriate to establish a health-based guidance value (HBGV) and a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied. For the characterisation of non-neoplastic effects, a BMDL 10 of 4.73 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day was calculated from kidney lesions observed in pigs. For characterisation of neoplastic effects, a BMDL 10 of 14.5 μg/kg bw per day was calculated from kidney tumours seen in rats. The estimation of chronic dietary exposure resulted in mean and 95th percentile levels ranging from 0.6 to 17.8 and from 2.4 to 51.7 ng/kg bw per day, respectively. Median OTA exposures in breastfed infants ranged from 1.7 to 2.6 ng/kg bw per day, 95th percentile exposures from 5.6 to 8.5 ng/kg bw per day in average/high breast milk consuming infants, respectively. Comparison of exposures with the BMDL 10 based on the non-neoplastic endpoint resulted in MOEs of more than 200 in most consumer groups, indicating a low health concern with the exception of MOEs for high consumers in the younger age groups, indicating a possible health concern. When compared with the BMDL 10 based on the neoplastic endpoint, MOEs were lower than 10,000 for almost all exposure scenarios, including breastfed infants. This would indicate a possible health concern if genotoxicity is direct. Uncertainty in this assessment is high and risk may be overestimated.
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18
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Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Multi-Residue Analysis of Mycotoxins and Pesticides in Botanical Nutraceuticals. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020114. [PMID: 32059484 PMCID: PMC7076805 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) food supplements made of Cannabis sativa L. extracts have quickly become popular products due to their health-promoting effects. However, potential contaminants, such as mycotoxins and pesticides, can be coextracted during the manufacturing process and placed into the final product. Accordingly, a novel methodology using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was developed to quantify 16 mycotoxins produced by major C. sativa fungi, followed by a post-target screening of 283 pesticides based on a comprehensive spectral library. The validated procedure was applied to ten CBD-based products. Up to six different Fusarium mycotoxins were found in seven samples, the most prevalent being zearalenone (60%) and enniatin B1 (30%), both found at a maximum level of 11.6 ng/g. Co-occurrence was observed in four samples, including one with enniatin B1, enniatin A and enniatin A1. On the other hand, 46 different pesticides were detected after retrospective analysis. Ethoxyquin (50%), piperonyl butoxide (40%), simazine (30%) and cyanazine (30%) were the major residues found. These results highlight the necessity of monitoring contaminants in food supplements in order to ensure a safe consumption, even more considering the increase trend in their use. Furthermore, the developed procedure is proposed as a powerful analytical tool to evaluate the potential mycotoxin profile of these particular products.
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19
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Jonatova P, Dzuman Z, Prusova N, Hajslova J, Stranska-Zachariasova M. Occurrence of ochratoxin A and its stereoisomeric degradation product in various types of coffee available in the Czech market. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2019.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) belongs among the most frequently occurring mycotoxins in coffee. In order to investigate its contamination levels in products currently available in the market, a broad set of coffee samples (103 in total) collected between 2016 and 2018 in the Czech Republic was investigated. Aqueous-methanolic extracts purified by using immunoaffinity columns were analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (U-HPLC-MS/MS). The undertaken study revealed a relatively low OTA contamination of roasted coffee (in the range 0.2-2.5 μg/kg with the mean concentration of 0.6 μg/kg, and 71% of positive samples). The roasted coffee samples did not exceed the maximum limit of 5 μg/kg set by 1881/2006/EC. With regard to instant coffee samples, OTA concentrations were considerably higher. All the samples were positive, with a mean concentration of 2.9 μg/kg (ranging from 0.6 to 12.8 μg/kg, with 100% of positive samples). One of the analysed samples of instant coffee even exceeded the maximum limit of 10 μg/kg (1881/2006/EC). The study further revealed a relatively high incidence of 14-(R)-OTA, stereoisomer of OTA (14-(S)-OTA), originating as its main degradation product. Its identity was confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS). Most of the samples positive for OTA were also positive for this diastereoisomer, with signal intensities of approx. one-third to one half of the signal of 14-(S)-OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Jonatova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z. Dzuman
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - N. Prusova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Hajslova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
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20
