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Lokya V, Parmar S, Pandey AK, Sudini HK, Huai D, Ozias-Akins P, Foyer CH, Nwosu CV, Karpinska B, Baker A, Xu P, Liao B, Mir RR, Chen X, Guo B, Nguyen HT, Kumar R, Bera SK, Singam P, Kumar A, Varshney RK, Pandey MK. Prospects for developing allergen-depleted food crops. THE PLANT GENOME 2023; 16:e20375. [PMID: 37641460 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the challenge of meeting global demand for food production, there are increasing concerns about food safety and the need to protect consumer health from the negative effects of foodborne allergies. Certain bio-molecules (usually proteins) present in food can act as allergens that trigger unusual immunological reactions, with potentially life-threatening consequences. The relentless working lifestyles of the modern era often incorporate poor eating habits that include readymade prepackaged and processed foods, which contain additives such as peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, and soy-based products, rather than traditional home cooking. Of the predominant allergenic foods (soybean, wheat, fish, peanut, shellfish, tree nuts, eggs, and milk), peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) are the best characterized source of allergens, followed by tree nuts (Juglans regia, Prunus amygdalus, Corylus avellana, Carya illinoinensis, Anacardium occidentale, Pistacia vera, Bertholletia excels), wheat (Triticum aestivum), soybeans (Glycine max), and kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). The prevalence of food allergies has risen significantly in recent years including chance of accidental exposure to such foods. In contrast, the standards of detection, diagnosis, and cure have not kept pace and unfortunately are often suboptimal. In this review, we mainly focus on the prevalence of allergies associated with peanut, tree nuts, wheat, soybean, and kidney bean, highlighting their physiological properties and functions as well as considering research directions for tailoring allergen gene expression. In particular, we discuss how recent advances in molecular breeding, genetic engineering, and genome editing can be used to develop potential low allergen food crops that protect consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadthya Lokya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sejal Parmar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Arun K Pandey
- College of Life Science of China Jiliang University (CJLU), Hangzhou, China
| | - Hari K Sudini
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dongxin Huai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Peggy Ozias-Akins
- Horticulture Department, The University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | | | - Barbara Karpinska
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Alison Baker
- Centre for Plant Sciences and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Pei Xu
- College of Life Science of China Jiliang University (CJLU), Hangzhou, China
| | - Boshou Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, India
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baozhu Guo
- USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - Henry T Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Gulbarga, India
| | | | - Prashant Singam
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anirudh Kumar
- Central Tribal University of Andhra Pradesh, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Crop Research Innovation Centre, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Manish K Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
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Geng Q, Zhang Y, Song M, Zhou X, Tang Y, Wu Z, Chen H. Allergenicity of peanut allergens and its dependence on the structure. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:1058-1081. [PMID: 36624611 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies are a global food safety problem. Peanut allergies are common due, in part, to their popular utilization in the food industry. Peanut allergy is typically an immunoglobulin E-mediated reaction, and peanuts contain 17 allergens belonging to different families in peanut. In this review, we first introduce the mechanisms and management of peanut allergy, followed by the basic structures of associated allergens. Subsequently, we summarize methods of epitope localization for peanut allergens. These methods can be instrumental in speeding up the discovery of allergenicity-dependent structures. Many attempts have been made to decrease the allergenicity of peanuts. The structures of hypoallergens, which are manufactured during processing, were analyzed to strengthen the desensitization process and allergen immunotherapy. The identification of conformational epitopes is the bottleneck in both peanut and food allergies. Further, the identification and modification of such epitopes will lead to improved strategies for managing and preventing peanut allergy. Combining traditional wet chemistry research with structure simulation studies will help in the epitopes' localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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3
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Ismail I, Huda N. Meat alternatives. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91001-9.00004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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4
