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Ibrahim RM, El-Shiekh RA, Mohamed OG, Al-Karmalawy AA, Tripathi A, Abdel-Baki PM. LC/MS-Based Metabolomics Reveals Chemical Variations of Two Broccoli Varieties in Relation to Their Anticholinesterase Activity: In vitro and In silico Studies. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:359-366. [PMID: 38607508 PMCID: PMC11178554 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Broccoli is commonly consumed as food and as medicine. However, comprehensive metabolic profiling of two broccoli varieties, Romanesco broccoli (RB) and purple broccoli (PB), in relation to their anticholinergic activity has not been fully disclosed. A total of 110 compounds were tentatively identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS metabolomics. Distinctively different metabolomic profiles of the two varieties were revealed by principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, by volcano diagram analysis, it was found that PB had a significantly higher content of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and glucosinolates, indicating the different beneficial health potentials of PB that demonstrated higher antioxidant and anticholinergic activities. Moreover, Pearson's correlation analysis revealed 18 metabolites, mainly phenolic and sulfur compounds, as the main bioactive. The binding affinity of these biomarkers to the active sites of acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase enzymes was further validated using molecular docking studies. Results emphasize the broccoli significance as a functional food and nutraceutical source and highlight its beneficial effects against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M Ibrahim
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Riham A El-Shiekh
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Osama G Mohamed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, 34518, New Damietta, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza, 12566, Egypt
| | - Ashootosh Tripathi
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Passent M Abdel-Baki
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Sabry MM, El-Halawany AM, Fahmy WG, Eltanany BM, Pont L, Benavente F, Attia AS, Sherbiny FF, Ibrahim RM. Evidence on the inhibitory effect of Brassica plants against Acinetobacter baumannii lipases: phytochemical analysis, in vitro, and molecular docking studies. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:164. [PMID: 38641582 PMCID: PMC11027383 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii are becoming a rising public health problem due to its high degree of acquired and intrinsic resistance mechanisms. Bacterial lipases penetrate and damage host tissues, resulting in multiple infections. Because there are very few effective inhibitors of bacterial lipases, new alternatives for treating A. baumannii infections are urgently needed. In recent years, Brassica vegetables have received a lot of attention since their phytochemical compounds have been directly linked to diverse antimicrobial actions by inhibiting the growth of various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Despite their longstanding antibacterial history, there is currently a lack of scientific evidence to support their role in the management of infections caused by the nosocomial bacterium, A. baumannii. This study aimed to address this gap in knowledge by examining the antibacterial and lipase inhibitory effects of six commonly consumed Brassica greens, Chinese cabbage (CC), curly and Tuscan kale (CK and TK), red and green Pak choi (RP and GP), and Brussels sprouts (BR), against A. baumannii in relation to their chemical profiles. METHODS The secondary metabolites of the six extracts were identified using LC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis, and they were subsequently correlated with the lipase inhibitory activity using multivariate data analysis and molecular docking. RESULTS In total, 99 metabolites from various chemical classes were identified in the extracts. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the chemical similarities and variabilities among the specimens, with glucosinolates and phenolic compounds being the major metabolites. RP and GP showed the highest antibacterial activity against A. baumannii, followed by CK. Additionally, four species showed a significant effect on the bacterial growth curves and demonstrated relevant inhibition of A. baumannii lipolytic activity. CK showed the greatest inhibition (26%), followed by RP (21%), GP (21%), and TK (15%). Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) pinpointed 9 metabolites positively correlated with the observed bioactivities. Further, the biomarkers displayed good binding affinities towards lipase active sites ranging from -70.61 to -30.91 kcal/mol, compared to orlistat. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the significance of Brassica vegetables as a novel natural source of potential inhibitors of lipase from A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M Sabry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Ali M El-Halawany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Walaa G Fahmy
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Basma M Eltanany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Laura Pont
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Research on Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA·UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Serra Húnter Program, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, 08007, Spain
| | - Fernando Benavente
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Research on Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA·UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Ahmed S Attia
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, 12577, Egypt
| | - Farag F Sherbiny
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr city, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Rana M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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3
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Chen D, Chen H, Dai G, Zhang H, Liu Y, Shen W, Zhu B, Cui C, Tan C. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the anthocyanin-related genes during seed coat development in six Brassica species. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:103. [PMID: 36894869 PMCID: PMC9999611 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow seed is one favorite trait for the breeding of Brassica oilseed crops, but the performance of seed coat color is very complicated due to the involvement of various pigments. The change of seed coat color of Brassica crops is related to the specific synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanin, and the expression level of structural genes in anthocyanin synthesis pathway is specifically regulated by transcription factors. Despite some previous reports on the regulations of seed coat color from linkage marker development, gene fine-mapping and multi-omics association analysis, the trait of Brassica crops is affected by the evolutionary events such as genome triploidization, the regulatory mechanism is still largely unknown. In this study, we identified genes related to anthocyanin synthesis in six Brassica crops in U-triangle at the genome-wide level and performed collinearity analysis. A total of 1119 anthocyanin-related genes were identified, the collinear relationship of anthocyanin-related genes on subgenomic chromosomes was the best in B. napus (AACC) and the worst in B. carinata (BBCC). The comparisons of gene expressions for anthocyanin metabolic pathways in seed coats during seed development revealed differences in its metabolism among these species. Interestingly, the R2R3-MYB transcription factors MYB5 and TT2 were differentially expressed at all eight stages of seed coat development, indicating that they might be the key genes that caused the variation of the seed coat color. The expression curve and trend analyses of the seed coat development period showed that the main reason for the unexpressed copies of MYB5 and TT2 was likely gene silencing caused by gene structural variation. These results were valuable for the genetic improvement of Brassica seed coat color, and also provided new insights into gene multicopy evolution in Brassica polyploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daozong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Haidong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Guoqiang Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Haimei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Wenjie Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Cheng Cui
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chendu, 610066, China.
| | - Chen Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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Air-Frying Is a Better Thermal Processing Choice for Improving Antioxidant Properties of Brassica Vegetables. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020490. [PMID: 36830048 PMCID: PMC9952021 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassica vegetables have demonstrated many health benefits over the years due to their composition of phenolic, flavonoid, and glucosinolate contents. However, these bioactive molecules can be easily depleted during gastronomic operations. Therefore, a sustainable method that improves their phenolic content and antioxidant activity is required for both the processors and consumers. Thermal processing has been demonstrated as a method to improve the phenolic content and antioxidant status of Brassica vegetables. In the current study, four different thermal processing methods, including freeze-drying, sautéing, steaming, and air-frying, were employed for five different Brassica vegetables, including kale, broccoli sprouts, Brussels sprouts, red cabbage, and green cabbage. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities were assessed using radical scavenging activity (DPPH and ABTS•+), reducing power (FRAP), and the chelating ability of metal ions. Among the methods tested, air-frying at 160 °C for 10 min showed the highest TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity of the Brassica vegetables, while sautéing showed the lowest. The steam treatments were preferred over the freeze-drying treatments. Within the vegetables tested, both kale and broccoli sprouts contained higher antioxidant properties in most of the employed processing treatments. The results also indicated that there is a strong correlation between the TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity (p < 0.05). This study indicates that air-frying could be used as a sustainable thermal processing method for improving biomolecules in Brassica vegetables.