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Rocha-Miranda F, Venâncio A. Mycotoxigenic fungi in plant-based supplements and medicines. Curr Opin Food Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Costa JG, Vidovic B, Saraiva N, do Céu Costa M, Del Favero G, Marko D, Oliveira NG, Fernandes AS. Contaminants: a dark side of food supplements? Free Radic Res 2019; 53:1113-1135. [PMID: 31500469 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1636045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Food supplements (FS) are often consumed as one of the strategies to fight ageing-associated pathologies, especially in the case of oxidative stress-related diseases. Despite the popularity of FS, some concerns about their quality and safety have been raised, especially regarding the presence of contaminants. This paper reviews and discusses the occurrence of contaminants in marketed samples of FS in the last two decades, considering both scientific literature and notifications registered on RASFF portal. The most relevant classes of contaminants were included namely metals, toxins, pesticides, dioxins and PCBs, as well as pharmacologically active ingredients. Variable amounts of contaminants were reported in a significant number of commercially available FS. Although the presence of contaminants does not necessarily mean that their levels exceed the regulatory limits or that the FS intake constitutes a risk to human health, it alerts for the need to further monitor FS safety. The evaluation of the risk associated to the consumption of FS, especially in the elderly population, is particularly challenging due to the frequent exposure to multiple toxicants and to different exposure sources, as well as due to possible pre-existing diseases and respective therapeutics. Therefore, improved quality control procedures and monitoring programs should be pursued in order to avoid undesirable products and assure the safety of FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Guilherme Costa
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bojana Vidovic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nuno Saraiva
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria do Céu Costa
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal.,ASAE/ONRE, National Observatory for Emerging Risks, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno G Oliveira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Fernandes
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal.,ASAE/ONRE, National Observatory for Emerging Risks, Lisboa, Portugal
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22
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Khaneghah AM, Fakhri Y, Abdi L, Coppa CFSC, Franco LT, de Oliveira CAF. The concentration and prevalence of ochratoxin A in coffee and coffee-based products: A global systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Fungal Biol 2019; 123:611-617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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23
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Hubbard TD, Hsieh JH, Rider CV, Sipes NS, Sedykh A, Collins BJ, Auerbach SS, Xia M, Huang R, Walker NJ, DeVito MJ. Using Tox21 High-Throughput Screening Assays for the Evaluation of Botanical and Dietary Supplements. APPLIED IN VITRO TOXICOLOGY 2019; 5:10-25. [PMID: 30944845 PMCID: PMC6442399 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2018.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Recent nationwide surveys found that natural products, including botanical dietary supplements, are used by ∼18% of adults. In many cases, there is a paucity of toxicological data available for these substances to allow for confident evaluations of product safety. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) has received numerous nominations from the public and federal agencies to study the toxicological effects of botanical dietary supplements. The NTP sought to evaluate the utility of in vitro quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) assays for toxicological assessment of botanical and dietary supplements. Materials and Methods: In brief, concentration-response assessments of 90 test substances, including 13 distinct botanical species, and individual purported active constituents were evaluated using a subset of the Tox21 qHTS testing panel. The screen included 20 different endpoints that covered a broad range of biologically relevant signaling pathways to detect test article effects upon endocrine activity, nuclear receptor signaling, stress response signaling, genotoxicity, and cell death signaling. Results and Discussion: Botanical dietary supplement extracts induced measurable and diverse activity. Elevated biological activity profiles were observed following treatments with individual chemical constituents relative to their associated botanical extract. The overall distribution of activity was comparable to activities exhibited by compounds present in the Tox21 10K chemical library. Conclusion: Botanical supplements did not exhibit minimal or idiosyncratic activities that would preclude the use of qHTS platforms as a feasible method to screen this class of compounds. However, there are still many considerations and further development required when attempting to use in vitro qHTS methods to characterize the safety profile of botanical/dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy D. Hubbard
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - Cynthia V. Rider
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Nisha S. Sipes
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - Bradley J. Collins
