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Agatha O, Mutwil-Anderwald D, Tan JY, Mutwil M. Plant sesquiterpene lactones. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230350. [PMID: 39343024 PMCID: PMC11449222 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) are a prominent group of plant secondary metabolites predominantly found in the Asteraceae family and have multiple ecological roles and medicinal applications. This review describes the evolutionary and ecological significance of STLs, highlighting their roles in plant defence mechanisms against herbivory and as phytotoxins, alongside their function as environmental signalling molecules. We also cover the substantial role of STLs in medicine and their mode of action in health and disease. We discuss the biosynthetic pathways and the various modifications that make STLs one of the most diverse groups of metabolites. Finally, we discuss methods for identifying and predicting STL biosynthesis pathways. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of plant metabolism'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Agatha
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Daniela Mutwil-Anderwald
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Jhing Yein Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Marek Mutwil
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637551, Singapore
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Daignan-Fornier S, Keita A, Boyer FD. Chemistry of Strigolactones, Key Players in Plant Communication. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400133. [PMID: 38607659 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Today, the use of artificial pesticides is questionable and the adaptation to global warming is a necessity. The promotion of favorable natural interactions in the rhizosphere offers interesting perspectives for changing the type of agriculture. Strigolactones (SLs), the latest class of phytohormones to be discovered, are also chemical mediators in the rhizosphere. We present in this review the diversity of natural SLs, their analogs, mimics, and probes essential for the biological studies of this class of compounds. Their biosynthesis and access by organic synthesis are highlighted especially concerning noncanonical SLs, the more recently discovered natural SLs. Organic synthesis of analogs, stable isotope-labeled standards, mimics, and probes are also reviewed here. In the last part, the knowledge about the SL perception is described as well as the different inhibitors of SL receptors that have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Daignan-Fornier
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Antoinette Keita
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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3
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Cárdenas DM, Bajsa‐Hirschel J, Cantrell CL, Rial C, Varela RM, Molinillo JMG, Macías FA. Evaluation of the phytotoxic and antifungal activity of C 17 -sesquiterpenoids as potential biopesticides. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4240-4251. [PMID: 35709310 PMCID: PMC9540635 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products are a promising source for the development of new pesticides with alternative mechanisms of action. In this study, we evaluated the phytotoxic and antifungal activity of a novel family of natural C17 -sesquiterpenoids and performed a study of the effect caused by the elimination of the α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone system and its importance to their biological activity. RESULTS Many tested compounds exhibited a strong phytotoxic activity. Lappalone and pertyolide B were the most potent molecules from the tested group. Lappalone displayed a strong inhibition profile against selected weed species, reaching a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) value of 5.0 μm against Echinochloa crus-galli L. shoot and 5.7 μm against the germination rate of Amaranthus viridis L., as well as a good stimulation of the germination of Phelipanche ramosa L. Pertyolide B demonstrated excellent inhibition against Amaranthus viridis L. (IC50 : 56.7, 70.3 and 24.0 μm against the root and shoot growth, and germination rate, respectively) and Allium cepa L. (representative of the Liliaceae family, with IC50 values of 25.3 and 64.4 μm against root and shoot growth). Regarding the antifungal activity, pertyolide B presented significant activity against Colletotrichum fragareae and Fusarium oxysporum with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 6.6 μg μL-1 . CONCLUSION The bioassays revealed that frequently the presence of the α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone system is not essential for the bioactivities of sesquiterpene lactones, and suggest that C17 -sesquiterpenoids may function through a different mechanism of action not related to the widely assumed Michael addition. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Cárdenas
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of ScienceUniversity of CadizCádizSpain
| | - Joanna Bajsa‐Hirschel
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, United States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research Service, UniversityOxfordMSUSA
| | - Charles L. Cantrell
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, United States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research Service, UniversityOxfordMSUSA
| | - Carlos Rial
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of ScienceUniversity of CadizCádizSpain
| | - Rosa M. Varela
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of ScienceUniversity of CadizCádizSpain
| | - José M. G. Molinillo
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of ScienceUniversity of CadizCádizSpain
| | - Francisco A. Macías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of ScienceUniversity of CadizCádizSpain