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Missinou AA, Ferreira de Carvalho J, Marnet N, Delhaye T, Hamzaoui O, Abdel Sayed D, Guitton Y, Lebreton L, Langrume C, Laperche A, Delourme R, Manzanares-Dauleux MJ, Bouchereau A, Gravot A. Identification and Quantification of Glucosinolates and Phenolics in a Large Panel of Brassica napus Highlight Valuable Genetic Resources for Chemical Ecology and Breeding. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5245-5261. [PMID: 35420430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolate (GLS) and phenolic contents in Brassicaceae contribute to biotic and abiotic stress responses. Breeding crop accessions harboring agroecologically relevant metabolic profiles require a characterization of the chemical diversity in Brassica germplasm. This work investigates the diversity of specialized metabolites in 281 accessions of B. napus. First, an LC-HRMS2-based approach allowed the annotation of 32 phenolics and 36 GLSs, revealing 13 branched and linear alkyl-GLSs and 4 isomers of hydroxyphenylalkyl-GLSs, many of which have been rarely reported in Brassica. Then, quantitative UPLC-UV-MS-based profiling was performed in leaves and roots for the whole panel. This revealed striking variations in the content of 1-methylpropyl-GLS (glucocochlearin) and a large variation of tetra- and penta-glucosyl kaempferol derivatives among accessions. It also highlighted two main chemotypes related to sinapoyl-O-hexoside and kaempferol-O-trihexoside contents. By offering an unprecedented overview of the phytochemical diversity in B. napus, this work provides a useful resource for chemical ecology and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lionel Lebreton
- Univ Rennes, Institut Agro, INRAE, IGEPP, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | | | - Anne Laperche
- Univ Rennes, Institut Agro, INRAE, IGEPP, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - Régine Delourme
- Univ Rennes, Institut Agro, INRAE, IGEPP, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | | | | | - Antoine Gravot
- Univ Rennes, Institut Agro, INRAE, IGEPP, 35653 Le Rheu, France
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Endophytic aspergillus oryzae reprograms Abelmoschus esculentus L. to higher growth under salt stress via regulation of physiochemical attributes and antioxidant system. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Orlando P, Nartea A, Silvestri S, Marcheggiani F, Cirilli I, Dludla PV, Fiorini R, Pacetti D, Loizzo MR, Lucci P, Tiano L. Bioavailability Study of Isothiocyanates and Other Bioactive Compounds of Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica Boiled or Steamed: Functional Food or Dietary Supplement? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020209. [PMID: 35204095 PMCID: PMC8868189 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The levels of bioactive compounds in broccoli and their bioavailability following broccoli intake can be affected by the cooking procedures used for vegetable preparation. In the present pilot study, we compared the human plasma bioavailability of antioxidant compounds (β-carotene, lutein and isothiocyanate) and of phylloquinone (vitamin K) on seven volunteers before and after the administration of boiled and steamed broccoli. Moreover, plasma isothiocyanate (ITCs) levels were also evaluated after the administration of a single dose of BroccoMax®, a dietary supplement containing GLSs with active myrosinase. Steam-cooking has been demonstrated to promote higher plasma bioavailability in ITCs than boiling (AUCSTEAMED = 417.4; AUCBOILED = 175.3) and is comparable to that reached following the intake of BroccoMax®, a supplement containing glucoraphanin and active myrosinase (AUC = 450.1). However, the impact of boiling and steaming treatment on plasma bioavailability of lipophilic antioxidants (lutein and β-carotene) and of phylloquinone was comparable. The lutein and β-carotene plasma levels did not change after administration of steamed or boiled broccoli. Conversely, both treatments led to a similar increase of phylloquinone plasma levels. Considering the antioxidant action and the potential chemopreventive activity of ITCs, steaming treatments can be considered the most suitable cooking method to promote the health benefits of broccoli in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ancuta Nartea
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cirilli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Rosamaria Fiorini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Deborah Pacetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Paolo Lucci
- Department of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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8
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Szutowska J, Gwiazdowska D, Rybicka I, Pawlak-Lemańska K, Biegańska-Marecik R, Gliszczyńska-Świgło A. Controlled fermentation of curly kale juice with the use of autochthonous starter cultures. Food Res Int 2021; 149:110674. [PMID: 34600676 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to evaluate the influence of different indigenous lactic acid bacteria isolates - as a single culture or bacterial consortium - on the functional and physicochemical properties of fermented curly kale juice. All tested variants exhibited good growth parameters, manifested by efficient pH lowering, increases in acidity, and fructose and glucose metabolism, as well as a significant inhibition of pathogens. A slight increase in total phenolic content was observed, while antioxidant activity remained unchanged. L. sakei and MIX A were associated with an increase in riboflavin and pyridoxine content, while L. plantarum only contributed to an increase in vitamin B6 content. Bioconversion of individual phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and glucosinolates strongly depended on the strain-specific metabolism. In the process, the levels of ferulic acid and other hydroxycinnamic acids were maintained, while the content of 9-cis lutein increased. Considering presented results and our previous research regarding probiotic features of LAB strains, among tested starter cultures - L. plantarum seemed to possess the best characteristics as a potential starter culture for controlled fermentation of curly kale juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Szutowska
- Department of Natural Science and Quality Assurance, Institute of Quality Science, Poznań University of Economics and Business, al. Niepodległości 10, 61-875 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Daniela Gwiazdowska
- Department of Natural Science and Quality Assurance, Institute of Quality Science, Poznań University of Economics and Business, al. Niepodległości 10, 61-875 Poznań, Poland
| | - Iga Rybicka
- Department of Technology and Instrumental Analysis, Institute of Quality Science, Poznań University of Economics and Business, Al. Niepodległości 10, 61-875 Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pawlak-Lemańska
- Department of Technology and Instrumental Analysis, Institute of Quality Science, Poznań University of Economics and Business, Al. Niepodległości 10, 61-875 Poznań, Poland
| | - Róża Biegańska-Marecik
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Ul. Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Gliszczyńska-Świgło
- Department of Technology and Instrumental Analysis, Institute of Quality Science, Poznań University of Economics and Business, Al. Niepodległości 10, 61-875 Poznań, Poland
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9
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Ezzat SM, Abdallah HMI, Yassen NN, Radwan RA, Mostafa ES, Salama MM, Salem MA. Phenolics from Physalis peruviana fruits ameliorate streptozotocin-induced diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in rats via induction of autophagy and apoptosis regression. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111948. [PMID: 34385108 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of Physalis peruviana L. fruits in the management of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in relation to its metabolic profile. In-vitro α-amylase, β-glucosidase, and lipase inhibition activities were assessed for the ethanolic extract (EtOH) and its subfractions. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction showed the highest α-amylase, β-glucosidase, and lipase inhibition effect. In vivo antihyperglycemic testing of EtOAc in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats showed that it decreased the blood glucose level, prevented the reduction in body weight, improved serum indicators of kidney injury (urea, uric acid, creatinine), and function (albumin and total protein). EtOAc increased autophagic parameters (LC3B, AMPK) and depressed mTOR contents. Histopathology revealed that EtOAc ameliorated the pathological features and decreased the glycogen content induced by STZ. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that EtOAc reduced P53 expression as compared to the STZ-diabetic group. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS metabolite profiling of EtOAc allowed the identification of several phenolic compounds. Among the isolated compounds, gallic acid, its methylated dimer and the glycosides of quercetin had promising α-amylase and β-glucosidase inhibition activity. The results suggest that the phenolic-rich fraction has a protective effects against diabetic nephropathy presumably via enhancing autophagy (AMPK/mTOR pathway) and prevention of apoptosis (P53 suppression).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahira M Ezzat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt.
| | - Heba M I Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Noha N Yassen
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rasha A Radwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, East Kantara Branch, New City El Ismailia 41611, Egypt.
| | - Eman S Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt.
| | - Maha M Salama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Salem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Gamal Abd El Nasr st., Shibin Elkom 32511, Menoufia, Egypt.