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Scott S. Auerbach
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Nigel J. Walker
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Michael J. DeVito
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Reinholds I, Pugajeva I, Bogdanova E, Jaunbergs J, Bartkevics V. Recent applications of carbonaceous nanosorbents for the analysis of mycotoxins in food by liquid chromatography: a short review. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2018.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbonaceous nanomaterials (multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene, and graphene oxide (GO)) have attracted attention over the last decade as adsorbents suitable for the analysis of organic and inorganic pollutants. In the present paper we review methods of mycotoxin analysis that involve sample extraction with carbonaceous nanosorbents, reported from 2011 onwards. Recent studies have highlighted the advantages of magnetically modified MWCNTs and GO in mycotoxin analysis, which may enable sample isolation through magnetic separation, reduce the interaction of nanoparticles, and enhance the recovery of analytes. The papers covered in this review point to promising applications of functionalised carbonaceous nanosorbents in mycotoxin analysis. While GO based sorbents can be effective for the adsorption of relatively polar aflatoxins, MWCNTs with high specific surface area and reduced agglomeration achieved through modification with silica and magnetic particles are preferred for the extraction of less polar mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Reinholds
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment ‘BIOR’, Lejupes iela 3, Riga 1076, Latvia
| | - I. Pugajeva
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment ‘BIOR’, Lejupes iela 3, Riga 1076, Latvia
| | - E. Bogdanova
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment ‘BIOR’, Lejupes iela 3, Riga 1076, Latvia
| | - J. Jaunbergs
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment ‘BIOR’, Lejupes iela 3, Riga 1076, Latvia
| | - V. Bartkevics
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment ‘BIOR’, Lejupes iela 3, Riga 1076, Latvia
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga 1004, Latvia
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Fibigr J, Šatínský D, Solich P. Current trends in the analysis and quality control of food supplements based on plant extracts. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1036:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
This review is mainly centered on beverages obtained from tropical crops, including tea, nut milk, coffee, cocoa, and those prepared from fruits. After considering the epidemiological data found on the matrices above, the focus was given to recent methodological approaches to assess the most relevant mycotoxins. Aspects such as singularities among the mycotoxin and the beverage in which their were found, and the economic effects and repercussions that the mycotoxin-tainted ingredients have on the beverage industry were pointed out. Finally, the burden of their consumption through beverages, including risk and health effects on humans, was addressed as well.
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Reichert B, de Kok A, Pizzutti IR, Scholten J, Cardoso CD, Spanjer M. Simultaneous determination of 117 pesticides and 30 mycotoxins in raw coffee, without clean-up, by LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1004:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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29
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Exploring pralidoxime chloride as a universal electrochemical probe for organophosphorus pesticides detection. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 982:78-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Pesticide analysis in coffee leaves using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe approach and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry: Optimization of the clean-up step. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1512:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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UHPLC-PDA-ESI-TOF/MS metabolic profiling and antioxidant capacity of arabica and robusta coffee silverskin: Antioxidants vs phytotoxins. Food Res Int 2017; 99:155-165. [PMID: 28784472 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A deeper knowledge of the chemical composition of coffee silverskin (CS) is needed due to the growing interest in its use as a food additive or an ingredient of dietary supplements. Accordingly, the aim of this paper was to investigate the metabolic profile of aqueous extracts of two varieties of CS, Coffee arabica (CS-A), Coffee canephora var. robusta (CS-R) and of a blend of the two (CS-b) and to compare it to the profile of Coffee arabica green coffee (GC). Chlorogenic acids, caffeine, furokauranes, and atractyligenins, phytotoxins not previously detected in CS, were either identified or tentatively assigned. An unknown compound, presumably a carboxyatractyligenin glycoside was detected only in GC. Caffeine and chlorogenic acids were quantified while the content of furokauranes and atractyligens was estimated. GC and CS were also characterized in terms of total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity. Differences in the metabolites distribution, polyphenols and antioxidant capacity in GC and CS were detailed.