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Li S, Li Y, Chen L, Zhang C, Wang F, Li H, Wang M, Wang Y, Nan F, Xie D, Yan J. Strigolactone mimic 2-nitrodebranone is highly active in Arabidopsis growth and development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:67-76. [PMID: 33860570 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones play crucial roles in regulating plant architecture and development, as endogenous hormones, and orchestrating symbiotic interactions with fungi and parasitic plants, as components of root exudates. rac-GR24 is currently the most widely used strigolactone analog and serves as a reference compound in investigating the action of strigolactones. In this study, we evaluated a suite of debranones and found that 2-nitrodebranone (2NOD) exhibited higher biological activity than rac-GR24 in various aspects of plant growth and development in Arabidopsis, including hypocotyl elongation inhibition, root hair promotion and senescence acceleration. The enhanced activity of 2NOD in promoting AtD14-SMXL7 and AtD14-MAX2 interactions indicates that the molecular structure of 2NOD is a better match for the ligand perception site pocket of D14. Moreover, 2NOD showed lower activity than rac-GR24 in promoting Orobanche cumana seed germination, suggesting its higher ability to control plant architecture than parasitic interactions. In combination with the improved stability of 2NOD, these results demonstrate that 2NOD is a strigolactone analog that can specifically mimic the activity of strigolactones and that 2NOD exhibits strong potential as a tool for studying the strigolactone signaling pathway in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhua Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Linhai Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Fei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haiou Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Yupei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fajun Nan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Daoxin Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianbin Yan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
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Macías FA, Durán AG, Molinillo JMG. Allelopathy: The Chemical Language of Plants. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 112:1-84. [PMID: 33306172 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-52966-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In Nature, the oldest method of communication between living systems is the chemical language. Plants, due to their lack of mobility, have developed the most sophisticated way of chemical communication. Despite that many examples involve this chemical communication process-allelopathy, there is still a lack of information about specific allelochemicals released into the environment, their purpose, as well as in-depth studies on the chemistry underground. These findings are critical to gain a better understanding of the role of these compounds and open up a wide range of possibilities and applications, especially in agriculture and phytomedicine. The most relevant aspects regarding the chemical language of plants, namely kind of allelochemicals, have been investigated, as well as their releasing mechanisms and their purpose will be described in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Macías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/República Saharaui 7, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Alexandra G Durán
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/República Saharaui 7, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - José M G Molinillo
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/República Saharaui 7, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
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Zorrilla JG, Cala A, Rial C, R Mejías FJ, Molinillo JMG, Varela RM, Macías FA. Synthesis of Active Strigolactone Analogues Based on Eudesmane- and Guaiane-Type Sesquiterpene Lactones. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9636-9645. [PMID: 32794743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are natural products that are exuded by plants and stimulate parasitic weed germination. Their use in herbicides is limited since they are produced in small quantities, but the synthesis of bioactive analogues provides an alternative source. In this work, eleven analogues have been synthesized. Among them, nine compounds belong to a novel family named eudesmanestrigolactones. The procedure is short (3-6 steps), the starting materials are isolated on a multigram scale, and global yields are up to 8%, which significantly enhance isolated yields. In bioassay, the compounds germinated high percentages of Phelipanche ramosa, Orobanche cumana, and Orobanche crenata seeds, even at nanogram doses (100 nM). Bioactivity was stereochemistry-dependent, and it was discussed in terms of the presence and geometry of the enol ether, orientation of the butenolide, and unsaturation of ring A. The reported compounds provide a set of readily obtained allelochemicals with potential applications as preventive herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús G Zorrilla
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/Republica Saharaui, 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Cala
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/Republica Saharaui, 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carlos Rial
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/Republica Saharaui, 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco J R Mejías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/Republica Saharaui, 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José M G Molinillo
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/Republica Saharaui, 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Rosa M Varela