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Bonku R, Yu J. Health aspects of peanuts as an outcome of its chemical composition. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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6
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Dunn SE, Vicini JL, Glenn KC, Fleischer DM, Greenhawt MJ. The allergenicity of genetically modified foods from genetically engineered crops: A narrative and systematic review. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 119:214-222.e3. [PMID: 28890018 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Eliza Dunn
- Medical Sciences and Outreach Lead, Monsanto Company, St Louis, Missouri; Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - John L Vicini
- Food and Feed Safety Scientific Affairs Lead, Monsanto Company, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Kevin C Glenn
- Allergenicity/Pipeline Issues Management Lead, Monsanto Company, St Louis, Missouri
| | - David M Fleischer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew J Greenhawt
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
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7
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Weeks DP. Gene Editing in Polyploid Crops: Wheat, Camelina, Canola, Potato, Cotton, Peanut, Sugar Cane, and Citrus. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 149:65-80. [PMID: 28712501 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polyploid crops make up a significant portion of the major food and fiber crops of the world and include wheat, potato, cotton, apple, peanut, citrus, and brassica oilseeds such as rape, canola, and Camelina. The presence of three sets of chromosomes in triploids, four sets in tetraploids, and six sets in hexaploids present significant challenges to conventional plant breeding and, potentially, to efficient use of rapidly emerging gene and genome-editing systems such as zinc finger nucleases, single-stranded oligonucleotides, TALE effector nucleases, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9). However, recent studies with each of these techniques in several polyploid crops have demonstrated facile editing of some or all of the genes targeted for modification on homeologous chromosomes. These modifications have allowed improvements in food nutrition, seed oil composition, disease resistance, weed protection, plant breeding procedures, and food safety. Plants and plant products exhibiting useful new traits created through gene editing but lacking foreign DNA may face reduced regulatory restrictions. Such plants can be obtained either by simply selecting for null segregants that have lost their editing transgenes during plant breeding or, even more attractively, by delivery of biodegradable Cas9/sgRNA ribonucleoprotein complexes (i.e., no DNA) into plant cells where they are expressed only transiently but allow for efficient gene editing-a system that has been recently demonstrated in at least two polyploid crops. Such systems that create precise mutations but leave no transgene footprint hold potential promise for assisting with the elimination or great diminution of regulatory processes that presently burden approvals of conventional transgenic crops.
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Selb R, Wal JM, Moreno FJ, Lovik M, Mills C, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Fernandez A. Assessment of endogenous allergenicity of genetically modified plants exemplified by soybean - Where do we stand? Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 101:139-148. [PMID: 28111299 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
According to EU regulation, genetically modified (GM) plants considered to be allergenic have to be assessed concerning their endogenous allergens before placement on the EU market, in line with the international standards described in Codex Alimentarius. Under such premises, a quantitative relevant increase in allergens might occur in GM plants as an unintended effect compared with conventionally produced crops, which could pose a risk to consumers. Currently, data showing a connection between dose and allergic sensitisation are scarce since the pathophysiological mechanisms of sensitisation are insufficiently understood. In contrast, data on population dose-distribution relationships acquired by oral food challenge are available showing a connection between quantity of allergenic protein consumed and the population of allergic individuals experiencing reactions. Soybean is currently the only recognised allergenic GM food by law for which EFSA has received applications and was therefore taken as an example for defining an assessment strategy. Identification of potential allergens, methodology for quantification as well as risk assessment considerations, are discussed. A strategy is proposed for the identification, assessment and evaluation of potential hazards/risks concerning endogenous allergenicity in food derived from plants developed by biotechnology. This approach could be expanded to other allergenic foods in the future, whenever required.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Selb
- European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy
| | - J M Wal
- INRA-CEA, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - F J Moreno
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Lovik
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - C Mills
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - K Hoffmann-Sommergruber
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Fernandez
- European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy.
