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Wang L, Sun K, Pan S, Wang S, Yan Z, Zhu L, Yang X. Exogenous microbial antagonism affects the bioaugmentation of humus formation under different inoculation using Trichoderma reesei and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 373:128717. [PMID: 36773812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at exploring the effect of antagonism of Trichoderma reesei (T.r) and Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P.c) on humification during fermentation of rice (RS) and canola straw (CS). Results showed that exogeneous fungi accelerated straw degradation and enzyme activities of CMCase, xylanase and LiP. P.c inhibited the activity of LiP when co-existing with T.r beginning, it promoted the degradation of lignin and further increased the production of humus-like substances (HLS) and humic-like acid (HLA) in later fermentation when nutrients were insufficient. The HLS of RTP was 54.9 g/kg RS, higher than the other treatments, and displayed more complex structure and higher thermostability. Brucella and Bacillus were the main HLA bacterial producers. P.c was the HLA fungal producer, while T.r assisted FLA and polyphenol transformation. Therefore, RTP was recommended to advance technologies converting crop straw into humus resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui University 230601, China.
| | - Kai Sun
- School of Life Science, Anhui University 230601, China
| | - Shuai Pan
- School of Life Science, Anhui University 230601, China
| | - Shunli Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhongkang Yan
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University 230601, China
| | - Lianlian Zhu
- School of Life Science, Anhui University 230601, China
| | - Xingyuan Yang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University 230601, China
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Cui T, Yuan B, Guo H, Tian H, Wang W, Ma Y, Li C, Fei Q. Enhanced lignin biodegradation by consortium of white rot fungi: microbial synergistic effects and product mapping. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:162. [PMID: 34301305 PMCID: PMC8299586 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the major components of lignocellulosic biomass, lignin has been considered as the most abundant renewable aromatic feedstock in the world. Comparing with thermal or catalytic strategies for lignin degradation, biological conversion is a promising approach featuring with mild conditions and diversity, and has received great attention nowadays. RESULTS In this study, a consortium of white rot fungi composed of Lenzites betulina and Trametes versicolor was employed to enhance the ligninolytic enzyme activity of laccase (Lac) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) under microbial synergism. The maximum enzymatic activity of Lac and MnP was individually 18.06 U mL-1 and 13.58 U mL-1 along with a lignin degradation rate of 50% (wt/wt), which were achieved from batch cultivation of the consortium. The activities of Lac and MnP obtained from the consortium were both improved more than 40%, as compared with monocultures of L. betulina or T. versicolor under the same culture condition. The enhanced biodegradation performance was in accordance with the results observed from scanning electron microscope (SEM) of lignin samples before and after biodegradation, and secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Finally, the analysis of heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) provided a comprehensive product mapping of the lignin biodegradation, suggesting that the lignin has undergone depolymerization of the macromolecules, side-chain cleavage, and aromatic ring-opening reactions. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed a considerable escalation on the enzymatic activity obtained in a short period from the cultivation of the L. betulina or T. versicolor due to the enhanced microbial synergistic effects, providing a potential bioconversion route for lignin utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangwu Cui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Bo Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Haiwei Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology On Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, 215 Chemistry Bldg., University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Weimin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Yingqun Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Changzhi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology On Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 People’s Republic of China
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Sperandio GB, Filho EXF. An overview of Trichoderma reesei co-cultures for the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3019-3025. [PMID: 33825000 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Biorefineries are core facilities for implementing a sustainable circular bioeconomy. These facilities rely on microbial enzymes to hydrolyze lignocellulosic substrates into fermentable sugars. Fungal co-cultures mimic the process of natural biodegradation and have been shown to increase certain enzyme activities. Trichoderma reesei and its many mutant strains are major cellulase producers and are heavily utilized as a source of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Several reports have demonstrated that T. reesei co-cultures present higher enzyme activities compared with its monocultures, especially in the context of β-glucosidase activity. The performance of T. reesei during co-culturing has been assessed with several fungal partners, including Aspergillus niger, one of the most recurrent partners. Various aspects of co-cultivation still need further investigation, especially regarding the molecular interactions between fungi in controlled environments and the optimization of the resulting enzyme cocktails. Since plenty of genetic and physiological data on T. reesei is available, the species is an outstanding candidate for future co-culture investigations. Co-cultures are still a developing field for industrial enzyme production, and many aspects of the technique need further improvement before real applications. KEY POINTS: • T. reesei co-cultures are an alternative for producing lignocellulolytic enzymes. • Several reports suggest an increase in certain enzyme activities in co-cultures. • More in-depth investigations of co-cultures are necessary for advancing this field.