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/Republica Saharaui, 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco A Macías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/Republica Saharaui, 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Cala A, Zorrilla JG, Rial C, Molinillo JMG, Varela RM, Macías FA. Easy Access to Alkoxy, Amino, Carbamoyl, Hydroxy, and Thiol Derivatives of Sesquiterpene Lactones and Evaluation of Their Bioactivity on Parasitic Weeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10764-10773. [PMID: 31487158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that the α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety of sesquiterpene lactones is a key unit for their bioactivity. As a consequence, modifications of these compounds have been focused on this fragment. In the work reported here, two sesquiterpene lactones, namely, dehydrocostuslactone and β-cyclocostunolide, a eudesmanolide obtained by controlled cyclization of costunolide, were chosen for modification by Michael addition at C-13. On applying this reaction to both compounds, it was possible to introduce the functional groups alkoxy, amino, carbamoyl, hydroxy, and thiol to give products in good to high yields, depending on the base and solvent employed. In particular, the introduction of a thiol group at C-13 in both compounds was achieved with outstanding yields (>90%) and this is unprecedented for these sesquiterpene lactones. The bioactivities of the products were evaluated on etiolated wheat coleoptile elongation and germination of seeds of parasitic weeds, with significant activity observed on Orobanche cumana and Phelipanche ramosa. The structure-activity relationships are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cala
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of Science , University of Cadiz , C/Republica Saharaui, 7 , 11510 Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain
| | - Jesús G Zorrilla
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of Science , University of Cadiz , C/Republica Saharaui, 7 , 11510 Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain
| | - Carlos Rial
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of Science , University of Cadiz , C/Republica Saharaui, 7 , 11510 Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain
| | - José M G Molinillo
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of Science , University of Cadiz , C/Republica Saharaui, 7 , 11510 Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain
| | - Rosa M Varela
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of Science , University of Cadiz , C/Republica Saharaui, 7 , 11510 Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain
| | - Francisco A Macías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus CEIA3, School of Science , University of Cadiz , C/Republica Saharaui, 7 , 11510 Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain
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Dvorakova M, Hylova A, Soudek P, Petrova S, Spichal L, Vanek T. Triazolide strigolactone mimics as potent selective germinators of parasitic plant Phelipanche ramosa. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2049-2056. [PMID: 30632264 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strigolactones are a unique class of plant metabolites which serve as a rhizosphere signal for parasitic plants and evocate their seed germination. The expansion of these parasitic weeds in the food crop fields urgently calls for their increased control and depletion. Simple strigolactone analogues able to stimulate seed germination of these parasitic plants may represent an efficient control measure through the induction of suicidal germination. RESULTS Triazolide-type strigolactone mimics were easily synthesized in three steps from commercially available materials. These derivatives induced effectively seed germination of Phelipanche ramosa with EC50 as low as 5.2 × 10-10 M. These mimics did not induce seed germination of Striga hermonthica even at high concentration (≥1 × 10-5 M). CONCLUSIONS Simple and stable strigolactone mimics with selective activity against Phelipanche ramosa were synthesized. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Dvorakova
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adela Hylova
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Palacky University, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Soudek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Petrova
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Spichal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Palacky University, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vanek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Prague, Czech Republic
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Dvorakova M, Hylova A, Soudek P, Retzer K, Spichal L, Vanek T. Resorcinol-Type Strigolactone Mimics as Potent Germinators of the Parasitic Plants Striga hermonthica and Phelipanche ramosa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:2321-2328. [PMID: 30362743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are a particular class of plant metabolites with diverse biological functions starting from the stimulation of parasitic seed germination to phytohormonal activity. The expansion of parasitic weeds in the fields of developing countries is threatening the food supply and calls for simple procedures to combat these weeds. Strigolactone analogues represent a promising approach for such control through suicidal germination, i.e., parasitic seed germination without the presence of the host causing parasite death. In the present work, the synthesis of resorcinol-type strigolactone mimics related to debranones is reported. These compounds were highly stable even at alkaline pH levels and able to induce seed germination of parasitic plants Striga hermonthica and Phelipanche ramosa at low concentrations, EC50 ≈ 2 × 10-7 M ( Striga) and EC50 ≈ 2 × 10-9 M ( Phelipanche). On the other hand, the mimics had no significant effect on root architecture of Arabidopsis plants, suggesting a selective activity for parasitic seed germination, making them a primary target as suicidal germinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Dvorakova
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences , v.v.i., Rozvojova 263 , 16502 , Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Adela Hylova
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science , Palacky University , Slechtitelu 241/27 , 783 71 , Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Soudek
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences , v.v.i., Rozvojova 263 , 16502 , Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Retzer
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences , v.v.i., Rozvojova 263 , 16502 , Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Spichal
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science , Palacky University , Slechtitelu 241/27 , 783 71 , Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vanek
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences , v.v.i., Rozvojova 263 , 16502 , Prague 6 , Czech Republic