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9
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Allergenicity attributes of different peanut market types. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 91:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Jayasena AS, Franke B, Rosengren J, Mylne JS. A tripartite approach identifies the major sunflower seed albumins. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2016; 129:613-629. [PMID: 26767835 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have used a combination of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic approaches to identify the napin-type albumin genes in sunflower and define their contributions to the seed albumin pool. Seed protein content is determined by the expression of what are typically large gene families. A major class of seed storage proteins is the napin-type, water soluble albumins. In this work we provide a comprehensive analysis of the napin-type albumin content of the common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) by analyzing a draft genome, a transcriptome and performing a proteomic analysis of the seed albumin fraction. We show that although sunflower contains at least 26 genes for napin-type albumins, only 15 of these are present at the mRNA level. We found protein evidence for 11 of these but the albumin content of mature seeds is dominated by the encoded products of just three genes. So despite high genetic redundancy for albumins, only a small sub-set of this gene family contributes to total seed albumin content. The three genes identified as producing the majority of sunflower seed albumin are potential future candidates for manipulation through genetics and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achala S Jayasena
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Bastian Franke
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Johan Rosengren
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Joshua S Mylne
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia.
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11
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Shamoon M, Sajid MW, Safdar W, Haider J, Omar M, Ammar A, Sharif HR, Khalid S, Randhawa MA. An update on hypoallergenicity of peanut and soybean: where are we now? RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12515h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumes are one of the major sources of proteins and positively correlate with the development of modern society. At the same time, unfortunately, they significantly contribute to the rising prevalence of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shamoon
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- The Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Muhammad Wasim Sajid
- Department of Biosciences
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- Sahiwal 57000
- Pakistan
| | - Waseem Safdar
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- The Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Junaid Haider
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Mukama Omar
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
| | - Alfarga Ammar
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- The Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Hafiz Rizwan Sharif
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Saud Khalid
- Center for Polymer from Renewable Resources
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R China
| | - Muhammad Atif Randhawa
- Faculty of Food
- Nutrition and Home Sciences
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology
- University of Agriculture
- Faisalabad 38040
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12
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Li Y, Sun X, Ma Z, Cui Y, Du C, Xia X, Qian H. Beneficial Influence of Short-Term Germination on Decreasing Allergenicity of Peanut Proteins. J Food Sci 2015; 81:T255-61. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Li
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan Univ; Wu Xi 214122 China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan Univ; Wu Xi 214122 China
| | - Zhezhe Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan Univ; Wu Xi 214122 China
| | - Yan Cui
- Inst. of Agricultural Products Processing; Ningbo Inst. of Agricultural Sciences; Ningbo 315040 China
| | - Chao Du
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan Univ; Wu Xi 214122 China
| | - Xiuhua Xia
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan Univ; Wu Xi 214122 China
| | - He Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan Univ; Wu Xi 214122 China
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13