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10
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Guan Y, Hu W, Xu Y, Sarengaowa, Ji Y, Yang X, Feng K. Proteomic analysis validates previous findings on wounding-responsive plant hormone signaling and primary metabolism contributing to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites based on metabolomic analysis in harvested broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica). Food Res Int 2021; 145:110388. [PMID: 34112391 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The plant wound-response is a complex process that generates physiological modifications for protecting the wounded tissue. In this study, tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis was performed to clarify the comprehensive molecular mechanism for the wound-response of broccoli subjected to two wounding intensities (0.04 and 1.85 m2 kg-1 for florets and shreds, respectively). Furthermore, integrated proteomic and metabolomic analysis was performed to reveal the interaction among the critical metabolic pathway responses to wounding. The results show that a total of 399 proteins and 266 proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in florets and shreds broccoli compared to control, respectively. Furthermore, 167 DEPs were detected in shreds broccoli compared to the florets broccoli. Salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene (ET) biosynthesis were more susceptible to being induced by wounding with lower intensities, whereas, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, aliphatic glucosinolate synthesis and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis were more susceptible to being activated by wounding with higher intensities. The activation of starch and sucrose metabolism, TCA cycle, glycolysis, pentose phosphate could provide carbon sources and ATP for the production of amino acids including phenylalanine, valine, threonine, isoleucine, L-methionine, methionine and histidine. The motivation of carbohydrate metabolic pathways and amino acid biosynthesis-related pathways promotes the precursor levels for phenolic substances and glucosinolate synthesis. Furthermore, the accumulation of SA, ET and JA may activated secondary metabolite biosynthesis through the regulation of critical proteins involved in the corresponding metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Guan
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenzhong Hu
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioesources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Yongping Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Sarengaowa
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yaru Ji
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ke Feng
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioesources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China
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11
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Sun J, Charron CS, Liu Z, Novotny JA, Harrington PDB, Ross SA, Seifried HE, Chen P. Study on Human Urinary Metabolic Profiles after Consumption of Kale and Daikon Radish using a High-resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Non-targeted and Targeted Metabolomic Approach. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14307-14318. [PMID: 33205650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, urine samples were collected from healthy human volunteers to determine the metabolic fates of phenolic compounds and glucosinolates after a single meal of kale and daikon radish. The major glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in kale and daikon radish were measured. The urinary metabolome after feeding at different time periods was investigated. A targeted metabolite analysis method was developed based on the known metabolic pathways for glucosinolates and phenolic compounds. Using a targeted approach, a total of 18 metabolites were found in urine: 4 from phenolic compounds and 14 from glucosinolates. Among these metabolites, 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate, 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate-cysteine, and 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenylglucosinolate-N-acetyl cysteine were reported for the first time in human urine. The combination of non-targeted and targeted metabolomic approaches can gain a full metabolite profile for human dietary intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Sun
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clippinger Laboratories, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Craig S Charron
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Components and Health Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Zhihao Liu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Janet A Novotny
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Components and Health Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Peter de B Harrington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clippinger Laboratories, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Sharon A Ross
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Protection Prevention, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Harold E Seifried
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Protection Prevention, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Pei Chen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
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Picchi V, Lo Scalzo R, Tava A, Doria F, Argento S, Toscano S, Treccarichi S, Branca F. Phytochemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Four Brassica Wild Species from Italy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153495. [PMID: 32752002 PMCID: PMC7435896 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated for the first time the variability of antioxidant traits of four Brassica wild species: B. incana, B. macrocarpa, B. villosa, and B. rupestris. The content of the main water-soluble antioxidants (phenolics, ascorbic acid, and total biothiols) and the in vitro antioxidant potential (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and superoxide anion scavenging capacity) were investigated. A total of 28 polyphenolic compounds were identified by LC/MS and quantitated by HPLC/DAD analysis. Kaempferol and quercetin derivatives were the most abundant phenolics compared to hydroxycinnamoyl gentiobiosides. In the ten populations, phenolics ranged from 163.9 to 533.9 mg/100 g dry weight (d.w.), ascorbic acid from 7.6 to 375.8 mg/100 g d.w., and total biothiols from 0.59 to 5.13 mg/100 g d.w. The different classes of phytochemicals were separated using solid-phase extraction at increasing methanol concentrations, and the antioxidant power of fractionated extracts was evaluated. The superoxide anion scavenging activity was significantly correlated to phenolics, particularly to flavonol derivatives, while DPPH was mainly related to ascorbic acid content. The present findings improve the knowledge of the phytochemical composition of Italian Brassica wild species by showing the great diversity of phytochemicals among populations and highlighting their importance as a valuable genetic resource for developing new cultivars with improved bioactive content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Picchi
- CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, via G. Venezian 26, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-239557210
| | - Roberto Lo Scalzo
- CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, via G. Venezian 26, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Aldo Tava
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Filippo Doria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Sergio Argento
- CNR Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo (ISAFoM), via Empedocle 58, 95128 Catania, Italy;
| | - Stefania Toscano
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.T.); (S.T.); (F.B.)
| | - Simone Treccarichi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.T.); (S.T.); (F.B.)
| | - Ferdinando Branca
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.T.); (S.T.); (F.B.)
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Lin KH, Shih FC, Huang MY, Weng JH. Physiological Characteristics of Photosynthesis in Yellow-Green, Green and Dark-Green Chinese Kale ( Brassica oleracea L. var. alboglabra Musil.) under Varying Light Intensities. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080960. [PMID: 32751426 PMCID: PMC7464843 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to study physiological characteristics and photosynthetic apparatus in differentially pigmented leaves of three Chinese kale cultivars. Chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence and photochemical reflectance index (PRI) measurements in green, yellow-green, and dark-green cultivars in response to varying light intensities. As light intensity increased from 200 to 2000 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), fraction of light absorbed in photosystem (PS) II and PRI values in all plants were strongly lowered, but fraction of light absorbed in PSII dissipated via thermal energy dissipation and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) values in all plants wereremarkably elevated.When plants were exposed to 200 PPFD, the values of fraction of light absorbed in PSII, utilized in photosynthetic electron transport(p), andfraction of light absorbed excitation energy in PSII dissipated via thermal energy dissipation (D), remained stable regardless of the changes in levels of Chla + b. Under 800 and 1200 PPFD, the values of p and electron transport rate (ETR) decreased, but D and NPQ increased as Chla + bcontent decreased, suggesting that decrease inChla + bcontent led to lower PSII efficiency and it became necessary to increase dissipate excess energy. On the contrary, in 2000 PPFD, leaves with lower Chla + bcontent had relatively higher p and electron transport rate (ETR) values and lower D level, as well as tended to increase more in NPQ but decrease more in PRI values. The consistent relations between PRI and NPQ suggest that NPQ is mainly consisted ofthe xanthophyll cycle-dependentenergy quenching.Yellow-green cultivar showed lower Chla + bcontent but high carotenoids/Chla + b ratio and had high light protection ability under high PPFD. The precise management of photosynthetic parameters in response to light intensity can maximize the growth and development of Chinese kale plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111, Taiwan;
| | - Feng-Chi Shih
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung40227, Taiwan;
| | - Meng-Yuan Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung40227, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.H.); (J.-H.W.)
| | - Jen-Hsien Weng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung40227, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.H.); (J.-H.W.)
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Side Streams of Broccoli Leaves: A Climate Smart and Healthy Food Ingredient. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072406. [PMID: 32244813 PMCID: PMC7178181 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human consumption of fruits and vegetables are generally below recommended levels. Waste from the production, e.g., of un-used parts such as broccoli leaves and stem when producing broccoli florets for food, is a sustainability issue. In this study, broccoli leaves were analyzed for the content of various dietary fibre and phenolics, applying the Uppsala method and HPLC analyses, respectively. The results showed that broccoli leaves had comparable levels of dietary fibre (26%–32% of dry weight (DW)) and phenolic compounds (6.3–15.2 mg/g DW) to many other food and vegetables considered valuable in the human diet from a health perspective. A significant positive correlation was found among soluble dietary fibre and phenolic acids indicating possible bindings between these components. Seasonal variations affected mainly the content of conjugated phenolics, and the content of insoluble dietary fibre. This study verified the importance of the use of broccoli production side streams (leaves) as they may contribute with health promoting components to the human diet and also socio-economic and environmental benefits to the bioeconomic development in the society.