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Chen C, Wang Z, Zhao M, Yuan B, Yao J, Chen J, Hrynshpan D, Savitskaya T. A fungus-bacterium co-culture synergistically promoted nitrogen removal by enhancing enzyme activity and electron transfer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142109. [PMID: 32898784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Penicillium citrinum WXP-2 and the bacterium Citrobacter freundii WXP-9 were isolated and found to have poor denitrification performance. Surprisingly, co-culture of the two strains which formed fungus-bacterium pellets (FBPs) promoted the removal efficiency of nitrate (NO3--N; 95.78%) and total nitrogen (TN; 81.73%). Nitrogen balance analysis showed that excess degraded NO3--N was primarily converted to N2 (77.53%). Moreover, co-culture increased the dry weight to 0.74 g/L. The diameter of pellets and cell viability also increased by 1.49 and 1.78 times, respectively, indicating that the co-culture exerted a synergistic effect to promote growth. The increase in electron-transmission system activity [99.01 mg iodonitrotetrazolium formazan/(g·L)] and nitrate reductase activity [8.65 mg N/(min·mg protein)] were responsible for denitrification promotion. The FBPs also exhibited the highest degradation rate at 2:1 inoculation ratio and 36 h delayed inoculation of strain WXP-9. Finally, recycling experiments of FBP demonstrated that the high steady TN removal rate could be maintained for five cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- College of Environmental, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Min Zhao
- College of Environmental, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Bohan Yuan
- College of Environmental, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Jiachao Yao
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China.
| | - Dzmitry Hrynshpan
- Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk 220030, Belarus
| | - Tatsiana Savitskaya
- Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk 220030, Belarus
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Paramjeet S, Manasa P, Korrapati N. Biofuels: Production of fungal-mediated ligninolytic enzymes and the modes of bioprocesses utilizing agro-based residues. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Coconi Linares N, Fernández F, Loske A, Gómez-Lim M. Enhanced Delignification of Lignocellulosic Biomass by Recombinant Fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium Overexpressing Laccases and Peroxidases. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 28:1-13. [DOI: 10.1159/000485976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligninolytic enzyme production and lignin degradation are typically the rate-limiting steps in the biofuel industry. To improve the efficiency of simultaneous bio-delignification and enzyme production, <i>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</i> was transformed by shock wave-induced acoustic cavitation to co-overexpress 3 peroxidases and 1 laccase and test it on the degradation of sugarcane bagasse and wheat bran. Lignin depolymerization was enhanced by up to 25% in the presence of recombinant fungi in comparison with the wild-type strain. Sugar release on lignocellulose was 2- to 6-fold higher by recombinant fungi as compared with the control. Wheat bran ostensibly stimulated the production of ligninolytic enzymes. The highest peroxidase activity from the recombinant strains was 2.6-fold higher, whereas the increase in laccase activity was 4-fold higher in comparison to the control. The improvement of lignin degradation was directly proportional to the highest peroxidase and laccase activity. Because various phenolic compounds released during lignocellulose degradation have proven to be toxic to cells and to inhibit enzyme activity, a significant reduction (over 40%) of the total phenolic content in the samples treated with recombinant strains was observed. To our knowledge, this is the first report that engineering <i>P. chrysosporium</i> enhances<i></i> biodegradation of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Producing bioethanol from pretreated-wood dust by simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation process. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Metreveli E, Kachlishvili E, Singer SW, Elisashvili V. Alteration of white-rot basidiomycetes cellulase and xylanase activities in the submerged co-cultivation and optimization of enzyme production by Irpex lacteus and Schizophyllum commune. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 241:652-660. [PMID: 28609753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mono and dual cultures of four white-rot basidiomycete species were evaluated for cellulase and xylanase activity under submerged fermentation conditions. Co-cultivation of Pycnoporus coccineus or Trametes hirsuta with Schizophyllum commune displayed antagonistic interactions resulting in the decrease of endoglucanase and total cellulase activities. In contrast, increases in cellulase and xylanase activity were revealed through the compatible interactions of Irpex lacteus with S. commune. Co-cultivation conditions were optimized for maximum enzyme production by I. lacteus and S. commune, the best producers of cellulase/xylanase and β-glucosidase, respectively. An optimized medium for the target enzyme production by the mixed culture was established in a laboratory fermenter yielding 7U/mL total cellulase, 142U/mL endoglucanase, 104U/mL xylanase, and 5.2U/mL β-glucosidase. The dual culture approach resulted in an enzymatic mixture with 11% improved lignocellulose saccharification potential compared to enzymes from a monoculture of I. lacteus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eka Metreveli
- Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 David Agmashenebeli alley, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Eva Kachlishvili
- Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 David Agmashenebeli alley, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Steven W Singer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Vladimir Elisashvili
- Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 David Agmashenebeli alley, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia.