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Definition und Design hypoallergener Nahrungsmittel. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-015-0942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Chandran M, Chu Y, Maleki SJ, Ozias-Akins P. Stability of transgene expression in reduced allergen peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) across multiple generations and at different soil sulfur levels. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1788-1797. [PMID: 25616282 DOI: 10.1021/jf504892f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) containing a gene designed for RNA interference (RNAi) showed stable complete silencing of Ara h 2 and partial silencing of Ara h 6, two potent peanut allergens/proteins, along with minimal collateral changes to other allergens, Ara h 1 and Ara h 3, across three generations (T3, T4, and T5) under field conditions. Different soil sulfur levels (0.012, 0.3, and 3.0 mM) differentially impacted sulfur-rich (Ara h 2, Ara h 3, and Ara h 6) versus sulfur-poor (Ara h 1) proteins in non-transgenic versus transgenic peanut. The sulfur level had no effect on Ara h 1, whereas low sulfur led to a significant reduction of Ara h 3 in transgenic and non-transgenic seeds and Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 in non-transgenic but not in transgenic peanuts because these proteins already were reduced by gene silencing. These results demonstrate stability of transgene expression and the potential utility of RNAi in allergen manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Chandran
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia , Tifton, Georgia 31793-5766, United States
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15
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Abstract
Peanut allergy is an IgE-mediated, persisting immune disorder that is of major concern worldwide. Currently, no routine immunotherapy is available to treat this often severe and sometimes fatal food allergy. Traditional subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy with crude peanut extracts has proven not feasible due to the high risk of severe systemic side effects. The allergen-specific approaches under preclinical and clinical investigation comprise subcutaneous, oral, sublingual and epicutaneous immunotherapy with whole-peanut extracts as well as applications of hypoallergenic peanut allergens or T cell epitope peptides. Allergen-nonspecific approaches include monoclonal anti-IgE antibodies, TCM herbal formulations and Toll-like receptor 9-based immunotherapy. The potential of genetically engineered plants with reduced allergen levels is being explored as well as the beneficial influence of lactic acid bacteria and soybean isoflavones on peanut allergen-induced symptoms. Although the underlying mechanisms still need to be elucidated, several of these strategies hold great promise. It can be estimated that individual strategies or a combination thereof will result in a successful immunotherapy regime for peanut-allergic individuals within the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merima Bublin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Chu Y, Guimarães LA, Wu CL, Timper P, Holbrook CC, Ozias-Akins P. A Technique to Study Meloidogyne arenaria Resistance in Agrobacterium rhizogenes-Transformed Peanut. PLANT DISEASE 2014; 98:1292-1299. [PMID: 30703931 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-13-1241-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A reliable peanut root transformation system would be useful to study the functions of genes involved in root biology and disease resistance. The objective of this study was to establish an effective protocol to produce composite plants mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation. In total, 75% of transformed peanut seedlings produced an average of 2.83 transgenic roots per plant. Peanut seed had the highest germination rate after treatment in a chlorine gas chamber for 8 h compared with 16 h in chlorine gas or Clorox and mercuric chloride immersion treatments. High transformation efficiency was achieved when the wound site for A. rhizogenes inoculation was covered with vermiculite instead of enclosing the whole plant in a high humidity chamber. On average, 2.5 galls from Meloidogyne arenaria infection were formed per transgenic root from susceptible genotype TifGP-2. These data indicate that A. rhizogenes-transformed roots can be used to phenotype the host response to nematode challenge. Transformation of RLP-2, a candidate resistance gene for M. arenaria integrated into a silencing construct, did not alter the resistance response of Tifguard, even though downregulation of endogenous RLP-2 expression was detected in transformed roots. It is likely that RLP-2 is not the gene conditioning M. arenaria resistance in peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chu
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton 31793-5766
| | - L A Guimarães
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton 31793-5766
| | - C L Wu
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton 31793-5766
| | - P Timper
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, GA 31793; and
| | - C C Holbrook
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, GA 31793; and
| | - P Ozias-Akins
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Georgia Tifton Campus
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17