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Shan Y, Jin X, Cheng Y, Yan W. Simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acids in green coffee bean extracts with effective relative response factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1230746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Skyherb Ingredients, Anji, China
| | | | - Weidong Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Piemontese L. Plant Food Supplements with Antioxidant Properties for the Treatment of Chronic and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Benefits or Risks? J Diet Suppl 2016; 14:478-484. [PMID: 27893282 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2016.1247936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Wine by-products, in particular grape pomace, can be an important source of polyphenols and dietary fibers and are increasingly being used as a starting material in the industrial production of plant food supplements, such as other matrices containing biomolecules, with antioxidant properties. The risk associated with the consumption of these products was recently analyzed through a study of potential genotoxic and carcinogenic compounds that can be found in the marketed products. In particular, occurrence data about contamination with the mycotoxin ochratoxin A were also reported. This short review aims at giving an overview about the quality and benefits of these kinds of food supplements, and also about risks of incorrect use, focusing on the emerging need for stricter European regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Piemontese
- a Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy.,b Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISPA-CNR) , Bari , Italy
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Domingos Alves R, Romero-González R, López-Ruiz R, Jiménez-Medina ML, Garrido Frenich A. Fast determination of four polar contaminants in soy nutraceutical products by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8089-8098. [PMID: 27595581 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method based on a modified QuPPe (quick polar pesticide) extraction procedure coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was evaluated for the determination of four polar compounds (chlorate, fosetyl-Al, maleic hydrazide, and perchlorate) in nutraceutical products obtained from soy. Experimental conditions including extraction such as solvent, acidification, time, and clean-up sorbents were varied. Acidified acetonitrile (1 % formic acid, v/v) was used as extraction solvent instead of methanol (conventional QuPPe), which provides a doughy mixture which cannot be injected into the LC. Clean-up or derivatization steps were avoided. For analysis, several stationary phases were evaluated and Hypercarb (porous graphitic carbon) provided the best results. The optimized method was validated and recoveries ranged between 46 and 119 %, and correction factors can be used for quantification purposes bearing in mind that inter-day precision was equal to or lower than 17 %. Limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 4 to 100 μg kg-1. Soy-based nutraceutical products were analyzed and chlorate was detected in five samples at concentrations between 63 and 1642 μg kg-1. Graphical Abstract Analysis of polar compounds in soy-based nutraceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Domingos Alves
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Rosalía López-Ruiz
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - M L Jiménez-Medina
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain.