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Neugart S, Majer P, Schreiner M, Hideg É. Blue Light Treatment but Not Green Light Treatment After Pre-exposure to UV-B Stabilizes Flavonoid Glycoside Changes and Corresponding Biological Effects in Three Different Brassicaceae Sprouts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:611247. [PMID: 33584754 PMCID: PMC7875886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.611247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B; 280-315 nm) radiation induces the biosynthesis of secondary plant metabolites such as flavonoids. Flavonoids could also be enhanced by blue (420-490 nm) or green (490-585 nm) light. Flavonoids act as antioxidants and shielding components in the plant's response to UV-B exposure. They are shown to quench singlet oxygen and to be reactive to hydroxyl radical. The aim was to determine whether treatment with blue or green light can alter flavonoid profiles after pre-exposure to UV-B and whether they cause corresponding biological effects in Brassicaceae sprouts. Based on their different flavonoid profiles, three vegetables from the Brassicaceae were selected. Sprouts were treated with five subsequent doses (equals 5 days) of moderate UV-B (0.23 kJ m-2 day-1 UV-BBE), which was followed with two subsequent (equals 2 days) doses of either blue (99 μmol m-2 s-1) or green (119 μmol m-2 s-1) light. In sprouts of kale, kohlrabi, and rocket salad, flavonoid glycosides were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. Both Brassica oleracea species, kale and kohlrabi, showed mainly acylated quercetin and kaempferol glycosides. In contrast, in rocket salad, the main flavonol glycosides were quercetin glycosides. Blue light treatment after the UV-B treatment showed that quercetin and kaempferol glycosides were increased in the B. oleracea species kale and kohlrabi while-contrary to this-in rocket salad, there were only quercetin glycosides increased. Blue light treatment in general stabilized the enhanced concentrations of flavonoid glycosides while green treatment did not have this effect. Blue light treatment following the UV-B exposure resulted in a trend of increased singlet oxygen scavenging for kale and rocket. The hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity was independent from the light quality except for kale where an exposure with UV-B followed by a blue light treatment led to a higher hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity. These results underline the importance of different light qualities for the biosynthesis of reactive oxygen species that intercept secondary plant metabolites, but also show a pronounced species-dependent reaction, which is of special interest for growers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neugart
- Division Quality and Sensory of Plant Products, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Susanne Neugart,
| | - Petra Majer
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.V., Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Éva Hideg
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Wang J, Jayaprakasha G, Patil BS. Chemometric characterization of 30 commercial thermal and cold processed juices using UPLC-QTOF-HR-MS fingerprints. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Stübler AS, Lesmes U, Heinz V, Rauh C, Shpigelman A, Aganovic K. Digestibility, antioxidative activity and stability of plant protein-rich products after processing and formulation with polyphenol-rich juices: kale and kale–strawberry as a model. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lee JH, Oh MM, Son KH. Short-Term Ultraviolet (UV)-A Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Radiation Improves Biomass and Bioactive Compounds of Kale. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1042. [PMID: 31481968 PMCID: PMC6710713 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of two types of UV-A LEDs on the growth and accumulation of phytochemicals in kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala). Fourteen-day-old kale seedlings were transferred to a growth chamber and cultivated for 3 weeks. The kale plants were subsequently subjected to two types of UV-A LEDs (370 and 385 nm) of 30 W/m2 for 5 days. Growth characteristics were all significantly increased in plants exposed to UV-A LEDs, especially at the 385 nm level, for which dry weight of shoots and roots were significantly increased by 2.22 and 2.5 times, respectively, at 5 days of treatment. Maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm ratio) began to decrease after 3 h of treatment compared to the control. The total phenolic content of plants exposed to the two types of UV-A LEDs increased by 25% at 370 nm and 42% at 385 nm at 5 days of treatment, and antioxidant capacity also increased. The two types of UV-A LEDs also induced increasing contents of caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and kaempferol. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) temporarily increased in plants exposed to the two types of UV-A LEDs after 3 h of treatment. Moreover, transcript levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) genes and PAL enzyme activity were higher in plants treated with UV-A LEDs. Our results suggested that short-term UV-A LEDs were effective in increasing growth and improving antioxidant phenolic compounds in kale, thereby representing a potentially effective strategy for enhancing the production of phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hui Lee
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Brain Korea Center for Bio-Resource Development, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Myung-Min Oh
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Brain Korea Center for Bio-Resource Development, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Son
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Life Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, South Korea
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Ezzat SM, Raslan M, Salama MM, Menze ET, El Hawary SS. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity and UPLC-MS/MS profiling of the peels and pulps of Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis and Cucumis melo var. reticulatus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:245-254. [PMID: 30857984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis and Cucumis melo var. reticulatus are the most famous varieties of netted muskmelon or cantaloupe in Egypt. Cantaloupe has a great reputation as an anti-inflammatory drug for hot inflammation of liver, cough, eczema, and kidney disorders such as ulcers in the urinary tract, and our objective was to confirm this use scientifically. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inflammation was induced in adult male Sprague Dawley rats by subcutaneous injection of 0.05 ml of carrageenan (1% solution in saline) into the plantar surface of the right hind paw 30 min after oral pretreatment of the rats with 95% ethanolic extracts of Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis peels (CCP) and pulps (CCU) and Cucumis melo var. reticulatus peels (CRP) and pulps (CRU) at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) was used as a standard drug. The effect of the tested samples was measured on the oedema volume, as well as PGE-2, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β levels. Metabolic profiling of the extracts was performed using UPLC-MS/MS analysis. RESULTS Pretreatment of rats with the ethanol extract of the pulps and peels of the two varieties at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced increase in the oedema volume of the rat paws after 3 h, except for the low dose of the French cantaloupe pulp. CRP at 50 mg/kg caused the most significant reductions in both TNF-α (P < 0.05) and IL-1β (P < 0.001) levels, while CCP caused the most significant reductions in PGE-2 and IL-6 (P < 0.05) levels. Increases in PGE-2, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β levels were also significantly prevented by indomethacin (10 mg/kg). UPLC-MS/MS facilitated the identification of 44 phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids and flavonoids. CONCLUSION This is the first report of the chemical and biological study of the peels of Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis and Cucumis melo var. reticulatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahira M Ezzat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA), 6th October, 12566, Egypt
| | - Mai Raslan
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Maha M Salama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Egypt
| | - Esther T Menze
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Seham S El Hawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Kasote DM, Jayaprakasha GK, Patil BS. Leaf Disc Assays for Rapid Measurement of Antioxidant Activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1884. [PMID: 30760761 PMCID: PMC6374478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant levels are key parameters for studies of food quality, stress responses, and plant health. Herein, we have demonstrated that excised leaf disc has both radical scavenging activity and reducing power, and used this concept to develop 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and potassium permanganate reduction (PPR) leaf disc assays. Reaction time and reagent concentration for these assays were optimized using leaves from spinach, kale, collards, mustard, and watermelon. Further, these assays were validated for linearity and intra-assay precision. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to an electrospray quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UPLC/ESI-HR-QTOFMS) was used for phytochemical profiling and studying relative abundances of certain phenolic compounds in various leaf discs suspended and cell-free extracts. The mass spectral analysis showed that leaf disc suspended methanolic extracts had almost same phytochemical profiles to those of cell-free extracts. The DPPH leaf disc assay demonstrated better radical scavenging potential than the conventional cell-free extract method. By contrast, the observed antioxidant activity values in ABTS and PPR leaf disc assays were lower than those of conventional cell-free extract-based methods. In conclusion, the developed leaf disc assays are simple and rapid for the qualitative and comparative assessment of the antioxidant potential of leaf samples, as well as can be a good alternative to conventional cell-free extract based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak M Kasote
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, A120, College Station, TX, 77845-2119, USA
| | - Guddadarangavvanahally K Jayaprakasha
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, A120, College Station, TX, 77845-2119, USA
| | - Bhimanagouda S Patil
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, A120, College Station, TX, 77845-2119, USA.