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Huang HW, Yang BB, Wang CY. Effects of high pressure processing on immunoreactivity and microbiological safety of crushed peanuts. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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White BL, Shi X, Burk CM, Kulis M, Burks AW, Sanders TH, Davis JP. Strategies to Mitigate Peanut Allergy: Production, Processing, Utilization, and Immunotherapy Considerations. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2014; 5:155-76. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030713-092443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop grown worldwide for food and edible oil. The surge of peanut allergy in the past 25 years has profoundly impacted both affected individuals and the peanut and related food industries. In response, several strategies to mitigate peanut allergy have emerged to reduce/eliminate the allergenicity of peanuts or to better treat peanut-allergic individuals. In this review, we give an overview of peanut allergy, with a focus on peanut proteins, including the impact of thermal processing on peanut protein structure and detection in food matrices. We discuss several strategies currently being investigated to mitigate peanut allergy, including genetic engineering, novel processing strategies, and immunotherapy in terms of mechanisms, recent research, and limitations. All strategies are discussed with considerations for both peanut-allergic individuals and the numerous industries/government agencies involved throughout peanut production and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L. White
- Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture and
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695;, , ,
| | - Caitlin M. Burk
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599;, ,
| | - Michael Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599;, ,
| | - A. Wesley Burks
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599;, ,
| | - Timothy H. Sanders
- Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture and
| | - Jack P. Davis
- Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture and
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695;, , ,
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19
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Abstract
Peanut is recognized as a potent food allergen producing one of the most frequent food allergies. This fact has originated the publication of an elevated number of scientific reports dealing with peanut allergens and, especially, the prevalence of peanut allergy. For this reason, the information available on peanut allergens is increasing and the debate about peanut allergy is always renewed. This article reviews the information currently available on peanut allergens and on the techniques used for their chemical characterization. Moreover, a general overview on the current biotechnological approaches used to reduce or eliminate peanut allergens is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sáiz
- Department of Chemistry I, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences, and Chemistry, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Zhou Y, Wang JS, Yang XJ, Lin DH, Gao YF, Su YJ, Yang S, Zhang YJ, Zheng JJ. Peanut Allergy, Allergen Composition, and Methods of Reducing Allergenicity: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2013; 2013:909140. [PMID: 26904614 PMCID: PMC4745518 DOI: 10.1155/2013/909140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peanut allergy affects 1-2% of the world's population. It is dangerous, and usually lifelong, and it greatly decreases the life quality of peanut-allergic individuals and their families. In a word, peanut allergy has become a major health concern worldwide. Thirteen peanut allergens are identified, and they are briefly introduced in this paper. Although there is no feasible solution to peanut allergy at present, many methods have shown great promise. This paper reviews methods of reducing peanut allergenicity, including physical methods (heat and pressure, PUV), chemical methods (tannic acid and magnetic beads), and biological methods (conventional breeding, irradiation breeding, genetic engineering, enzymatic treatment, and fermentation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jin-shui Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiao-jia Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dan-hua Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yun-fang Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yin-jie Su
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Sen Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yan-jie Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing-jing Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Buiatti M, Christou P, Pastore G. The application of GMOs in agriculture and in food production for a better nutrition: two different scientific points of view. GENES AND NUTRITION 2012; 8:255-70. [PMID: 23076994 PMCID: PMC3639326 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-012-0316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This commentary is a face-to-face debate between two almost opposite positions regarding the application of genetic engineering in agriculture and food production. Seven questions on the potential benefits of the application of genetic engineering in agriculture and on the potentially adverse impacts on the environment and human health were posed to two scientists: one who is sceptical about the use of GMOs in Agriculture, and one who views GMOs as an important tool for quantitatively and qualitatively improving food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Buiatti
- University of Florence, Florence, Italy,
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22
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Abstract
Food allergy has become a serious public health problem. Nowadays several treatments were employed for reducing the allergenicity from food. The paper mainly reviews the application of microbial fermentation in the reduction of the allergenicity from different foods.