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Job KM, Kiang TKL, Constance JE, Sherwin CMT, Enioutina EY. Herbal medicines: challenges in the modern world. Part 4. Canada and United States. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2016; 9:1597-1609. [PMID: 27644147 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2016.1238762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Similar to other nations North American people used herbs for thousands of years to treat diseases and purify their spirits. By the middle of the 1900s, evidence-based conventional medicine received wide acceptance in Canada and the United States (US). Nowadays, people are going back to their roots and actively using herbal medicines (HMs) and natural health products (NHPs). Areas covered: This article is focusing on use and regulation of the HMs and NHPs in Canada and the US, raises concerns regarding HM and NHP safety and efficacy, offers suggestions on how to overcome these problems. Materials available from legislative and governmental websites, PubMed and news media were used. Expert commentary: Use of HMs, especially dietary supplements is widespread among adults in Canada and US. HMs and NHPs are regulated in both countries, but minimum criteria for product approval and post-market surveillance have been set. Concerns of quality, contamination, adulteration, and efficacy in are of central importance in the discussion of HMs and NHPs. Detailed product description and research are of vital importance to ensure safety and efficacy of these products. Additionally, 'herbal' education of healthcare providers and patients is needed to guarantee further successful integration of HM and conventional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Job
- a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Tony K L Kiang
- b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada.,c Department of Pharmacy , Vancouver General Hospital , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Jonathan E Constance
- a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,d Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Catherine M T Sherwin
- a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,d Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Elena Yu Enioutina
- a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics , University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,e Division of Microbiology and Immunology, the Department of Pathology , University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
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A nano-silver enzyme electrode for organophosphorus pesticide detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:5819-5827. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fujii S, Morinaga O, Uto T, Nomura S, Shoyama Y. Development of Double Eastern Blotting for Major Licorice Components, Glycyrrhizin and Liquiritin for Chemical Quality Control of Licorice Using anti-Glycyrrhizin and anti-Liquiritin Monoclonal Antibodies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1087-1093. [PMID: 26765784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Licorice is utilized in various food industries around the world for seasoning agents, confectioneries, drinks, and functional foods. Glycyrrhizin (GL) and liquiritin (Liq) are major quality control chemical markers of licorice that have multifunctional bioactivities. Chemical quality control of licorice is important because its component profiles change depending environmental factors (climate, soil condition, and water deficit) and differences between species. Double eastern blotting using anti-GL and anti-Liq monoclonal antibodies was developed for more convenient, rapid, and specific quality control analysis of GL and Liq, respectively. Moreover, double eastern blotting was applied to investigate the immunohistochemical distributions of GL and Liq in the root of fresh licorice; the localization of both components was then clarified visually. This double eastern blotting technique for GL and Liq may serve as a powerful approach for visually determining the chemical quality of licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Fujii
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, 859-3298 Japan
| | - Osamu Morinaga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, 859-3298 Japan
| | - Takuhiro Uto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, 859-3298 Japan
| | - Shuichi Nomura
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, 859-3298 Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, 859-3298 Japan
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Martínez-Domínguez G, Romero-González R, Arrebola FJ, Garrido Frenich A. Multi-class determination of pesticides and mycotoxins in isoflavones supplements obtained from soy by liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Analytical techniques combined with chemometrics for authentication and determination of contaminants in condiments: A review. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Martínez-Domínguez G, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A. Multi-class methodology to determine pesticides and mycotoxins in green tea and royal jelly supplements by liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2015; 197:907-15. [PMID: 26617033 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A multi-class methodology was developed to determine pesticides and mycotoxins in food supplements. The extraction was performed using acetonitrile acidified with formic acid (1%, v/v). Different clean-up sorbents were tested, and the best results were obtained using C18 and zirconium oxide for green tea and royal jelly, respectively. The compounds were determined using ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to Exactive-Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The recovery rates obtained were between 70% and 120% for most of the compounds studied with a relative standard deviation <25%, at three different concentration levels. The calculated limits of quantification (LOQ) were <10 μg/kg. The method was applied to green tea (10) and royal jelly (8) samples. Nine (eight of green tea and one of royal jelly) samples were found to be positive for pesticides at concentrations ranging from 10.6 (cinosulfuron) to 47.9 μg/kg (paclobutrazol). The aflatoxin B1 (5.4 μg/kg) was also found in one of the green tea samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Martínez-Domínguez
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E-04120 Almería, Spain.