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Influence of Green Leafy Vegetables in Diets with an Elevated ω-6:ω-3 Fatty Acid Ratio on Rat Blood Pressure, Plasma Lipids, Antioxidant Status and Markers of Inflammation. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020301. [PMID: 30709032 PMCID: PMC6413025 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The typical Western dietary pattern has an elevated ω-6:ω-3 fatty acid ratio (FAR), which may exacerbate the risk of chronic disease. Conversely, the consumption of diets containing green leafy vegetables (GLVs) have been demonstrated to attenuate disease risk. This study investigated the effects of collard greens (CG), purslane (PL) and orange flesh sweetpotato greens (SPG) on measures of disease risk in rats fed diets with a 25:1 ω-6:ω-3 FAR. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were randomly assigned to four dietary groups (n = 10/group) with a 25:1 ω-6:ω-3 FAR. Experimental diets contained 4% (dried weight) CG, PL or SPG. Dietary intake, body weight, blood pressure, plasma adiponectin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity and lipid profile were determined using standardized procedures. Following a 6-week consumption period, systolic blood pressure, plasma adiponectin, total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol decreased following the consumption of diets containing GLVs. While hsCRP increased in SHRs fed diets containing CG and PL, plasma antioxidant capacity was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) with the consumption of diets containing the GLVs. These findings suggest that CG, PL and SPG have the potential to decrease risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with the consumption of diets with an elevated ω-6:ω-3 FAR.
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Li Z, Lee HW, Liang X, Liang D, Wang Q, Huang D, Ong CN. Profiling of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of 12 Cruciferous Vegetables. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051139. [PMID: 29748497 PMCID: PMC6100362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenolic profiles of 12 cruciferous vegetables (pakchoi, choysum, Chinese cabbage, kailan, Brussels sprout, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, rocket salad, red cherry radish, daikon radish, and watercress) were studied with UHPLC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (TPC) were also evaluated. A total of 74 phenolic compounds were identified, including 16 hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives, and 58 flavonoids and derivatives. The main flavonoids identified were glycosylated quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin, and the main hydroxycinnamic acids were ferulic, sinapic, caffeic and p-coumaric acids. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the distribution of phenolic compounds in different genera of cruciferous vegetables was in accordance with their conventional taxonomy. The DPPH, ORAC and TPC values ranged from 1.11 to 9.54 µmoles Trolox equivalent/g FW, 5.34 to 32.92 µmoles Trolox equivalent/g FW, and 0.16 to 1.93 mg gallic acid equivalent/g FW respectively. Spearman’s correlation showed significant (p < 0.05) positive correlations between TPC, flavonoids and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Li
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, China.
| | - Hui Wen Lee
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
| | - Xu Liang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
| | - Dong Liang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore.
| | - Qi Wang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, China.
| | - Dejian Huang
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore.
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Šamec D, Urlić B, Salopek-Sondi B. Kale ( Brassica oleracea var. acephala) as a superfood: Review of the scientific evidence behind the statement. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2411-2422. [PMID: 29557674 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1454400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) is a cruciferous vegetable, characterized by leaves along the stem, which, in recent years, have gained a great popularity as a ´superfood´. Consequently, in a popular culture it is listed in many ´lists of the healthiest vegetables´. Without the doubt, a scientific evidences support the fact that cruciferous vegetables included in human diet can positively affect health and well-being, but remains unclear why kale is declared superior in comparison with other cruciferous. It is questionable if this statement about kale is triggered by scientific evidence or by some other factors. Our review aims to bring an overview of kale's botanical characteristics, agronomic requirements, contemporary and traditional use, macronutrient and phytochemical content and biological activity, in order to point out the reasons for tremendous kale popularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Šamec
- a Ruđer Bošković Institute, Department for Molecular Biology , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Branimir Urlić
- b Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation , Split , Croatia
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Challenges in Separations of Proteins and Small Biomolecules and the Role of Modern Mass Spectroscopy Tools for Solving Them, as Well as Bypassing Them, in Structural Analytical Studies of Complex Biomolecular Mixtures. SEPARATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/separations5010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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26
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Yang I, Jayaprakasha GK, Patil B. In vitro digestion with bile acids enhances the bioaccessibility of kale polyphenols. Food Funct 2018; 9:1235-1244. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Kale (Brassica oleracea) polyphenols and dietary fiber have key roles in bile acid binding, and these bile acids enhanced significanlty higher (69.4%) bioaccessibility of certain health-promoting polyphenolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Yang
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center
- Department of Horticultural Sciences
- College Station
- USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
| | | | - Bhimanagouda Patil
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center
- Department of Horticultural Sciences
- College Station
- USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
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Kumar BR. Application of HPLC and ESI-MS techniques in the analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids from green leafy vegetables (GLVs). J Pharm Anal 2017; 7:349-364. [PMID: 29404060 PMCID: PMC5790745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets containing high proportions of fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of onset of chronic diseases. The role of herbal medicines in improving human health is gaining popularity over the years, which also increases the need for safety and efficiency of these products. Green leafy vegetables (GLVs) are the richest source of phenolic compounds with excellent antioxidant properties. Increased consumption of diets containing phenolic compounds may give positive and better results to human health and significantly improves the immune system. Highly selective, susceptible and versatile analytical techniques are necessary for extraction, identification, and quantification of phenolic compounds from plant extracts, which helps to utilize their important biological properties. Recent advances in the pre-treatment procedures, separation techniques and spectrometry methods are used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds. The online coupling of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has become a useful tool in the metabolic profiling of plant samples. In this review, the separation and identification of phenolic acids and flavonoids from GLVs by LC-MS have been discussed along with the general extraction procedures and other sources of mass spectrometer used. The review is devoted to the understanding of the structural configuration, nature and accumulation pattern of phenolic acids and flavonoids in plants and to highlighting the recent developments in the chemical investigation of these compounds by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. It concludes with the advantages of the combination of these two methods and prospects.
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Wang YQ, Hu LP, Liu GM, Zhang DS, He HJ. Evaluation of the Nutritional Quality of Chinese Kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey) Using UHPLC-Quadrupole-Orbitrap MS/MS-Based Metabolomics. Molecules 2017; 22:E1262. [PMID: 28749430 PMCID: PMC6152293 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey) is a widely consumed vegetable which is rich in antioxidants and anticarcinogenic compounds. Herein, we used an untargeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-Quadrupole-Orbitrap MS/MS-based metabolomics strategy to study the nutrient profiles of Chinese kale. Seven Chinese kale cultivars and three different edible parts were evaluated, and amino acids, sugars, organic acids, glucosinolates and phenolic compounds were analysed simultaneously. We found that two cultivars, a purple-stem cultivar W1 and a yellow-flower cultivar Y1, had more health-promoting compounds than others. The multivariate statistical analysis results showed that gluconapin was the most important contributor for discriminating both cultivars and edible parts. The purple-stem cultivar W1 had higher levels of some phenolic acids and flavonoids than the green stem cultivars. Compared to stems and leaves, the inflorescences contained more amino acids, glucosinolates and most of the phenolic acids. Meanwhile, the stems had the least amounts of phenolic compounds among the organs tested. Metabolomics is a powerful approach for the comprehensive understanding of vegetable nutritional quality. The results provide the basis for future metabolomics-guided breeding and nutritional quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qin Wang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 10097, China.
| | - Li-Ping Hu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 10097, China.
| | - Guang-Min Liu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 10097, China.
| | - De-Shuang Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 10097, China.
| | - Hong-Ju He
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 10097, China.