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Bhattacharya A, Ramos ML, Faustinelli P, Ozias-Akins P. Reporter Gene Expression Patterns Regulated by an Ara h 2 Promoter Differ in Homologous Versus Heterologous Systems1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3146/ps11-16.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a globally important crop whose seeds are widely used in food products. Peanut seeds contain proteins that serve a nutrient reservoir function and that also are major allergens. As part of an investigation to determine the effect of reducing/eliminating the peanut allergen Ara h 2 from seeds, gene sequence including upstream regulatory regions was characterized. The ability of regions upstream of the translation initiation site to regulate seed-specific expression of reporter genes was tested in peanut and Arabidopsis. Two independent transgenic peanut lines biolistically transformed with 1kb of DNA upstream of the Ara h 2.02 (B-genome) coding sequence controlling a Green Fluorescent Protein – β-glucuronidase (Gfp-Gus) fusion were obtained. All T1, T2 and T3 generations of transgenic plants showed the expression of GFP and GUS restricted to seeds and near background levels in vegetative tissues. However, constitutive GUS expression was observed in Arabidopsis transgenic lines, a heterologous system. It is possible that trans-acting factors regulating seed specificity in peanut are too divergent in Arabidopsis to enable the seed specific response. Thus, the promoter described in this paper may have potential use for expression of transgenes in peanut where seed-specificity is desired, but expression patterns should be tested in heterologous systems prior to off-the-shelf adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bhattacharya
- Present address: Bench Biotechnology, Vapi, Gujarat, India
| | - M. L. Ramos
- Present address: NIDERA S.A., Departamento de Biotecnologia, Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe CP2600, Argentina
| | - P. Faustinelli
- Present address: Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Catholic University of Cordoba, Camino a Alta Gracia km 7 1/2 (5017), Cordoba, Argentina
| | - P. Ozias-Akins
- Research location and current address of P. Ozias-Akins: Department of Horticulture and NESPAL, The University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793-5766
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25
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Hurlburt BK, Schmitt D, Isleib TG, Cheng H, Garvey C, Koenig RL, Maleki SJ. Production of pure protein and antibodies and development of immunoassays to detect Ara h 3 levels in peanut varieties. Int J Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02645.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Knoll JE, Ramos ML, Zeng Y, Holbrook CC, Chow M, Chen S, Maleki S, Bhattacharya A, Ozias-Akins P. TILLING for allergen reduction and improvement of quality traits in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 11:81. [PMID: 21569438 PMCID: PMC3113929 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-11-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic reactions to peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) can cause severe symptoms and in some cases can be fatal, but avoidance is difficult due to the prevalence of peanut-derived products in processed foods. One strategy of reducing the allergenicity of peanuts is to alter or eliminate the allergenic proteins through mutagenesis. Other seed quality traits could be improved by altering biosynthetic enzyme activities. Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING), a reverse-genetics approach, was used to identify mutations affecting seed traits in peanut. RESULTS Two similar copies of a major allergen gene, Ara h 1, have been identified in tetraploid peanut, one in each subgenome. The same situation has been shown for major allergen Ara h 2. Due to the challenge of discriminating between homeologous genes in allotetraploid peanut, nested PCR was employed, in which both gene copies were amplified using unlabeled primers. This was followed by a second PCR using gene-specific labeled primers, heteroduplex formation, CEL1 nuclease digestion, and electrophoretic detection of labeled fragments. Using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) as a mutagen, a mutation frequency of 1 SNP/967 kb (3,420 M2 individuals screened) was observed. The most significant mutations identified were a disrupted start codon in Ara h 2.02 and a premature stop codon in Ara h 1.02. Homozygous individuals were recovered in succeeding generations for each of these mutations, and elimination of Ara h 2.02 protein was confirmed. Several Ara h 1 protein isoforms were eliminated or reduced according to 2D gel analyses. TILLING also was used to identify mutations in fatty acid desaturase AhFAD2 (also present in two copies), a gene which controls the ratio of oleic to linoleic acid in the seed. A frameshift mutation was identified, resulting in truncation and inactivation of AhFAD2B protein. A mutation in AhFAD2A was predicted to restore function to the normally inactive enzyme. CONCLUSIONS This work represents the first steps toward the goal of creating a peanut cultivar with reduced allergenicity. TILLING in peanut can be extended to virtually any gene, and could be used to modify other traits such as nutritional properties of the seed, as shown in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Knoll