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41
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Dietrich R, Märtlbauer E. Development and application of monoclonal antibodies against the mycotoxin mycophenolic acid. Mycotoxin Res 2015; 31:185-90. [PMID: 26382857 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-015-0229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is frequently found, often in high concentrations, in a broad range of food and feed matrices. Apart from the well-known contamination of blue-veined cheeses caused by the use of toxinogenic Penicillium roqueforti strains for manufacturing, a broad range of other Penicillium spp. is able to produce this immunosuppressive toxin. Therefore, MPA has been proposed to be a suitable marker for Penicillium-infected food commodities. In the present work, a high-affinity monoclonal antibody (mAb) for the specific detection of MPA was developed by immunizing mice with a MPA-protein conjugate coupled by an activated ester method. Under the conditions of a direct competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA), 50% inhibition and detection limits of MPA standard curves were 1.2 and 0.3 ng/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the mAb could be successfully employed for the production of an immunoaffinity (IA) column enabling the efficient enrichment of MPA from processed foodstuffs. By combining the IA clean-up with a polyclonal antibody-based EIA, an ultrasensitive analysis method could be established which allowed the reliable and reproducible detection of MPA in artificially contaminated tomato ketchup as a model matrix at concentrations as low as 0.1 ng/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Dietrich
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Schönleutnerstraße 8, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - Erwin Märtlbauer
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Schönleutnerstraße 8, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
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Veprikova Z, Zachariasova M, Dzuman Z, Zachariasova A, Fenclova M, Slavikova P, Vaclavikova M, Mastovska K, Hengst D, Hajslova J. Mycotoxins in Plant-Based Dietary Supplements: Hidden Health Risk for Consumers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6633-6643. [PMID: 26168136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination of dietary supplements represents a possible risk for human health, especially in the case of products intended for people suffering from certain health conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of this problem based on analyses of a wide set of herbal-based dietary supplements intended for various purposes: (i) treatment of liver diseases (milk thistle); (ii) reduction of menopause effects (red clover, flax seed, and soy); and (iii) preparations for general health support (green barley, nettle, goji berries, yucca, etc.) The analytical method including 57 mycotoxins was based on a QuEChERS-like (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) approach and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The main mycotoxins determined were Fusarium trichothecenes, zearalenone and enniatins, and Alternaria mycotoxins. Co-occurrence of enniatins, HT-2/T-2 toxins, and Alternaria toxins was observed in many cases. The highest mycotoxin concentrations were found in milk thistle-based supplements (up to 37 mg/kg in the sum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenka Veprikova
- †Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Zachariasova
- †Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Dzuman
- †Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Zachariasova
- †Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Fenclova
- †Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Slavikova
- †Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Vaclavikova
- †Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Mastovska
- ‡Covance Laboratories, Nutritional Chemistry and Food Safety, 3301 Kinsman Blvd., Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Daniel Hengst
- ‡Covance Laboratories, Nutritional Chemistry and Food Safety, 3301 Kinsman Blvd., Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Jana Hajslova
- †Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Senyuva HZ, Gökmen V, Sarikaya EA. Future perspectives in Orbitrap™-high-resolution mass spectrometry in food analysis: a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:1568-606. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1057240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Del Mar Gómez-Ramos M, Rajski Ł, Heinzen H, Fernández-Alba AR. Liquid chromatography Orbitrap mass spectrometry with simultaneous full scan and tandem MS/MS for highly selective pesticide residue analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:6317-26. [PMID: 25943259 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the application of LC/Q-Orbitrap MS for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetable commodities. LC/Q-Orbitrap MS working in full scan simultaneously with a single MS/MS scan was used to analyse 139 pesticide residues in QuEChERS extracts of tomato, pepper, orange and green tea. Full scan data were obtained at a resolution of 70,000 whereas MS/MS data were obtained at a resolution of 17,500. Quantitation and detection was carried out using full scan data while MS/MS data were used only for identification. MS/MS scans did not have a negative influence on quantitation under the applied conditions. Some peak area reproducibility problems were the consequence of the low sensitivity for some compounds (aldicarb, chlorpyriphos methyl, fenitrothion and fipronil) under the applied conditions. The relation between the operational parameters (viz. automatic gain control (AGC) target, maximum injection time (IT), underfill ratio, isolation window and apex trigger) and the number of automatically identified compounds was investigated. Mass error and minimal intensity of selected fragment ions were also studied. Various working modes were