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Neugart S, Baldermann S, Ngwene B, Wesonga J, Schreiner M. Indigenous leafy vegetables of Eastern Africa - A source of extraordinary secondary plant metabolites. Food Res Int 2017; 100:411-422. [PMID: 28964364 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous African leafy vegetables vary enormously in their secondary plant metabolites whereat genus and the species have a great impact. In African nightshade (Solanum scabrum), spiderplant (Cleome gynandra), amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Ethiopian kale (Brassica carinata) and common kale (Brassica oleracea) the specific secondary metabolite profile was elucidated and gained detailed data about carotenoids, chlorophylls, glucosinolates and phenolic compounds all having an appropriate contribution to health beneficial properties of indigenous African leafy vegetables. Exemplarily, various quercetin glycosides such as quercetin-3-rutinoside occur in high concentrations in African nightshade, spiderplant, and amaranth between ~1400-3300μg/g DW. Additionally the extraordinary hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives such as glucaric isomers and isocitric acid isomers are found especially in amaranth (up to ~1250μg/g DW) and spiderplant (up to 120μg/g DW). Carotenoids concentrations are high in amaranth (up to101.7μg/g DW) and spiderplants (up to 64.7μg/g DW) showing high concentrations of β-carotene, the pro-vitamin A. In contrast to the ubiquitous occurring phenolics and carotenoids, glucosinolates are only present in the Brassicales species Ethiopian kale, common kale and spiderplant characterized by diverse glucosinolate profiles. Generally, the consumption of a variety of these indigenous African leafy vegetables can be recommended to contribute to different benefits such as antioxidant activity, increase pro-vitamin A and anticancerogenic compounds in a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neugart
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany.
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Benard Ngwene
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - John Wesonga
- Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
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Clifford M, Jaganath IB, Ludwig IA, Crozier A. Chlorogenic acids and the acyl-quinic acids: discovery, biosynthesis, bioavailability and bioactivity. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:1391-1421. [DOI: 10.1039/c7np00030h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review is focussed upon the acyl-quinic acids, the most studied group within theca.400 chlorogenic acids so far reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. Clifford
- School of Biosciences and Medicine
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Surrey
- Guildford
- UK
| | - Indu B. Jaganath
- Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute
- Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Iziar A. Ludwig
- Department of Food Technology
- University of Lleida
- Lleida
- Spain
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition
- University of California
- Davis
- USA
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Neugart S, Krumbein A, Zrenner R. Influence of Light and Temperature on Gene Expression Leading to Accumulation of Specific Flavonol Glycosides and Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:326. [PMID: 27066016 PMCID: PMC4812050 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Light intensity and temperature are very important signals for the regulation of plant growth and development. Plants subjected to less favorable light or temperature conditions often respond with accumulation of secondary metabolites. Some of these metabolites have been identified as bioactive compounds, considered to exert positive effects on human health when consumed regularly. In order to test a typical range of growth parameters for the winter crop Brassica oleracea var. sabellica, plants were grown either at 400 μmol m(-2) s(-1) or 100 μmol m(-2) s(-1) at 10°C, or at 400 μmol m(-2) s(-1) with 5 or 15°C. The higher light intensity overall increased flavonol content of leaves, favoring the main quercetin glycosides, a caffeic acid monoacylated kaempferol triglycoside, and disinapoyl-gentiobiose. The higher temperature mainly increased the hydroxycinnamic acid derivative disinapoyl-gentiobiose, while at lower temperature synthesis is in favor of very complex sinapic acid acylated flavonol tetraglycosides such as kaempferol-3-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside-7-O-diglucoside. A global analysis of light and temperature dependent alterations of gene expression in B. oleracea var. sabellica leaves was performed with the most comprehensive Brassica microarray. When compared to the light experiment much less genes were differentially expressed in kale leaves grown at 5 or 15°C. A structured evaluation of differentially expressed genes revealed the expected enrichment in the functional categories of e.g. protein degradation at different light intensities or phytohormone metabolism at different temperature. Genes of the secondary metabolism namely phenylpropanoids are significantly enriched with both treatments. Thus, the genome of B. oleracea was screened for predicted genes putatively involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. All identified B. oleracea genes were analyzed for their most specific 60-mer oligonucleotides present on the 2 × 105 K format Brassica microarray. Expression differences were correlated to the structure-dependent response of flavonoid glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives to alterations in either light or temperature. The altered metabolite accumulation was mainly reflected on gene expression level of core biosynthetic pathway genes and gave further hints to an isoform specific functional specialization.
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Lännenpää M. Heterologous expression of AtMYB12 in kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) leads to high flavonol accumulation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1377-88. [PMID: 24792422 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of Arabidopsis AtMYB12 transcription factor greatly increases the total phenolic and flavonol content in transgenic kale leaves. Flavonoids are a diverse group of plant secondary metabolites exhibiting a number of health-promoting effects. There has been a growing interest to develop biotechnological methods for the enhanced production of flavonoids in crop plants. AtMYB12 is an Arabidopsis transcription factor which specifically activates flavonol synthesis and its overexpression has led to increased flavonol accumulation in several transgenic plants. In the present study, AtMYB12 was overexpressed in a commercial cultivar of kale and the transgenic plants were tested both in in vitro and in semi-field conditions in cages under natural light. Using this method, a severalfold increase in both total phenolics content and flavonol accumulation was achieved. This study provides a reliable and efficient transformation protocol for kale and suggests the potential of this flavonol-enriched vegetable for the production of kaempferol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Lännenpää
- BioCarelia Research Laboratory, Juurikantie 45, 82580, Juurikka, Finland,
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Neugart S, Fiol M, Schreiner M, Rohn S, Zrenner R, Kroh LW, Krumbein A. Interaction of moderate UV-B exposure and temperature on the formation of structurally different flavonol glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:4054-62. [PMID: 24655223 DOI: 10.1021/jf4054066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Kale has a high number of structurally different flavonol glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. In this study we investigated the interaction of moderate UV-B radiation and temperature on these compounds. Kale plants were grown at daily mean temperatures of 5 or 15 °C and were exposed to five subsequent daily doses (each 0.25 kJ m(-2) d(-1)) of moderate UV-B radiation at 1 d intervals. Of 20 phenolic compounds, 11 were influenced by an interaction of UV-B radiation and temperature, e.g., monoacylated quercetin glycosides. Concomitantly, enhanced mRNA expression of flavonol 3'- hydroxylase showed an interaction of UV-B and temperature, highest at 0.75 kJ m(-2) and 15 °C. Kaempferol glycosides responded diversely and dependent on, e.g., the hydroxycinnamic acid residue. Compounds containing a catechol structure seem to be favored in the response to UV-B. Taken together, subsequent exposure to moderate UV-B radiation is a successful tool for enhancing the flavonoid profile of plants, and temperature should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neugart
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V. , Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
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Shao Y, Jiang J, Ran L, Lu C, Wei C, Wang Y. Analysis of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in rapeseeds (Brassica napus L. var. napus) by HPLC-PDA--ESI(--)-MS(n)/HRMS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2935-45. [PMID: 24620834 DOI: 10.1021/jf404826u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive description of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in Brassica napus L. var. napus seeds is important to improve rapeseed quality. HPLC-PDA-ESI(-)-MS(n)/HRMS has been broadly applied to study phenolic compounds in plants. In the present study, crude phenolic compounds extracted from rapeseed were subjected to column chromatography, alkaline hydrolysis, and HPLC-PDA-ESI(-)-MS(n)/HRMS analysis. A total of 91 flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were detected, including 39 kaempferol derivatives, 11 isorhamnetin derivatives, 5 quercetin derivatives, 6 flavanols and their oligomers, and 30 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. A total of 78 of these compounds were tentatively identified; of these, 55 were reported for the first time in B. napus L. var. napus and 24 were detected for the first time in the genus Brassica. This research enriches our knowledge of the phenolic composition of rapeseed and provides a reliable guide for the selection of rapeseed with valuable breeding potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Shao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology and ‡Test Center, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, China