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Dvorakova M, Soudek P, Vanek T. Triazolide Strigolactone Mimics Influence Root Development in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1318-1327. [PMID: 28422493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are the most recently recognized class of phytohormones, which are also known to establish plant symbiosis with arbuscular mycorhizal fungi or induce germination of parasitic plants. Their relatively complex structures and low stability urgently calls for simple derivatives with maintained biological function. We have prepared a series of triazolide strigolactone mimics and studied their ability to affect root development of Arabidopsis thaliana. The strigolactone mimics significantly induced root elongation and lateral root formation while resembling the effect of the reference compound GR24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Dvorakova
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i., Rozvojova 263, Prague 6 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Soudek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i., Rozvojova 263, Prague 6 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vanek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i., Rozvojova 263, Prague 6 16502, Czech Republic
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Cala A, Ghooray K, Fernández-Aparicio M, Molinillo JM, Galindo JC, Rubiales D, Macías FA. Phthalimide-derived strigolactone mimics as germinating agents for seeds of parasitic weeds. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:2069-2081. [PMID: 27218223 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broomrapes attack important crops, cause severe yield losses and are difficult to eliminate because their seed bank is virtually indestructible. In the absence of a host, the induction of seed germination leads to inevitable death due to nutrient starvation. Synthetic analogues of germination-inducing factors may constitute a cheap and feasible strategy to control the seed bank. These compounds should be easy and cheap to synthesise, as this will allow their mass production. The aim of this work is to obtain new synthethic germinating agents. RESULTS Nineteen N-substituted phthalimides containing a butenolide ring and different substituents in the aromatic ring were synthesised. The synthesis started with commercially available phthalimides. The complete collection was assayed against the parasitic weeds Orobanche minor, O. cumana, Phelipanche ramosa and P. aegyptiaca, with the synthetic strigolactone analogue GR24 used as a positive control. These compounds offered low EC50 values: O. cumana 38.3 μM, O. minor 3.77 μM, P. aegyptiaca 1.35 μM and P. ramosa 1.49 μM. CONCLUSIONS The synthesis was carried out in a few steps and provided the target compounds in good yields. The compounds tested showed great selectivity, and low EC50 values were obtained for structures that were simpler than GR24. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cala
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules, School of Science, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Kala Ghooray
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules, School of Science, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - José Mg Molinillo
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules, School of Science, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Cg Galindo
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules, School of Science, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Diego Rubiales
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco A Macías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules, School of Science, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Scaffidi A, Waters MT, Ghisalberti EL, Dixon KW, Flematti GR, Smith SM. Carlactone-independent seedling morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 76:1-9. [PMID: 23773129 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactone hormones are derived from carotenoids via carlactone, and act through the α/β-hydrolase D14 and the F-box protein D3/MAX2 to repress plant shoot branching. While MAX2 is also necessary for normal seedling development, D14 and the known strigolactone biosynthesis genes are not, raising the question of whether endogenous, canonical strigolactones derived from carlactone have a role in seedling morphogenesis. Here, we report the chemical synthesis of the strigolactone precursor carlactone, and show that it represses Arabidopsis shoot branching and influences leaf morphogenesis via a mechanism that is dependent on the cytochrome P450 MAX1. In contrast, both physiologically active Z-carlactone and the non-physiological E isomer exhibit similar weak activity in seedlings, and predominantly signal through D14 rather than its paralogue KAI2, in a MAX2-dependent but MAX1-independent manner. KAI2 is essential for seedling morphogenesis, and hence this early-stage development employs carlactone-independent morphogens for which karrikins from wildfire smoke are specific surrogates. While the commonly employed synthetic strigolactone GR24 acts non-specifically through both D14 and KAI2, carlactone is a specific effector of strigolactone signalling that acts through MAX1 and D14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Scaffidi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia
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14