- Department of Horticulture/NESPAL, University of Georgia-Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
- USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - M Laura Ramos
- Department of Horticulture/NESPAL, University of Georgia-Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Yajuan Zeng
- Department of Horticulture/NESPAL, University of Georgia-Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - C Corley Holbrook
- USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Marjorie Chow
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Soheila Maleki
- USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Anjanabha Bhattacharya
- Department of Horticulture/NESPAL, University of Georgia-Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Peggy Ozias-Akins
- Department of Horticulture/NESPAL, University of Georgia-Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
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The impact of plant biotechnology on food allergy. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 22:224-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yu J, Ahmedna M, Goktepe I, Cheng H, Maleki S. Enzymatic treatment of peanut kernels to reduce allergen levels. Food Chem 2011; 127:1014-22. [PMID: 25214091 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the use of enzymatic treatment to reduce peanut allergens in peanut kernels as affected by processing conditions. Two major peanut allergens, Ara h 1 and Ara h 2, were used as indicators of process effectiveness. Enzymatic treatment effectively reduced Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 in roasted peanut kernels by up to 100% under optimal conditions. For instance, treatment of roasted peanut kernels with α-chymotrypsin and trypsin for 1-3h significantly increased the solubility of peanut protein while reducing Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 in peanut kernel extracts by 100% and 98%, respectively, based on ELISA readings. Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 levels in peanut protein extracts were inversely correlated with protein solubility in roasted peanut. Blanching of kernels enhanced the effectiveness of enzyme treatment in roasted peanuts but not in raw peanuts. The optimal concentration of enzyme was determined by response surface to be in the range of 0.1-0.2%. No consistent results were obtained for raw peanut kernels since Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 increased in peanut protein extracts under some treatment conditions and decreased in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Yu
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Mohamed Ahmedna
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, The North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| | - Ipek Goktepe
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Hsiaopo Cheng
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center (USDA-ARS-SRRC), New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Soheila Maleki
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center (USDA-ARS-SRRC), New Orleans, LA, USA
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Raymond Park J, McFarlane I, Hartley Phipps R, Ceddia G. The role of transgenic crops in sustainable development. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2011; 9:2-21. [PMID: 21040386 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2010.00565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The concept of sustainable development forms the basis for a wide variety of international and national policy making. World population continues to expand at about 80 M people per year, while the demand for natural resources continues to escalate. Important policies, treaties and goals underpin the notion of sustainable development. In this paper, we discuss and evaluate a range of scientific literature pertaining to the use of transgenic crops in meeting sustainable development goals. It is concluded that a considerable body of evidence has accrued since the first commercial growing of transgenic crops, which suggests that they can contribute in all three traditional pillars of sustainability, i.e. economically, environmentally and socially. Management of herbicide-tolerant and insect-resistant transgenic crops to minimize the risk of weeds and pests developing resistance is discussed, together with the associated concern about the risk of loss of biodiversity. As the world population continues to rise, the evidence reviewed here suggests it would be unwise to ignore transgenic crops as one of the tools that can help meet aspirations for increasingly sustainable global development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Raymond Park
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG66AR, UK.