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Sun J, Xiao Z, Lin LZ, Lester GE, Wang Q, Harnly JM, Chen P. Profiling polyphenols in five Brassica species microgreens by UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMS(n.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10960-70. [PMID: 24144328 PMCID: PMC3915300 DOI: 10.1021/jf401802n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Brassica vegetables are known to contain relatively high concentrations of bioactive compounds associated with human health. A comprehensive profiling of polyphenols from five Brassica species microgreens was conducted using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array high-resolution multistage mass spectrometry (UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMS(n)). A total of 164 polyphenols including 30 anthocyanins, 105 flavonol glycosides, and 29 hydroxycinnamic acid and hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives were putatively identified.The putative identifications were based on UHPLC-HRMS(n) analysis using retention times, elution orders, UV-vis and high-resolution mass spectra, and an in-house polyphenol database as well as literature comparisons. This study showed that these five Brassica species microgreens could be considered as good sources of food polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Zhenlei Xiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Long-ze Lin
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
| | - Gene E. Lester
- Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - James M. Harnly
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
| | - Pei Chen
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
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Ferioli F, Giambanelli E, D'Antuono LF, Costa HS, Albuquerque TG, Silva AS, Hayran O, Koçaoglu B. Comparison of leafy kale populations from Italy, Portugal, and Turkey for their bioactive compound content: phenolics, glucosinolates, carotenoids, and chlorophylls. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:3478-3489. [PMID: 23749678 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kales are primitive leafy Brassica oleracea L. forms, widespread in local farming systems of several European countries and employed in the preparation of traditional recipes. Kales are also potential sources of healthy bioactive phytochemical components. The present study compared the bioactive compound content of kale populations from Italy, Portugal, and Turkey, either from local sources or grown in an experimental field. RESULTS Total phenolics, glucosinolates (GLS), carotenoids, and chlorophylls were in the ranges 8310-38 110, 755-8580, 135-2354, and 1740-16,924 mg kg(-1) dry matter, respectively. On average, locally harvested samples showed a total GLS content about twice as high as populations from the experiment. Conversely, pigments were significantly more abundant in experimental than in local kales, owing to the higher soil fertility. Portuguese samples showed higher phenolic and GLS amounts than Italian and Turkish kales, whereas some of the Italian samples were the richest in carotenoids. CONCLUSION This paper represented the first cross-country comparison of local kale accessions with respect to bioactive compound amounts. Both geographic origin and growing environment appeared to be remarkable and discriminating factors in determining bioactive levels in leafy kales, with possible effects on their health-promoting and sensorial attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ferioli
- Department of Agri-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy
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Neugart S, Fiol M, Schreiner M, Rohn S, Zrenner R, Kroh LW, Krumbein A. Low and moderate photosynthetically active radiation affects the flavonol glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) dependent on two low temperatures. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 72:161-8. [PMID: 23647885 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) contains a large number of naturally occurring structurally different non-acylated and acylated flavonol glycosides as well as hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of low and moderate photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and how these levels interact with low temperature in these phenolic compounds. Juvenile kale plants were treated with PAR levels from 200 to 800 μmol m(-2) s(-1) at 5 and 10 °C under defined conditions in climate chambers. Of the investigated 20 compounds, 11 and 17 compounds were influenced by PAR and temperature, respectively. In addition, an interaction between PAR and temperature was found for eight compounds. The response of the phenolic compounds to PAR was structure-dependent. While quercetin triglycosides increased with higher PAR at 5 and 10 °C, the kaempferol triglycosides exhibited the highest concentrations at 400 μmol m(-2) s(-1). In contrast, kaempferol diglycosides exhibited the highest concentrations at increased PAR levels of 600 and 800 μmol m(-2) s(-1) at 10 °C. However, key genes of flavonol biosynthesis were influenced by temperature but remained unaffected by PAR. Furthermore, there was no interaction between the PAR level and the low temperature in the response of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in kale with the exception of caffeoylquinic acid, which decreased with higher PAR levels of 600 and 800 μmol m(-2) s(-1) and at a lower temperature. In conclusion, PAR and its interaction with temperature could be a suitable tool for modifying the profile of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neugart
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany.
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Qu C, Fu F, Lu K, Zhang K, Wang R, Xu X, Wang M, Lu J, Wan H, Zhanglin T, Li J. Differential accumulation of phenolic compounds and expression of related genes in black- and yellow-seeded Brassica napus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:2885-98. [PMID: 23698630 PMCID: PMC3697950 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Developing yellow-seeded Brassica napus (rapeseed) with improved qualities is a major breeding goal. The intermediate and final metabolites of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways affect not only oil quality but also seed coat colour of B. napus. Here, the accumulation of phenolic compounds was analysed in the seed coats of black-seeded (ZY821) and yellow-seeded (GH06) B. napus. Using toluidine blue O staining and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, histochemical and biochemical differences were identified in the accumulation of phenolic compounds between ZY821 and GH06. Two and 13 unique flavonol derivatives were detected in ZY821 and GH06, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed significant differences between ZY821 and GH06 in the expression of common phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes (BnPAL and BnC4H), common flavonoid biosynthetic genes (BnTT4 and BnTT6), anthocyanin- and proanthocyandin-specific genes (BnTT3 and BnTT18), proanthocyandin-specific genes (BnTT12, BnTT10, and BnUGT2) and three transcription factor genes (BnTTG1, BnTTG2, and BnTT8) that function in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. These data provide insight into pigment accumulation in B. napus, and serve as a useful resource for researchers analysing the formation of seed coat colour and the underlying regulatory mechanisms in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunmin Qu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- *These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Fuyou Fu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, S7N 02X, Saskatoon Saskatchewan, Canada
- *These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kun Lu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- *These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kai Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinfu Xu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxing Lu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huafang Wan
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tang Zhanglin
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Fiol M, Weckmüller A, Neugart S, Schreiner M, Rohn S, Krumbein A, Kroh LW. Thermal-induced changes of kale’s antioxidant activity analyzed by HPLC–UV/Vis-online-TEAC detection. Food Chem 2013; 138:857-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Yoon GA, Yeum KJ, Cho YS, Chen CYO, Tang G, Blumberg JB, Russell RM, Yoon S, Lee-Kim YC. Carotenoids and total phenolic contents in plant foods commonly consumed in Korea. Nutr Res Pract 2012; 6:481-90. [PMID: 23346297 PMCID: PMC3542437 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2012.6.6.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are reported to provide various biological functions leading to the promotion of health as well as the reduced risk of chronic diseases. Fat-soluble plant pigments, carotenoids, are extensively studied micronutrient phytochemicals for their potential health benefits. It is noteworthy that specific carotenoids may be responsible for different protective effects against certain diseases. In addition, each carotenoid can be obtained from different types of plant foods. Considering the fact that the phytochemical content in foods can vary according to, but not limited to, the varieties and culture conditions, it is important to establish a database of phytochemicals in locally produced plant foods. Currently, information on individual carotenoid content in plant foods commonly consumed in Korea is lacking. As the first step to support the production and consumption of sustainable local plant foods, carotenoids and total phenolic contents of plant foods commonly consumed in Korea are presented and their potential biological functions are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Ae Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Yeum
- Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Yoon-Suk Cho
- Florida Coastal School of Law, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - C-Y. Oliver Chen
- Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Guangwen Tang
- Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Blumberg
- Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Robert M. Russell
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sun Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Yang Cha Lee-Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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41
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Korus A. Amino Acid Retention and Protein Quality in Dried Kale (Brassica oleracea