compared, such as full scan with single MS/MS scan and full scan with multiple MS/MS scans. In both cases, the number of automatically reported pesticides was the same. However full scan with single MS/MS scan ensured more points per peak in full scan mode and better peak area reproducibility. The evaluation of the identification and quantitation capabilities of the instrument was performed through the analysis of 100 real samples. The samples were also analysed by LC-QqQ MS/MS and the results of both analytical systems were compared. The comparison revealed that the two instruments were consistent with each other. They found the same pesticides and neither false positive nor false negatives were reported. Nevertheless the Q-Orbitrap MS allowed one to work in high resolution mass spectrometry, increasing the selectivity and, in full scan mode, permitting the retrospective analysis of the data feature that cannot be achieved with QqQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Mar Gómez-Ramos
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3) Department of Hydrogeology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento S/N°, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
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Solfrizzo M, Piemontese L, Gambacorta L, Zivoli R, Longobardi F. Food coloring agents and plant food supplements derived from Vitis vinifera: a new source of human exposure to ochratoxin A. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3609-3614. [PMID: 25768038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Grape pomaces are increasingly being used as starting material in the industrial production of plant food supplements (PFS), food coloring, and tartrates, but they are at risk of ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination, a mycotoxin with nephrotoxic and carcinogenic effects. We analyzed 24 commercial PFS and 13 food coloring samples derived from Vitis vinifera, mainly pomaces, using a HPLC-FLD method for OTA determination. OTA was found in 75% of PFS samples and 69% of food coloring samples at levels of <1.16-20.23 μg/kg and <1.16-32.00 μg/kg, respectively. The four commercial leavening agents containing tartrates were found to be negative for OTA. All eight samples collected in two distilleries that use grape pomaces and wine lees to produce tartrates and other byproducts contained OTA at levels of <1.16-240.93 μg/kg. The high incidence of OTA contamination in PFS and food coloring agents derived from V. vinifera suggests that maximum permitted level(s) should be established for this mycotoxin in these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Solfrizzo
- †National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Piemontese
- †National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Gambacorta
- †National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Zivoli
- †National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Longobardi
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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46
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Martínez-Domínguez G, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A. Determination of toxic substances, pesticides and mycotoxins, in ginkgo biloba nutraceutical products by liquid chromatography Orbitrap-mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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47
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Frenich AG, Romero-González R, del Mar Aguilera-Luiz M. Comprehensive analysis of toxics (pesticides, veterinary drugs and mycotoxins) in food by UHPLC-MS. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Mass spectrometric analysis of pharmaceutical adulterants in products labeled as botanical dietary supplements or herbal remedies: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:6767-90. [PMID: 25270866 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The increased availability and use of botanical dietary supplements and herbal remedies among consumers has been accompanied by an increased frequency of adulteration of these products with synthetic pharmaceuticals. Unscrupulous producers may add drugs and analogues of various classes, such as phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors, weight loss, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory agents, or anabolic steroids, to develop or intensify biological effects of dietary supplements or herbal remedies. The presence of such adulterated products in the marketplace is a worldwide problem and their consumption poses health risks to consumers. Analytical methods that allow rapid and reliable testing of dietary supplements for the presence of synthetic drugs are needed to address such fraudulent practices. Mass spectrometry (MS) and hyphenated techniques such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) have become primary tools in this endeavor. The present review critically assesses the role and summarizes the applications of MS in the analysis of pharmaceutical adulterants in botanical dietary supplements and herbal remedies. The uses of MS techniques in detection, confirmation, and quantification of known pharmaceutical adulterants as well as in screening for and structure elucidation of unexpected adulterants and novel designer drugs are discussed.
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Lang R, Fromme T, Beusch A, Lang T, Klingenspor M, Hofmann T. Raw coffee based dietary supplements contain carboxyatractyligenin derivatives inhibiting mitochondrial adenine-nucleotide-translocase. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 70:198-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Nieto-García AJ, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A. Determination of multi-class pesticide residue in dietary supplements from grape seed extracts by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:1550-61. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.935489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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