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32
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Abstract
Plants have evolved a variety of gene silencing pathways mediated by small RNAs. Mostly 21 or 24 nt in size, these small RNAs repress the expression of sequence homologous genes at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and translational levels. These pathways, also referred as RNA silencing pathways, play important roles in regulating growth and development as well as in response to both biotic and abiotic stress. Although the molecular basis of these complicated and interconnected pathways has become clear only in recent years, RNA silencing effects were observed and utilized in transgenic plants early in the plant biotechnology era, more than two decades ago. Today, with a better understanding of the pathways, various genetic engineering approaches have been developed to apply RNA silencing more effectively and broadly. In addition to summarizing the current models of RNA silencing, this review discusses examples of its potential uses and related issues concerning its application in plant biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Frizzi
- Calgene Campus, Monsanto Company, 1920 Fifth Street, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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33
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Riascos JJ, Weissinger AK, Weissinger SM, Burks AW. Hypoallergenic legume crops and food allergy: factors affecting feasibility and risk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:20-7. [PMID: 19921800 DOI: 10.1021/jf902526y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the sole strategy for managing food hypersensitivity involves strict avoidance of the trigger. Several alternate strategies for the treatment of food allergies are currently under study. Also being explored is the process of eliminating allergenic proteins from crop plants. Legumes are a rich source of protein and are an essential component of the human diet. Unfortunately, legumes, including soybean and peanut, are also common sources of food allergens. Four protein families and superfamilies account for the majority of legume allergens, which include storage proteins of seeds (cupins and prolamins), profilins, and the larger group of pathogenesis-related proteins. Two strategies have been used to produce hypoallergenic legume crops: (1) germplasm lines are screened for the absence or reduced content of specific allergenic proteins and (2) genetic transformation is used to silence native genes encoding allergenic proteins. Both approaches have been successful in producing cultivars of soybeans and peanuts with reduced allergenic proteins. However, it is unknown whether the cultivars are actually hypoallergenic to those with sensitivity. This review describes efforts to produce hypoallergenic cultivars of soybean and peanut and discusses the challenges that need to be overcome before such products could be available in the marketplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Riascos
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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Schmidt H, Gelhaus C, Latendorf T, Nebendahl M, Petersen A, Krause S, Leippe M, Becker WM, Janssen O. 2-D DIGE analysis of the proteome of extracts from peanut variants reveals striking differences in major allergen contents. Proteomics 2009; 9:3507-21. [PMID: 19609960 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, an increasing prevalence of peanut allergies was observed worldwide. Peanuts are meanwhile categorized among the most dangerous food allergens. This is particularly relevant since peanut-derived ingredients are widely used in industrial food production. To minimize the problem of hidden food allergens causing severe anaphylactic reactions, pre-packaged food containing peanut components needs to be classified according to European ruling since 2005. Food companies search for strategies to reduce the allergenicity of peanut-derived food additives either by genetically altering the allergen content or by identifying peanut varieties with low levels of major allergens. In our study, we focused on peanut extracts from Indonesia that apparently contain lower levels of the major Arachis hypogaea allergen 1 (Ara h 1). Basic extracts of Virginia-type and Indonesian peanuts were compared by 1- and 2-DE. We identified more than hundred individual components in these extracts by MS and provide a high-resolution allergen map that also includes so far unknown fragments of major peanut allergens. The reduced level of Ara h 1 associated with a significantly lower abundance of the most potent peanut allergen Ara h 2 in various Indonesian peanuts was also confirmed by Western blotting with monoclonal antibodies and sera of allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Schmidt
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute for Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Ozias-Akins P, Ramos ML, Faustinelli P, Chu Y, Maleki S, Thelen JJ, Huntley J, Arias K, Jordana M. Spontaneous and induced variability of allergens in commodity crops: Ara h 2 in peanut as a case study. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 54:S37-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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36
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Removing allergens and reducing toxins from food crops. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2009; 20:191-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Ramos ML, Huntley JJ, Maleki SJ, Ozias-Akins P. Identification and characterization of a hypoallergenic ortholog of Ara h 2.01. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 69:325-335. [PMID: 19009240 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-008-9428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), can elicit type I allergy becoming the most common cause of fatal food-induced anaphylactic reactions. Strict avoidance is the only effective means of dealing with this allergy. Ara h 2, a peanut seed storage protein, has been identified as the most potent peanut allergen and is recognized by approximately 90% of peanut hypersensitive individuals in the US. Because peanut has limited genetic variation, wild relatives are a good source of genetic diversity. After screening 30 Arachis duranensis accessions by EcoTILLing, we characterized five different missense mutations in ara d 2.01. None of these polymorphisms induced major conformational modifications. Nevertheless, a polymorphism in the immunodominant epitope #7 (S73T) showed a 56-99% reduction in IgE-binding activity and did not affect T cell epitopes, which must be retained for effective immunotherapy. The identification of natural hypoallergenic isoforms positively contributes to future immunological and therapeutic studies and peanut cultivar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laura Ramos
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
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