L. var. acephala
). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Korus
- Department of Raw Materials and Processing of Fruit and Vegetables; Agricultural University of Krakow; 122 Balicka Street 30-149 Krakow Poland
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42
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Cekic B, Biber Muftuler FZ, Yurt Kilcar A, Gunay N, Sakarya S, Unak P. Anti toxic effect of broccoli extract on stannous dichloride toxicity. Acta Cir Bras 2012; 27:606-10. [PMID: 22936084 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502012000900003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Since Technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) has favorable physical and chemical characteristics, it is widely used radioisotope in Nuclear Medicine. However, stannous dichloride (SnCl(2)) has been widely used as a reducing agent in labeling procedure of pharmaceutical with radionuclide, it has been realized that SnCl(2) have genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on biological systems. In previous studies, it has been shown that some herbal extract can reduce genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of SnCl(2). In the present study, it is aimed to evaluate the effect of the broccoli extract on the survival of E. coli ATCC 25922 strain against to toxic effects of SnCl(2). METHODS Broccoli was extracted with methanol extraction. HPLC and TLC analysis of broccoli extract were performed. Then antitoxicity and dose response assays were performed on bacterial strain. RESULTS The broccoli extract had dose dependent protective effect against SnCl(2) toxic effect on E. coli. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of broccoli may alter the stannous dichloride toxicity. Broccoli extract may use as a new protective strategies against the toxic effect of SnCl(2) on patients who were taken (99m)Tc radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Cekic
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir-Turkey
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43
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Neugart S, Kläring HP, Zietz M, Schreiner M, Rohn S, Kroh LW, Krumbein A. The effect of temperature and radiation on flavonol aglycones and flavonol glycosides of kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica). Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Olsen H, Grimmer S, Aaby K, Saha S, Borge GIA. Antiproliferative effects of fresh and thermal processed green and red cultivars of curly kale (Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala var. sabellica). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:7375-7383. [PMID: 22769426 DOI: 10.1021/jf300875f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Brassica vegetables contain a diverse range of phytochemicals with biological properties such as antioxidant and anticancer activity. However, knowledge about how biological activities are affected by processing is lacking. A green cultivar and a red cultivar of curly kale were evaluated for water/methanol-soluble phytochemicals before and after processing involving blanching, freeze storage, and boil-in-bag heat treatment. In both kale cultivars, processing resulted in a significant decrease of total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, and content and distribution of flavonols, anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, glucosinolates, and vitamin C. Interestingly, the red curly kale cultivar had a higher capacity to withstand thermal loss of phytochemicals. The extracts of both green and red curly kale inhibited the cell proliferation of three human colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2, HT-29, and HCT 116). However, extracts from fresh plant material had a significantly stronger antiproliferative effect than extracts from processed plant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Olsen
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research , Osloveien 1, NO-1430 Ås, Norway
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45
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Neugart S, Zietz M, Schreiner M, Rohn S, Kroh LW, Krumbein A. Structurally different flavonol glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives respond differently to moderate UV-B radiation exposure. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2012; 145:582-93. [PMID: 22292604 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the modifying influence of moderate ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation exposure on structurally different flavonol glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives during pre-harvest using kale, a leafy Brassica species with a wide spectrum of different non-acylated and acylated flavonol glycosides. Juvenile kale plants were treated with short-term (1 day), moderate UV-B radiation [0.22-0.88 kJ m⁻² day⁻¹ biologically effective UV-B (UV-B(BE))]. Twenty compounds were quantified, revealing a structure-specific response of flavonol glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives to UV-B radiation. A dose- and structure-dependent response of the investigated phenolic compounds to additional UV-B radiation was found. The investigated quercetin glycosides decreased under UV-B; for kaempferol glycosides, however, the amount of sugar moieties and the flavonol glycoside hydoxycinnamic acid residue influenced the response to UV-B. Monoacylated kaempferol tetraglucosides decreased in the investigated UV-B range, whereas the monoacylated kaempferol diglucosides increased strongly with doses of 0.88 kJ m⁻² day⁻¹ UV-B(BE) . The UV-B-induced increase in monoacylated kaempferol triglucosides was dependent on the acylation pattern. Furthermore, the hydroxycinnamic acid glycosides disinapoyl-gentiobiose and sinapoyl-feruloyl-gentiobiose were enhanced in a dose-dependent manner under UV-B. While UV-B radiation treatments often focus on flavonol aglycones or total flavonols, our investigations were extended to structurally different non-acylated and acylated glycosides of quercetin and kaempferol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neugart
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
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46
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Fiol M, Adermann S, Neugart S, Rohn S, Mügge C, Schreiner M, Krumbein A, Kroh LW. Highly glycosylated and acylated flavonols isolated from kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) — Structure–antioxidant activity relationship. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Narváez-Cuenca CE, Vincken JP, Gruppen H. Identification and quantification of (dihydro) hydroxycinnamic acids and their conjugates in potato by UHPLC–DAD–ESI-MSn. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Lin LZ, Harnly J, Zhang RW, Fan XE, Chen HJ. Quantitation of the hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and the glycosides of flavonols and flavones by UV absorbance after identification by LC-MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:544-53. [PMID: 22136064 DOI: 10.1021/jf204612t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A general approach was developed to quantify hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and the glycosides of flavonols and flavones using UV molar relative response factors (MRRFs). More than 90 standards were analyzed by LC-MS and divided into five groups based on the λ(max) of their band I absorbance profiles. For each group, a commercially available standard was chosen as the group reference standard. Response factors were determined for each standard in each group as purchased (MRRF) and, when possible, after vacuum drying (MRRF(D)). The MRRF(D) values for 17 compounds whose λ(max) values fell within ±2 nm of the group reference standard were 1.01 ± 0.03. MRRF values for compounds whose λ(max) values fell within ±10 nm of the group reference standard were 0.96 ± 0.13. Group reference standards were used to quantify 44 compounds in Chinese lettuce, red onion, and white tea. This approach allows quantitation of numerous compounds for which there are no standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Ze Lin
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-3000, United States.
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Lin LZ, Sun J, Chen P, Harnly J. UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMS/MS(n) analysis of anthocyanins, flavonol glycosides, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in red mustard greens (Brassica juncea Coss variety). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:12059-72. [PMID: 21970730 PMCID: PMC3622947 DOI: 10.1021/jf202556p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
An UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMS/MS(n) profiling method was used for a comprehensive study of the phenolic components of red mustard greens ( Brassica juncea Coss variety) and identified 67 anthocyanins, 102 flavonol glycosides, and 40 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. The glycosylation patterns of the flavonoids were assigned on the basis of direct comparison of the parent flavonoid glycosides with reference compounds. The putative identifications were obtained from tandem mass data analysis and confirmed by the retention time, elution order, and UV-vis and high-resolution mass spectra. Further identifications were made by comparing the UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMS/MS(n) data with those of reference compounds in the polyphenol database and in the literature. Twenty-seven acylated cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-diglucosides, 24 acylated cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucosides, 3 acylated cyanidin triglucoside-5-glucosides, 37 flavonol glycosides, and 10 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were detected for the first time in brassica vegetables. At least 50 of them are reported for the first time in any plant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Ze Lin
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Building-161, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States.
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50
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Korus A, Lisiewska Z. Effect of preliminary processing and method of preservation on the content of selected antioxidative compounds in kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) leaves. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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