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Pouvreau JB, Gaudin Z, Auger B, Lechat MM, Gauthier M, Delavault P, Simier P. A high-throughput seed germination assay for root parasitic plants. PLANT METHODS 2013; 9:32. [PMID: 23915294 PMCID: PMC3751143 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-9-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some root-parasitic plants belonging to the Orobanche, Phelipanche or Striga genus represent one of the most destructive and intractable weed problems to agricultural production in both developed and developing countries. Compared with most of the other weeds, parasitic weeds are difficult to control by conventional methods because of their life style. The main difficulties that currently limit the development of successful control methods are the ability of the parasite to produce a tremendous number of tiny seeds that may remain viable in the soil for more than 15 years. Seed germination requires induction by stimulants present in root exudates of host plants. Researches performed on these minute seeds are until now tedious and time-consuming because germination rate is usually evaluated in Petri-dish by counting germinated seeds under a binocular microscope. RESULTS We developed an easy and fast method for germination rate determination based on a standardized 96-well plate test coupled with spectrophotometric reading of tetrazolium salt (MTT) reduction. We adapted the Mosmann's protocol for cell cultures to germinating seeds and determined the conditions of seed stimulation and germination, MTT staining and formazan salt solubilization required to obtain a linear relationship between absorbance and germination rate. Dose-response analyses were presented as applications of interest for assessing half maximal effective or inhibitory concentrations of germination stimulants (strigolactones) or inhibitors (ABA), respectively, using four parameter logistic curves. CONCLUSION The developed MTT system is simple and accurate. It yields reproducible results for germination bioassays of parasitic plant seeds. This method is adapted to high-throughput screenings of allelochemicals (stimulants, inhibitors) or biological extracts on parasitic plant seed germination, and strengthens the investigations of distinctive features of parasitic plant germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Bernard Pouvreau
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Pathologie Végétales EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Nantes University, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Zachary Gaudin
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Pathologie Végétales EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Nantes University, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Bathilde Auger
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Pathologie Végétales EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Nantes University, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Marc-Marie Lechat
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Pathologie Végétales EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Nantes University, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Mathieu Gauthier
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Pathologie Végétales EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Nantes University, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Delavault
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Pathologie Végétales EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Nantes University, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Simier
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Pathologie Végétales EA 1157, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Nantes University, 44322 Nantes, France
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Zwanenburg B, Pospísil T. Structure and activity of strigolactones: new plant hormones with a rich future. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013. [PMID: 23204499 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sss141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) constitute a new class of plant hormones which are active as germination stimulants for seeds of parasitic weeds of Striga, Orobanche, and Pelipanchi spp, in hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and as inhibitors of shoot branching. In this review, the focus is on molecular features of these SLs. The occurrence of SLs in root exudates of host plants is described. The naming protocol for SL according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) rules and the 'at a glance' method is explained. The total synthesis of some natural SLs is described with details for all eight stereoisomers of strigol. The problems encountered with assigning the correct structure of natural SLs are analyzed for orobanchol, alectrol, and solanacol. The structure-activity relationship of SLs as germination stimulants leads to the identification of the bioactiphore of SLs. Together with a tentative mechanism for the mode of action, a model has been derived that can be used to design and prepare active SL analogs. This working model has been used for the preparation of a series of new SL analogs such as Nijmegen-1, and analogs derived from simple ketones, keto enols, and saccharine. The serendipitous finding of SL mimics which are derived from the D-ring in SLs (appropriately substituted butenolides) is reported. For SL mimics, a mode of action is proposed as well. Recent new results support this proposal. The stability of SLs and SL analogs towards hydrolysis is described and some details of the mechanism of hydrolysis are discussed as well. The attempted isolation of the protein receptor for germination and the current status concerning the biosynthesis of natural SLs are briefly discussed. Some non-SLs as germinating agents are mentioned. The structure-activity relationship for SLs in hyphal branching of AM fungi and in repression of shoot branching is also analyzed. For each of the principle functions, a working model for the design of new active SL analogs is described and its applicability and implications are discussed. It is shown that the three principal functions use a distinct perception system. The importance of stereochemistry for bioactivity has been described for the various functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binne Zwanenburg
- Cluster of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Wu P, Su MX, Wang Y, Wang GC, Ye WC, Chung HY, Li J, Jiang RW, Li YL. Supercritical fluid extraction assisted isolation of sesquiterpene lactones with antiproliferative effects from Centipeda minima. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 76:133-40. [PMID: 22277736 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoguaianolide sesquiterpene lactones minimolides A (1), B (2), C (3) and D (4) and two guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones minimolides E (5) and F (6), along with seven known ones (7-13), were isolated from the supercritical fluid extract of Centipeda minima. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods (IR, UV, HRESIMS, 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR), and the complete structure and stereochemistry of 1 was further confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1, 5-8,11 and 13 displayed inhibitory activity against human nasopharyngeal cancer cells (CNE) with IC(50) values ranging from 1.1 to 20.3 μM. Compound 13 containing both α-methylene-γ-lactone and α, β-unsaturated cyclopentenone moieties exhibited even stronger inhibitory activity than that of cisplatin (positive control) through cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Isolation of six sesquiterpene lactones from Centipeda minima highlighted the potential of supercritical fluid extraction for enrichment of minor constituents for phytochemical study.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Asteraceae/chemistry