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Yang R, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Sheng J, Meng D. Microelectric Current Treatment Enhanced Biodegradation of Pumpkin Lignocelluloses by Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4668-4675. [PMID: 28537388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A homemade microcurrent reactor was used to treat the fermentation of Trichoderma reesei. Results indicated that the yield of saccharides for T. reesei RUT-C30 cultivated in pumpkin lignocellulose broth reaches 38.86% (w/w) when a microcurrent treatment (20 mA, at the 48th hour for 60 min) was carried out, which is significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, activities of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, xylanase, and pectinase were significantly increased in days 3-7. Furthermore, the fungal growth was facilitated by microelectric treatment, showing a 0.57-fold increase of spore numbers at the sixth day of cultivation. Besides, the monosaccharide composition, including glucose (1.03 mg/mL), xylose (0.12 mg/mL), arabinose (0.31 mg/mL), and fructose (0.13 mg/mL), extracted from the reactor was higher than that without the current treatment. In this work, we improved the biodegradation of lignocellulosic wastes by applying a microcurrent to lignocellulose-degrading fungal cultures and provided a new idea for the lignocellulose material pretreatment and bioconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Food Safety & Low Carbon Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center , Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongkai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Food Safety & Low Carbon Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center , Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiping Sheng
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Demei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
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Co-Cultivation of Penicillium sp. AKB-24 and Aspergillus nidulans AKB-25 as a Cost-Effective Method to Produce Cellulases for the Hydrolysis of Pearl Millet Stover. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation2020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Xu XQ, Wu XB, Cui Y, Cai YX, Liu RW, Long MN, Chen QX. Enzymatic saccharification of cassava residues and glucose inhibitory kinetics on β-glucosidase from Hypocrea orientalis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:11512-11518. [PMID: 25393891 DOI: 10.1021/jf5039663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cassava residues are byproducts of the starch industry containing abundant cellulose for bioproduction of green fuel. To obtain maximum sugar yields from cassava residues, the optimal conditions for hydrolyzing the residues were determined using cellulase prepared from a novel Hypocrea orientalis strain. The optimal pH value and optimal temperature for the cellulase hydrolysis were 5.0 and 50 °C, respectively. The concentration of NaOH was determined to be 1% for pretreatment of cassava residues to gain enough soluble sugars suitably. The yield of released sugars was 10 mg/mL in the optimal conditions after 24 h of reaction, which was similar to that of bagasse and wheat grass. Inhibition kinetics of H. orientalis β-glucosidase (BG) by glucose was first studied using the progress-of-substrate-reaction method as described by Tsou (Tsou, C. L. Adv. Enzymol. Related Areas Mol. Biol. 1988, 61, 381-436), and the microscopic inhibition rate constants of glucose were determined. The results showed that glucose could inhibit BG reversibly and competitively. The rate constants of forward (k(+0)) and reverse (k(-0)) reaction were measured to be 4.88 × 10(-4) (mM·s)(-1) and 2.7 × 10(-4) s(-1), respectively. Meanwhile, the inhibition was more significant than that of L-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, D-aminoglucose, acetyl-D-glucose, and D-fructose. This work reveals how to increase sugar yields and reduce product inhibition during enzymatic saccharification of cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems and ‡School of Energy Research, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
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