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid/methods
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Lactones/chemistry
- Lactones/isolation & purification
- Lactones/pharmacology
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods
- Sesquiterpenes/chemistry
- Sesquiterpenes/isolation & purification
- Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology
- Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane/chemistry
- Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane/isolation & purification
- Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane/pharmacology
- Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane
- Stereoisomerism
- X-Ray Diffraction
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Joel DM, Chaudhuri SK, Plakhine D, Ziadna H, Steffens JC. Dehydrocostus lactone is exuded from sunflower roots and stimulates germination of the root parasite Orobanche cumana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:624-34. [PMID: 21353686 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The germination of the obligate root parasites of the Orobanchaceae depends on the perception of chemical stimuli from host roots. Several compounds, collectively termed strigolactones, stimulate the germination of the various Orobanche species, but do not significantly elicit germination of Orobanche cumana, a specific parasite of sunflower. Phosphate starvation markedly decreased the stimulatory activity of sunflower root exudates toward O. cumana, and fluridone - an inhibitor of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway - did not inhibit the production of the germination stimulant in both shoots and roots of young sunflower plants, indicating that the stimulant is not a strigolactone. We identified the natural germination stimulant from sunflower root exudates by bioassay-driven purification. Its chemical structure was elucidated as the guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone dehydrocostus lactone (DCL). Low DCL concentrations effectively stimulate the germination of O. cumana seeds but not of Phelipanche aegyptiaca (syn. Orobanche aegyptiaca). DCL and other sesquiterpene lactones were found in various plant organs, but were previously not known to be exuded to the rhizosphere where they can interact with other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Joel
- Division of Weed Research, ARO, Newe-Ya'ar Research Center, 30095 Ramat-Yishay, Israel.
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Akiyama K, Ogasawara S, Ito S, Hayashi H. Structural requirements of strigolactones for hyphal branching in AM fungi. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 51:1104-17. [PMID: 20418334 PMCID: PMC2900820 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcq058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are a group of terpenoid lactones that act as a host-derived signal in the rhizosphere communication of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and root parasitic weeds as well as an endogenous plant hormone regulating shoot branching in plants. Strigolactones induce hyphal branching in AM fungi at very low concentrations, suggesting a highly sensitive perception system for strigolactones present in AM fungi. However, little is known about the structural requirements of strigolactones for hyphal branching in AM fungi. Here, we tested a series of natural and synthetically modified strigolactones as well as non-strigolactone-type germination stimulants for hyphal branching-inducing activity in germinating spores of the AM fungus Gigaspora margarita. All tested compounds with a tricyclic lactone coupled to a methylbutenolide via an enol ether bond showed activity, but differed in the active concentration and in the branching pattern of hyphae. Truncation of the A- and AB-rings in the tricyclic ABC lactone of strigolactones resulted in a drastic reduction in hyphal branching activity. Although the connection of the C-ring in the tricyclic lactone to the methylbutenolide D-ring was shown to be essential for hyphal branching, the bridge structure in the C-D part was found not necessarily to be enol ether, being replaceable with either alkoxy or imino ethers. These structural requirements in AM fungi are very similar but not identical to those observed in root parasitic weeds, especially with respect to the enol ether bridge in the C-D part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohki Akiyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan.
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Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) were originally isolated from plant root exudates as germination stimulants for root parasitic plants of the family Orobanchaceae, including witchweeds (Striga spp.), broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.), and Alectra spp., and so were regarded as detrimental to the producing plants. Their role as indispensable chemical signals for root colonization by symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was subsequently unveiled, and SLs then became recognized as beneficial plant metabolites. In addition to these functions in the rhizosphere, it has been recently shown that SLs or their metabolites are a novel class of plant hormones that inhibit shoot branching. Furthermore, SLs are suggested to have other biological functions in rhizosphere communications and in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Xie
- Weed Science Center, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan.
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